Cutting

can be subject to cupping, twisting In this issue: and bowing. Often, dry boards will absorb moisture from the Cutting Lumber 1 atmosphere and will become distorted. Flat sawn lumber has a large variety of appearances based Drying Lumber 2 on the angle of the growth rings relative to the surface of the Show & Tell 4 board. The annular rings are generally 30 degrees or less to the Warren Johnson’s Mill face of the board; this is often referred to as tangential grain. The resulting displays a cathedral Warren Johnson, VP and Program Director for CWA, recently pattern on the face of the board. Treasurer’s Report purchased a lumber mill and Q u a r t e r Closing Balance $3314 presented to the Association what sawing is Memberships 201 he knew of cutting and drying m o r e lumber. expensive than flat Warren made his presentation January’s Raffle sawn and based on what he knew prior to Prizes involves cutting the log radially into owning and operating a lumber mill four quarters. Once quartered, and what he has learned since. there are two different ways in 10” Irwin Trim Saw Blade Warren presented the processes which boards are extracted from CA Glue w/ Activator used for flat sawn, quarter sawn the log as shown in the photos. The Ryobi and rift sawn lumber and compared upper method is more complex and Ridgid out feed support the relative advantages and labor intensive, but leaves far less disadvantages of each. waste from the log. The method on Irwin 12” Quick Grip clamps the right hand side can be executed is the most common, quickly, simply plain sawing the The CWA meeting least expensive quartered log. However, this lumber. Flat raffle could benefit from technique leaves large amounts of s a w i n g your donation. If you waste wood. In a quarter sawn (sometimes have any (old or board, the growth rings of the tree called plain are closer to perpendicular to the new) or shop supplies sawing) is the surface of the board than in most you would like to donate simplest method for a log flat sawn boards. In certain species to be raffled, please into planks and involves making a of wood, most notably , this bring them to the series of parallel cuts through the creates a beautiful visual effect. log. This method is quick and meeting. These boards are more stable than leaves the least amount of waste. flat sawn, being less susceptible to Because of the directional tension distortion that comes with across the grain as the wood dries, expansion and contraction from ages and wears, flat sawn boards absorbing and releasing atmospheric moisture. Stable quar- ter sawn lumber is often recommend- ed when stability is important. Drying Lumber W a r r e n In the process, deliberate control is the most expensive and J o h n s o n least common as though it creates of temperature, relative humidity c o n t i n u e d the most and air circulation is provided to his presen- s t a b l e give conditions at various stages tation on boards, it (moisture contents or times) of dry- v a r i o u s is the ing the timber to achieve effective methods of drying lumber. Warren m o s t drying. Kiln drying provides a means presented air drying, fired kiln dry- wasteful. of overcoming the limitations im- ing, solar kiln drying, dehumidificai- Each of these boards is cut radially posed by erratic weather conditions. ton kiln drying and vacuum kiln dry- perpendicular to the growth rings of In kiln drying as in air drying, un- ing along with the advatanges and the tree. There are large triangles of saturated air is used as the drying waste left from between each board. disadgantages of each. medium. As a result, rift sawn lumber is costly Air drying is the drying of timber by Fired kiln uses directly induced to produce and therefore, the most exposing it to the air. The tech- heat through the use of a fueled or expensive type of planks available nique of air drying consists of stack- electric heater. These kilns are from a log. Rift sawn wood can be ing sawn timber with the boards sep- generally a masonry building, manufactured either as a compliment arated by stickers on raised founda- though other materials are used. to quarter sawn lumber or logs can be tions, in a clean, cool, dry and shady cut specifically as rift sawn. In rift Heating is usually carried out by place. Rate of drying largely de- sawn lumber the annual rings are typ- steam heat pends on climatic conditions, and on ically between 30-60 degrees, with 45 exchangers the air movement. For successful air degrees being optimum. Manufac- and pipes of drying, a continuous and uniform tured by milling perpendicular to the various config- flow of air throughout the pile of the log’s growth rings producing a linear urations (or by timber needs to be arranged. The grain pattern with no flecking. large flue rate of loss of moisture can be con- pipes through which hot gases from This method produces the most trolled by coating the planks with a wood burning furnace are passed. waste, increasing cost. Rift sawn any substance that is relatively im- Only occasionally is electricity or lumber is the most dimensionally sta- permeable to moisture. Coating the ble cut of lumber and has a unique gas employed for heating. Fans are ends of logs with oil or thick linear appearance. Rift sawn lumber then used for carrying the heat to improves their quality upon drying. is typically narrow with straight grain and the moisture away from all Benefits- Advantages/Disadvantages: pattern on the face of the board. The parts of a load. Least expensive drying method and annular rings or a rift sawn board are air drying often produces a higher A solar kiln is a cross between about 30-60 degrees to the face of quality, more easily workable wood kiln drying and air drying. These the board, but 45 degrees is opti- than with kiln drying, depending on kilns are generally a greenhouse mum. Similar to quarter sawn , rift climate, takes several months to a with a high-temperature fan and sawn is also referred to as radial number of years to air-dry the wood. either vents or a condensing sys- grain. Kiln drying, as listed above, takes tem. Advantages/Disadvantages: many forms. Not matter the type of Solar kilns are slower and variable kiln, kiln drying generally consists of due to the weather, low invest- introducing heat. Heat can be intro- ment, low operating costs, can con- duced directly, such as through a trol rate of drying, good quality of fueled heater, or indirectly, such as lumber, no sterilization. through solar energy. A dehumidification kiln is a This means that if capital outlay is closed loop (unvented) system involved, this capital is just sitting which uses a heat pump to con- there for a longer time when air dense moisture in the air and to drying is used. On the other hand, warm the dry air. Fans blow the air installing an industrial kiln, to say through the piles. These kilns oper- nothing of maintenance and opera- ate at about 120°F and use about tion, is expensive. half the energy of a conventional In addition, wood that is being air kiln. Advantages/Disadvantages: dried takes up space, which could Moderate investment, moderate also cost money. operating costs, produces good In air drying, there is little control quality lumber. over the drying elements, so drying degrade cannot be controlled. A vacuum kiln is a newer method The temperatures employed in kiln CWA Google Groups which uses reduced atmospheric drying typically kill all the fungi and Communicate with other CWA colleagues pressure to speed up the insects in the wood if a maximum on Google dry-bulb temperature of above drying process. A variety of vacu- With a single email you can let others know um the wood charge. By using vac- 130°F is used for the drying sched- what’s happening, share some information uum technologies the moisture in ule. This is not guaranteed in air or get an answer to a question. the wood can be evaporated at a drying. Note: You Can Join This Group on Your Own! lower temperature and thus faster. If air drying is done improperly (exposed to the sun), the rate of To join: Advantages/Disadvantages: Very drying may be overly rapid in the expensive typically due to the heat  Create a Google account, if necessary dry (requires name, email and password). of vaporization being provided by summer months, causing cracking  Please save your password in a secure electricity rather than local fossil and splitting, and too slow during place for future use. fuel or waste wood sources, pro- the cold winter months.  Paste the entire line below in your web duces the highest quality wood, browser’s address bar The significant advantages of con- typically used for high value lumber  http://groups.google.com/group/ ventional kiln drying include higher charlotte-woodworkers or projects. throughput and better control of  “Sign in” Click the link "Join this Group" (on the right). A comparison of air drying, conven- the final moisture content. Conven-  Once "signed in" select the radio button tional kiln and solar drying is given tional kiln and solar drying both "Email" at the bottom and enter a nick- below: enable wood to be dried to any name. moisture content regardless of  Send an email out to the group to intro- Timber can be dried to a desired weather conditions. For most large- duce yourself! moisture content by conventional scale drying operations solar and  Use "charlotte- or solar kiln drying, but in air dry- conventional kiln drying are more [email protected]" as the "send to" in an email to send a commu- ing, moisture contents of less than efficient than air drying. nication to all members of the group. 18 percent can be difficult to . Here in NC it is not difficult to air dry to about 10 percent. Find CWA Online @

The drying times are considerably http://www.charlottewoodworkers.org/ less in a conventional kiln than a https://www.facebook.com/pages/Charlotte-Woodworkers/244821488888300 solar kiln drying, followed by air drying. https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!forum/charlotte-woodworkers Show & Tell Bruce Bogust – with hand carved swan heads

Stan Howell & Randy Hock – Gunbox Tables, part of Learn & Build led by Bob Fields

Mike Smith – Cross boy toy following the plans of Steve Ramsey of Wood Working for Mere Mortals

Mark Willingham – Music instrument and Mike Smith – Pens sheet music stand and Pen Display

Rob Andrews – Turned bowl (art) from holly Pete Stoffel – Storage cabinet Note: Picture shown is representative of project. Pictures of actual project not available.

Please Bring in Your Recent Project or an Item of Interest to our next CWA Meeting Learn & Build Winter - A project to build a Spring - During the spring three legged stool is being months Dave Powles discussed a planned. This will be a project chair making project. This arm similar to the Show-and-Tell chair will have a ‘slip item Brue Bogust discussed in seat’ (upholstered sat that can be November. slips out). It is built with joints.

Registration - Look at the CWA website to register interest and sign up for the projects; as information details appear on the website. http://www.charlottewoodworkers.org/

-Bank Account: CWA will create an addi- tional bank account for irregular income (income that is not projected or ex- Based on his recent trip to the pected). The current account will be used “Eye Doctor” (ophthalmologist to fund regular Association business such or optometrist – we don’t as taxes while the new account will be know) John Seaman found out used to fund special items and purchases. there is no such thing as shatter -Sound System: Mike Smith still working on it. proof glasses. However, the -Jackson Park Monthly Donation: Board approved $50 monthly donation recommended standard for for one more year, to be reviewed for 2015. is ANSI Z-87. -Safety Manuals: Nearly finished on stationary equipment and should be These are available in attractive published in about 60 days. Committee looks to start of portable equip- frames (at least John thinks ment next. Manual will be printed and placed in loose-leaf binders stra- they are attractive). tegically around JPM Shop. -Program—-of-the-Month: Board voted to include as a program that Warren Johnson will facilitate as VP. -Meeting with Committee Reps: Board planes on conducting meeting with NEWSLETTER the various committee chairs/reps during monthly board meeting on a PICTURES AND NOTES: rotating basis in order to ensure better communications. This will include Thank you! some activities that are not specifically committees, i.e. library. Pete Stoffel, who takes notes Mike Smith, for the pictures

Mike Smith organizes club membership shop tours periodically. The goal is to have shop tours scheduled that are in the same general geographic area to reduce the dis- tances traveled between shops and permit time to adequately tour several shops in a day. Please sign up even if you don’t have a fancy shop If you would like to put your shop on the shop tour list, please contact Mike at: [email protected] Note: all shop tours are for active CWA members only. Please refrain from bringing guests, family members, friends, dogs etc.

CWA MEETING PRESENTATIONS Monday Night Open JPM

All members are asked to keep an eye out for anyone that might make be a suitable program presenter Shop Use for our CWA club meetings. Who knows, it might even be you! Any current CWA member who would like to use the shop is welcome to do so. CWA members are there on Monday  Dulcimer making  Workshop Design nights at 5:30 pm if you need any advice or  Shaker Table Build Workshop  Dust Collection 101 assistance with a project.  Wheel making  Saw Blades 101, Freud Blades and Bits  making  “Easy Wood Tools" for Ensure you have completed the CWA  Spoon Carving ‘waiver form’ before you use any of the  Small Shops  Fitting a Drawer tools and equipment and follow the “Shop  Finishing  Power Carving Foreman’s” directions and safety proce-  Product Development Presentation (by Boxes dures.  Stanley Black & Decker) Hide Glue   Thomas Day Furniture Presentation Tuning up a Wide Board   Sharpening Please share your woodwork-   Lidded Wood Boxes ing knowledge, interesting ex-   Wooden Flute Making Turning a Peppermill   Spoke Shavers perience and/or a useful tip  Using SketchUp  All About Wood with your CWA colleagues by  Building  Stringing writing an article for the Cutting Style Feet on a Bandsaw   Fixing Your Mistakes (Parts 1 and 2) Building a Mantle Clock CWA Newsletter.   Cutting and Drying Lumber  Tools and Changes in the Industry Send your article to

If you know of someone with a woodworking skill that would be of inter- [email protected] est to CWA members please contact Warren Johnson @ warren- [email protected].

C WA F RIENDS AND S PONSORS Please thank them every time you use their services.

Woodcraft Irwin Tools The Woodworking Source 1725 Windsor Drive http://www.irwin.com/ 184 Azalea Road Matthews, NC 28105 Mooresville, NC (704) 847-8300 Farris Belt & Saw http://www.thewoodworkingsource.com Charlotte Store 235 Foster Ave. Phone: 704-662-9663 Charlotte, NC 28203 Wholesale Tools www.farrisbelt.com Whiteside Machine Company 4200 Barringer Drive 704-527-6166 4506 Shook Road Charlotte NC 28217 Complete sharpening services and Claremont, NC 1-800-438-3580 (Service) http://www.whitesiderouterbits.com www.wttool.com Horizon Forest Products Phone: 828-459-2141 5% - 20% discount with current membership card. Greenville, S.C. http://www.horizonforest.com/ Klingspor's Woodworking Shop Local Charlotte Salesman Chad Mitchell, 704-401- www.woodworkingshop.com 6426 800-288-0000

Directions to Jackson Park Ministries

From the intersection of I-85 and Billy Graham Parkway: Take Billy Graham Parkway South. Turn Right on Paul Brown Blvd / West Blvd. (this will be after the main entrance to the airport) Turn Right on Airport Drive. First left on Sentry Post Drive. At the end of Sentry Post Drive there is driveway on the left. Enter here. Using the photo above, drive down the driveway and around to the warehouse with the “x” on the top.

From the intersection of South Tryon Street and Billy Graham Parkway (where Woodlawn turns in to Billy Graham). Also exit 6 from I-77.): Take Billy Graham Parkway North. Turn Left on Paul Brown Blvd / West Blvd. (this will be at the light after the Tyvola Road exit) Follow from Step 3 above…

CLASSIFIEDS CALENDAR OF Buy—Sell—Trade—Look For EVENTS January 27, 2014: FOR SALE LOOKING FOR 5:00pm Open Shop CWA has for sale:  14” Grizzley Bandsaw February 3, 2014:  10” Delta 5:00pm Open Shop February 10, 2014: Do you have some woodworking related items to sell or items you are looking to obtain? Send an email to the CWA Google Group 5:00pm Open Shop [email protected] 6:00pm Board Meeting or Just email me at February 17, 2014: [email protected] with a description of the item(s) and an email address and/or phone number at which you can be contact- 5:00pm Open Shop ed. I’ll include that information in the monthly newsletter. February 18, 2014:

Monthly Meeting. 5:30pm Social Regular CWA Meeting Time and Place 6:15pm Meeting

Meetings of the Charlotte Woodworkers Association, Inc are held the third Tuesday of each February 24, 2014: month, except for December. Meetings are held at Jackson Park Ministries Woodshop at Sentry 5:00pm Open Shop Post Drive, Charlotte, NC.

A social and refreshment time starts ar 5:30pm; our meeting starts at 6:15pm. Come to the meet- ing early and get to know your fellow woodworking enthusiasts! See map on previous page.

2014 CWA Board Members

David Powles John Seaman President Board Member at Large (704) 506-0403 704-556-1500 [email protected] [email protected]

Warren Johnson Vice-President Randy Hock (202) 997-6651 Board Member at Large [email protected] 980-207-1226 [email protected]

Fred Miller Treasurer (704) 650-8520 [email protected] Bob Meunier Rob Andrews CWA Librarian Secretary 704-877-5608 (704) 861-2705 [email protected] [email protected]

Mike Smith Joe Hattaway Chairman of the Board CWA Website 704-535-4497 (704) 366-7475 [email protected] [email protected]