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Lowland Plants Draft Ontario’s Native Plant Catalogue June 9, 2020 Lowland Garden - water saturated soil for at least part of the year Often the more sun the more consistent moisture the plant requires, and vice versa. The second line of each Entry specifies by numbers the regions in which the plant is native: 1 - southwest Ontario from Windsor to Toronto and from Goderich to Niagara-on-the-Lake; includes London, Hamilton, Burlington, Oakville, Mississauga, Toronto. 2 - north of region 1 to region 3; includes Kitchener-Waterloo, Cambridge, Guelph, Barrie 3 - the Bruce Peninsula and around the south shore of Georgian Bay to/including Collingwood. 4 - regions York, Durham, and Northumberland. 5 - Prince Edward County and along the St. Lawrence River to the Québec border. 6 - from Lake Simcoe across to the Ottawa River; Kawartha Lakes, Peterborough, Ottawa. 7 - from Georgian Bay across to the Ottawa River, plus Manitoulin Island and up the coast of Georgian Bay to just past Sault Ste. Marie; Parry Sound,North Bay, Sudbury, Temagami. 8 - the far northeast; includes Cobalt, Timmins; Kapuskasing is on the western border. 9 - the far north central (north of Sault Ste. Marie); Hearst; Kapuskasing is on the east border. 10 - the far northwest; Rainy River, Lake of the Woods, Kenora, Thunder Bay, Lake Nipigon, Terrace Bay, Wawa. For the photos on website www.minnesotawildflowers.info, click on any photo to see all of them enlarged. For www.michiganflora.net, click on “All Images”. The complete catalogue with all Internet Links active (pointing to beautiful photographs) is available for free at www.frontyardrestoration.com. Permission is not required to quote from, print, or distribute free of charge (except to recover expenses) any part of this work, so long as the source is acknowledged: Ontario’s Native Plant Catalogue, © John Boydell; June 9, 2020. www.frontyardrestoration.com LL-1 Lowland Flowers Flowers Swamp Agrimony Small-flowered Agrimony, Many-flowered Groovebur, Harvest-Lice 1; Rare aigremoine parviflore, aigremoine à petites fleurs Agrimonia parviflora -meadows, swales, thickets, open woods (deciduous to mixed), forest edges; bottomlands, floodplains, edges of wetlands/marshes/swamps/streams/lakes, seeps, wet thickets; disturbed habitats, roadside ditches, fields. >Full Sun to Light Shade. Wet to soggy to average soil. Accepts gravelly to loamy to silty and calcareous. Deer resistant. >2.5-5’ A tall, sturdy, sticky spike that can make it up to 2.5’ is tall decorated with yellow, lovely blooms (mid- to late summer) that run up along it to the top. In the centre of each blossom is a nice crown of yellow stamens presented to the world by five widely splayed petals. The toothed edged, compound leaves are long and delicate enough to resemble the fronds of a fern, finely-fashioned and lush. Attracts small bees and other insects. Colony forming from fibrous roots with rhizomes. Rose family. http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/sw_agrimony.htm https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=2417 http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=217 https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/agrimonia/parviflora/ https://www.ct-botanical-society.org/Plants/view/15 Golden Alexanders Golden Meadowparsnip, zizia doré Zizia aurea 1 2 3 4 5; south 10 -stream/lake shores, floodplains, swampy edges/forests/glades, fens, sedge meadows, often with Tamarack & Poison Sumac; meadows, thickets, limestone glades, forest edges, forest glades, alvars, thinly wooded bluffs; disturbed habitats, fields, fencerows, roadsides, woodland trailsides, power-line clearings. >Part to Full Sun; tolerates to Light Shade. Wet to moist to average, acidic to neutral, sandy soil. The more sun the more moisture it prefers. Accepts rocky to sandy clay and juglone. Deer resistant. >2-3' Flat-topped clusters of lemon-yellow blooms (late spring) resembling those of Queen Anne’s Lace, but prettier, form halos above the plant. Long blooming. The resulting seed heads are eye-catching constellations of little dots floating in the air. Tooth-edged leaves are divided into three and then three again. The plant stalk is shiny and light green and has several flowering branches. A pollinator magnet. Feeds the larvae of the Black Swallowtail Butterfly. Will form colonies in wet meadows and open woods making it good for Restoration and Naturalizing. A short-lived perennial, but self-sows freely. The root system is described as either a taproot or a dense cluster of coarse, fibrous roots; it’s probably both. Carrot family. https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=151 http://www.scorpionfly.ca/plants/plantpages/zizia.html http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=218 http://www.prairiepollination.ca/plante-plant/zizia_dore-golden_alexander/ http://www.repertoirequebecnature.com/vasculaires/Zizia_aurea.html https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/zizia/aurea/ https://www.ct-botanical-society.org/Plants/view/709 https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/golden-alexanders http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/gld_alexanderx.htm https://www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org/pages/plants/goldenalexander.html LL-2 Lowland Flowers http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=g710 https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_ziau.pdf Canada Anemone Canada Windflower, Meadow Windflower, anémone du Canada all Anemonastrum canadense, Anemone canadensis -open moist low ground, swales, meadows, thickets, open woods, forest edges; floodplains, sandy shores, edges of streams/lakes, swampy areas, marshes; disturbed habitats, fields, clearings, road/ railroad sides, ditches. >Full to Part Sun. Rich, wet to moist, calcareous to neutral soil. Accepts average moisture, but becomes less aggressive; also accepts gravelly to light clayey, plus your average garden soil. >1-2' Showy, white blooms (late spring) with yellow centres are held above star-shaped leaves. Given enough moisture it will become aggressive via its rhizomatous root system to make it a great Ground Cover - a sea of white blossoms. Buttercup family. https://www.saskwildflower.ca/nat_Anemone-canadensis.html http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=222 https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/anemone/canadensis/ https://www.ct-botanical-society.org/Plants/view/30 https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/canada-anemone https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=2357 http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/mdw_anemone.html Purple-stemmed Angelica angélique pourpre Angelica atropurpurea 1 2 3 4 5 6, Manitoulin Island -floodplains, bottomlands, shores of streams/lakes, marshes, swamps, fens, seeps; meadows, fields, swales, ditches, open woods. >Full to Part Sun. Rich, aquatic to wet to moist, usually calcareous, soil. Moisture dependent. Accepts mildly acidic and sandy to clayey. >4-6’ Large (3-9” across), greenish-white, globular bloom-heads (through summer) on tall, sturdy but hollow, purplish stems. A spacious plant with lush foliage. Its height and large flower heads make it a stand out in your garden. A short, stout taproot. Carrot family. http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=474 https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/angelica/atropurpurea/ http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/Plants/view/33 https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/angelica http://michiganflora.net/images.aspx?id=106 http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/grt_angelica.html Calico Aster One-sided Aster, Farewell Summer, aster latériflore Symphyotrichum lateriflorum all; most of the population is south from Sault Ste. Marie -thickets, open woods (often Beech-Maple, Oak-Hickory; mixed woods; occasionally conifer), forest edges, glades, meadows, sloughs, ravines, alvars; floodplains, seeps, rocky/sandy stream/pond shores/ banks, swampy forests, fens; disturbed habitats, pastures, fields, fencerows, waste ground, road/railroad sides, clearings. >Light Shade to Full Sun. Rich, moist to dry, acidic to alkaline soil. The more sun the more consistent moisture it needs. Accepts sandy/rocky to clayey and juglone. Deer resistant. >2-3’ It’s like a low, airy shrub with its multiple, spreading branches. Copious dainty, blue to pink to white blooms (late summer well into fall) are scattered along just one side of each branch (lateriflorum). The blossom has a yellow centre disk that changes to a purplish-bronze colour as summer progresses. One www.frontyardrestoration.com LL-3 Lowland Flowers plant, sometimes even a solitary disk, will change colour to produce a calico effect. Its tiny seeds have little fluffs of hairs attached allowing them to float in the breeze for a bit. The leaves are long, fairly narrow (lance-shaped), and sometimes with finely toothed edges. I don’t know who named it Farewell Summer (actually it was the proudly gay New Brunswicker, Harold [Hal] Royall Hinds, 1939-2001), but what an emotionally laden name for a flower in Canada. A bee, butterfly, larvae, and bug magnet. One of the least aggressive of the Asters; clump to colony forming from small caudices with short rhizomes. Aster family. Three varieties are native to Ontario: angustifolium Narrow-leaved Calico Aster, aster à feuilles étroites; hirsuticaule Rough-stemmed Calico Aster, aster latériflore à tiges hirsutes; lateriflorum Calico Aster, aster latériflore. tenuipes is not native (Slender-stalked Calico Aster, aster à pédoncule mince). http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=6 http://www.labunix.uqam.ca/~fg/MyFlora/Asteraceae/Symphyotrichum/Lateriflorum/lateriflorum.e.shtml
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