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I ESTAÇÕES ESPACIAIS: -' PASSADOR PRESÈ^TE F-Êuturóg i ESTAÇÕES ESPACIAIS: -' PASSADOR PRESÈ^TE f-ÊUTURóG ' : • ENTREVISTA:MYLENAPEIXOTOC ATIVIDADESNA ESTAÇÃO ESPACIAL INTERNACIONALC AGENDADOSLANÇAMENTOSESPACIAISQ • # AstroNova .N .1 3 : 2011 flstro Novo Rqgério, que é biólogo, desenvolve réplicas de crânios de nossps ancestrais.' E usa na gala de aula! EXPEDIENTE EDITORIAL Nesta edição veremos tudo Editores: sobre os eclipse solares. Dois Nesta edição a AstroNova deles ocorrerão este ano, Maico A. Zorzan inicia sua terceira volta em " começando pelo mês de - [email protected] torno do Sol. É com alegria, e fevereiro. Mesmo sepdo ao mesmo tempo com a- parciais do Brasil, o ■ Wilson Guerra consciência de‘que muito f.»,* fenômeno continua [email protected] ainda precisa melhorar, que belíssimo. Vi um fenômeno * iniciamos o- ano nesta edição deste "a long time ago", em Redatores: de aniversário. 1993. Escrevo esta matéria, e Rafael Junior Hoje começaremos nosso , "ansiedade define" a espera [email protected] Tour pelo Sistema Solar . pelos eclipses de 2017! conhecendo um pouco das Também contibuo nésta Wilson Guerra "luas" de Marte. Deimos e edição com uma tomada . ' [email protected] Fobos não sãocomó as luas geral sobre Estações' - tradicionais.Mascomo . Espaciais;. Estes iaborat-órios. Rogério C. Souza veremos, tem seus charmes do espaço, que levarão a [email protected] peculiares. humanidade a fixar-se no Arte e Diagramação: Nesta edição veremos espaço cósmico, tem uma também como se ■ história-gloriosano passado, de sucesso no presente e . Wilson Guerra desenvolveu a Missão Venera, [email protected] a primeira e bem sucedida ' promissora no futuro. exploração robótica Iniciamos, como de - Astrofotos: interplanetária que começou constume, com os resumos Carlos Domingues a desvendar os segredos do astronáuticos da Estação Augusto César Araújo infernãl planeta Vênus. Espacial Internacional (ISS) e Rafael Cândido nos conduz a dos principais lançamentos . esta aventura. orbitais do trimestre. Na primeira colaboração do Desejamos um.ótmo começo professor Rogério Souza, • de 2017 e uma merecida boa trataremos de uma aplicação leitura a todos! * C a p a : Nebulosa N159na Grande Nuvem didática no Ensino Médio ■ Wilson Guerra de Magalhães, a 180.000 anos-luz importante na formação GCAA de distância do centro da Via Láctea. científica de qualquer Fonte: APOD NASA cidadão: A Evolução Humana. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170128.html SUMARIO ASTRO flno 4 I Cdição n° 13 I 2017 I© « Tour pelo Sistema Solar DEIMOS e F0B0S: as luas de Marte . 07 © PROGRAMA ESPACIAL "VENERA" A pioneira exploração planetária ............................... n pC * ECLIPSES SOLARES » Porque ocorrem e como observá-los . 23 EVOLUÇÃO HUMANA NO ENSINO MEDIO Uma proposta de prática pedagógica essencial............................. ■ ? 1 C ESTAÇÕES ESPACIAIS Passado, presente efuturo . 35 © ENTREVISTA: Mylena Peixoto A garota que descobriu 5 asteroides e ganhou uma viagem para a NASA . 53 Principais Lançamentos do Trimestre J rJ5 y ^ c S su ^ -, /J p í)\ -3 v. / / a <L = «v. ^ riso-*—.oC J í I RUSSIA Foguete: SOYUZ (Roscosmos) Foguete: SOYUZ (Roscosmos) Carga: Kanopus-V-IK(sat. infravermelho) Expedição 50S para a Zond (pesquisa solar) e pequenos satélites Estação Espacial Internacional Local: Cosmódromo de Baikonur Local: Cosmódromo de Baikonur Data: março/2017 Data: 27/03/2017 Foguete: ARIANE5 Foguete: SOUYZ2-1b Carga: Intelsat 32e/Sky Brasil 1 & Telkom 3S Carga: SES 15 satélite de satélites de comunicação, TV e internet comunicação (Luxemburgo] Local: Base de Kourou Local: Base de Kourou Data: 14/02/2017 Data: 04/04/2017 Foguete: PSLV(ISRO) Foguete: GSLVMk.3(ISRO) Carga: Cartosat 2D, satélite de observação Carga: GSAT 9, satélite da Terra & conjunto de nanossatélites de comunicação Local: Base de Sriharikota Local: Base de Sriharikota Data: 14-15/02/2017 Data: março/2017 ESTADOS UNIDOS Foguete: Falcon 9 Foguete: Atlas 5 Carga: satélite de comunicação Carga: cargueiro Cygnus com E c h o S ta r2 3 mantimentos e equipamentos para ISS Local: Centro Espacial Kennedy Local: Centro Espacial Kennedy Data: 28/02/2017 Data: 05/03/2017 Foguete: Longa Marcha 2D Foguete: Longa Marcha 7 Carga: HXMT, telescópio Carga: Tianzhou-1,nave cargueira com espacial em Raios-X combustível para estação Tiangong2 Local: base de Jiuquan Local: Base de Wenchang Data: abril/2017 Data: abril/2017 SISTEMA SOLAR tb' Da Nasa espaçonave, era uma cratera Fobos é um pouco maior que de 10 quilômetros de Deimos e orbita a apenas Asaph Hall estava pronto diâmetro - mais ou menos a 6.000 quilômetros da para desistir de sua metade do diâmetro da lua superfície marciana. Não se frustrante busca por uma em questão. A cratera foi conhece qualquer outra lua lua de Marte, certa noite de batizada com o nome de que tenha órbita tão agosto em 1877, quando sua solteira de Angelina - próxima ao seu planeta. O mulher Angelina insistiu em Stickney. satélite circunda Marte três que ele continuasse. Ele vezes por dia, enquanto descobriu Deimos na noite Hall batizou as luas com os Deimos, mais distante, leva seguinte, e Fobos seis dias nomes mitólogicos dos 30 horas para completar mais tarde. filhos de Áries, o deus grego uma órbita. Fobos está conhecido como Marte entre gradualmente aproximando Noventa e quatro anos mais os romanos. Fobos significa sua órbita da superfície, em tarde, a sonda Mariner 9 da medo ou Pânico (como em cerca de 1,8 metro por Administração Nacional da "fobia") e Deimos significa século. Dentro de 50 Aeronáutica e Espaço (Nasa) fuga (por exemplo, depois de milhões de anos, a lua dos Estados Unidos uma derrota devastadora). colidirá com o planeta, ou se conseguiu observar de Nomes muito apropriados estilhaçará e formará um maneira muito mais clara as para os filhos do deus da anel de fragmentos em duas luas, quando estava guerra. torno de Marte orbitando o planeta Marte. A característica dominante de As luas de Marte estão entre Para alguém posicionado em Fobos, descobriu a as menores do Sistema Solar. 07 nstroNova.N.13.2017 Deimos Superfície mais escura Mede 15km x12km x11km Possui uma gravidade muito baixa. Fobos, na face da lua que podem ser asteróides em geral têm diâmetro contempla Marte, o planeta capturados. inferior a2,5 quilômetros, e ocuparia grande parte do não apresentam as estrias e céu. E pode ser que seres Fobos tem apenas um as cristas vistas em Fobos. humanos um dia o façam. milésimo da atração Tipicamente, quando um Os cientistas discutiram a gravitacional terrestre. Uma meteorito atinge a possibilidade de usar uma pessoa de 68 quilos pesaria superfície, material das luas marcianas como 68 gramas, lá. Mas a depositado lá é expelido uma base a partir da qual espaçonave Mars Global para fora da cratera astronautas possam Surveyor, da Nasa, mostrou resultante. O material em observar o planeta vermelho indícios de deslizamentos de geral cai de volta em torno e lançar robôs para sua terra, rochedos e poeira que da cratera. Mas esses superfície, enquanto teriam caído de volta na depósitos de ejeção não são quilômetros de rochas os superfície depois de serem vistos em Deimos, talvez protegem contra os raios arrancados da lua por porque a gravidade da lua cósmicos e a radiação solar meteoritos. seja tão baixa que o material por praticamente dois terços ejetado consegue escapar de cada órbita. Deimos para o espaço. Mas há indicações de que certos Batizada em homenagem ao Como a Lua terrestre, Fobos materiais tenham deslizado deus romano do medo, e Deimos sempre encosta abaixo. Deimos Deimos é a menor das duas apresentam a mesma face ao conta também com um luas marcianas. Com apenas seu planeta. Ambas são espesso regolito, com talvez 15 por 12 por 11 quilômetros recobertas de caroços, 100 metros de profundidade, de tamanho, Deimos crateras e camadas de poeira formado quando meteoritos circunda Marte a cada 30 e pedras soltas. Estão entre pulverizados golpearam sua horas. os objetos mais escuros do superfície. Sistema Solar. As luas Como Fobos, Deimos tem parecem ser compostas de Deimos é um corpo escuro um aspecto rugoso e muitas rochas ricas em carbono que parece ser composto de crateras. Mas as crateras lá misturadas com gelo, e materiais de superfície do 08 Maior lua de Marte Mede 27km x 22km x 18km Possui uma grande cratera de impacto tipo C, semelhantes ao dos planeta dentre de 50 Medições nos lados diurno e asteróides encontrados no milhões de anos, ou se noturno de Fobos mostram cinturão de asteróides romper em um anel de extremos de temperatura, e externo. fragmentos. Sua marca o lado ensolarado da lua se característica é a cratera assemelha a um dia de Fobos Stickney, de 10 quilômetros inverno ameno em Chicago, de diâmetro. O impacto enquanto a alguns Fobos, a maior das luas causou enrugamento de quilômetros de distância, no marcianas, marcada e quase toda a superfície da lua. A lado escuro, o clima é mais dilacerada por uma imensa cratera foi avistada pela severo que o de uma noite cratera de impacto e por Mars Global Surveyor e está antártica. As temperaturas milhares de impactos de cheia de uma poeira fina, mais altas em Fobos são de meteoritos, está em curso de com indícios de que rochas menos quatro graus, e as colisão com o planeta. deslizaram por suas mais baixas de menos 112. encostas abaixo. Essa intensa perda de calor é Fobos, batizada em honra de provavelmente resultado da um mensageiro do deus da Fobos e Deimos parecem ser poeira fina na superfície do guerra romano, é a maior compostas de rochas tipo C, planeta, incapaz de reter o das duas luas marcianas, semelhantes aos asteróides calor. medindo 27 por 22 por 18 de condritos carbonáceos. As quilômetros. O satélite observações da Mars Global Fobos não tem atmosfera. circunda Marte três vezes Surveyor indicam que a Pode ser um asteróide por dia, e está tão perto da superfície desse pequeno capturado, mas alguns superfície do planeta que corpo celeste foi pulverizada cientistas encontraram não pode ser visto, de alguns por eras de impacto de indícios contrários a essa locais marcianos.
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