Wendy Sandler Curriculum Vitae December 2013
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Sign Language Endangerment and Linguistic Diversity Ben Braithwaite
RESEARCH REPORT Sign language endangerment and linguistic diversity Ben Braithwaite University of the West Indies at St. Augustine It has become increasingly clear that current threats to global linguistic diversity are not re - stricted to the loss of spoken languages. Signed languages are vulnerable to familiar patterns of language shift and the global spread of a few influential languages. But the ecologies of signed languages are also affected by genetics, social attitudes toward deafness, educational and public health policies, and a widespread modality chauvinism that views spoken languages as inherently superior or more desirable. This research report reviews what is known about sign language vi - tality and endangerment globally, and considers the responses from communities, governments, and linguists. It is striking how little attention has been paid to sign language vitality, endangerment, and re - vitalization, even as research on signed languages has occupied an increasingly prominent posi - tion in linguistic theory. It is time for linguists from a broader range of backgrounds to consider the causes, consequences, and appropriate responses to current threats to sign language diversity. In doing so, we must articulate more clearly the value of this diversity to the field of linguistics and the responsibilities the field has toward preserving it.* Keywords : language endangerment, language vitality, language documentation, signed languages 1. Introduction. Concerns about sign language endangerment are not new. Almost immediately after the invention of film, the US National Association of the Deaf began producing films to capture American Sign Language (ASL), motivated by a fear within the deaf community that their language was endangered (Schuchman 2004). -
Anastasia Bauer the Use of Signing Space in a Shared Signing Language of Australia Sign Language Typology 5
Anastasia Bauer The Use of Signing Space in a Shared Signing Language of Australia Sign Language Typology 5 Editors Marie Coppola Onno Crasborn Ulrike Zeshan Editorial board Sam Lutalo-Kiingi Irit Meir Ronice Müller de Quadros Roland Pfau Adam Schembri Gladys Tang Erin Wilkinson Jun Hui Yang De Gruyter Mouton · Ishara Press The Use of Signing Space in a Shared Sign Language of Australia by Anastasia Bauer De Gruyter Mouton · Ishara Press ISBN 978-1-61451-733-7 e-ISBN 978-1-61451-547-0 ISSN 2192-5186 e-ISSN 2192-5194 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. ” 2014 Walter de Gruyter, Inc., Boston/Berlin and Ishara Press, Lancaster, United Kingdom Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Țȍ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements This book is the revised and edited version of my doctoral dissertation that I defended at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Cologne, Germany in January 2013. It is the result of many experiences I have encoun- tered from dozens of remarkable individuals who I wish to acknowledge. First of all, this study would have been simply impossible without its partici- pants. The data that form the basis of this book I owe entirely to my Yolngu family who taught me with patience and care about this wonderful Yolngu language. -
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution -
Lexical Patterns in ASL and English a Dissertation Submitted in Pa
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Motivation in Morphology: Lexical Patterns in ASL and English A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics by Ryan Lepic Committee in charge: Professor Farrell Ackerman, Co-Chair Professor Carol Padden, Co-Chair Professor Karen Emmorey Professor Rachel Mayberry Professor Sharon Rose 2015 The Dissertation of Ryan Lepic is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2015 iii EPIGRAPH "I believe that we social anthropologists are like the mediaeval Ptolemaic astronomers; we spend our time trying to fit the facts of the objective world into the framework of a set of concepts which have been developed a priori instead of from observation…. The trouble with Ptolemaic astronomy was not that it was wrong but that it was sterile—there could be no real development until Galileo was prepared to abandon the basic premise that celestial bodies must of necessity move in perfect circles with the earth at the center of the universe." Edmund Leach iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ........................................................................................................ iii Epigraph ................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ................................................................................................... v List -
The Roots of Linguistic Organization in a New Language*
The roots of linguistic organization in a new language* Mark Aronoff1, Irit Meir2, Carol Padden3 and Wendy Sandler4 1Stony Brook University / 2University of Haifa / 3University of California San Diego / 4University of Haifa It is possible for a language to emerge with no direct linguistic history or outside linguistic influence. Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) arose about 70 years ago in a small, insular community with a high incidence of profound pre- lingual neurosensory deafness. In ABSL, we have been able to identify the begin- nings of phonology, morphology, syntax, and prosody. The linguistic elements we find in ABSL are not exclusively holistic, nor are they all compositional, but a combination of both. We do not, however, find in ABSL certain features that have been posited as essential even for a proto-language. ABSL has a highly reg- ular syntax as well as word-internal compounding, also highly regular but quite distinct from syntax in its patterns. ABSL, however, has no discernable word-in- ternal structure of the kind observed in more mature sign languages: no spatially organized morphology and no evident duality of phonological patterning. Under the right conditions, it is possible for a language to emerge with no linguis- tic history. Because it arises spontaneously, unfettered by established structural convention, a language of this kind may reveal some of the most fundamental properties of human language. While all known spoken languages are either old or descended from old languages, sign languages used by deaf people do occasionally arise de novo when a number of deaf people are born into a community and, over time, have an opportunity to gather and communicate regularly.1 One cannot extrapolate directly from what we know about present-day new languages to protolanguage. -
FOT XXVIII 2019 Holmström, Mesch, Schönström
Teckenspråksforskningen under 2000-talet En översikt Ingela Holmström Johanna Mesch Krister Schönström Sammanfattning Det finns många olika inriktningar inom teckenspråksforskningen idag och en avsevärd mängd studier utifrån olika perspektiv och på olika språkliga nivåer. I den här forskningsrapporten görs en översikt över svensk och internationell teckenspråksforskning under 2000-talet, med särskilt fokus på allmän språkvetenskap. Rapporten berör dock även kognitiv lingvistik, psyko- och neurolingvistik samt sociolingvistik. Dessutom fokuseras i ett varsitt avsnitt barns teckenspråk och inlärning av teckenspråk som andraspråk. Det som tas upp är ett urval av den forskning som bedrivits och rapporten gör inte anspråk på att vara heltäckande, men ger utöver de översiktliga beskrivningarna också ett stort antal referenser för fortsatt egen läsning inom de olika områden som tas upp. Nyckelord teckenspråksforskning, lingvistik, teckenspråksgrammatik Innehållsförteckning Förkortningar och transkriptionsnyckel .................................................... i 1. Förord ............................................................................................. 1 2. Inledning ........................................................................................ 1 3. Allmän språkvetenskap ................................................................... 2 3.1. Fonologi ...................................................................................................... 2 3.1.1. Teckenstruktur ..................................................................................... -
Constraints on Metaphorical Extension of Iconic Forms
Iconicity and metaphor: Constraints on metaphorical extension of iconic forms Irit Meir Language, Volume 86, Number 4, December 2010, pp. 865-896 (Article) Published by Linguistic Society of America For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/lan/summary/v086/86.4.meir.html Access Provided by Israel Institute of Technology at 01/03/11 3:53PM GMT ICONICITY AND METAPHOR: CONSTRAINTS ON METAPHORICAL EXTENSION OF ICONIC FORMS Irit Meir The University of Haifa Some conceptual metaphors common in spoken languages are infelicitous in sign languages. The explanation suggested in this article is that the iconicity of these signs clashes with the shifts in meaning that take place in these metaphorical extensions. Both iconicity and metaphors are built on mappings of two domains: form and meaning in iconicity, source domain and target do- main in metaphors. Iconic signs that undergo metaphoric extension are therefore subject to both mappings (Taub 2001). When the two mappings do not preserve the same structural correspon- dence, the metaphorical extension is blocked. This restriction is formulated as the DOUBLE- MAPPING CONSTRAINT, which requires multiple mappings to be structure-preserving. The effects of this constraint go beyond explaining possible and impossible metaphors in sign languages. Be- cause of the central role of metaphors in various linguistic processes, constraints on their occur- rence may affect other linguistic structures and processes that are built on these metaphors in both sign and spoken languages.* -
Meir, Irit, Carol Padden, Wendy Sandler
Journal of Linguistics http://journals.cambridge.org/LIN Additional services for Journal of Linguistics: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Body as subject IRIT MEIR, CAROL A. PADDEN, MARK ARONOFF and WENDY SANDLER Journal of Linguistics / Volume 43 / Issue 03 / November 2007, pp 531 563 DOI: 10.1017/S0022226707004768, Published online: 22 October 2007 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0022226707004768 How to cite this article: IRIT MEIR, CAROL A. PADDEN, MARK ARONOFF and WENDY SANDLER (2007). Body as subject. Journal of Linguistics, 43, pp 531563 doi:10.1017/ S0022226707004768 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/LIN, IP address: 129.49.23.145 on 09 May 2013 J. Linguistics 43 (2007), 531–563. f 2007 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0022226707004768 Printed in the United Kingdom Body as subject1 IRIT MEIR Department of Hebrew Language and Department of Communication Disorders, The University of Haifa CAROL A. PADDEN Department of Communication, University of California at San Diego MARK ARONOFF Department of Linguistics, Stony Brook University WENDY SANDLER Department of English Language and Literature, The University of Haifa (Received 19 January 2007; revised 10 May 2007) The notion of subject in human language has a privileged status relative to other arguments. This special status is manifested in the behavior of subjects at the morphological, syntactic, semantic and discourse levels. Here we present evidence that subjects have a privileged status at the lexical level as well, by analyzing lex- icalization patterns of verbs in three different sign languages. -
Person Vs Spatial Agreement Final Revision
Person vs. locative agreement: Evidence from late learners and language emergence Lily Kwok, Stephanie Berk, Diane Lillo-Martin University of Connecticut Abstract Sign languages are frequently described as having three verb classes. One, ‘agreeing’ verbs, indicates the person/number of its subject and object by modification of the beginning and ending locations of the verb. The second, ‘spatial’ verbs, makes a similar appearing modification of verb movement to represent the source and goal locations of the theme of a verb of motion. The third class, ‘plain’ verbs, is characterized as having neither of these types of modulations. A number of researchers have proposed accounts that collapse all of these types, or the person-agreeing and spatial verbs. Here we present evidence from late learners of American Sign Language and from the emergence of new sign languages that person agreement and locative agreement have a different status in these conditions and we claim their analysis should be kept distinct, at least in certain ways. Keywords Verb agreement Language development Delayed first language Language emergence Sign languages 1 1 Introduction: Verb classes in sign languages In very many sign languages, a subset of verbs can be modified in ways that some researchers have analyzed as a kind of verb agreement. Verbs that allow for this kind of modification use locations in the signing space (‘loci’) in a particular way, as described below. First, the loci have to be associated with a referent, either because the referent is physically present in the signing situation (present referents) or because the signer has indicated that a particular locus will be used to stand for a referent (non-present referents). -
Voicing the Voiceless: Feminism and Contemporary Arab Muslim Women's Autobiographies
VOICING THE VOICELESS: FEMINISM AND CONTEMPORARY ARAB MUSLIM WOMEN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHIES Taghreed Mahmoud Abu Sarhan A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2011 Committee: Ellen Berry, Advisor Vibha Bhalla Graduate Faculty Representative Radhika Gajjala Erin Labbie iii ABSTRACT Ellen Berry, Advisor Arab Muslim women have been portrayed by the West in general and Western Feminism in particular as oppressed, weak, submissive, and passive. A few critics, Nawar al-Hassan Golley, is an example, clarify that Arab Muslim women are not weak and passive as they are seen by the Western Feminism viewed through the lens of their own culture and historical background. Using Transnational Feminist theory, my study examines four autobiographies: Harem Years By Huda Sha’arawi, A Mountainous Journey a Poet’s Autobiography by Fadwa Tuqan, A Daughter of Isis by Nawal El Saadawi, and Dreams of Trespass, Tales of a Harem Girlhood by Fatima Mernissi. This study promises to add to the extant literature that examine Arab Muslim women’s status by viewing Arab women’s autobiographies as real life stories to introduce examples of Arab Muslim women figures who have effected positive and significant changes for themselves and their societies. Moreover, this study seeks to demonstrate, through the study of select Arab Muslim women’s autobiographies, that Arab Muslim women are educated, have feminist consciousnesses, and national figures with their own clear reading of their own religion and culture, more telling than that of the reading of outsiders. -
The Evolution of Verb Classes and Verb Agreement in Sign Languages
DOI 10.1515/tl-2012-0008 Theoretical Linguistics 2012; 38(1-2): 145 – 152 Irit Meir The evolution of verb classes and verb agreement in sign languages Irit Meir: Department of Hebrew Language, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel. E-mail: [email protected] Sign languages offer the possibility of raising and examining many issues that would not and could not be raised if human languages were confined to the spo- ken modality. One central issue concerns the relationship between language structure and modality: how and in what ways does the physical modality of transmission influence structure? In order to attempt to investigate this question in a meaningful way, one must look for specific phenomena or structures that are comparable across modalities yet differ in significant ways. Verb agreement is precisely such a phenomenon. Verb agreement in sign l anguages seems to be very similar and at the same time very different from com- parable constructions in spoken languages. Weighing the similarities and differ- ences led Lillo-Martin and Meier (henceforth LM&M) to the conclusion that direc- tionality, the formational expression of phi-feature marking in sign languages, can indeed be regarded as a verb agreement mechanism, a conclusion that I agree with wholeheartedly. LM&M, however, do not ignore the differences. In section 6.1 they describe some features of directionality in sign language verbs which makes sign languages typologically unique. Among these features are the specific classification of verbs into agreeing verbs, spatial verbs and plain verbs; the pri- macy of object agreement over subject agreement; and the ubiquity of this non- canonical system in sign languages. -
(Accepted). Taking Meaning in Hand: Iconic Motivations in Two-Handed Signs
Lepic, Ryan, Carl Börstell, Gal Belsitzman, and Wendy Sandler. (Accepted). Taking meaning in hand: Iconic motivations in two-handed signs. Sign Language and Linguistics. (36 pages) Iconicity in two-handed signs 1 Title: Taking meaning in hand: iconic motivations in two-handed signs Authors' names and affiliations: Ryan Lepic1*, Carl Börstell2, Gal Belsitzman3, Wendy Sandler3 1 Department of Linguistics, University of California, San Diego, USA 2 Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 3 Sign Language Research Laboratory, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Abstract (150): Traditionally in sign language research, the issue of whether a lexical sign is articulated with one hand or two has been treated as a strictly phonological matter. We argue that accounting for two-handed signs also requires considering meaning as a motivating factor. We report results from a Swadesh list comparison, an analysis of semantic patterns among two-handed signs, and a picture-naming task. Comparing four unrelated languages, we demonstrate that the two hands are recruited to encode various relationship types in sign language lexicons. We develop the general principle that inherently "plural" concepts are straightforwardly mapped onto our paired human hands, resulting in systematic use of the two hands across sign languages. In our analysis, "plurality" subsumes four primary relationship types – interaction, location, dimension, and composition – and we predict that signs with meanings that encompass these relationships – such as 'meet', 'empty', 'large', or 'machine' – will preferentially be two- handed in any sign language. Keywords (7): iconicity, lexical patterns, two-handed signs, Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), American Sign Language (ASL), Israeli Sign Language (ISL), Swedish Sign Language (SSL) Text: 1.