Deep Space Gateway Science Workshop 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2063) 3048.pdf

RESEARCH POSSIBILITIES BEYOND DEEP SPACE GATEWAY. D. V. Smitherman1, D. H. Needham2, and R. Lewis3. 1NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, ED04 Advanced Concepts Office, Huntsville, AL 35812, [email protected], 2NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, ST13 Heliophysics & Planetary Science Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812, debra.m.hurwitz@nasa.gov, 3NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 455 Exploration Systems Project, [email protected].

Introduction: The early missions for the Space development that has the potential for opening the door Launch System (SLS) are planning to carry four crew to permanent habitation beyond Earth. members in the Orion spacecraft along with co- manifested habitat modules to assemble the Deep Space Gateway (DSG) in cis-lunar space. [1] The initial DSG modules will be limited in mass and volume but could be considered a stepping stone to even larger research facilities. Beyond the initial DSG manifest, SLS will have payload launch capabilities that could put in place large research facilities in a single launch as planned for the Deep Space Transport (DST). [2] This abstract explores those possibilities for larger research facilities at the DSG, using the same module design and basic layout planned for the Transport, to be implemented either before, after, or simultaneously with the Transport module production. The research facilities module envisioned for beyond the DSG timeframe is of the scale that can be flown in a payload configuration on SLS, up to 8.4m in diameter, and about 45mt. Numerous iterations of large Mars transport habitats have been designed in previous studies since the SLS derived habitat, or “Skylab II” study in 2013. [3,4,5] An initial concept for using this module as a research facility was devised in 2015. [6] Figure 1 shows one vehicle concept of the DSG with an Figure 2. Research Laboratory Layout: The attached large volume research module and an asteroid Main Deck of a 3-deck level layout is shown, retrieval vehicle. supporting the primary laboratory functions for materials and life sciences research.

The research facilities proposed at this early concept stage include the following from Figure 2 above: Materials and Geological Science: (assumes availability of lunar and asteroid materials for in-situ resource utilization development) 1. Workstation 1. Physical Sciences 2. Multi-purpose Glovebox 3. Research Lab 1. Scanning Electron Microscope 4. Research Lab 2. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer 5. Window and Sample Stowage 1. Freezer/Incubator for Geo samples 6. Research Lab 3. Raman/FTIR Spectrometer Figure 1. Deep Space Gateway with Large 7. Thermal/Vacuum Control System Volume Research Facility. Medical Research: (includes waste management facility with access to medical & life science stations) The interior layout for the Main Deck (Figure 2) 8. Workstation 2. Medical and Life Sciences proposes a wide variety of research facilities to support 9. Sample Stowage 2. Freezer/Incubator for Bio deep space science, engineering, and technology samples 1 Deep Space Gateway Science Workshop February 27 – March 1, 2018 Deep Space Gateway Science Workshop 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2063) 3048.pdf

Zoology Research: (space environments research on animal life forms) 10. Research Lab 4. Live Animal Quarters, including Glovebox & Cold Sample Storage Astronomy: 11. Window Observational Research Facility (WORF). Includes tele-workstation and portable equipment for additional viewing locations Physics: 12. Research Lab 5. Microgravity Lab Engineering Research: (includes waste water recycling development) 13. Clothing Maintenance Workstation. Includes washer & dryer facilities 14. Stowage and Waste Water Management. Figure 3. SLS-Derived Habitat Mockup: Layout Supports washer and shower facility is suitable for both a deep space laboratory and a Mars 15. Shower. Integrated with waste & hygiene area transit habitat configuration, (NASA, MSFC, Bldg. Additional features not shown include research 4649). facilities on the Upper and Lower Decks: Lower Deck: Includes Workstations 3 & 4 for References: maintenance, 3D printer equipment, and printer [1] Smitherman D., “Space Launch System Co- materials processing. Manifested Payload Options for Habitation,” AIAA Space Upper Deck: Includes Research Lab 6 for a Plant 2015 Conference and Exposition, AIAA 2015-4516, Pasadena, CA, 2015. Growth Chamber and a Life Sciences Glovebox [2] Smitherman D., Polsgrove T., Rowe J. and Simon M., (Botany). “Safe Haven Configurations for Deep Space Transit Habitats,” Work has been in progress for several years on a AIAA Space 2017 Conference and Exposition, AIAA 2017- mockup of the SLS-derived habitat at the Marshall 5285, Orlando, FL, 2017. Space Flight Center (Figure 3). The layout shown in [3] Griffin B., Smitherman D. and Howe S., “Internal Figure 2 can be the same as a habitat for Mars transit Layout for a Cis-Lunar Habitat,” AIAA Space 2013 missions by utilizing stowage along the exterior walls Conference and Exposition, AIAA 2013-5433, San Diego, CA, 2013. in place of the extensive laboratory equipment shown. [4] Smitherman D. and Griffin B., “Habitation Concepts Research possibilities for the facilities described for Deep Space Exploration,” AIAA Space 2014 Conference include development and test of materials processing and Exposition, AIAA 2014-4477, San Diego, CA, 2014. systems from lunar and asteroid materials, medical [5] Smitherman D., “Habitation Concepts for Human research on the effects of the microgravity and radiation Missions Beyond Low-Earth-Orbit,” AIAA Space 2016 environment of deep space, food production systems Conference and Exposition, AIAA 2016-5216, Long Beach, development, and habitation systems research and CA, 2016. [6] Griffin B., Lewis R., Eppler D. and Smitherman D., development. In addition, this facility could provide a “SLS-Derived Lab: Precursor to Deep Space Human platform for demonstration of long duration missions in Exploration,” AIAA Space 2015 Conference and Exposition, preparation for future Mars transits, which includes AIAA 2015-4453, Pasadena, CA, 2015. habitat demonstrations for four to six crew for missions of 1000 or more days.

2 Deep Space Gateway Science Workshop February 27 – March 1, 2018