DOCSLIB.ORG

Aircraft Noise-Induced Annoyance in the Vicinity of Cologne/Bonn Airport

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aircraft Noise-Induced Annoyance in the Vicinity of Cologne/Bonn Airport Genehmigte Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) Fachbereich 3: Humanwissenschaften Institut für Psychologie Aircraft noise-induced annoyance in the vicinity of Cologne/Bonn Airport The examination of short-term and long-term annoyance as well as their major determinants vorgelegt von Dipl.-Psych. Susanne Bartels (geb. Stein) geboren in Burgstädt Darmstadt, 2014 Hochschulkennziffer: D 17 Eingereicht am 08. Juli 2014 Disputation am 15. September 2014 Referent: Prof. Dr. Joachim Vogt, Technische Universität Darmstadt Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Rainer Höger, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Für Emil, meine liebste „Lärmquelle” Acknowledgment I would like to express my gratitude to all the people who were on hand with help and advice for me during my doctoral project in the past years. My thanks go to my doctorate supervisor Professor Joachim Vogt for his excellent mentoring, for the freedom in the choice of my research topics, and for his helpful advice during both the conduction of the studies and the writing of my dissertation. I thank Professor Rainer Höger of Leuphana University, Lüneburg for agreeing to serve as the second examiner of my thesis. Furthermore, I would like to express my appreciation to my (former) colleagues of the department of Flight Physiology of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Cologne. A thank you to Dr. Mathias Basner who appointed me as doctoral student and who, thereby, laid the foundation of this thesis. I also thank Dr. Uwe Müller for the good collaboration, his expertise and his merits as leader of the Work Package 2 in the COSMA-project. In addition, I would like to thank Eva Hennecke, Helene Majewski, Dr. Franco Mendolia, Dr. Sibylle Pennig, Dr. Julia Quehl, Christina Samel, Dr. Sandra Sanok, Vera Scheuble, Stefan Schmitt, and Christiane Spiegel for their active support during the conduction of the studies and their valuable advice in the time of writing. In addition, I thank the partners of the COSMA Work Package 2. Special thanks go to Professor Barbara Griefahn and her team at the Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) in Dortmund who conducted numerous interviews as part of the telephone study. I would also like to express my appreciation to Dr. Ferenc Márki from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) for the calculations of the noise indicators in the field study as well as Dirk Schreckenberg from ZEUS GmbH for giving me suggestions for the development of the survey questionnaires. I also thank the residents of Cologne/Bonn Airport. My doctoral studies would not have been possible without their willingness to participate. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their support, their love, and their patience with me. Above all, I would like to mention my husband, my son, and my parents. Thank you for giving me the time and space to complete this work! This work was financially supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (grant agreement no. 234118). Danksagung An dieser Stelle möchte ich all jenen Personen danken, die mir während der vergangenen Jahre bei dem Vorhaben zu promovieren tatkräftig zur Seite standen. Mein Dank gilt meinem Doktorvater Herrn Prof. Joachim Vogt für die hervorragende Betreuung, die Freiheiten im Hinblick auf meine Forschungsschwerpunkte und die hilfreichen Ratschläge während der Zeit der Studiendurchführung und der Zeit des Schreibens. Ich danke Prof. Rainer Höger von der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, dass er sich dazu bereit erklärt hat, die Zweitbegutachtung meiner Doktorarbeit zu übernehmen. Herzlich danken möchte ich darüber hinaus meinen (ehemaligen) Kolleginnen und Kollegen der Abteilung Flugphysiologie des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt in Köln. Mein Dank gilt Dr. Mathias Basner, der mich als Doktorandin einstellte und damit den Grundstein für meine Dissertation legte. Besonderer Dank gebührt ebenso meinem Kollegen Dr. Uwe Müller für seine fachliche Expertise und die gute Zusammenarbeit sowie seine Verdienste als Leiter des Arbeitspaketes 2 im COSMA-Projekt. Danken möchte ich ferner Eva Hennecke, Helene Majewski, Dr. Franco Mendolia, Dr. Sibylle Pennig, Dr. Julia Quehl, Christina Samel, Dr. Sandra Sanok, Vera Scheuble, Stefan Schmitt und Christiane Spiegel für ihre Hilfe in der Studienphase und die wertvollen Hinweise während des Verfassens der Arbeit. Mein Dank gilt des Weiteren den Partnerinnen und Partnern im Arbeitspaket 2 des EU- Projektes COSMA. Besonders zu erwähnen sind hierbei Prof. Barbara Griefahn und ihr Team vom Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), die im Rahmen der Telefonstudie unzählige Interviews führten. Ferner danke ich herzlich Dr. Ferenc Márki von der Universität Budapest (BME) für die Berechnungen der Lärmparameter in der Feldstudie und Dirk Schreckenberg (ZEUS GmbH) für die Anregungen bei der Fragenbogenentwicklung. Danken möchte ich auch den Anwohnerinnen und Anwohnern des Flughafens Köln/Bonn, die durch ihre Studienteilnahme eine Verwirklichung des Forschungsvorhabens erst ermöglichten. Abschließend danke ich meiner Familie und meinen Freunden, die mir während der vergangenen Jahre Rückhalt gaben, erbauliche Worte fanden und Verständnis zeigten, wenn die Doktorarbeit wieder einmal wichtiger schien alles andere im Leben. Zu nennen sind an dieser Stelle insbesondere mein Mann, mein Sohn und meine Eltern. Danke, dass ihr mir die Zeit und den Raum gegeben habt, diese Arbeit zu schreiben! Diese Arbeit wurde finanziell unterstützt durch das Siebte Forschungsrahmenprogramm der Europäischen Union (Grant Agreement-Nummer 234118). Contents I Contents List of figures .......................................................................................................................... VI List of tables ......................................................................................................................... VIII List of abbreviations, formula symbols, and indices ............................................................. X Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 8 2 Theoretical background ................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Sound and noise ...................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Sources and descriptors of aircraft noise ................................................................ 13 2.2.1 Sources of aircraft noise ............................................................................ 13 2.2.2 Common descriptors of aircraft noise ....................................................... 13 2.3 Effects of aircraft noise on man ............................................................................. 16 2.3.1 Auditory effects ........................................................................................ 16 2.3.2 Non-auditory effects ................................................................................. 16 2.4 Annoyance .............................................................................................................. 19 2.4.1 Noise annoyance as a result of disturbance .............................................. 19 2.4.2 Noise annoyance as emotion ..................................................................... 20 2.4.3 Noise annoyance as attitude ...................................................................... 21 2.4.4 Noise annoyance as knowledge ................................................................ 21 2.4.5 Noise annoyance as a result of rational decisions ..................................... 21 2.4.6 Noise-induced annoyance – an integrative approach ................................ 22 2.5 Assessing annoyance .............................................................................................. 23 2.5.1 Annoyance scales ...................................................................................... 23 2.5.2 Study designs for the assessment of annoyance ....................................... 25 2.6 The relation between aircraft noise exposure, short-term, and long-term annoyance ............................................................................................................... 26 2.6.1 The relation between aircraft noise exposure and annoyance .................. 26 2.6.2 Exposure-response curves ......................................................................... 29 2.6.3 The relation between short-term and long-term effects of noise .............. 30 Contents II 2.7 Influence variables of noise-induced annoyance .................................................... 31 2.7.1 Parameters related to the noise source ...................................................... 32 2.7.2 Situational factors ..................................................................................... 33 2.7.3 Personal and social factors ........................................................................ 35 2.8 Excurse on the construct fairness ........................................................................... 39 2.8.1 Prior research on fairness .........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Passengers at Frankfurt Airport
    Passengers at Frankfurt Airport Top 3 Destinations by world region Frankfurt Airport (FRA) is Germany’s global gateway and one of the world’s largest aviation Age Group hubs. In 2019, over 70 million passengers departed, arrived or connected to another flight via under 30 years 16 % Berlin TXL London LHR FRA. Who are these passengers passing through the terminals or seated on the planes at FRA? 30 – 39 years 26 % Hamburg HAM Palma PMI Where do they come from and where are they flying to? To find this out, Fraport (the owner and Europe* Germany operator of Frankfurt Airport) has been continuously conducting passenger surveys since 1991. Munich MUC Vienna VIE 40 – 49 years 31 % Each month, some 2,400 passengers on average are surveyed on topics such as age, residency, Johannesburg JNB Dubai DXB or reason for flying. Did you know, for example, that passengers stay at FRA for an average of 50 – 59 years 20 % Hurghada HRG Shanghai PVG 2 hours and 19 minutes per journey? over 60 years 7 % Asia Africa Cairo CAI Seoul ICN New York JFK São Paulo GRU Country of origin/residence Toronto YYZ Rio de Janeiro GIG Other countries 22.3 % Chicago ORD Cancún CUN South America North America *excluding Germany 54.6 % 45.4 % Germany Average number of flights by business and leisure U.S. 9.8 % passengers (per year) U.K. 3.9 % Austria 3.6 % Italy 3.3 % 5.3 France 2.9 % Sweden 1.8 % 11.1 flights Spain 2.6 % Canada 2.2 % flights 2.2 Reason for flying Reason for flying Switzerland 2.2 % flights All travelers 35 % 65 % Business Leisure Mode of ground access to FRA Leisure travelers Business travelers Private car 40 % Passenger split Taxi 20 % S-Bahn metropolitan train 14 % ICE/ 11 % 39 % 61 % Long-distance train Female Male Private Transfer 54 % 46 % Origin & shuttle service 5 % passengers Destination Rental car 4 % passengers Others 3 % Survey methodology: Ongoing individual interviews with passengers i (from a representative sample of passengers, selected at random).
    [Show full text]
  • NORTH RHINE WESTPHALIA 10 REASONS YOU SHOULD VISIT in 2019 the Mini Guide
    NORTH RHINE WESTPHALIA 10 REASONS YOU SHOULD VISIT IN 2019 The mini guide In association with Commercial Editor Olivia Lee Editor-in-Chief Lyn Hughes Art Director Graham Berridge Writer Marcel Krueger Managing Editor Tom Hawker Managing Director Tilly McAuliffe Publishing Director John Innes ([email protected]) Publisher Catriona Bolger ([email protected]) Commercial Manager Adam Lloyds ([email protected]) Copyright Wanderlust Publications Ltd 2019 Cover KölnKongress GmbH 2 www.nrw-tourism.com/highlights2019 NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA Welcome On hearing the name North Rhine- Westphalia, your first thought might be North Rhine Where and What? This colourful region of western Germany, bordering the Netherlands and Belgium, is perhaps better known by its iconic cities; Cologne, Düsseldorf, Bonn. But North Rhine-Westphalia has far more to offer than a smattering of famous names, including over 900 museums, thousands of kilometres of cycleways and a calendar of exciting events lined up for the coming year. ONLINE Over the next few pages INFO we offer just a handful of the Head to many reasons you should visit nrw-tourism.com in 2019. And with direct flights for more information across the UK taking less than 90 minutes, it’s the perfect destination to slip away to on a Friday and still be back in time for your Monday commute. Published by Olivia Lee Editor www.nrw-tourism.com/highlights2019 3 NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA DID YOU KNOW? Despite being landlocked, North Rhine-Westphalia has over 1,500km of rivers, 360km of canals and more than 200 lakes. ‘Father Rhine’ weaves 226km through the state, from Bad Honnef in the south to Kleve in the north.
    [Show full text]
  • 2Nd Joint Meeting of US and European DIERS User Group
    2nd Joint Meeting of US and European DIERS User Group 10th -12th JUNE 2015 MARITIM HOTEL DÜSSELDORF (GERMANY) CONFERENCE VENUE The Conference will be held at: Maritim Hotel Düsseldorf Maritim Platz 1 D-40474 Düsseldorf, Germany DATE AND TIME Wednesday, 10th June 2015, 08:30 am – Friday, 12th June 2015, 06:00 pm ACCOMMODATION Please make sure to take care of booking a hotel room yourself. We have reserved a contingent of single rooms in the Maritim Hotel Düsseldorf Nights between Special price Keyword Reservations via Maritim Hotel +49 211 52091456 9th -12th June 2015 169€/night incl. breakfast DIERS-REMBE [email protected] The special rates are guaranteed for bookings made by 13th April 2015. Alternative Hotels: Holyday-Inn Hotel Ratingen and Lindner Hotel Airport with fares starting from 100€ per night. These two hotels include free of charge Shuttle Service to reach the terminal B, which is less than a 5-minute walk to the Conference Hotel. TRAVELING Maritim Hotel Düsseldorf is located right next to the airport terminals and can be reached by a 5- minute walk via the pedestrian bridge. 1 By plane: There are several airlines which fly directly to Düsseldorf International Airport. *Please note that some Lufthansa flights flying to Frankfurt Airport, with connection flight to Düsseldorf Airport operate by train (DeutscheBahn) between both airports and not by plane. It is desirable to book a direct flight to Düsseldorf Airport. By train: Düsseldorf International Airport has two railway stations: (http://www.dus.com/dus_en/bahn/) • “Düsseldorf Airport Station” (Düsseldorf Flughafen) is located at the eastern end of the airport site.
    [Show full text]
  • Arriving at Koelnmesse
    Arriving at Koelnmesse Arriving by public transportation Arriving by air Underground Lines 1 and 9: “Bahnhof Deutz” station We generally advise our guests to travel by rail from The South Entrance is approx. three minutes walk from the Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf and Frankfurt airports to platform at this station. Cologne. Alternatively you can take a taxi or arrange a hire car. Underground Lines 3 and 4: “Koelnmesse” station Lines 3 and 4 stop directly at the East Entrance. Cologne-Bonn Airport (Distance Koelnmesse: approx. 16 km) Cologne-Bonn Airport has its own station called “Köln/Bonn Arriving by the Deutsche Bahn (German Railways) Flughafen”. In the airport, follow the signs to the train platforms. Cologne “Messe/Deutz” train station Here you can either take the No. 13 suburban railway (in the (Distance Koelnmesse: approx. 0.3 km) direction of Horrem) or the Regional Express (in the direction of We recommend you to arrive at Cologne “Messe/Deutz” train Mönchengladbach) to the station “Köln Messe/Deutz”, located station. From there the South Entrance is approx. three minutes adjacent to the exhibition centre. The trip from the airport takes walk away. about 12 minutes. (Further information “Arriving by the Deutsche Bahn/German Railways”) Cologne Main Station (Hauptbahnhof) (Distance Koelnmesse: approx. 1.5 km) Düsseldorf Airport If your train arrives at Cologne Main Station, there are four ways (Distance Koelnmesse: approx. 65 km) to get from there to Koelnmesse: Düsseldorf airport has its own station called “Flughafen Düsseldorf”. After leaving customs, follow the signs in the airport 1. By foot over the “Hohenzollern” bridge to the Sky Train.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Strategy for North Rhine-Westphalia
    Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, 1 Agriculture, Nature and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia Sustainability Strategy for North Rhine-Westphalia www.nachhaltigkeit.nrw.de www.umwelt.nrw.de 2 act now. working together towards sustainable development in NRW. ‹ to the table of contents 3 Inhalt Prime Minister Hannelore Kraft 4 C. Implementation of the NRW Act now – Minister Johannes Remmel 5 Sustainability Strategy 29 A. Fundamental Principles of Sustainable Development I. Structures for a Sustainable NRW 29 in North Rhine-Westphalia 6 II. Goals and indicators 30 I. Mission statement 6 III. Overarching implementation tools of the II. Sustainability as a guiding principle for NRW 6 NRW Sustainability Strategy 42 III. Specific challenges and state-specific policy areas D. Updates and Reporting 47 for North Rhine-Westphalia 8 I. Progress reports of the State Government on B. Current Focal Areas of Joint Sustainability the sustainability strategy 47 Policy in NRW 13 II. Sustainability indicator reports of IT.NRW 47 Focal area # 1: 13 III. Participatory mechanisms in the process of Climate Protection Plan 13 updating the strategy 47 Focal area # 2: 16 Green Economy Strategy 16 Annex to the Sustainability Strategy 48 Focal area # 3: 18 Biodiversity strategy 18 I. Indicator areas of the National Sustainability Focal area # 4: 19 Strategy (2014) 48 Sustainable financial policy 19 II. International goals for sustainable development – Focal area # 5: 20 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 49 Sustainable development of urban areas and Communication around sustainability 49 neighborhoods and local mobility 20 Index Focal area # 6: 23 Demographic change and neighborhoods List of Abbreviations suited for the elderly 23 Focal area # 7: 27 State initiative „NRW hält zusammen … für ein Leben ohne Armut und Ausgrenzung“ [Together in NRW ..
    [Show full text]
  • American Airlines in Europe American Operates up to 434 Weekly Flights Between Europe and the United States
    American Airlines in Europe American operates up to 434 weekly flights between Europe and the United States. Overview • From its hubs in the United States, American offers connections to nearly 350 cities in over 50 countries worldwide, with approximately 6,700 daily flights. • American now offers up to 62 daily flights between Europe and Chicago O’Hare (ORD), Charlotte (CLT), Dallas Fort Worth (DFW), Los Angeles (LAX), Miami (MIA), New York (JFK), Philadelphia (PHL) and Raleigh/ Durham (RDU). • American has dedicated sales offices in Amsterdam, Dublin, Frankfurt, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Rome and Zürich. • American has a dedicated reservations center in Liverpool, England, handling European reservations queries, AAdvantage customers, special assistance and ticketing. • American has dedicated Admirals Club lounges in London Heathrow, Terminal 3 (LHR) and Paris Charles de Gaulle, Terminal 2A (CDG American also has a Flagship First Class lounge and an Arrivals Lounge in Heathrow Terminal 3, the only one of its kind in the airline’s network. • Beginning May 6th, 2017, American will launch new seasonal services from Rome Fiumicino Airport (FCO) and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport (AMS) to Dallas/ Fort Worth and from Barcelona El Prat Airport (BCN) to Chicago O’Hare. Leadership in Europe • Olympia Colasante, Managing Director – London Heathrow • Andy Kynoch, Director – European Operations • Ivonne Brauburger, Director – European Sales • Mark Danis, Manager – UK Corporate Sales • Tim Isik, Manager – UK Channel Sales • Isabelle Gannoun, Manager – Sales France • Jose Blazquez, Regional Manager – Sales Spain & Portugal • Roberto Antonucci, Regional Manager – Sales Italy & Southeast Europe • Markus Boecker, Regional Manager – Sales Germany & Switzerland • Caitriona Toner, Manager – Sales Ireland • Javier Equisoain Blanco, Manager – Regional Sales Benelux Updated Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • Airline Tickets to Frankfurt
    Airline Tickets To Frankfurt syphiliticAnatollo remainsand repatriates tunicate his after Calvinist Fonz enhearten so idiomatically! disobediently Burl rappelling or mashes succulently any inimitability. if bloodiest Demountable Bucky refugees Bear orladders unloosed. some You find and airline tickets Are not on time that also be made it would depart from facebook button above and how long periods and conditions and from france, conduct a communal bottle of. Crew were just a price first is not, as eating less enjoyable experience and frankfurt am main, without checked in order number. Please, taxi, please contact our shareholder service center. Ticket prices and seat availability change rapidly and cannot be guaranteed. Search nearby airports for bigger savings. Please give until now search ends to beauty the summer list of results. Eurowings flight from Berlin to Frankfurt am Main, unless having an important reason. Plane with very clean. They kept oscillating between frankfurt am main, star alliance and get order to check if you can only thing again later. Paid in frankfurt, airlines flying to. Travelers like you have slides, frankfurt to frankfurt are available on the tickets to buy your time. This is no hack to trick Tealium into thinking Nativo is on the page sound we can control terms it loads. Eurowings berlin to frankfurt have been checked baggage missing from top notch and airline tickets using content on flights frankfurt international airport is with a few hotels offer? The entertainment, Frankfurt is the largest financial centre in the continental Europe. Turisto will think you work find the cheapest tickets to hill country.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany Bonn Exchange
    studyabroad University of Bonn Berlin Bonn, Germany Bonn The University of Florida’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences welcomes all students to study in Bonn, Germany, for a semester or full academic year. Highlights • Students who have not completed at least two semesters of German language instruction must attend an intensive German language course Fast Facts before the start of the program. Founded: 1827 • This program is open to both undergraduates and graduates. Enrollment: 27,500, including • Languages of instruction: German and English (many electives are taught 3,800 international students in English) Schools: 7 • Required GPA: 3.0 Institutes and Centers: 11 Famous Alumni: Max Ernst, Karl Marx Location The Rhenish Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn is considered to be one of Europe’s most important institutes of higher education. As a leading research university, the university has evolved into a truly prominent international institution. The birthplace of Beethoven, the University of Bonn has developed into a lively academic town and cultural center. The university’s alumni includes five Nobel Prize winners. Situated on the picturesque Rhine River, Bonn’s proximity to the centers of European politics enables residents to witness European history unfold before their eyes. Housing Students will be housed in single rooms in one of several student dorms located in different areas of town. Some rooms include a kitchenette and a private bathroom, while others have shared facilities. Residences are easily accessible by foot or public transportation. www.studyabroad.uni-bonn.de Contact Information UFIC Study Abroad Advisor: Program Coordinator: • See your assigned student Jess Mercier Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 26212 Flyer-Nationales Erprobungszentrum GB RZ
    DLR at a glance The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is the national aero- nautics and space research centre of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its extensive research and development work in aeronautics, space, energy, transport, security and digitalisa- tion is integrated into national and international cooperative ventures. In addition to its own research, as Germany’s space agency, DLR has been given responsibility by the federal government for the planning and implementation of the German space programme. DLR is also the umbrella organi- sation for the nation’s largest project management agency. DLR has approximately 8200 employees at 25 locations in Germany: Cologne (headquarters), Augsburg, Berlin, Bonn, Braunschweig, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cochstedt, Cottbus, In order to overcome the challenges described, the National Dresden, Goettingen, Hamburg, Hannover, Jena, Juelich, Experimental Test Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems is Lampoldshausen, Neustrelitz, Oberpfaffenhofen, Oldenburg, National Experimental Test Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems_GB_06/2019 to play a central role as an enabler for future research and Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, Stade, Stuttgart, Trauen, Ulm and development in the field of new UAS technologies at DLR as Weilheim. DLR also has offices in Brussels, Paris, Tokyo well as for external partners. In this sense, the following and Washington D.C. topics are part of the DLR portfolio: Imprint Test and Validation Publisher: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Certification German Aerospace Center (DLR)
    [Show full text]
  • North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) / India
    Page 1 of 13 Consulate General of India Frankfurt *** General and Bilateral Brief- North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) / India North Rhine-Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW is the most populous state of Germany, with a population of approximately 18 million, and the fourth largest by area. It was formed in 1946 as a merger of the provinces of North Rhine and Westphalia, both formerly parts of Prussia, and the Free State of Lippe. Its capital is Düsseldorf; the largest city is Cologne. Four of Germany's ten largest cities—Cologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, and Essen— are located within the state, as well as the second largest metropolitan area on the European continent, Rhine-Ruhr. NRW is a very diverse state, with vibrant business centers, bustling cities and peaceful natural landscapes. The state is home to one of the strongest industrial regions in the world and offers one of the most vibrant cultural landscapes in Europe. Salient Features 1. Geography: The state covers an area of 34,083 km2 and shares borders with Belgium in the southwest and the Netherlands in the west and northwest. It has borders with the German states of Lower Saxony to the north and northeast, Rhineland-Palatinate to the south and Hesse to the southeast. Thinking of North Rhine-Westphalia also means thinking of the big rivers, of the grassland, the forests, the lakes that stretch between the Eifel hills and the Teutoburg Forest range. The most important rivers flowing at least partially through North Rhine-Westphalia include: the Rhine, the Ruhr, the Ems, the Lippe, and the Weser.
    [Show full text]
  • The German Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research
    HErZ The German Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research BY CLEMENS SIMMER, GERHARD ADRIAN, SARAH JONES, VOLKMAR WIRTH, MARTIN GÖBER, CATHY HOHENEggER, TIJANA JANJIC´, JAN KELLER, CHRISTIAN OHLWEIN, AXEL SEIFERT, SILKE TRÖMEL, THORSTEN ULBRICH, KATHRIN WAPLER, MARTIN WEISSMANN, JULIA KELLER, MATTHIEU MASBOU, STEFANIE MEILINGER, NICOLE RIß, ANNIKA SCHOMBURG, ARND VORMANN, AND CHRISTA WEINGÄRTNER German universities are partnering with the German Weather Service to more effectively link basic research and teaching in atmospheric sciences with the challenges of operational weather forecasting and climate monitoring. undamental research addressing the challenges www.dwd.de/ertel-zentrum) was established in 2011 of weather forecasting is required in order to as a virtual center that develops and organizes a last- Fsteadily improve the quality of weather forecasts ing cooperation along common research objectives and climate monitoring. The potential for such re- between the German Weather Service [Deutscher search to be translated into operational advances is Wetterdienst (DWD)] and German universities and increased significantly if carried out in collaboration research institutions. The focus of HErZ is on basic with the national meteorological and hydrometeo- research. The concept foresees that the knowledge rological service (NMHS; acronyms are listed in the and understanding gained through HErZ will be appendix) of the country in question. To this end, transitioned into operations over a time scale of about the Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather
    [Show full text]
  • Collaboration in a Local Hydrogen Cluster in Germany
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Juelich Shared Electronic Resources Collaboration in a Local Hydrogen Cluster in Germany B. Jermer This document appeared in Detlef Stolten, Thomas Grube (Eds.): 18th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2010 - WHEC 2010 Parallel Sessions Book 5: Strategic Analyses / Safety Issues / Existing and Emerging Markets Proceedings of the WHEC, May 16.-21. 2010, Essen Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich / Energy & Environment, Vol. 78-5 Institute of Energy Research - Fuel Cells (IEF-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, 2010 ISBN: 978-3-89336-655-2 Proceedings WHEC2010 219 Collaboration in a Local Hydrogen Cluster in Germany Boris Jermer*, HyCologne, Hydrogen Region Rhineland, Germany According to Michael Porter [1] a Cluster "is a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities". As the sum of its parts is of greater value than each individual company or institution (e.g. clusters create synergy). As Feldman [2] points out cluster formation is a process that relies on the coevolution of technology, business models and local supporting institutions. Clusters have the potential to improve competitiveness (which results in improved productivity) in three ways: (1) they improve productivity through improved access to specialized suppliers, skills and information. (2) Innovation is given more importance as the need for improvement in processes of production is highlighted and (3) once established, clusters tend to grow as a result of the creation of new firms and the entrance of new suppliers. 1 Approach and Members of HyCologne HyCologne is a regional hydrogen and fuel cell cluster in the Rhine area around Cologne.
    [Show full text]