Unit 13: Urban Patterns AP Human Geography

KNOW:

13.1 Terms 13.2 Terms 13.3 Terms 13.4 Terms Urbanization concentric zone model annexation filtering Central city (Burgess Model) peripheral model redlining urbanized area sector model edge cities urban renewal MSA (Hoyt Sector Model) density gradient public housing Megalopolis multiple nuclei model sprawl scattered site *galactic city (Harris and Ullman greenbelts renovated housing food desert Model) zoning ordinances gentrification census tracts smart growth underclass squatter settlements *new urbanism (favelas)

BE ABLE TO:

 Contrast European and North American cities in terms of their CBDs, suburbs and suburban growth

 Describe the move of retailing and industry to the suburbs

 Explain the growth of suburbs in terms of social, transportation, and economic changes

 Differentiate between 3 models of North American cities

 Describe the three phases of urban settlements in LDCs and explain the influence of Europe

 Discuss the land uses and locations in the Latin American city model, especially the characteristics of squatter settlements

 List and evaluate the problems of the inner-­­city

NON-­­NEGOTIABLES  MAPS: Locations of world’s largest cities, Megalopolis  MODELS: Concentric zone, sector and multiple nuclei models, Latin-­­American city Model INTRODUCTION  None.

ISSUE 1: WHY DO SERVICES CLUSTER DOWNTOWN? 1. Explain the difference between the central business district’s (CBD) size and it’s concentration of businesses. Name two reasons that businesses are attracted to it. 2. List the three types of retail services attracted to the CBD. For each, explain why they are attracted to the CBD and if/why they are leaving it. 3. Explain why business services are attracted to the CBD. 4. Explain how businesses intensify the land use in the CBD in response to its cost. 5. Explain why manufacturing avoids the CBD; explain the change in residential patterns in the CBD. 6. Define the term food desert and then explain where and why they occur.

ISSUE 2: WHERE ARE PEOPLE DISTRIBUTED WITHIN URBAN AREAS? 7. Diagram each of the three US urban structure models and describe what happens in each zone. 8. List six differences between North American CBD and those outside the US. 9. Explain the similarities and differences between European city structure and the US. 10. Explain why LDC city structure is similar to European cities. 11. List and briefly explain the three phases of most LDC cities. 12. Explain why squatter settlements form and list five qualities of them. 13. Recreate the Latin American city model (p.418).

ISSUE 3: WHY ARE URBAN AREAS EXPANDING? 13. Identify the shift in the distribution of the US population since 1950. 14. Identify the recent change in the way cities grow. 15. Briefly explain the difference between a city, a central city, an urbanized area and a metropolitan statistical area. 16. Explain what a megalopolis is. 17. Diagram and explain the Peripheral Model. 18. Explain what the density gradient is and how it has changed over time in the US. 19. Define sprawl, explain how it happens, why it is undesirable, and some places do to stop/avoid it. 20. Explain the two ways in which suburbs are segregated. 21. Explain why retail, manufacturing and businesses are suburbanizing. 22. Explain the various effects the invention of motor vehicles has had on urban structure/land use.

ISSUE 4: WHY DO CITIES FACE CHALLENGES? 13. What is the “most fundamental spatial distinction” in US urban areas? 14. Explain why poverty tends to concentrate in inner city areas. 15. Define deterioration and explain the processes through which it happens. 16. List five key points each about urban renewal, public housing and gentrification. 17. Explain who the underclass are and the problems they face. 18. Explain how poverty can be understood as hereditary (and cyclical). 19. Explain the catch-­­22 of each of the two responses to the eroding tax base in inner cities.