GOVERNMENT 97 THE SOPHOMORE TUTORIAL IN GOVERNMENT Harvard University, Spring 2012

Mondays 2:00-3:30pm, Emerson 210 Weekly sections to be arranged

Professor Nancy Rosenblum Professor Daniel Ziblatt CGIS Knafel Building Center for European Studies 1737 Cambridge Street 27 Kirkland Street [email protected] [email protected]

Head TF: Sabeel Rahman [email protected]

Welcome to Government 97! This sophomore tutorial for all Government concentrators takes up some of the most pressing and urgent questions in politics today. Our overarching focus is on democracy. We will consider both key theoretical problems—on elections, rights, revolution, democratization, political economy, and war—and the most promising methods that political scientists use to understand these problems. This course will introduce students not only to the theoretical and empirical debates over the study of democratic politics, but also to the diverse approaches that political science offers for the study of politics.

In choosing to focus on democracy, we are not suggesting that it is something whose virtues are obvious or whose triumph is inevitable. Nevertheless, we believe that democracy is at the center of political self-understanding in our modern world, not just in democratic societies (wherever we might draw the borderline for inclusion) but also in many other societies where the absence of democracy is a salient issue.

The course will consist of weekly two-hour tutorials, plus a weekly lecture featuring faculty from the Government Department, plus guests from Harvard Law School, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, and Harvard Business School.

1! Course Policies

Readings: All the readings for the course are compiled in a coursepack available from Gnomon Copy (1308 Massachusetts Avenue), or on reserve at Lamont Library. Students are required to have text copies of the readings with them in class in time for the first meeting of sections.

Website: The course website will feature announcements, links, paper topics, and other resources throughout the semester. Be sure to check the site regularly. (URL: http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k84467)

Assignments and Grading: Students will be graded on three short papers (7-8 pages, 25% of final grade each) and class participation (25%). Each student’s participation grade will depend upon weekly lecture and section attendance, contribution to section discussion, and the quality of completed section assignments. The dates for paper topic distribution and due dates are listed in the weekly assignment section below. Papers will be assessed for proper citations as well as content as discussed with teaching fellows. Late papers will be penalized by one third of a letter grade by day. Extensions can only be granted by the head teaching fellow.

Sections: Sections are largely organized by House affiliation. Students should receive emails from their TFs prior to the start of classes about section timing and location. Students are expected to attend their assigned sections.

Resources: If you have any questions or concerns regarding the substance or logistics of the class, contact your teaching fellow or the head teaching fellow.

For help with writing assignments, students can contact the Government Departmental Writing Fellow, Didi Kuo who holds office hours in the Governmetn Department office on the ground floor of CGIS 1737 Cambridge Street(signups online at: http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k41951&pageid=icb.page196708 ).

Students can also contact the Harvard Writing Center for peer tutoring at the Barker Center on Quincy Street (signups online at: http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k33202 )

2!

SYLLABUS

I. Why Democracy? (Jan 23) Nancy Rosenblum and Daniel Ziblatt

• Judith Shklar, American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), pp. 25-62. • United States Constitution, Amendments XIII and XIV. • Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857). • Civil Rights Cases (1883). • Ronald Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), pp. 184-203. • John Stuart Mill, Considerations on Representative Government, in On Liberty and Other Essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 238-256, 326-345.

• Michael Walzer, “Deliberation and What Else?” in Politics and Passions: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), pp. 90-109. • Students for a Democratic Society, Port Huron Statement (1962)

II. Does “Modern Democracy” Still Count as Democracy? (Jan 30) Nancy Rosenblum

• Pericles, “Funeral Oration”, from Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, Book 2.34-2.46. • Aristotle, The Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), Book I Ch. 1, 2,12; Book III Ch. 1, 7 to 13, 15; Book IV Ch. 1, 2, 6 to 8; Book V Ch. 1, 5.

• Benjamin Constant, “The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns” (1819). • The Federalist Papers #10, 14, 39, 63, • Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Harvey Mansfield and Delba Winthrop, eds. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), pp. 3- 15; 149-54; 231-5.

FIRST PAPER TOPIC DISTRIBUTED

3! III. Are Elections Undemocratic or the Sine Qua Non of Modern Democracy? (Feb 6) Jim Alt

• Bernard Manin, Principles of Representative Government (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 70-79, 132-49, 161-63, 175-83. • Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Harper and Brothers, 1942), pp. 250-64, 269-73, 280-84. • Morris P. Fiorina, The Decline of Collective Responsibility in American Politics,” Daedalus (Summer 1980), pp. 25-45.

• Larry Bartels, “The Irrational Electorate,” Wilson Quarterly (2008). • Anthony Downs, “The Causes and Effects of Rational Abstention,” in An Economic Theory of Democracy. (Harper, 1975), pp. 260-274. • Maurice Duverger, Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State (New York: Wiley & Sons), pp. xxiii-xxxvii, pp. 372-93. • E. E. Schattschneider, Semi-Sovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America (New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston, 1960), pp. 20-46. • Kenneth Shepsle, Analyzing Politics: Rationality, Behavior, and Institutions (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010), pp. 191-217.

• This American Life: “Game Changer”. Listen to audio online at: http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/440/game- changer

FIRST PAPER DUE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 10 AT 5 P.M.

IV. Are Rights Undemocratic? (Feb 13) Eric Beerbohm

• United States Constitution: Bill of Rights • Guy Aitchison, “A New Bill of Rights for Britain?” Open Democracy, August 12, 2008. • Jeremy Waldron, “Between Rights and Bills of Rights” in Law and Disagreement (Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 211-231.

• Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Harvey Mansfield and Delba Winthrop, eds. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), pp. 227-9. • James Madison, “Memorial and Remonstrance” (1785) • Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) • Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith (1990), Scalia’s opinion, Parts I and IIA; O’Connor’s concurrence, Parts IIA and IIB.

4! (February 20: No Class—Presidents’ Day)

V. Do Courts Threaten or Reinforce Democracy? (Feb 27) Richard Fallon

• Alexander M. Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962), pp. 16-33. • John Hart Ely, Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), pp. 73-104. • Jeremy Waldron, “The Core of the Case Against Judicial Review,” Yale Law Journal 115:6 (2006), pp. 1348-59, 1379-86, 1390-1401.

• Robert A. Dahl, “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker,” Journal of Public Law 6 (1957), pp. 279-86, 293-95. • Michael C. Dorf, The Majoritarian Difficulty and Theories of Constitutional Decision Making, University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 13:2 (2010), pp. 283-304. • Persily, Citrin, and Egan, eds., Public Opinion and Constitutional Controversy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 3-15, 81-105.

VI. How Democratic is the United States? Roundtable (March 5) Theda Skocpol Harvey Mansfield Larry Lessig Steve Ansolabehere

• Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 3-18, 189-206. • Sanford Levinson, Our Undemocratic Constitution (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 3-9, 29-62, 75-77, 123-139. • Federalist #70. • Harvey Mansfield, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (New York: The Free Press, 1989), pp. 247-278. • Lawrence Lessig, Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It (New York: Twelve Publishers, 2011), pp. 91-171. • Steve Ansolabehere, "Constituents' Responses to Roll Call Votes" American Journal of Political Science 54:3 (July 2010), pp. 583-597.

(March 12: No class—Spring Break)

5! VII. What Causes “Democratic Revolutions” and Under What Conditions Do They Succeed? (March 19) Dan Ziblatt

What causes waves of democratic revolution? • Timur Kuran, “Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989” World Politics (1991), pp. 7-48. • Lucan Way, “The Real Causes of the Color Revolutions” Journal of Democracy (2009), pp. 55-67. • Valerie Bunce and Sharon Wolchik “Getting Real about ‘Real Causes’” Journal of Democracy, (2009), pp. 69-73. • Mark Beissinger, “An Interrelated Wave” Journal of Democracy (2009), pp. 74-77. • Kurt Weyland, “The Diffusion of Revolution: ‘1848’ in Europe and Latin America” International Organization (2009), pp. 391-423.

What makes democratic revolutions “stick”? • Michael McFaul, “The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World,” World Politics 54:2 (2002), pp. 212-244. • Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 66-88. • Jeffrey Kopstein, “1989 as a Lens for the Communist Past and Postcommunist Future” Contemporary European History 18:3 (2009), pp. 289-302.

SECOND PAPER TOPIC DISTRIBUTED

VIII. Is Economic Wealth a Precondition of Democratization? (March 26) Jorge Dominguez

• Seymour Martin Lipset, “Some Social Requisites of Democracy,” American Political Science Review 53:1, pp. 69-105. • Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi, “Modernization: Theories and Facts,” World Politics 49:2 (1997), pp. 155-183. • James A. Robinson, “Economic Development and Democracy,” Annual Review of Political Science 9 (2006), pp. 503-27. • D. Rustow, “Transitions to Democracy,” Comparative Politics (April 1970), pp. 337-363. • Tim Groseclose, Left Turn: How Liberal Media Bias Distorts the American Mind (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2011), pp. 203-212. IX. What is the Future of Democracy? India, Russia, China, and Egypt (Roundtable) (April 2)

6! Prerna Singh Tarek Masoud Meg Rithmire Tim Colton

• Atul Kohli, “Introduction,” in Atul Kohli, ed., The Success of India’s Democracy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp.1-20. • Ashutosh Varshney, “India Defies the Odds: Why Democracy Survives.” Journal of Democracy, 9:3 (July 1998), pp. 36-50. • Elizabeth Perry. “Chinese Conceptions of Rights: From Mencius to Mao to Now,” Perspectives on Politics (January 2008), pp. 37-50. • Larry Diamond, “Why Are There No Arab Democracies?” Journal of Democracy 21:1 (January 2010), pp. 93-104. • Michael A. McFaul and Kathryn Stoner-Weiss, “The Myth of the Authoritarian Model,” Foreign Affairs 87 (January–February 2008), pp. 68–84. • Stephen Holmes, “Fragments of A Defunct State,” London Review of Books, 34:1 (January 5, 2012), pp. 23-25.

SECOND PAPER DUE FRIDAY, APRIL 6 AT 5 P.M.

X. Capitalism and Democracy: How Well Do They Go Together? (April 9) Peter Hall

• Milton Friedman, “The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom”, in Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962), pp. 7-21. • T. H. Marshall, “Citizenship and Social Class” in Marshall, Class, Citizenship and Social Development (New York: Anchor, 1977), pp. 71-134. • Charles E. Lindblom, “The Market as Prison,” Journal of Politics 44:2 (May 1982), pp. 324-36. • Wolfgang Streeck, “The Crisis of Democratic Capitalism,” New Left Review 71 (Sept-Oct 2011), pp. 5-29.

XI. Does Democracy Prevent War? (April 16) Iain Johnston

• Michael Doyle, “Liberalism and World Politics,” American Political Science Review 80:4 (1986), pp.1151-69. • Bruce Russett, Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post Cold War World (1995), pp. 3-42. (Skim Chapter 1; read Chapter 2 for its hypotheses.)

7! • Kurt Taylor Gaubatz, “Democratic States and Commitments in International Relations,” International Organization, 50:1 (Winter 1996), pp. 109-139. • Lars-Erik Cederman, “Back to Kant: Reinterpreting the Democratic Peace as a Macrohistorical Learning Process,” American Political Science Review 95: 1 (2001), pp. 15-31. • Sebastian Rosato, “The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory,” American Political Science Review 97 (2003), pp. 585–602.

THIRD PAPER TOPIC DISTRIBUTED

XII. Does Globalization Make Democracy Irrelevant? Roundtable (April 23) Jennifer Hochschild Richard Tuck Michael Hiscox

• David Held, “Democracy: From City-States to a Cosmopolitan Order?” Political Studies 40 (1992), pp. 25-46. • Richard Tuck, Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order From Grotius to Kant (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 226-234. • Philip Kasinitz et al., eds., Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008), pp. 66-93. • Dowell Myers, Immigrants and Boomers: Forging a New Social Contract for the Future of America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation 2008), pp. 64-84, 102-119. • Immigration Policy Center, “The New American Electorate: The Growing Political Power of Immigrants and Their Children” (2010)

• David Baron, “Private Politics,” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 12 (2003), pp. 31-47. • David Vogel, “Private Global Business Regulation” Annual Review of Political Science 11 (2008), pp. 262-269. • Tim Bartley, “Certifying Forest and Factories,” Politics & Society 31:3 (2003), pp. 453-464.

THIRD PAPER DUE FRIDAY, APRIL 27 AT 5 P.M.

8!