Orkney Active Network Management system Technical Session 1 Accessing capacity in a constrained network – Active Network Management
David MacLeman Distribution R&D Manager
1 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Learning Outcomes
• Understand the concept of ANM
• Identify and assess opportunities to apply ANM
2 Accessing capacity in a constrained network What is Active Network Management?
3 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Lesson content • Introduction to Orkney
• The Orkney network – problem definition
• Why Active Network Management?
• Design of an ANM scheme for Orkney
• Interactive session 1
– What makes Orkney suitable for Active Network Management?
– Where else could you apply ANM?
• Review of sessions
• Lessons learnt
4 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Introduction to the Orkney
• High interest in further renewable generator connections
• Traditional reinforcement solution would be very expensive
• Spare capacity available due to patterns of load and generation
• Ofgem incentives: IFI and DG Registered Power Zone (RPZ)
5 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Orkney electrical network Wind farm with rating in MW
2.7MW • 6 miles off north coast of Single turbine with rating in MW Scotland WESTRAY 9.95MW SANDAY
Open • point 11,500 customers 0.9MW Marine Energy with rating in MW EDAY Fossil Fuel generator ROUSAY Tidal 4MW STRONSAY • with rating in MW Min/Max demand: 6/31 MW 0.9MW
BURGAR HILL • 33 kV submarine cables: 2 x 20 15.3 MW 2.55 MW Potential Constrained MW import/export Cable 0.9MW 0.9MW 0.9MW 4.5 MW e n li • Existing generation a mix of d e SHAPINSAY n i a r t s Constrained cable n wind, wave and gas o C 0.9MW KIRKWALL • Existing reactive compensation STROMNESS Diesel 15MW 0.9MW equipment Wave 7MW
SCORRADALE • Existing protection-based ST MARYS NORTH HOY network management: 0.85 MW – Firm Generation (FG) LYNESS 11kV circuit 0.9MW FLOTTA 33kV circuit 2.0 MW Gas 10.5MW – Non-Firm Generation (NFG) 33kV interconnector to Scotland – Load shedding 33/11kV sub station
Map by Martin Lee 1992 to 2011
6 Accessing capacity in a constrained network American Superconductor DVAR
• Initial Purpose • The solution consists of a ±8 MVAR D-VAR and 2 X 7 - To provide continuous reactive power locally on Orkney in order MVAR, 33 kV switched shunt to maximize the real power (MW) capacitors. transfer capability of the sub sea cables from the mainland. • The D-VAR solution in place protects the Orkney Islands’ • -To provide voltage support for power supply from critical transient conditions such as those contingency events such as caused by trips and reactor switching. the loss of one of the two 33 kilovolt (kV) underwater • -Through maximizing the transfer power cables that serve the capability, help minimize the need islands. for running peak generation.
7 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Existing generator capacity on Orkney - Firm Generation
DEMAND FG 6 MW 0-26 MW
G Orkney
FG = (N-1 circuit capacity) + (local minimum demand)
20 MW 20 MW FG = 20+6 = 26 MW
Mainland
8 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Post-fault inter-trip - Non Firm Generation
DEMAND NFG FG 6 MW 0-20 MW 0-26 MW
G G Orkney
NFG = Capacity of both circuits + local minimum demand - FG
NFG = 20+20+6-26 = 20 MW 20 MW 20 MW
Inter-trip NFG for N-1 contingency Mainland
9 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Why Active Network Management? • Local electrical network capacity has limits • Existing planning rules require unconstrained output of contracted generation capacity at all times • Variations in customer demand and output from renewable generators changes minute by minute • Affects network capacity available to accommodate DG output
10 Ac--cessing capacity in a constrained network Active Network Management – New Non Firm Generation
NNFG DEMAND NFG FG 0-25 MW 6-31 MW 0-20 MW 0-26 MW
G G G Orkney
NNFG = Capacity of both circuits + local maximum demand - FG - NFG
20 MW 20 MW NNFG = 20+20+31-26-20 = 25 MW
NNFG enabled by new ANM scheme Mainland
11 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Normally Open Point Design of the ANM scheme EDAY ROUSAY SANDAY
Zone 1 • Reactive compensation equipment BURGAR WESTRAY STRONSAY solves almost all voltage problems HILL Zone 2 • Each zone has a thermal limitation on
generation output at any given time SHAPINSAY • Whole Orkney system has a further STROMNESS Orkney Core thermal limit on generation output
SCORRADALE
• Real time control of wind generation KIRKWALL units based on measurements and
NORTH control logic. HOY Zone 4 THURSO ST. MARY’S • Existing generation unaffected GRID LYNESS Zone 3 • Operating margins are introduced to FLOTTA ensure network security
12 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Interactive session 2
• What makes Orkney suitable for Active Network Management?
13 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Interactive session 3
• Where else can these principles be applied?
14 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Review of interactive sessions
• What is Active Network Management (ANM)?
• What makes Orkney suitable?
• Where else can these principles be applied?
15 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Review
• What is Active Network Management? • The Orkney Registered Power Zone • Where/when ANM can be a suitable solution – The network is constrained (thermal, fault level, voltage) – Where conventional reinforcements costs are high – There is variation in demand – There is diversity in the generation portfolio
16 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Lesson 1 ends
17 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Activity results
• What is Active Network Management? Some responses from small group discussion at Knowledge Sharing Event, 18 May 2012
• Balancing generation and demand; Signal from the network in real time; Understanding capability/capacity of network; Lifetime of assets and constraints; Economic/ commercial balance
• Operational events based on network conditions or events; Dynamic line rating; Not passive; Network configuration/re-configuration; Resilience vs complexity
18 Accessing capacity in a constrained network Activity results
• What is Active Network Management? Some responses from small group discussion at Knowledge Sharing Event, 18 May 2012
• Real time management of constraint; Real time management in whatever form; Not protection - integration with protection; Risk against manual intervention; Avoiding hitting protection
• Near real time information; Understanding of operational boundaries; Optimisation; Increasing network utilisation; Facilitating carbon reduction; Facilitating cost effective network connection; Minimal impact on customer; Quality of supply
19 Accessing capacity in a constrained network