ACTIVITIES Hidden Now Heard - the Invisible People of Old Sarum Activity Bags for KS2-3

ENGLISH HERITAGE ACTIVITIES Hidden Now Heard - the invisible people of Old Sarum Activity bags for KS2-3

The Hidden Now Heard activity bags are aimed at KS2-3 groups visiting Old Sarum. The following notes summarise ways in which the bags can be used.

Contents: How to use the bags………………..page1 Character timeline………………….page 7 Questionnaire………………………page 8 Photo plan…………………………..page 9 Character cards……………..……....page 10

History is the story of people and how individually or collectively they have shaped and changed the world around them.

The Hidden Now Heard bags focus on 15 unique individuals who all had some part, either big or small, to play in the story of the site’s 4,100-year history.

The core message of the resource is:

“The story of Old Sarum is of the people who were the dwellers, visitors, makers and history shapers”.

Through using the bags children will understand what changes have occurred at Old Sarum, who was involved, how people interacted with this place and what work they did.

The bags offer opportunities to explore historical objects and understand them in context of both chronology and place, starting from the Iron Age and ending in the present.

1 ENGLISH HERITAGE ACTIVITIES Hidden Now Heard - the invisible people of Old Sarum Activity bags for KS2-3

The Hidden Now Heard bags will encourage learners to:

• Explore features, investigate artefacts and discuss the history of Old Sarum • Investigate how one site has changed over 4,100 years • Organise and communicate historical information • Share and present what they have learned using drama and/or writing • Develop their own views about historical events and people • Think critically about historical evidence and how to present it • Understand historical events and places from different viewpoints • Think about how history is interpreted and represented • Understand different lifestyles in the past, specifically rich and poor

There are 15 different bags, each containing information about a different character. Each character provides a snapshot of what was happening at the time they were at Old Sarum and how they fit in to the story of the site.

Each bag contains: • a photo plan • a character card • an activity folder and • handling objects

The bags cover three main periods: • Early: Iron Age to Vikings, 120BC-1003AD • Middle: Medieval, 1086-1260 • Modern: Victorian to the 21st century, 1830-2008

Each period is colour-coded. If your visit focuses on a specific curriculum area, you may wish to use just one period covered by the bags.

Green bags: Early (Iron Age to Vikings, 120BC-1003AD) 1. Annan - an Iron Age girl 120 BC 2. Lucia - a Roman woman 215 AD 3. Aelfred - Anglo-Saxon money maker 1002 4. King Sweyn Forkbeard - Viking king of Denmark 1003

Black bags: Middle (Medieval, 1086-1260) 1. King William I - the Norman king 1086 2. William of Eu - prisoner 1096 3. Baldwin - stonemason 1100 4. Bishop Roger - bishop 1102 5. Robert - guard 1160 6. Queen Eleanor - wife of Henry II 1170 7. John – gong farmer 1260

2 ENGLISH HERITAGE ACTIVITIES Hidden Now Heard - the invisible people of Old Sarum Activity bags for KS2-3

Purple bags: Modern (Victorian to the 21st century, 1830-2008) 1. John Constable - artist 1830 2. William Hawley - archaeologist 1909 3. Elsie - ATS (Auxiliary Territorial Service) 1944 4. Susan - wildlife surveyor 2008

Note. Little is known about the site from its demise in the Middle Ages to the 19th century, therefore characters are absent from this period.

The bags encourage investigation of important features of the site, such as the Iron Age earthworks and the remains of the medieval castle and cathedral.

The bags explore two main areas of the site, these are:

• Outer bailey. This includes the remains of the old cathedral and the banks and ditches of the Iron Age hill fort. Early and modern periods are explored in the outer bailey area.

• Inner bailey. This includes the main castle buildings such as the keep, motte and courtyard house. This is the area over the bridge and up beyond the visitor centre. The middle period is explored in the inner bailey.

Please refer to the teacher’s photo plan on page 9 for the location of each bag.

Using the bags

We recommend that teachers provide students with a brief orientation and introduction to the site before using the bags. This might entail: • a quick visit to the two main areas, the inner and outer baileys • observing the whole site from the highest point, the keep • using some of the starter activities in the Activities pages of the Old Sarum Teacher’s Kit, available at http://www.english- heritage.org.uk/content/publications/publicationsNew/education/old-sarum-teachers-kit/old- sarum-tk.pdf

Before handing out bags to your students, spend a short time going through these teacher’s notes and the photo plan on page 9. Briefly explain to your group what they will find in each bag: a photo plan showing the location of the character, an illustrated character card, an activity folder, coloured pouches and handling items. Use one bag to demonstrate this.

Please reinforce that pupils need to take care when handling items. They are to only handle small items over the groundsheets to avoid dropping or losing items in the grass. Students will also need to pack the contents of the bag away when they have finished using it.

The bags can be used in a number of different ways. We offer some suggestions below.

3 ENGLISH HERITAGE ACTIVITIES Hidden Now Heard - the invisible people of Old Sarum Activity bags for KS2-3

Option 1: Presenting the past Duration: 60-75 minutes, including about 25 minutes for groups to find the character locations and work through activities.

1. The bags can be used in groups of two to three children, depending on class size.

2. There is a photo plan and instructions in each bag. Ask children to take out the photo plan and go and find their character’s location. Help and assistance may need to be given during this stage.

3. Once each group has found their character’s location, they then read through the character and activity cards, and use the costume items or handling objects to work through the activities.

4. Students can use the questionnaire on page 8 to help them think about the most important aspects of the character and the site, during the time their character was there. The questionnaire can be completed jointly by each group or individually. Please note that you will need to print your own copies of the questionnaire as copies are not available at Old Sarum. Note. Some children might not understand what Twitter is. Either it can be omitted from the questionnaire or a quick explanation can be provided.

5. After each group has fully explored the character, location and activities, gather the whole group together by the castle keep (or, if windy, at the remains of the vestry by the old cathedral in the outer bailey). This is marked on the teacher’s photo plan.

6. Each group then presents to the rest of the class what they have learnt about their person and the site in one to two minutes. This could be in the form of a small drama or re-enactment. You may wish to give students 5-10 minutes to prepare their presentations. Children can show objects found in the bags during their presentations.

7. Groups can present their characters in chronological order. Refer to the timeline on page 7, which lists the characters in chronological order.

8. Encourage the rest of the class to ask questions such as: • What was happening at Old Sarum when your character was there? • What secret does the person know? • Why is the site important to that person? • What’s the best thing about the person’s life? • Would you like to be that character and if so, why? • Why is it important to learn about these people?

9. If you have time, groups can explore more than one bag.

10. Please pack away the bags and return all items to their bags. If anything is missing or damaged please tell a member of staff.

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Option 2: Time trail Duration: 60-70 minutes

Pupils become the guides to the site, helping their peers understand the physical features and stories of the site. Teachers can use a smaller number of bags if they wish. For example, a class of 30 pupils could work with the medieval bags or a collection of eight to ten bags that cover all periods.

1. Carry out Steps 1-4 as in Option 1.

2. After each group has spent some time exploring their characters and carrying out their activities, the whole class meets up at a pre-arranged location.

3. The whole group then walks the site, stopping at the various character locations.

4. Each group takes it in turn to present the information relating to their character and their location to the rest of the class.

5. When all character locations have been visited, students can line up in chronological order.

6. Please pack away the bags and return all items to their bags. If anything is missing or damaged please tell a member of staff.

Variation: dynamic timeline The trail is walked as above, but in chronological order to create a dynamic time line.

Option 3: Change, contrasts and comparisons Duration: 60-70 minutes

1. Select 12 bags (four early, four middle and four modern) 2. Divide the class into four groups. Each group will have a teacher or adult helper. Explain that each group will work with three bags, one from each period. 3. Each of the four groups explores three bags together, finding the character locations and working through activities with one another. 4. Encourage children to ask and answer questions about any changes, contrasts and comparisons, such as: • What changes have occurred at Old Sarum? • What are the biggest differences between the three people? • Are there any similarities between how the people lived? • What’s your favourite object? • What’s the best secret you’ve heard?

5. After each group has completed the three bags, groups can then meet back together at an agreed meeting point. Groups can then share what they have discovered. 6. Please pack away the bags and return all items to their bags. If anything is missing or damaged please tell a member of staff.

5 ENGLISH HERITAGE ACTIVITIES Hidden Now Heard - the invisible people of Old Sarum Activity bags for KS2-3

Ideas for follow-up work back in the classroom

Timeline • Create a timeline in the classroom and ask students to locate their character on the timeline. A timeline of events at Old Sarum is available in the History pages of the Old Sarum Teacher’s Kit http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/content/publications/publicationsNew/education/old-sarum- teachers-kit/old-sarum-tk.pdf • Students can display photos they took during their visit or create portraits of their character to add to the timeline. • Invite students to examine and discuss what changes have taken place over time. You could provide reconstruction drawings of what Old Sarum might have looked like in the past and aerial photographs or maps of the site today to help students. Reconstruction drawings and photographs are available in the Images pages of the Old Sarum Teacher’s Kit or on Heritage Explorer www.heritage-explorer.org.uk

Compare and contrast • Pupils work in small groups to compare and contrast two different characters. You can allocate characters to each group or let students choose. • Encourage pupils to think about a range of factors that could include: work, health, life style, domestic arrangements and politics. • Recommended contrasting characters to stimulate discussion are: o Gong farmer - Bishop o Iron Age girl - Roman lady o Guard - King William o Archaeologist – Wildlife Surveyor o Artist - Stonemason o WWII ATS woman - Queen Eleanor

Story-making Use the character cards to inspire creative writing. • Pupils can choose three or four characters to write a time travel inspired story. The story can explore how the different characters would interact with each other. • Ask students to put themselves in the shoes of a character and write a diary entry or a letter to a friend or relative. • Pupils can write a story about one of the characters, expanding on the information found on the interview cards and any additional research.

6 ENGLISH HERITAGE ACTIVITIES Hidden Now Heard - the invisible people of Old Sarum Activity bags for KS2-3

Timeline of characters

Character Time period and date Activity

Annan Iron Age, 120 BC Earthmovers

Lucia Roman, 215 AD Roaming Romans

Aelfred Anglo Saxon, 1002 Royal moneymakers

King Sweyn Viking, 1003 Viking vandals

King William Medieval, 1086 The fiendish Feudal system

William of Eu Medieval, 1096 Trial by battle

Baldwin Medieval, 1100 Mason’s marks - makers in stone

Bishop Roger Medieval, 1102 Man of money, man of God

Robert Medieval, 1160 Wicked weapons

Queen Eleanor Medieval, 1170 An imprisoned queen

John Medieval, 1260 Foul facts - life in a castle

John Constable Victorian, 1830 Artists in nature

William Hawley Edwardian, 1909 Digging up the dead

Elsie Smith World War Two, 1944 Women’s war

Susan 21st Century, 2008 Human history to natural history

7 ENGLISH HERITAGE ACTIVITIES Hidden Now Heard - the invisible people of Old Sarum Activity bags for KS2-3

Questionnaire

Name of character

......

What’s the most interesting thing about this person’s life?

......

What changes happened at Old Sarum or England during the time this person was here?

......

Why was this place important to this person?

......

How would you feel if you were this person?

......

If this person used Twitter, what would they tweet?

......

8 William Hawley's location William of Eu's location King Sweyn's location The vestry

Aelfred's location Bishop Roger's location Robert's location

Annan's location

King William's location John's location

Eleanor's location

Susan's location

Baldwin's location

John Constable's location

Lucia's location

Elsie's location

Character locations Early. 120 B.C - 1003 A.D Middle. 1086-1260 Late. 1830-2008 Job What’s a job?

When were you here? 2,200 years ago. A time you call the Annan Iron Age.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I’m 13 and live with my father as my mother has died. I help look after our animals - cows, sheep and pigs. I also cook and keep our roundhouse clean. Our home is in the hillfort and we belong to the tribe called the Belgae.

What's the best thing about your life? Although I have to work hard, I like to sit by the ﬁre and hear stories and play games.

What's your favourite food? I love ﬁsh and fruit like blackberries when they are ripe in the autumn.

What are you most afraid of? The tribe called the Atrebates! They live nearby and we don’t always get on with them. Sometimes they try to attack us but we are well protected by our bank and ditch defences.

What’s your most treasured possession? My puppy called Esca. It's our word meaning river. He loves swimming in the river down below the hill.

Tell us a secret? I found a gold coin. Job How dare you! I’m a lady! I don’t work. Lucia When were you here? 215 AD.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I’m the wife of a wealthy trader from Greece. He sells wine from France and Italy to the rich Roman citizens here in Britannia. We’ve stayed the night in a local Inn, as we are travelling on the Roman road from Durnovaria (Dorchester) to Londonium (London). I have been to the Roman temple here at Sorviodunum (Old Sarum) to make an offering to the gods and pray for a safe journey.

What's the best thing about your life? I’m very rich and live in a large house called a villa. My life is very comfortable and I have many good friends.

What's your favourite food? Poached snails, oysters and roast deer in plum sauce.

What are you most afraid of? Roadside robbers.

What’s your most treasured possession? My jewellery. Tell us a secret I have two false teeth made out of ivory. Job Moneyer. When were you here? Aelfred 1000 years ago in what you call the Anglo-Saxon times.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I'm called a moneyer or a maker of money. I work with gold and silver to create coins showing the head of our king called Ethelred. We are making coins here at Old Sarum because Viking warriors attacked our usual workshop or mint at Wilton a few miles away. It's much safer here.

What's the best thing about your life? I get well paid and I am trusted by the king.

What's your favourite food? Roast beef and a honey drink called mead.

What are you most afraid of? Vikings! We are afraid they will come back to attack us and steal our coins, precious gold and silver metals.

What’s your most treasured possession? I have a sword sheath studded with gems. Tell us a secret I like to tell riddles. What belongs to you, but is used

more by other people? Riddle answer. Your name! Your answer. Riddle Job Sweyn King of Denmark. When were you here? Forkbeard 1003.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I stayed here for a short while after my successful attack on some Anglo- Saxon towns and villages. I’m the Viking King of Denmark and I really want to be King of England too.

What's the best thing about your life? Being King of Denmark has its challenges, but I’m powerful, rich and respected by my men. Nights in the long house, drinking ﬁne ale and hearing tales of my battles by the crackling ﬁre are pretty good.

What's your favourite food? Roast salmon, roast wild boar (pig) and whale (not whole). What are you most afraid of? I’m not afraid of any mortal man, they’re more afraid of me! But I don’t want to upset the gods like Thor or Odin.

What’s your most treasured possession? My sword called Leg Biter.

Tell us a secret? I’m going to be King of England and no one will stop me. Job Conquerer or King of England. King William When were you here? I had my longest stay here in 'The Conquerer' August 1086.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I became King of England in 1066 after King Harold was killed at the Battle of Hastings. In 1086, I summoned all my chief knights or barons here to swear an oath to my face that they would support me as King. I gave them lots of land, but in return I expected loyalty.

What's the best thing about your life? I’m King! I’m powerful, rich and my enemies are scared of me - what's not to like?

What's your favourite food? A roasted wild boar’s (pig) head.

What are you most afraid of? God.

What’s your most treasured possession? My crown.

Tell us a secret. I struggle with being overweight and sometimes diet by drinking nothing but wine. Job Fighting knight.

When were you here? William 1096. Of Eu Why were you here at Old Sarum? I was part of a rebellion against King William II. Unfortunately I was captured and brought to Old Sarum. I was then given a trial by battle where I fought against Geoffrey Baynard, the King’s man, but I lost. I was found guilty of involvement in the rebellion. My legs were shackled together and I had my eyes plucked out. This wound proved fatal.

What's the best thing about your life? I was once a rich powerful knight with castles in France, but now not much is good.

What's your favourite food? I always enjoyed duck and rabbit.

What are you most afraid of? Geoffery Baynard.

What’s your most treasured possession? Probably my eyes before they were removed! Tell us a secret. I hated King William and wanted someone else on the throne. Job Stonemason.

When were you here? Baldwin I was here from about 1100-10.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I’m a stone mason. I work with stone, cutting and shaping it. I'm part of a team of masons helping to build a new stone castle to replace the wooden one which has been here some 30 years.

What's the best thing about your life? I’m a well paid and respected craftsman. My work is highly skilled, and without people like me, castles, churches and cathedrals wouldn’t get built.

What's your favourite food? I eat anything!

What are you most afraid of? I’m always careful that a block of stone doesn’t land on my foot!

What’s your most treasured possession? My stone carving tools, chisels and mallets. Tell us a secret. I've sworn a special mason's oath to keep secret many stone carving techniques and to always help my fellow masons if they are in trouble. Job Bishop Bishop. Roger When were you here? 1102-39.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? A bishop's main place of work is a cathedral. I decided that the first cathedral built at Old Sarum between 1075 and 1091 was far too small, so I had a bigger one built. I also had a grand palace made where I could live.

What's the best thing about your life? I live in great comfort. I’m extremely rich, privileged and get what I want. I’m second in command to the king and when he’s away from England, I’m in control. I own land and had several castles built in southern England and Wales.

What's your favourite food? Oysters, roast deer and fine French wine. My favourite dish is Leche Lombard, which has pork, eggs, pepper, cloves, currants and dates all boiled in a pig's bladder - lovely!

What are you most afraid of? Only God.

What’s your most treasured possession My prayer book.

Tell us a secret. I had no education at all when I was a boy. Job Guard. When were you here? Robert Sometime in 1160s.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? My job is to protect the castle from attackers. I use a crossbow and sometimes a bow. I work with other soldiers and take it in turns to keep watch for friends or foes who approach the castle.

What's the best thing about your life? Not much really! The work is boring and dull most of the time, but i’m a great shot with the crossbow, though.

What's your favourite food? Roast deer, beef, good ale and bread.

What are you most afraid of? Being found sleeping on watch - I’d get hung!

What’s your most treasured possession? Most definitely my crossbow. As soldiers, we have to buy our own equipment and weapons, so we need to look after them. Tell us a secret. I have a silver badge of St George - the patron saint of soldiers. Job Eleanor Queen of England. When were you here? of Aquitaine 1170s.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I was held captive here by my husband, King Henry II. I didn’t agree with the way he ruled. I wanted one of my sons, either John, Richard or Henry, to be king instead. I was imprisoned both here and at Winchester Castle for a period of 16 years.

What's the best thing about your life? I am an extremely powerful and wealthy woman and live in great luxury, despite being imprisoned in the castle.

What's your favourite food? Mortrews (chicken and pork in breadcrumbs) and boiled venison (deer) in almond milk, onions, rice flour and wine.

What are you most afraid of? That none of my sons will become King of England.

What’s your most treasured possession? My intelligence - I will not let Henry get the better of me. Tell us a secret. I learnt how to hunt with hawks and was a very good horse rider. Job Gong farmer or poo remover.

When were you here? 1260-70. John

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I’m called a gong farmer or dung/poo farmer. I have to remove all the poo from the deep toilet or latrine pits in the castle. I have a rope tied round my waist and get lowered down into the pit to dig out all the horrid mess. I have to work at night while people are asleep, so I don’t get someone going to the loo when I’m in the pit.

What's the best thing about your life? Not a lot really! My work is smelly and unpleasant, but I get to work in a castle.

What's your favourite food? Roast beef, chicken and whatever leftovers I can get from the castle kitchens.

What are you most afraid of? The rope breaking!

What’s your most treasured possession? See my secret. Tell us a secret. I once found a gold ring in the latrine pit. I’ve kept it and will sell it when I need some money. John Constable

Job. Artist.

When were you here? 1829.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I paint landscapes and particularly enjoy painting old castles and other places that were once important. I came to Old Sarum because of the ruined castle here and when I visited, it was very overgrown and full of grazing sheep.

What's the best thing about your life? I’m a well paid artist and travel all over Britain painting amazing places.

What's your favourite food? A tankard of ale and a plate of cold roast beef for breakfast - best way to start the day!

What are you most afraid of? Rain!

What’s your most treasured possession? My brushes and paints. Tell us a secret. I know a few special ways to mix and use oil paint, which others don't know about. William Hawley Job. Archaeologist.

When were you here? 1909-19.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I was in charge of a huge archaeological investigation of the site. We had to remove about three metres of earth to get to the remaining stones of the castle and cathedral.

What's the best thing about your life? I’ve been digging up exciting things for years. I can’t think of another job I’d rather do.

What's your favourite food? Stuffed whole salmon and plum pudding.

What are you most afraid of? Some people think by digging up bones, I’ll be haunted by ghosts - what utter tosh!

What’s your most treasured possession? My digging trowel. Tell us a secret. We found a lot of graves, but didn’t remove the skeletons. They’re still in the ground by the cathedral. Elsie Smith

Job. ATS or Auxiliary Territorial Service Corporal.

When were you here? 1944 during World War Two.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I was involved with the anti aircraft guns that were placed up at Old Sarum, mainly to protect the airfield just a mile away. I worked in the radio control room, but I was also a driver.

What's the best thing about your life? I was doing something important for my country.

What's your favourite food? Sometimes I have bacon and eggs for breakfast, which is a real treat, because food is rationed and meat and eggs are hard to get.

What are you most afraid of? That Nazi Germany will win the war.

What’s your most treasured possession? I have a locket with a picture of my fiancé. He’s a Royal Air Force pilot. Tell us a secret. We think a big invasion of Europe by the Allies is due to take place. Your job. Wildlife surveyor. Susan When were you here? 2008.

Why were you here at Old Sarum? I helped to survey the whole area of the castle and hillfort to identify different plants and insects living on the site. It’s important to know what wildlife is here, so that we can record it and take action to protect it.

What's the best thing about your life? I get to work outside and go to some amazing natural places. I don’t like being in an office, so this is a great job.

What's your favourite food? Indian, Italian and Thai curry.

What are you most afraid of? That our wildlife will be lost if we don’t protect it.

What’s your most treasured possession? My hand lens, which I use to look closely at plants and bugs. It goes everywhere with me. Tell us a secret. I trod on a very rare snail once.