GOVERNMENT 97 the SOPHOMORE TUTORIAL in GOVERNMENT Harvard University, Spring 2013 Mondays 2:00-3:30Pm, Yenching Auditorium Week

GOVERNMENT 97 THE SOPHOMORE TUTORIAL IN GOVERNMENT Harvard University, Spring 2013

Mondays 2:00-3:30pm, Yenching Auditorium Weekly sections to be arranged

Professor James Alt Professor Michael Rosen CGIS Knafel, 307 CGIS Knafel, 419

1737 Cambridge Street 1737 Cambridge Street [email protected] [email protected] Office hours: Tuesdays 2-4 Office hours: Wednesdays 2-3

or Thursdays 2-4,

or email for appointment

Head TFs

Chiara Superti Oliver Bevan [email protected] [email protected]

Writing Tutor

Emily Clough [email protected]

Website: http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k41951&pageid=icb.page196708

§1. Introduction

Welcome to Government 97! The Sophomore Tutorial is for all Government concentrators. It focuses on democracy to explore some of the problems and methods that are fundamental to the study of politics. Democracy is central to political self-understanding across the modern world – not only in societies that see themselves as democratic but in many other societies whose lack of democracy is felt urgently by their citizens. There are many puzzling questions, however. Just what is democracy? Where does the idea come from and how has it come to be such a dominating ideal in modern politics? How did democracies emerge historically and what determines whether they will remain stable? What are the mechanisms of accountability within modern, mass democracies and how effective are they? How does democracy relate to economic life, and how does democracy affect issues of war and peace? This course will introduce students not only to the theoretical and empirical debates over the study of democratic politics, but also to the diverse approaches that political science offers for understanding politics.

In looking at various issues relating to democracy, you will encounter many of the enormous range of topics and approaches that are included within the field of politics at Harvard – as well as hearing from some of the distinguished faculty members who study them. We hope that this will help you to make good choices about areas to pursue later in your studies. To that end, Government 97 also has an important advising role (more on this below).

Above all, though, the course is, as its name makes clear, a tutorial. That is, it is a place to meet with your peers under the direction of one of our outstanding cohort of Teaching Fellows and there develop your own skills, in reading, writing and thinking about politics.

We hope that you enjoy the course and that it leaves you feeling well prepared and eager to continue your study of politics.

§2. Course Policies

READINGS

All readings (except where indicated) are available on the course website (Harvard log-in required and only for the students enrolled in the class). We have assembled a small number of readings in a coursepack that is available for purchase from Gnomon Copy (1308 Massachusetts Avenue, next door to JP Licks) or on reserve at Lamont Library. Please bring copies of the readings to each section as the detailed interrogations of the texts form an integral part of the course. Readings in the coursepack are denoted by the symbol ¶

WEBSITE

The course website is a vital resource that will keep you informed of course updates and other important information. Please ensure you check the website regularly.

Stable URL: http://bit.ly/gov97

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Grades in Government 97 are determined by four components:

 Paper 1: due February 22th (25%)

 Paper 2: due April 12th (25%)

 Paper 3: due May 10th (25%)

 Class participation (25%)

The papers are each 7-8 pages in length and are due at 5pm on the dates listed above. The penalty for late submission will be 1/3 of a grade for each 24-hour period the paper is late (e.g. A to A- for the first period). Paper extensions must be requested in advance and are granted at the sole discretion of the head TFs. The participation grade depends on weekly lecture and section attendance, contribution to weekly discussions and the quality of submitted section assignments (where applicable).

COLLABORATION

1 Discussion and the exchange of ideas are essential to producing quality academic work and we do not wish to extinguish this important component of university life. For assignments in this course, you may find it useful to discuss the topic with your peers, your TF or the Writing Fellow.

2 However, you should ensure that any written work you submit for evaluation is the result of your own research and writing and that it reflects your own approach to the topic. You must also adhere to standard citation practices in this discipline and properly cite any books, articles, websites, lectures, etc. that have helped you with your work. If you receive any help with your writing (feedback on drafts, etc.), you must clearly acknowledge this assistance.

SECTIONS

We shall organize sections (as far as possible) by house affiliation. The TFs leading your section will send e-mails well in advance advising you of the time and location of your section. You are expected to attend the section to which you are assigned and changing will only be possible in extraordinary circumstances (conflict with other courses does not count as a sufficiently compelling reason). Please contact the Head TFs if there are problems with your section.

§3. Advising

Aside from the intellectual component of the course, there is second, no less important, goal. This is to develop a fulfilling and supportive advising relationship between the students and their TF that will continue throughout the semester and (we hope) for the remainder of the student’s undergraduate career. Your TF will take the place of your sophomore adviser for this semester and will guide you through the process of choosing classes and discussing academic paths in the Government Department that will take you through the next five semesters. You should view your TF as your primary academic advisor for the duration of Government 97 and turn to them with any questions you have on this score. To facilitate the development of this relationship, we are mandating that you meet with your TF twice and there is a written Statement of Interests that we are requiring you submit as part of section participation.

 First meeting: by February 10th

 Statement of interest due March 1th, 5pm

 Second meeting between April 1st and April 13th Please note that these are the minimum number of meetings. We hope that you will have many more conversations with your TF through the course of the semester and develop a foundation for an advising relationship that can help you throughout your time at Harvard. At the end of the semester, your TF will cede formal advising duties to the Concentration Advisor in your house. We’ll allocate time at the end of the final section to introduce your concentration advisor.

§4. Weekly Schedule and Readings

I. What is Democracy and How Should We Go about Studying It? (Jan 28th)

Michael Rosen

 Adams, John. “Marchamont Nedham. The Right Constitution of a Commonwealth Examined.” In The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: with a Life of the Author, Notes and Illustrations, by his Grandson Charles Francis Adams. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1856. 10 volumes. Vol. 6. (Extracts).

 Burke, Edmund. “Speech to the Electors of Bristol.” In Select Works of Edmund Burke: A New Imprint of the Payne Edition. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1999. Vol. 4. Read from: “I am sorry I cannot conclude …” to the end. (Extracts).

 Dworkin, Ronald. Sovereign Virtue: the Theory and Practice of Equality, 184-203. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.

 Taylor, Charles. “Democratic Exclusion (and its Remedies?).” Eurozine, February 21, 2002. Available online: http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2002-02-21-taylor-en.html

 Walzer, Michael. “A Day in the Life of a Socialist Citizen.” In Radical Principles, 128-138. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1980.

 Hirschman, Albert. Exit, Voice and Loyalty. Cambridge, MA: Harvard U.P., 1970. Ch. 3, Voice, pp.30-43; Ch.4 A Special Difficulty in Combining Voice and Exit, pp.44-54; Ch.6 On Spatial Duopoly and the Dynamics of Two-Party Systems, pp.62-75.

† FIRST MEETING WITH TFs

II. Does “Modern Democracy” Still Count as Democracy? (Feb 4th)

Nancy Rosenblum

 Pericles. “Funeral Oration.” In The Peloponnesian War, Thuycidides Book 2.34-2.46. Available online: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pericles-funeralspeech.asp

 Aristotle. The Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Book I Ch. 1, 2,12; Book III Ch. 1, 7 to 13, 15; Book IV Ch. 1, 2, 6 to 8; Book V Ch. 1, 5.

 Constant, Benjamin. “The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns.” Speech at the Athénée Royal, Paris, 1819. Available online: http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=2251

 The Federalist Papers #10, 14, 39, 63. Available online: http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fedpapers.html

 de Tocqueville, Alexis. Democracy in America, 3-15; 149-54; 231-5. Edited by Harvey Mansfield and Delba Winthrop. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

* FIRST PAPER TOPIC DISTRIBUTED

III. Elections, Parties, and Accountability (Feb 11th)

James Alt

 Manin, Bernard. Principles of Representative Government, 70-79. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

 Schumpeter, Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 250-64; 269-73; 280-3. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1942.

 Duverger, Maurice. Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State, xxiii-xxxvii; 372-93. New York: Wiley & Sons, 1963.

 Shepsle, Kenneth. Analyzing Politics: Rationality, Behavior, and Institutions, 202-217. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010.

 Rosenstone, Steven and John Mark Hansen. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America, 11-37. New York: Longman, 2003.

 Downs, Anthony. “The Causes and Effects of Rational Abstention.” In An Economic Theory of Democracy, 260-274. New York: Harper, 1957.

 Bartels, Larry. “The Irrational Electorate.” The Wilson Quarterly 32, no. 4 (2008): 44-50.

(February 18th: No class – Presidents’ Day)

* FIRST PAPER DUE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22nd AT 5 P.M.

IV. Democracy, Rights and Courts (Feb 25th)

Eric Beerbohm

 Bickel, Alexander M. The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics, 16-33. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962.

 United States Constitution: Bill of Rights. Available online: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html

 Waldron, Jeremy. “The Core of the Case against Judicial Review.” Yale Law Journal 115, no.6 (2006): 1348-59; 1369-1401.

 de Tocqueville, Alexis. Democracy in America, 227-9. Edited by Harvey Mansfield and Delba Winthrop. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

 Wisconsin v. Yoder 406 U.S. 205 (1972). Available online: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/406/205

 Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith 494 U.S. 872 (1990). Scalia’s opinion, Parts I and IIA; O’Connor’s concurrence, Parts IIA and IIB. Available online: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/494/872

† 5 PM, Friday 1st“NEW CONCENTRATOR STATEMENT of INTERESTS”

V. Majorities and Minorities (March 4th)

Jennifer Hochschild and Kenneth Shepsle

 The Federalist Papers, #10. 8

Available online: http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_10.html

 Shepsle, Kenneth. Analyzing Politics Rationality, Behavior, and Institutions, 41-50; 53-61; 67-74; 85- 86; 191-202. New York: Norton, 2001.

 Riker, William. The Art of Political Manipulation, 78-88. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.

 Bianco, William. “Deciding How to Decide.” In American Politics: Strategy and Choice, 16-35. New York: Norton, 2001.

 Hochschild, Jennifer, Vesla Weaver, and Traci Burch. Creating a New Racial Order: How Immigration, Multiracialism, Genomics and the Young can remake Race in America, 113-138. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012.

¶ Cohen, Cathy. Democracy Remixed, 108-155. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

 Schneider, Jens et al. “Belonging.” In The Changing Face of World Cities: The Second Generation in Western Europe and the United States, edited by Maurice Crul and John Mollenkopf, 206-232. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2012.

VI. Capitalism, Democracy, and Welfare States (Mar 11th)

Peter Hall

 Friedman, Milton. “The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom.” In Capitalism and Freedom, 7-12. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

¶ Marshall, T. H. “Citizenship and Social Class.” In Class, Citizenship and Social Development, 71-134. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

 Lindblom, Charles. “The Market as Prison.” The Journal of Politics 44, no. 2 (1982): 324-36.

 Streeck, Wolfgang “The Crisis of Democratic Capitalism.” New Left Review 71 (2011): 5-29.

(March 18th: No class – Spring Break)

VII. Wealth, Income, and Democracy (Mar 25th)

James Robinson

 Lipset, Seymour Martin. “Some Social Requisites of Democracy.” American Political Science Review 53, no. 1 (1959): 69-105.

 Robinson, James “Economic Development and Democracy.” Annual Review of Political Science 9 (2006): 503-27.

 Rustow, Dankart. “Transitions to Democracy.” Comparative Politics 2, no. 3 (1970): 337-363.

 Dahl, Robert. “Democratization and Public Opposition.” In Polyarchy, 1-17. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.

* SECOND PAPER TOPIC DISTRIBUTED

VIII. What Causes "Democratic Revolutions" and Under What Conditions Do They Succeed? (Apr 1st)

Jorge Dominguez

 Kuran, Timur. “Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989.” World Politics 44, no. 1 (1991): 7-48.

 Way, Lucan “The Real Causes of the Color Revolutions.” Journal of Democracy 19, no. 3 (2008): 55-67.

 Weyland, Kurt. “The Diffusion of Revolution: '1848' in Europe and Latin America.” International Organization 63, no.3 (2009): 391-423.

What makes democratic revolutions “stick”?

 McFaul, Michael. “The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World.” World Politics 54, no.2 (2002): 212-244.

 Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, 66-88. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

 Kopstein, Jeffrey. “1989 as a Lens for the Communist Past and Postcommunist Future.” Contemporary European History 18, no. 3 (2009): 289-302.

IX. What is the Future of Democracy? (Apr 8th) 10

Tim Colton, Nahomi Ichino, Tarek Masoud and Meg Rithmire

 Perry, Elizabeth. “Chinese Conceptions of Rights: From Mencius to Mao to Now.” Perspectives on Politics 6, no. 1 (2008): 37-50.

 Diamond, Larry. “Why Are There No Arab Democracies?” Journal of Democracy 21, no. 1 (2010): 93-104.

 McFaul, Michael and Kathryn Stoner-Weiss. “The Myth of the Authoritarian Model.” Foreign Affairs 87 (2008): 68–84.

 Holmes, Stephen. “Fragments of a Defunct State.” London Review of Books 34, no. 1 (2012): 23- 25.

 Opalo, Kennedy Ochieng'. “African Elections: Two Divergent Trends.” Journal of Democracy 23, no. 3 (2012): 80-93.

* SECOND PAPER DUE FRIDAY, APRIL 12th AT 5 P.M

X. Does Democracy Prevent War? (Apr 15th)

Iain Johnston

 Doyle, Michael. “Liberalism and World Politics.” American Political Science Review 80, no. 4 (1986): 1151-69.

¶ Russett, Bruce. Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post Cold War World, 3-42. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. (Skim Chapter 1; read Chapter 2 for its hypotheses.)

 Gaubatz, Kurt. “Democratic States and Commitments in International Relations.” International Organization 50, no. 1 (1996): 109-139.

 Cederman, Lars-Erik. “Back to Kant: Reinterpreting the Democratic Peace as a Macrohistorical Learning Process.” American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (2001): 15-31.

 Rosato, Sebastian. “The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory.” American Political Science Review 97, no. 4 (2003): 585–602.

† SECOND INDIVIDUAL MEETING WITH TFs

XI. Global regimes and national democracies: friends or foes? (Apr 22nd)

Beth Simmons and Michael Hiscox

 Baron, David. “Private Politics.” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 12, no. 1 (2003): 31- 47.

 Vogel, David. “Private Global Business Regulation.” Annual Review of Political Science 11 (2008): 262-269.

 Bartley, Tim. “Certifying Forest and Factories.” Politics & Society 31, no. 3 (2003): 453-464.

 Moravcsik, Andrew, “Is there a 'Democratic Deficit' in World Politics? A Framework for Analysis.” Government and Opposition 39, no. 2 (2004): 336-363.

 Buchanan, Allen and Russell Powell. “Survey Article: Constitutional Democracy and the Rule of International Law: Are they Compatible?” The Journal of Political Philosophy 16, no. 3 (2008): 326- 349.

 Simmons, Beth. “Globalization, Sovereignty and Democracy: The Role of International Organizations in a Globalizing World.” In International perspectives on contemporary democracy: Democracy, free enterprise, and the rule of law edited by Peter F. Nardulli, 158-182. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008.

* THIRD PAPER TOPIC DISTRIBUTED

XII. April 29th: The Future of Political Science (more details will be announced during the course)

* THIRD PAPER DUE FRIDAY MAY 10th AT 5 P.M.