Final Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan

Home , Central Railway zone, Gangrel Dam

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

For

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

Project Proponent :

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways , Gov ernment of India )

Environmental Consultant :

ENVIRO INFRA SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. Accredited by NABET (Quality Council of India) for EIA studies as ‘A’ Category Consultant Ph.: 0120 - 4151183 Email: [email protected] Website: www.enviroinfrasolutions.com QCI NABET certificate No. – NABET EIA/1922/ RA 0157 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table of Contents Section Contents Page No. No. CHAPTER - 1: INTRODUCTION 1 - 2 7 1.1 Project Background 1 - 1 1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent 1 - 1 1.3 Brief Description of the Project and its Importance to the 1 - 2 Country 1.3.1 Salient features of the project 1 - 2 1.4 Scope of the EIA/EMP Study (As per TOR) 1 - 5 1.5 Objectives of the Consultancy Services 1 - 6 1.6 Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework 1 - 7 1.7 Structure of the Report 1 - 12 1.8 TOR approved by MoEF&CC and its Compliance 1 - 13 CHAPTER - 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 - 30 2.1 Introduction 2 - 1 2.2 Need of the Project & Brief about the Project 2 - 1 2.3 Land Requirement for the proposed project 2 - 5 2.4 Water Requirement for the proposed project 2 - 5 2.5 Traffic Survey and Analysis 2 - 5 2.6 Traffic Management Plan 2 - 12 2.7 Details of the Structures proposed along the Proposed 2 - 14 Alignment 2.7.1 Details of the proposed bridges 2 - 14 2.7.2 Details of the proposed major/minor Junctions 2 - 17 2.7.3 Details of the proposed ROBs 2 - 19 2.7.4 Details of proposed Interchanges & Flyover 2 - 20 2.7.5 Details of vehicular, light and pedestrian underpasses 2 - 20 2.7.6 Details of the Proposed Box Culverts 2 - 23 2.7.7 Details of the proposed tunnel 2 - 29 2.8 Typical cross section 2 - 30 2.9 Cost Estimates 2 - 30 C HAPTER - 3 : DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 1 - 79 3.1 Preparation of Questionnaires for Environmental 3 - 1 Parameters 3.1.1 Field Observation on Questionnaire 3 - 1 3.1.2 Screening, Testing & Monitoring of Physical 3 - 1 Environmental Factors 3.1.3 Secondary Available Data 3 - 5 3.2 Analyses, Compilation And Preparation of Report 3 - 6 3.3 Baseline Environmental Conditions 3 - 6 3.3.1 Physical/Natural Environment 3 - 6 3.3.2 Geographical Location of the project Highway 3 - 7

Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd . 1 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3.3.3 Land Use and Terrain 3 - 7 3.3.4 Climate and Micro - Meteorological Parameters 3 - 10 3.3.5 Natural Hazards and Vulnerability of the sub project area 3 - 12 3.4 Geology of the study area 3 - 13 3.4.1 Field study and Sampling locations 3 - 14 3.4.2 Soil Quality along the study area 3 - 17 3.5 Air Environment 3 - 18 3.5.1 Ambient Air monitoring locations 3 - 18 3.5.2 Ambient Air Quality along the study area 3 - 20 3.6 Noise Environment 3 - 25 3.6.1 Noise Monitoring locations 3 - 25 3.6.2 Noise monitoring along the study area 3 - 26 3.7 Water Environment 3 - 28 3.7.1 Water bodies within proposed RoW 3 - 28 3.7.2 Hydrology for the study area 3 - 29 3.7.3 Water Quality of the study area 3 - 38 3.7.3.1 Water Sampling Locations 3 - 38 3.7.3.2 Ground Water Quality along the Study Area 3 - 39 3.7.3.3 Surface Water Quality along the study area 3 - 41 3.8 Biological environment 3 - 42 3.8.1 Ecology and Biodiversity Study 3 - 44 3.8.2 Flora /Vegetation Study 3 - 44 3.8.3 Bio - diversity Study 3 - 44 3.8.4 Tree cutting 3 - 63 3.9 Socio - Economic profile of the study area 3 - 63 CHAPTER - 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & 1 - 39 MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Introduction 4 - 1 4.2 Potential Impacts on Soil 4 - 1 4.2.1 Loss of Productive Soil 4 - 1 4.2.2 Erosion 4 - 1 4.2.3 Contamination of Soil 4 - 2 4.3 Impacts on Water Resources 4 - 3 4.3.1 Modification of the Surface Water Flow 4 - 3 4.3.2 Modification of the Groundwater Flow 4 - 3 4.3.3 Rainwater Harvesting 4 - 4 4.3.4 Use of Local Water Supply 4 - 5 4.3.5 Water Quality Degradation 4 - 5 4.4 Impact on Ambient Air Quality 4 - 5 4.4.1 Impacts During Construction Phase 4 - 6 4.4.1.1 Use of Fly Ash 4 - 7 4.4.1.2 Borrow Area Soil 4 - 7 4.4.1.3 Coarse aggregates (stone) and Fine Aggregate (Sand) 4 - 7 Materials

Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd . 2 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4.4.1.4 Bitumen 4 - 7 4.4.1.5 Cement 4 - 7 4.4.1.6 Steel 4 - 7 4.4.2 Impacts During Operation Phase 4 - 9 4.4.2.1 Prediction of Impact on Ambient Air Quality 4 - 9 4.4.2.2 Change in Ambient air and GLC 4 - 1 2 4.5 Impact On Noise Levels 4 - 1 6 4.5.1 Prediction of Noise Impact on Noise Level 4 - 1 7 4.5.2 Mitigation measures to reduce Noise levels 4 - 21 4.6 Impact on Flora, Fauna and Ecosystem 4 - 21 4.6.1 Removal of trees 4 - 22 4.6.2 Removal of Herbal Cover 4 - 2 2 4.6.3 Conservation and Mitigation Measures 4 - 2 2 4.6.3.1 Integrated Eco - friendly designs 4 - 2 4 4.6.3.2 Impact of Noise, Light and Power lines on Wild animals 4 - 2 7 4.7 Impact on Protected Monuments and Cultural Heritage 4 - 2 7 Sites 4.8 Impacts on Social Environment 4 - 2 7 4.9 Impacts on Road Safety and Public Health 4 - 2 7 4.10 Mitigation Measures 4 - 2 8 4.10.1 Soil 4 - 2 8 4.10.2 Water Resources 4 - 2 8 4.10.3 Ambient Air Quality 4 - 2 9 4.10.4 Noise Levels 4 - 29 4.10.5 Human Health and Safety 4 - 3 0 4.10.6 Measures Taken For Pedestrian Safety 4 - 3 1 4.11 Biological Characteristics 4 - 3 1 4.12 Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment 4 - 3 4 CHAPTER - 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 1 - 1 9 5. 1 Introduction 5 - 1 5. 2 Selection of Alternative 5 - 1 5. 3 With and Without Project Scenario 5 - 1 8 CHAPTER - 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6 1 - 5 6. 1 Environment Monitoring Programme 6 - 1 6. 2 Environmental Monitoring Cost 6 - 4 CHAPTER - 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES 1 - 62 7.1 Introduction 7 - 1 7.2 Preparation Of Site Specific Wildlife Management Plan For 7 - 1 The Proposed Project Highway 7. 3 Public Consultation 7 - 1 7.3 .1 Introduction 7 - 1

Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd . 3 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.3 .2 Methodology Followed For Public Consultation 7 - 2 7.3 .3 Public Consultation Process 7 - 2 7.3 .4 Key Issues 7 - 4 7.3 .5 Consultation during design 7 - 4 7.3 .6 Consultation Session 7 - 4 7.3 .7 Continued Consultation 7 - 7 7. 4 Public Hearing 7 - 8 7. 5 Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Study in the Project 7 - 26 7.5 .1 Methodology 7 - 26 7.5 . 2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 7 - 27 7.5 .3 Project Profile 7 - 27 7.5 .4 Project Affected Households (PAHs) & Project 7 - 28 Affected Population(PAPs) 7.5 .5 Land Acquisition 7 - 28 7.5 .6 Public Consultation 7 - 28 7.5 .7 Potential Impacts 7 - 29 7.5 .8 Mitigation and Enhancement Measures 7 - 30 7.5 .9 R&R Budget 7 - 30 7.5 .10 Project Impact Zone 7 - 30 7.4.11 Conclusions 7 - 31 7. 6 Census And Socio - Economic Survey 7 - 32 7.6.1 Survey of Project Affected families 7 - 32 7.6 .2 Socio - Economic Characteristics PAFs and PAPs 7 - 34 7.6 .3 Education Status 7 - 35 7.6 .4 Sex Ratio 7 - 35 7.6 .5 Religious Status 7 - 35 7.6 .6 Occupational Pattern 7 - 35 7.6 .7 Income Category 7 - 37 7.6 .8 Common Property Resources 7 - 37 7.6 .9 Social Stratification 7 - 37 7. 7 Land Acquisition 7 - 3 8 7.7 .1 Introduction 7 - 3 8 7.7 .2 Land Acquisition: Legal Framework 7 - 3 8 7.7 .3 Land Acquisition Planning For Subproject 7 - 3 9 7.7 .4 Impact on Structures 7 - 4 0 7.7 .5 Type of Land Being Acquired For the Project 7 - 4 0 7.7 .6 Impact of Land Acquisition 7 - 4 0 7. 8 Mitigation & Enhancement Measures 7 - 4 1 7.8 .1 Introduction 7 - 4 1 7.8 .2 Mitigation Measures Proposed 7 - 4 1 7.8 .3 Enhancement Opportunities 7 - 4 2 7.8 .4 Proposed Action Plan 7 - 4 2 7.8 .5 Implementation of RAP 7 - 4 2 7. 9 Institutional Framework & Grievance Redressal 7 - 4 4 Mechanism 7.9 .1 Introduction 7 - 4 4 7.9 .2 Central Level Institutional Arrangement 7 - 4 6 7.9 .3 State Level Institutional Arrangement 7 - 4 7

Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd . 4 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.9 .4 Sub - Project Level Institutional Arrangements 7 - 4 7 7.9 .5 Coordination with Other Agencies and Organizations 7 - 49 7.9 .6 Role of Other Agencies 7 - 49 7.9 .7 Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) 7 - 50 7.9 .8 Suggestions and Complaint Handling Mechanism (SCHM) 7 - 52 7.9 .9 Information Campaign 7 - 53 7. 10 Gender Issues And Women Participation 7 - 54 7.10 .1 General 7 - 54 7.10 .2 Impact on Women 7 - 54 7. 10. 3 Participation of Women in Project 7 - 55 7.10 .4 Impact of Developmental Activities on Women 7 - 55 7.10 .5 Women Involvement in Development Process 7 - 56 through Empowerment 7.10 .6 Involvement of Women in Construction Activities 7 - 57 7.10 .7 Specific Provisions in the Construction Camp for Women 7 - 58 7.11 R&R Budget 7 - 60 7.11 .1 Introduction 7 - 60 7.11 .2 Cost of Land and other Replacement Value 7 - 60 7.11 .3 Compensation for Structures 7 - 61 7.11 .4 Provision for development of Community Structures 7 - 61 7.11 .5 Budget 7 - 61 7. 12 Conclusion 7 - 61 7.1 3 Road Side Safety Measures 7 - 62 CHAPTER - 8: PROJECT BENEFITS 1 - 3 8.1 Introduction 8 - 1 8.2 Environmental Benefits from the Project 8 - 1 8.3 Socio - economic Benefit of the Project 8 - 2 8.4 Other Tangible Benefits 8 - 2 8.5 Road Safety 8 - 2 8.6 Reduction in Vehicle Operating Cost 8 - 3 8.7 Indirect Benefits 8 - 3 CHAPTER - 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 1 - 1 CHAPTER - 10 : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 - 37 10.1 Introduction 10 - 1 10.2 Enhancement of Natural Environment 10 - 1 10.2 .1 Plantation of Trees, Shrubs and Herbs along the 10 - 1 proposed National Highway 10.2 .2 Enhancement of Water Bodies 10 - 2 10.3 Conservation Status and Biodiversity Management 10 - 2 10.3 .1 Threats to Biodiversity in the Project Site 10 - 3 10.4 Physical Environment 10 - 3 10.4 .1 Construction of Bus Stops 10 - 3 10.4 .2 Developing Truck Stoppage Complex 10 - 3 10.4 .3 Enhancement of Major Road Intersections 10 - 4

Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd . 5 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

10.4 .4 Enhancement of Cultural Properties 10 - 4 10.4 .5 Enhancement of Quarries and Borrow Areas 10 - 4 10.4.6 Management Measures for Muck Disposal Sites 10 - 7 10.5 Solid Waste Management 10 - 9 10.6 Environment Management Action Plan 10 - 11 10.7 Green Belt Development Plan 10 - 31 10.7 .1 Plantation operations and practices for Greenbelt and 10 - 33 open space replantation 10.8 Environmental Management Plan Budget 10 - 34 CHAPTER - 11 : SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1 - 27 11.1 Introduction 11 - 1 11.2 About The Project And Its Location 11 - 1 11.3 Description Of environment 11 - 4 11.4 Impacts And Mitigation measures 11 - 7 11.5 Analysis Of alternatives 11 - 24 11.6 Environmental Monitoring programme 11 - 24 11.7 Additional studies 11 - 25 11.8 Project benefits 11 - 25 11.9 Environmental Management Plan(Emp) 11 - 26 11.10 Findings & Conclusion 11 - 26 CHAPTER - 12 : DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED 1 - 8 12.1 Introduction to Firm 12 - 1 12.2 Area of Expertise 12 - 2 12.3 Brief Resume of Team Members 12 - 2 12.4 QCI/ NABET Accreditation Certificate 12 - 4 12.5 Brief About the Laboratory 12 - 5 12.6 Declaration By Experts Contributing To The EIA 12 - 7

Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd . 6 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure – I Copy of Approved TOR

Annexure – II Details of water bodies falling along the alignment marked in SOI

Toposheet

Annexure – III Ground Survey Map in 1:2000

Annexure – IV Typical Cross Section Details

Annexure – V NABET/QCI Certificate of Environment Consultant

Annexure – V I NABL/MoEF&CC Certificate of Laboratory

Annexure – VI I Copy of the notification of the proposed project

Annexure - VII I List of villages falling along the project (Copy of 3a Notification)

Annexure - IX Public Hearing Minutes of meeting

Annexure - X CAG Action Plan

Annexure - X I Wildlife Management and Conservation Plan

Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd . 7 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

CHAPTER - 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) through National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has decided the assignment of Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coasta l road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India under Bharatmala Pariyojna Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2 having length of proposed alignment 464.662 km (which is totally green field) which starts from near Abhanpur (ch. 0.00 0) / Ch. 61.600 of proposed Raipur - Durg Bypass and ends at Vishakhapatnam bypass (ch.464.662) of Existing section of SH - 38 . The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has entrusted YONGMA Engineering Co. Ltd. JV With Arkitechno Consultants (I) Pvt. L td . with the assignment to prepare the DPR of the Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India under Bharatmala Pariyojna Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand / Package - 2 (Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 124.661) from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and passing through four districts such as Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts of Chhattisgarh state and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur t ehsil in Kondagaon districts . Further, YONGMA Engineering Co. Ltd. JV with Arkitechno Consultants (I) Pvt. Ltd, has assigned CEMC Pvt. Ltd. in association with Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd. , a NABET accredited consultant to prepare the Environmental Imp act Assessment report including Environmental Management Plan for the above referred project . The propos ed project is the construction of new six lane National Highway and provide s better connectivity to Chhattisgarh , Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and other neigh bouring states . 1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT The proposed National Highway is planned to connect Chhattisgarh to Andhra Pradesh with new alignment that has been envisaged through an area which shall have the advantage of simultaneous de velopment as well as shall result in a shorter distance to travel. The proposed project notification is issued for Brown Field alignment. Amendment to this Notification is under process of Issuance (Copy of the Notification is attached as Annexure - VII). The proposed National Highway is Gr een field alignment project and proposed for 6 lane National Highway . The project road starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and passing through four districts such as Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker a nd Kondagaon districts and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajp ur tehsil in Kondagaon district of Chhattisgarh state from CH: 0.000 to 124.661 having a total length of 124.661 Kms. The proposed National Highway will pass through Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts in the state of Chhattisgarh .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 1

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

P roposed National Highway travers es from 21°05'18.85" N 81°45'01.40" E to 20°01'44.59" N 81° 51'58.13" E . The project proponent is National Highways Authority of India (Ministry of Road Transport & Hi ghways (MORT&H), Government of Ind ia.) Project Implementation Unit, Dhamtari Chhattisgarh . 1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY The proposed N ational H ighway is Green field alignment project and proposed for 6 lane carriageway width with paved shoulders. The project road starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon districts from CH: 0.000 to 124.661 having a total length of 124.661 Kms . The lo cation of proposed project has been shown in Figure 1.1. 1.3.1 Salient features of the project The salient features of the proposed project have been presented in Table 1.1 . Table 1.1: Salient features of the proposed project

2. Location of the proposed The proposed project will start from Jhanki village of project Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and passing through four districts such as Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts of Chhattisgarh state and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur te hsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh.

3. No, of affected villages by Raipur District: 06 villages Land acquisition Dhamtari District : 35 villages Kanker District: 16 villages Kondagaon District: 09 villages Total: 66 villages

4. Total Length of the 124.661 km proposed project

5. Total Area of Land Total Land Acquisition: 745.13 Ha .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 2

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Acquisition Government/Private Land: 517.0875 ha Fore st Land: 228.0425 Ha.

6. Terrain Mostly plain and rolling area and some stretches it passes through hilly terrain. .

7. Seismic Zone Zone II

8. Geographical Location Starting Point: 21°05'18.85" N 81°45'01.40" E

End Point:

20°01'44.59" N 81° 51' 58.13" E

9. Proposed Bridges Major Bridges – 06 Nos. Minor Bridges – 34 Nos. Animal Underpasses – 26 Nos.

10. Proposed ROBs / ROBs: 1, VUP: 09 , LVUP: 44, VOP : 01, TUNNEL : 01 Underpasses / Flyover including Pedestrian underpass/Tunnels and Viaducts

11. Culverts 174 Nos

12. Right of Way 60 m in general and 45 m in forest areas

13. Design Speed 100 km/hr for plain terrain and for rolling terrain

14. Carriageway 2 x 14.5 m.

15. Embankment 1.2 m (Average)

16. Proposed Toll Plazas 01 location at km 13+3 00; 10 lanes on both side

17. Safety Measure Crash Barriers

18. Lighting Lighting all along including High Masts at Toll plazas, interchanges, major bridges / ROB’s and Amenities and Truck Parking Areas

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 3

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

19. No of Structures Affected 54 Nos. (23 Nos. Puc ca, 12 Nos. Semi Pucca and 19 Nos. Kutcha/Hut)

20. Total Project Cost 3667.14 Cr (approx.)

Environmental & Social Features

21. Forest Land Diversion 228.0425 Ha.

22. Water bodies Impacted At 36 locations (08 Ponds, 10 canals, 10 local streams, 06 Seas onal streams, 01 location (Mahanadi River) and 01 Nalah/Canal)

23. Existing trees within ROW 38,433

24. Compensatory plantation Approx. 1,15,299 nos of trees shall be planted ( Two row on either sides within the available RoW shall be done and shrubs shal l be planted in the median )

25. Green belt development As per IRC SP 21:2009 / MoRTH Code / Guidelines

26. No. of project affected Total PAFs – 54 Total PAPs – 270 persons (PAFs) & (PAPs)

27. Resettlement & Rehabilitation Rs. 227.61 Crores Cost (R&R) including land Cost

The proposed National Highway is part of an Economic Corridors, Inter - corr idors, feeder routes and Coastal road from Chhattisgarh to Andhra Pradesh and is being planned from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajp ur tehsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh by the Government of India . The proposed National Highway project with new alignment has been envisaged through an area which shall have the advantage of simulta neous development as well as shall result in a shorter distance to travel. The junctions with existing road will be planned in the form of interchanges and flyover to ensure uninterrupted flow of traffic . The proposed NH would act as the prime artery for t he economic flow to this region. It will enhance economic development, provide employment opportunities to locals, strengthen tourist development, ensure road safety and provide better transportation facilities and other facilities such as way side ameniti es. Vehicle operating cost will also be reduced due to improved road quality. The compensatory plantation and road side plantation shall further improve the air quality of the region

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 4

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Figure 1.1: Location of the Proposed Project National Highway

1.4 SCOPE OF THE EIA/EMP STUDY (AS PER TOR) The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India, in its N otification S . O. 1533 dated September 14, 2006 has made it mandatory to obtain Environmental Clearance (EC) for any expansion, wi dening or construction of a new road project before its implementation. As a requirement for seeking Environmental Clearance (EC), the consultant is required to prepare the detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report and the Environmental Managem ent Plan (EMP) for getting environmental clearances from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) . The T o R was obtained for the proposed project vide ToR No. (10 - 3 /2020 - 1A.III) dated 02 March 20 20 and EIA /EMP has been prepared as pe r the approved T o R ( Copy of the Approved ToR is attached as Annexure - I ).

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 5

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

The scope of the EIA/EMP study is: -

 T o establish present environmental condition along the project corridor through available data/informa tion supported by field studies.

 Screening, scoping and consultations with public, experts in various fields, non - government organization (NGOs), etc.

 Review of policies and legal framework .

 Identification of the potential impacts during pre - construction, construction and operation phases.

 Developi ng mitigation measures to sustain and maintain the environmental scenario.

 Providing compensatory developments wherever necessary, including plans for highway side tree plantation.

 Designing the Environmental Management Plan.

 Suggesting the Environmental Enhancement and its monitoring Scheme.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE CONSULTANCY SERVICES The main objectives of the Consultancy service are: -

 To estab lish the inception report of a National Highway corridor between Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh on the basis of technical, economic and financial viability of the project in the first stage and thereafter prepare feasibility cum preliminary design report for construction of the National Highway along the selected highway including Environmental Clearance through its NABET accredited EIA consultant.

 To plan the National Highway as a fully access controlled facility taking into account the req uirements of highway design, pavement design and provision of service roads, underpasses for both vehicles and pedestrians, rehabilitation and widening of existing structures and provision for new bridges/ structures and cost estimates vis - a - vis investment and financial return through toll revenues.

 To suggest appropriate measures for mitigating the effects of property and community severance and circulation of the local traffic.

 To ensure that the drainage pattern of the area is not disturbed and natural e nvironment, human habitation and heritage sites are fully protected .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 6

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

 To integrate safety in design, construction and operation of the National Highway. Infrastructure for user amenities, operation and maintenance, incident management and user information s ystem will be an integral part of the study.

 To develop the National Highway in EPC Model.

1.6 POLICIES, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK Statutory permissions and clearances required durin g construction and operation of the project are summarized in T able 1.2 . Table 1.2: Summary of Relevant Environmental Acts and Guidelines

Sl. Applicable Reason for Act/Rules Year Objective Authority No. Yes/No applicability 1. Environmental 1986 To protect and Yes As all MoEF&CC (Protection) improve overall e nvironmental Gol, Forests Act environment notifications, rules & Env. Dept., and schedules are GoC G , issued under this CPCB, act CGECB

2. Environmental 2006 To provide Yes The project MoEF&CC Impact environmental attracts the Assessment clearance to new conditions of EIA (EIA) development Notification 2006 Notification activities foll owing and further environmental amendments impact assessment

3. Forest 1980 To check Yes The proposed Forest (Conservation) deforestation by Department project requires Act restricting GoCG conversion of diversion of forested areas into 195.107 Ha. of non - forested a reas forest land under

Reserve and

protected forest

4. Water 1974 To control water Yes This act will be CGECB (Prevention pol lution by applicable during and Control of controlling emission construction, for Pollution) Act & Water pollutants establishments of and Cess Act as per the hot mix plant,

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 7

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Sl. Applicable Reason for Act/Rules Year Objective Authority No. Yes/No applicability of 1977 as prescribed stone crusher, amended in standards construction camp, 1988 workers' camp, etc.

5. Air (Prevention 1981 To control air Yes This act will be CGECB and Control of pollution by applicable during Pollution) Act controlling emission construction; for as amended in and air pollutants obtaining NOC for 1987 according to establishment of prescribed hot mix plan t, standards workers' camp, stone crusher, construction camp, etc.

6. Noise Pollution 2000 Noise pollution Yes This act will be CGECB (Regulation regulation and applicable as and Control) controls vehicular noise on rules project routes required to assess for futur e years and necessary protection measure need to be considered in design.

7. Ancient 2010 Conservation of No The prop osed Archaeologic Monuments Cultural and project route is not al Dept. Gol, and Historical remains close to any Dept. of Archaeological found in India Ancient Archaeology, . Sites and Monument, GoCG , Remains declared protected (Amendment under the act. and Validation) Act, 2010

8. Notification for 2016 Promoting the Yes Fly ash is MoEF&CC use of fly ash utilization of fly ash available within in the manufacture 300 kms of project of building ma terials start point and will

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 8

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Sl. Applicable Reason for Act/Rules Year Objective Authority No. Yes/No applicability and in construction be used as per the activity within a requirement and specified radius of suitability 300 kilometers from coal or lignite based thermal power plants

9. The 1884 An Act to regulate Yes For transporting CGECB Explosives Act the manufacture, and storing diesel, (& Rules) possession, use, bitumen etc. sale, transport, import and export of Explosives

10. Public Liability 1991 Insurance for t he Yes Contractor need to Insurance Act purpose of providing stock hazardous immediate relief to material like diesel, the persons affected Bitumen, by accident Em ulsions etc. occurring while safely handling any hazardous substance and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto

11. Coastal 2011 To regulate activities No The proposed Regulation in the coastal zone project highway Zone to protect does not passes ecologically through CRZ areas sensitive areas

12. Hazardous and 2016 Storage, handling, Yes Storage and transportation and handling of Other Wastes disposal of hazardous waste (Management hazardous waste during construction and Tra nsboundary Movement) Rules

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 9

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Sl. Applicable Reason for Act/Rules Year Objective Authority No. Yes/No applicability 13. Solid Waste 2016 Management and Yes For disposa l of Management handling of solid solid waste Rules waste generated during construction

14. Construction 2016 Management of Yes For disposal of and Demolition construction and solid waste demolition waste generated due to Waste construction and Management demolition Rules

15. Batteries 2010 Management and Yes Safe disposal of (Manag ement & handling of used used lead batteries Handling) lead batteries Amendment Rules

16. E - Waste 2016 Effective mechanism Yes Handling of e - to regulate waste (Management) generation, Rules collection, storage, transport, import, export, recycling, treatment and disposal of e - wastes

17. Central Motor 1988 To control vehicular Yes This rule will be Vehicles Act air and noise applicable to road pollution. users and

construction machinery

18. Minor Mineral 1960 For opening new Yes Regulate use of and c oncession quarry minor minerals like Rules stone, soil, river, sand etc.

19. The Mining Act 1952 The mining act has Yes The construction of been notified for proposed NH will safe and sound require aggregates. mining activity These will be

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 10

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Sl. Applicable Reason for Act/Rules Year Objective Authority No. Yes/No applicability procured through mining from quarries

2 0 . The Right to Fair 2013 Set out rules for fair Yes This act wi ll be Compensation compensation and applicable as the and acquisition of land Transparency in project is Land Acquisition, Greenfield and Rehabilitation there will be the and Resettlement Act acquisition of land and rehabilitation and resettlement of some structures.

2 1 . The National 1956 For Land Acquisition Yes This act will be Highway Act applicable as the proposed project is the greenfield and acquires land acquisition.

CGECB : Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board GoCG : Government of Chhattisgarh GoI: Government of India

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 11

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

The report consists of ten Chapters and the content is briefly described in this section Chapter 1 : Introduction This chapter contains the general information about the project , scope of the EIA/EMP study and the policies, legal and administrative framework and identification of the project proponent . Chapter 2 : Project Description This chapter contains the description of the project, such as, th e type of project, need for the project, project location, highway alignment, utilities, implementation schedule and the road side safety measures. Chapter 3 : Descrip tion of Environment The methodology for assessing various baseline environmental components in the study area prior to the commencement of the project has been identified in this chapter. The various parameters of present environmental status are identi fied under different aspects, which include location and regional setting of the area, topographical aspect which include land use, land cover and soil quality of the study area. Drainage aspect consists of surface and ground water quality. Meteorologic al aspect contains all the climatic factors and ambient air quality of the study area. Ecological environment describes the flora and fauna of the region. Human aspect includes the demography features, socio - economic environment and infrastructure facil ities of the area .

Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures This chapter contains the anticipated impact on the envir onment and mitigation measures. The method of assessment of impact including studies carried out, modeling techniques adopted to assess the impact where pertinent shall be elaborated in this chapter. It give s the details of the impact on the baseline parameters, both during the construction and operational phases and mitigation measures to be implemented by t he proponent . Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives This chapter contains the details of various alternatives in respect of both location of site and technologies to be deployed . Alternatives have been compared in terms of their potential environmental impacts, capital and recurrent costs, suitability under local conditions, and institutional training and monitoring requirements.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 12

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Programme This chapter cover s the planned Environmental Monitoring Program. It inclu de s the technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures and the cost for the Environmental Monitoring . Chapter 7: Additional Studies This chapter cover s the details of the additional studies (preparation of site specific conse rvation plan, public hearing) required in addition to those specified in the approved TOR by MoEF&CC and which are necessary to cater to more specific issues applicable to the particular project.

Chapter 8: Project Benefits This chapter cover s the be nefits accruing to the locality, neighborhood, region and nation as a whole. It bring s out the details of benefits by way of improvement in the physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, employment potential and other tangible benefits . Chapter 9 : Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan This chapter comprehensively presents the Environment al Management Plan (EMP), which includes the administrative and technical setup, summary matrix of EMP, green belt develo pment plan, the cost involved to implement the EMP, both during th e construction and operational p hases . Chapter 11 : Summary & Conclusion Chapter 12 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged This chapter should include the names of the consultants engaged alo ng with a brief resume and nature of consultancy rendered . 1.8 TOR APPROVED BY MOEF&CC AND ITS COMPLIANCE The EIA/EMP report has been prepared in conformity with all issues brought out in the detailed T o R issued by MoEF&CC vide letter No . ( 10 - 3 /2020 - 1A .III) dated 02 March 2020 . The copy of the approved ToR has been attached as Annexure - I . The brief issues involved and their compliance have been presented in Table 1.3 :

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 13

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Table 1.3: Compliance of ToR

Project Specific Conditions

Sr. ToR Points Ref erence of Compliance No I. As the proposed alignment falls within The propo sed alignment does not pass the 10 km of Sitanadi Tiger Reserve, the through any Wildlife Sanctuary/National proponent shall obtain the NOC from the Park and its eco sensitive zone. However Tiger Conservation Authority. Proponent the distance of Sitanadi Eco – sensitive shall also obtain the NOC from the zone boundary is 0.7 km away from Ch. Project Elephant of MoEF&CC. 96.500 from the proposed alignment. T he application to Project Eleph ant is under process . The NOC letter from Tiger Conservation Authority is under process.

II. A thorough study be undertaken with The proposed part of the National respect to the movement of elephants in Highway does not passes through any this area, impact of project on elephant wildlife Sanctuary/National Park or its eco movement and viability of the alignment sensitive zone. specific to elephant movement. In the

study, proponent shall map wildlife crossing (particularly for elephant The proposed project does not impact any movement) accurately through the movement of the elephants. thorough consultation with state forest depa rtment and Project elephant at The application to Project Elephant is M oEF&CC, New Delhi. Wildlife under process Conservation Plan (including construction of underpasses of adequate length for elephant movement) and other The wildlife Conservation Plan (including appropriate mitigation measures shall be construction of 26 nos of animal prepared in consultation with the Chief underpasses of adequate length for Wildlife Warden of the state along with elephant movement) and other appropriate implementation schedule and mitigation measures i n consultation with appropriate mon itoring mechanism. the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state Proponent shall also obtain NOC from along with implementation schedule and Project Elephant of MoEF & CC. appropriate monitoring mechanism have been attached as Annexure XI .

III. Study to be carried out on Acoustic and The pr oposed alignment does not pass

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 14

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Light Proofing measures considering the through any Wildlife Sanctuary/National Wildlife Institute of India manual and Park or its eco sensitive zone. Therefore, other studies by the reputed institutes on additional study is not pertinent for this this matter. The study shall be carried by section of the proposed National Highway. the qualified professionals, scientists However, details of Acoustic and Light from any institute/universities of repute Proofing mitigatio n measures for the having requisite experience to conduct proposed project have been presented in such study . section 4.6.3.2 of Chapter 4.

IV. Number of tunnels should be increased There shall be 01 no of tunnel of len gth in order to avoid the disturbance to 2.830 km which has been proposed in this existing forest cover as well as local section of the proposed National Highway . inhabitation .

V. Number of pillars in the water bodies/ The pillars shall be constructed as per the rivers should be kept minimum while technical requirement keeping in aspect constructing bridges or overpasses. The that there shall not be any impact on the minimum 45 m or more of distance shall water bodies. be maintained between two adjacent pillars.

VI. ROW of the proposed alignment shall be NHAI is the implementing agency of restricted to 60m in general and 30 m in Bharatmala Pariyojna as per MoRTH for est areas. Standardization of ROW for guidelines/direction. The land acquisition non - forest land and forest land to be is at t he final stage of the proposed ROW defined and to be remain constant for all 6 0 m keeping in mind future development projects of NHAI. as well as development of Green Belt, landscaping and aesthetics. The construction is likely to be done within the stipulated ROW of 60 m except under unavoidable circumstances like technical viability, topography and junction improvement at the intersections of other roads. The EAC committee has recommended the proposal for Amendment in Terms of Reference on 254th meeting on 11th February, 202 1 ; and agreed for the ROW of 45m in Fore st area instead of 30m

VII. If applicable, t he proposal for diversion of Stage - 1 Forest Diversion Proposal is forest land shall be revised as per under process at DFO level.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 15

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

reduced Row, i.e., 60m in general and 30 m in forest areas.

VIII. Since the proposed ali gnment will pass The detailed traf fic study for this section from forest land and the traffic shall be has been presented in section 2.5 of predominantly Coal transportation, Chapter 2. pollution impact studies are essential. Also the proponent to carry out detailed traffic study to assess inflow of traffic from adjoining areas.

IX. Rain water harvesting structures to be Rainwater harvesting shall be pr oposed as constructed at the either sides of the per IRC - SP - 58 and the details has been road with special precaution of oil filters presented in section 5.3.3 of Chapter 5. and de - siting chambers.

X. Provide compilation of road kill data on The compilation of the road kill data is in existing roads (national and state process. highways) in the vicinity of the proposed project.

XI. Provide measures to avoid road kills of The conservation of the wildlife along with wildlife by the way of road kill its mitigation measures have been management plan. presented in section 5.6.3 of Chapter 5

XII. The alignment of road shoul d be such Approx. 38,433 trees are recorded in that the cutting of trees is kept at bare Corridor of Impact. To compensate it minimum and for this the proponent shall approx. 1,15,299 nos . of trees shall be obtain permission from the competent planted ( Two row on either sides within the authorities. available RoW shall be done and shrubs shall be planted in the median ). Necessary permission from the competent authorities shall be obtained before the commencement of the project.

XIII. A comprehensive plan for pl antation of Approx. 38,433 trees are recorded in three rows of native species, as per IRC Corridor of Impact. To compensate it guidelines, shall be provided. Such approx. 1,15,299 nos of trees shall be plantation alongside of forest stretch will planted ( Two row plantations on either be over and above the compensatory sides of the RoW shall be done ). Some of afforestation. Tree species should be the major species were Rinjha, Babool, same as per the local forest type. Neem, Amaltas, Jamun, Imli, Saj, Van ma suri, Karonda, Arandi, Sitaphal,

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 16

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Charota, Khursi, Baibidang etc .

The details of the compensatory plantation have been covered in EMP Chapter 9.

XIV. The activities and budget earmarked for As per MoEF&CC F.No. 22 - 65/2017 - IA.III Corporate Environmental Responsibility dated 30 th Sept ember 2020, the activities (CER) shall be as per ministr y’s O.M No. and budget for CER has been removed 22 - 65/2017 - IA.II (M) dated 1 st May, 2018 and in lieu to CER budget the cost to the and the action plan on the activities issues/suggestions raised during public proposed under CER shall be submitted hearing should be implemented / kept by at the time of appraisal of the project the project proponent in the EMP cost. included in the EIA/EMP Report. Similarly the CER cost has been removed for this project and the cost of the issues / suggestions raised during public hearing has been implemented and allocated in the cost of EMP.

XV. The PP shall not use The water requirement is 3830411 KL groundwater/surface water without during construction stage and it will be obtaining approval from CGWA/SGWA extracted from local surface water as the case may be. The project resources after taking necessary proponent shall apply to the Central permissions. Water Authority (CGWA)/State Ground

Water Authority (SGWA)/Competent Authority, as the case may be, for obtaining NO Objection Certificate (NOC), for withdrawal of ground water.

XVI. The Action Plan on the compliance of the Th e point wise action plan as per the recommendations of the CAG as per mentioned circular has been attached as Ministry’s Circular No. J - 11013/71/2016 - Annexure X . IA.I (M), dated 25 th October, 2017 needs to be submitted at the time of appraisal of the project and included in the EIA/EMP Report.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 17

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

General Conditions

Sr. ToR Points Reference of Compliance No.

i. A brief description of the project, project The details have been shown in section 1.3 name, nature, size, its importance to the of Chapter 1. region/state and the country.

ii. In case the project involves diversion of The proposal for forest clearance is under forest s land, guidelines under OM dated process. 20.03.2013 may be followed and necessary action taken accordingly.

iii. Details of any litigation(s) pending against There is no litigation against the project the project and/or any directions or orders with any court. passed by an y court of law/any statutory authority against the project to be detailed out .

iv. D etailed alignment plan, with details such The nature of the terrain is mostly plain / as nature of terrain (plain, rolling, hilly), land rolling and some stretches it is hilly. The use pattern, habitatio n, cropping pattern, land use pattern along the project a rea has forest area, environmentally sensitive been present in section 3.3.3 of Chapter 3. areas, mangroves, notified industrial areas, sand dunes, sea, rivers, lakes, details of villages, tehsil, districts and states, latitude and longitude for important locations falling on the alignm ent by employing remote sensing techniques followed by "ground truthing" and also through secondary data sources shall be submitted

v. Describe various alternatives considered, The details of the alternatives considered procedures and criteria adopted for have been presented in Chapter 5 . selection of the final alternative with reasons

vi. Land use map of the study area to a scale The land use map of the study area of 1: of 1: 25,000 based on recent satellite 25,000 is shown in Figure 3 .1. imagery delineating the crop lands (both

single and double crop), agricultural plantations, fallow lands, waste lands, water bodies, built - up areas, forest area

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 18

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

and other s urface features such as railway tracks, ports, airports, roads, and major

industries etc. along with detailed ground survey map on 1:2000 scale showing the The ground survey map in 1:2000 is existing features falling within the right of enclosed as Annexure I I I . way namely trees, structures including archaeological & religious, monuments etc. if any .

vii. If the proposed route is passing through The proposed National Highway lies mostly any hilly area, the measures for ensuri ng in plain/rolling terrain and some stretches it stability of slopes and proposed measures passes through hilly terrain. The details of to control soil erosion from embankment the measures for ensuring stability of shall be examined and submitted. slopes and to control soil erosion from embankment have been presented in Chapter 4. viii. If the proposed route involves tunneling, the There is 01 no. of tunn el proposed from details of the tunnel and locations of Ch. 106.820 to Ch. 1 09.650 of total length tunneling with geological structural fraction = 2.830 km in the proposed National sho uld be provided. In case the road Highway in this section . 174 nos. of passes through a flood plain of a river, the culverts, 06 nos. of major bridges and 34 details of micro - drainage, flood passages nos. minor of bridges are proposed for and information on flood periodicity at least maintaining the existing drainage pattern. of the last 50 years in the area shall be The proposed alignment does not pass examined and submitted. through any flood prone area.

ix. If the project is passing through/located The proposed alignment does not pass within the notified ecologically sensitive through Wildlife Sanctuary/National Park zone (ESZ) around a notified National and its eco sensitive zone . Park/Wildlife Sanctuary or in the absence of notified ESZ, with in 10 km from the boundary of notified National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary, the project proponent may simultaneously apply for the clearance for the standing committee of NBWL. The EC for such project would be subject to obtaining the clearance from the stand ing committee of NBWL.

x. Study regarding the animal The details of vehicular, light and small bypasses/underpasses etc. across the vehicular underpasses are presented in habitation areas shall be carried out.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 19

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Adequate cattle pass for the movement of s ection 2.7.5 in Chapter 2. agriculture material shall be provided at the stretches passing through habitation areas. Underpasses shall be provided for the movement of Wild animals.

xi. Study regarding in line with the recent The details for animal movement and guidelines prepared by Wildlife Institute of identifying crossing areas and mitigation India for linear infrastructure with strong measures to avoid wildlife mortality are emphasis on animal movement and presented in section 4 .6.3 of chapter - 5. identifying crossing areas and mitigation measures to avoid wildli fe mortality.

xii. The information shall be provided about the Approx. 38 , 433 trees are recorded in details of the trees to be cut inclu ding their Corridor of Impact. S ome of major species species and whether it also involves any are Rinjha, Babool, Neem, Amaltas, protected or endangered species. Jamun, Imli, Saj, Van masuri, Karonda, Measures taken to reduce the number of Arandi, Sitaphal, Charota, Khursi, the trees to be removed should be Baibidang etc. explained in detail. T he details of

compensatory plantation shall be submitted . T he possibilities of relocating the existing trees shall be explored . The details of the compensatory plantation have been covered in EMP Chapter - 9 . xiii. Necessary green belt shall be provided on The green belt Deve lopment Plan has both sides of the highway with proper been presented in Section 9.6 of Chapter central verge and cost provision should be 9. made for regular maintenance. The cost for regular maintenance has been covered in EMP budget. xiv. If the proposed route is passing through a The alignment of the highway is proposed city or town, with houses and human in mostly green field and the houses and habitation on either side of the road, the human habitation are falling away from the necess ity for provision of bypasses/ alignment. diversions/ under passes shall be examined

and submitted. The proposal should also indicate the location of wayside amenities, which should include petrol stations/service centers , rest areas including public conveyance, etc

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 20

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

xv. Details about measures taken for the Footpaths and stairs are proposed at all pedestrian safety and construction of rail over bridges (ROB). The details have underpasses and foot - over bridges along been presented in Chapter 2. w ith flyovers and interchanges shall be submitted

xvi. The possibility that the proposed project will The project will enhance traffic movement adversely affect road traffic in the and the design of the proposed highway surroundi ng areas (e.g. by causing will address safety concerns and reduce increases in traffic congestion and traffic accidents. accidents) shall be addressed.

xvii. The details of use of fly ash in the road The details of the use of fly ash have been construction, if the project road is located presented in section 4 .4.1.1 of Chapter 4 . within the 100 km from the Thermal Power Plant shall be examined and submitted. xviii. The possibilities of utilizing debris/waste The waste generated during the materials available in and around the construction shall be used under subgrade. project area shall be explored .

xix. The details on compliance with respect to Followed the IRC and MoRTH guidelines. Research Track Notification of Ministry of Ro ad, Transport and Highways shall be submitted.

xx. The details of sand quarry and borrow area The details of the sand quarry have been as per OM No.2 - 30/2012 - IA - 111 dated presented in sections 4 .4.1.2, 4 .4.1.3, and 18.12.2012 on 'Rationalization of procedure 4.4.1.4 of Chapter 4 . for Environmental Clearance for Highway Proje cts involving borrow areas for soil and earth" as modified vide OM of even No. dated March 19,2013, shall be examined and submitted.

xxi. Climate and me teorology (max and min The details have been presented in sec tion temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, 3.3.4 of Chapter 3 . frequency of tropical cyclones and snow fall); the nearest IMD meteorological station from which climatological data have been obtained to be indicated .

xxii. The air quality monitoring shall be carried The air quality monitoring has been carried out as per the notification issued on 16 th as per the mentioned notification of

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 21

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

November 2009. Input data used for Noise MoEF&CC regarding EIA and the details and Air quality modelling shall be clearly have been provided in section 3.5 of delineated . Chapter 3 . T he details for Air modeling for homogenous sections have been presented in Section 4.4.2.1 of Chapter 4 . xxiii. The project activities duri ng construction The impact on the noise levels during and operation phases, which will affect the construction and operation phase has been noise levels and the potential for increased presented in section 4.5 of Chapter 4 . noise resulting from this project, shall be

identified. Discuss the effect of noise levels on nearby habitations during the The Noise modeling has been pr esented in construction and operationa l phases of the section 4.5.1 of Chapter 4 . proposed highway. Identify noise reduction measures and traffic management strategies to be deployed for reducing the negative impact if any. Prediction of noise levels shall be done by using mathematical modelling at different representati ve locations . xxiv. The impact during construction activities The details have been presented in section due to ge neration of fugitive dust from 4.4 of Chapter 4 . crusher units, air emissions from hot mix plants and vehicles used for transportation of materials and prediction of impact on ambient air quality using appropriate mathematical model, description of model, input requirement and reference of derivation, distribution of major pollutants and presentation in tabular form for easy interpretation shall be examined and carried out .

xxv. The details about the protection to exi sting The detail s have been present in Table habitations from dust, noise, odour etc. 4.10 and 4 .11 of Ch apter 4 . during construction stage shall be examined and submitted . xxvi. If the proposed route involves cutting of The details have been presented in section earth, the details of area to be cut, d epth of 4.4.1.2 to 4 .4.1. 6 of Chapter 4 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 22

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

cut, locations, soil type, volume and quantity of earth and other materials to be removed with location of disposal/ dump sites along with necessary permission .

xxvii. If the pr oposed route is passing through low Selected borrow pit soil used for lying areas, details of filling materials and embankment fill with slope protection. initial and final levels after filling above MSL, shall be examined and submitted . xxviii. The water bodies including the seasonal The details of all the wate r bodies within ones within the corridor of impacts along the corridor have been presented in with their status, volumetric capacity, section 3.7.1 in chapter - 3 . The mitigation quality and likely impacts on them due to measures have been given in section 4.3 the project along with the mitigation of chapter 4 . measures, shall be examined and submitted .

xxix. The details of water quantity required and The total water requirement is 3830411 source of water including water requirement KLD during construction stage and will be during the constru ction stage with extracted from local surface /ground water supporting data and also categorization of resources based on the availability . ground water based on the CGWB classification , shall be examined and submitted.

xxx. T he details of measures taken during 06 nos of major bridges and 34 nos of constructions of bridges across minor bridges have been proposed. Th e river/canal/major or minor drains keeping in details provision of safety signals, service view the flooding of the rivers and the life lanes and foot paths to avoid accidents has span of the existing bridges shall be been presented in chapter 2. examined and submitted . Provision of

speed breakers, safety signals, service lanes and foot paths should be examined at Provision of diversions with direction signs, appropriate locations throughout the speed breakers and other safety proposed road to avoid the accidents. requirements followed as per IRC & MoRTH guidelines.

xxxi. I f there will be any change in the drainage The details have been given in s ection 4.3 pattern after the proposed activity, details of of chapter - 4 . changes shall be examined and submitted .

xxxii. Rain water harvesting pit shall be at least 3 Rainwater harvesting shall be proposed as - 5 m above the hi ghest ground water table. per IRC - SP - 58 and the details has been

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 23

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

Provisions shall be made for oil and grease presented in section 4.3.3 of Chapter 4 . removal from surface runoff.

xxxiii. If there is a possibility that th e The impact on the Flora, Fauna and construction/widening of road may cause Ecosystem due to the construction of the an impact such as destruction of forest, high way and its mi tigation measures has poaching or reduction in wetland areas, been presented i n section 4 .6 of Chapter 4 . examine the impact and submit details .

xxxiv. The details of road safety, signage, service P rovision of diversions with direction sig ns, roads, vehicular under passes, accident speed breakers and other safety prone zones and the mitigation measures, requirements followed as per IRC & shall be submitted . MoRTH guidelines.

xxxv. IRC guidelines shall be followed for Complied. widening & upgradation of roads .

xxxvi. The details of social impact assessment The details of the Social Impact due to the proposed construction of the Assessment have been presented in roa d, shall be submitted . section 7.4 of Chapter 7

xxxvii. Examine the road design standards, safety All relevant guideline has been followed for equipment specifications and Management designing the high way as per traffic, System training to ensure that design pedestrian and accident safety. details take accoun t of safety concerns and The details of the traffic Management plan submit the traffic management plan . has been presented in Section 2.6 of Chapter 2. xxxviii. Accident data and geographic distribution Propos ed National Highway is mostly shall be reviewed and analyzed to predict green field. However, provision for accident and identify trends - in case of expansion of emergency assistance and medical care to the existing highway and provide Post accident victims has been considered as accident emergency assistance and road safety measures. medical care to accident victims .

xxxix. If the proposed project involves any land The proposed project does not involve any reclamation, details shall be prov ided of the land reclamation. activity for which land is to be reclaimed and the area of land to be reclaimed .

xl. Details of the properties, houses, business The details have been presented in section activities etc . likely to be affected by land 7.5.1 of Chapter 7 acquisition and an estimation of their financial losses, shall be submitted .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 24

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

xli. Detailed R&R plan with data on the existing The details of the socio - economic profile of socio - economic status of the population in the study area have been presented in the study area and broad plan for section 3 .9 of Chapter 3 . rese ttlement of the displaced population,

site for the resettlement colony, alternative livelihood concerns/employment and The R&R plan & policy has been presented rehabilitation of the displaced people, civil in section 7.10 of Chapter 7 and housing amenities being offered, etc and the schedule of the implementation of the spec ific project, shall be submitted.

xlii. The environment management and The environment management and monitorin g plan for construction and monitoring plan is presented in ch apter - 6. operation phases of the project shall be submitted. A copy of your corporate policy on environment management and sustainable development shall also be submitted.

xliii. Estimated cost of the project including The Env ironment Management Plan environmental monitoring cost and funding Budget has been given in section 9.7 of agencies, whether governmental or on the chapter 9 and Total civil cost of the project basis of BOT etc and provide details of is given in section 2.9 of chapter 2. budget provisions (capital & recurring) for R&R Plan is given in section 7.10 in the project specific R&R Plan. chapter - 7.

xliv. A copy of your CSR policy and plan for There is no provision of CSR policy as per meeting the expe nditure to address the NHAI laws & regulations. issues raised during Public Hearing shall be submitted.

xlv. Details of blasting if any, There is no blasting required for this methodology/technique adopted, applicable project. regulations/permissions, timing of bl asting, The conservation and mitigation measures mitigation measures proposed keeping in for wildlife have been present a t section view mating season of wildlife. 5.6.3 of Chapter 5.

xlvi. In case of river/ creek crossing, details of The details have been presented in the proposed bridges connecting on either Chapter 2. bank , the design and traffic circulation at this junction with simulation studies . xlvii. Details to ensure free flow of water in case The details have been given section 3.7 of

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 25

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

the alignment pa sses through water chapter 3 . bodies/river/streams etc. xlviii. In case of bye passes, the details of access Proposed Nati onal Highway is bypassing all control from the nearby major habitations of Raipur, Dhamtari, habitation/habitation which may come up Kanker and Kondagaon districts . after the establishment of road.

xlix. Bridge design in eco sensitive area The proposed project does not pass /mountains be examined keeping in view thro ugh the eco sensitive zone/mountain . the rock classification hydrology etc .

l. Details of litigation pending against the There is no litigation against the project. project, if any, with direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the Project should be given.

li. The cost of the Project (ca pital cost and The project cost is presented in section - recurring cost) as well as the cost towards 2.10 of chapter - 2 and environmental implementation of EMP should be clearly management plan has been presented in spelt out. Table 9.3 at Page No. 9 - 23 of C hapter 9

lii. In case of alignment passing through The proposed project does not pass coastal zones, following documents are through the coastal zones. required to furnished along with EIA/EMP report: a. HTLILTL map prepared by authorized agencies superimposed with alignment and recommendation of Coastal Zone Management Au thority. b. Details of CRZ - I (I) areas, mangroves required to be removed for the project along with the compensatory afforestation, area and location with budget. c. Details of road on stilt in CRZ - I areas, design details to ensure free tidal flow. d. Details of La bour camps, machinery location

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 26

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of I ndia)

liii. Any further clarification on carrying out the Complied. above studies including anticipated impacts due to the project and mitigative measure, project proponent can refer to the model ToR available on Ministry website ''http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Highways''.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 - 27

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 2 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) , a M inistry of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport and transport research, in order to increase the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in India. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) / National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) have decided to develop Economic Corridors, I nter Corridors, Feeder Routes and Coastal Road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India under Bharatmala Par i yojana. The Proposed National Highway is planned to connect from Chhattisgarh to Andhra Pradesh . The proposed highway w ith new alignment has been envisaged through an area which shall have the advantage of simultaneous development as well as shall result in a shorter distance to travel. Proposed National Highway is mostly green field alignment project and proposed to 6 - lane . The project road starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh from CH: 0+000 to 124 +66 1 having a total length of 124.661 Kms . The proposed National Highway will pass through Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts in the state of Chhattisgarh . The Project falls u n der category ‘A’ as per the MoEF&CC Notification dated Sep. 14, 2006 and its subsequent amendments . 2.2 NEE D OF THE PROJECT & BRIEF ABOUT THE PROJECT 2.2.1 Need of the Project The proposed National Highway is part of an Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road from Chhattisgarh to Andhra Pradesh and is being planned from Jhanki vil lage of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh by the Government of India . The proposed National Highway project with new alignment has been envisaged throug h an area which shall have the advantage of simultaneous develo p ment as well as shall result in a shorter distance to travel. The proposed National Highway would act as the prime artery for the economic flow to this region. It will enhance economic develop ment, provide employment opportunities to locals, strengthen tourist development, ensure road safety, and provide better transportation facilities and other facilities such as way side amenities. Veh i cle operating cost will also be reduced due to improved road quality.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 1 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

2.2.2 Proposed Pavement & Overlay The National Highway is designed by both flexible and concrete pavement options. The flexible pavement is adopted for proposed ramp roads and slip roads – 20 years Design in accordance with IRC:37 - 2012. F lexible Pavement is designed for New Construction of National Highway for 30 years design life with granular sub base (GSB), base as DLC and PQC Slab (M - 40 grade PCC) in accordance with IRC:58 - 2015 or granular layers and bituminous surfacing (VG - 40 bitumen ) – 20 years Design in accordance with IRC:37 - 2012 2.2.3 Traffic Control , Road Marking, Traffic Signs and Safety Measures Indian Road Congress (IRC) codes are followed in proposing and designing road safety features. Pavement markings are done for traffi c lane line, edge lines and hatching. The marking shall be with hot applied thermoplastics materials. The pavement markings shall be reinforced with raised RR pavement markers and shall be provided for median and shoulder edge longitudinal lines and hatch markings. Highway lightings including high masts shall be provided at intersections in order to improve the night time visibility. All the urban locations as well grade separated structure locations shall be provided lighting arrangements . 2.2.4 Proposal for Truck Lay bays /Parking cum Rest Area As per the detailed field surveys and reconnaissance, truck lay bays and bus stop have been proposed . The rest area will provide common facilities like petrol pump, first aid medical facil i ties, police office, rest aurant and vehicle parking etc. For petrol pump, the guidelines issued by OISD of Ministry of Petroleum shall be followed. The facilities shall be planned at approximately 50 km i nterval . 2.2.5 Toll Plazas and Weighing Stations The DPR Consultant has pro posed 01 no. of Toll Plaza at Km 13+300 ; 10 lane on both sides on the proposed National Highway . Weighing stations s hall be located near toll plaza so that overloaded vehicles can be easily identified and suitably penalized / unloaded before being allowed to proceed further. The type of weighing system suitable for the project shall be brought out giving merits of each type of the state - of - the art and basis of recommendations for the chosen system . 2.2.6 Standards and Specifications Adopted Geometric des ign standards are adopted as per requirement . The proposed National Highway lies in mostly plain area and rolling terrain. The geometric design is prepared based on IRC: SP: 99 - 2013 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 2 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

“Manual of Specifications and Standards for National Highway s” besides ad opting relevant standards from IRC: SP:23 - Vertical Curves for Highways, IRC:38 - Guidelines for Design of Horizontal Curves for Highways and Design Tables and IRC:73 - Geometric Design Standard of Rural (Non - Urban) Highway .

Following is the list of IRC standards which are followed:

o IRC: SP:99 - 2013 - Manual of Specifications and Standards for NH s o IRC:35 - 2015 - Code of Practice for Road Markings (Second Revision) o IRC:67 - 2012 - Code of Practice for Road Signs (Third Revision) o IRC:79 - 1981 - Recommended Practice for Road delineators o IRC:93 - 1985 - Guidelines on Design and Installation of Road Traffic Signals o IRC: SP:37 - 2010 - Guidelines for Evaluation of Load Carrying Capacity of Bridges (First Revision)

o IRC:37 - 2012 - Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements o I RC:102 - 1988 - Traffic Studies for Planning Bypasses Around Towns o IRC:56 - 2011 - Recommended Practices for Treatment of Embankment and Roadside Slopes for Erosion Control (First Revision)

o IRC:73 - 1980 - Geometric Design Standards for Rural (Non - Urban) Highways o IRC:106 - 1990 - Guidelines for Capacity of Urban Roads in Plain Areas o IRC:64 - 1990 - Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas (First Revision) o IRC: 38:1988 - Guidelines for Design of Horizontal Curves for Highways and D e sign Tables (First Revision)

o IR C: SP:23 - 1983 - Vertical Curves for Highways

2.2.7 Geometric Design Standards for 6 - lane National Highway 2.2.7.1 General The design of the road geometry for the assigned project shall cover the following main princ i ples, which form the basis of desirable standard of highway design .

 Road safety and the smooth flow of traffic are o f prime concern in the design. The selection of optimum design standards reduces the possibility of undesirability of the facility to be provided.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 3 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Both horizontal and vertical geometry shall be accorded due importance as per selected standards. It shall not be compromised unless it becomes formidable to accept for the pa r ticular situation.

 Consistent Design shall be adopted and abrupt changes in the design speed to be avoided.

 The proposed des ign will minimise the total transportation cost, including initial construction costs, costs for the maintenance of the facility and the costs borne by the road users.

“Ruling” standards are adopted and “Minimum” standards are allowed only where serious restrictions are imposed by technical or economic considerations . 2.2.7.2 Warrant for 6 Laning Rural National Highway s shall be designed for Level of Service - B for the purpose of design and future augmentation of the Project National Highway . The design service volume for level of service - B for plain/rolling terrain shall be 1300 PCU/ hr. /lane. The design service volume can be determined as per MORTH Guidelines for National Highway s. The design service volume per day depends on the peak hour flow and is pres ented in T able 2. 1 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 4 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 2 . 1 : Design Service Volume for National Highway in Plain & Rolling Terrain (in PCUs per day for LOS B

Design Service Volume in PCUs per day for LOS B

4 - lane 6 - lane 8 - lane

86,000 for Peak hour flow 1,30,000 for Peak hour f low 1,73,000 for Peak hour flow (6%) (6%) (6%)

65,000 for Peak hour flow 98,000 for Peak hour flow 1, 30,000 for Peak hour flow (8%) (8%) (8%)

2.3 LAND REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT The proposed RoW is 60 m in general & 45m in forest areas. The total lan d requirement for the proposed project is 684.475 ha . his comprises of private land (Mostly agricultural), waste land and Forest land.

2.4 WATER REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT The peak water requirement for the project will be 3830411 KL during const ruction stage. The w a ter requirement shall be extracted from local sur face /ground water (which is easily available) after taking necessary permission. The breakup of the water requirement has been presented in Table 2.2 . Table 2. 2 : Water requirement for the Project

Purpose Peak (KL ) Source

Road making 2681288 Local surface/ground Dust suppression 766082 water Others (including drinking and domestic purposes) 383041

Total 3830411

2.5 TRAFFIC SURVEY AND ANALYSIS 2.5.1 Introduction In order to captur e and assess the traffic characteristics, travel pattern, the Consultants have conducted the following primary traffic surveys.

 Classified Traffic Volume Count Surveys

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 5 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Origin - Destination and Commodity Movement Surveys

 Speed & Delay Surveys

 Axle Load Data These features facilitated a framework for carrying out the necessary count surveys in accor d ance with the guidelines specified in IRC codes of practice. The various survey locations have been selected with careful assessment of the traffic of co mpeting road of project. These points were further refined jointly at site as required by the NHAI. 2.5.2 Objectives of Traffic Surveys The primary objective of these traffic studies is: (a). To determine characteristics of traffic movement and to establish base year traffic d e mand (b). To identify the zone of influence for the project stretch and extent of influence based on o - d survey (c). To determine the travel pattern of goods and passenger vehicles (d). For capacity assessment (e). To determine the percentage of right turn ing traffic at road intersections as a guide to the intensity of vehicle – vehicle conflict (f). To determine vehicle damage factor (g). For toll revenue analysis.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 6 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

2.5.3 Methodology of Traffic Surveys As per the detailed traffic studies , following locat ions are finalized for traffic surveys . F igure 2.1 presents the tra f fic survey locations

Figure 2.1 Traffic Survey Location Map 2.5.4 Schedule of Traffic Surveys A detailed schedule of all traffic surveys conducted along the project stretch are listed a nd pr e sented in Table 2 . 3 as shown below. Table 2.3 : Primary Traffic Survey Schedule

Sr. Link Section Location Road ID Duration Start Date End Date No. 1. CV01 Kurud - Megha Kurud MDR 7 - Day 05.01.18 12.01.18 2. CV02 Megha - Dugli Megha ODR 3 - Day 05.01.18 08. 01.18 3. CV03 Dugli - Nagri Dugli SH - 23 7 - Day 05.01.18 12.01.18 4. CV04 Nagri - Sihawa Nagri SH - 23 7 - Day 06.01.18 13.01.18 5. CV05 Sihawa - Kundei Sihawa SH - 6 7 - Day 06.01.18 13.01.18

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 7 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

2.5.5 Traffic Volume Surveys and Analysis The data collected from primary and secondary sources are recorded in Excel sheets, compiled, checked and corrected before further proceeding for analysis. Traffic data analysis has been carried out, to understand traffic characteristics and travel pattern in the study area and to pr o vide basic input for pavement design. 2.5.6 Vehicle Classification System The vehicle classification used in the survey along with their PCU values, as suggested in IRC: 64 – 1990, are presented in the following Table 2. 4 . Table 2. 4 : Vehicle Classification and PCU Factors

Vehicle Type PCU Vehicle Type PCU

2 - Wheeler 0.5 3 - Axle Truck 3

3 - wheeler - Auto 1 MAV 4.5

Car/Jeep /Van 1 MAV ( > 6 axles) 4.5

Mini Bus 1.5 Tractor 1.5

2 - Axle Bus 3 Tractor with Trailer 4.5

3 - Axle Bus 3 Cycle 0.5

Mini LCV 1 Cycle Rick shaw 2

LCV 1.5 Animal Drawn 6

2 - Axle Truck 3

2.5.7 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Classified traffic volume count data collected for 7 days at each location were averaged to determine the Average Daily Traffic (ADT). The classified traffic volume count data c ollected is analyzed to assess the traffic intensity along the project corridors. Table 2. 5 below presents the summary of Average Daily Traffic (ADT in number of vehicles) at the 04 no’s survey locations with salient findings.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 8 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km ) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 2 . 5 : Average Daily Tr affic

TIME ( hr. ) FAST VEHICLES, nos. Total Traffic

S. Traffic Link 2W 3W Car/ BUS LCV Truck Agri. Slow All All CV Freight No . Jeep/ Tractor Veh. Veh. Mini Full (nos.) (nos.) Van (nos.) (PCU) 2 3 Artic Axle Axle

1. Abhanpur - Kurud 9151 74 2411 146 301 549 161 995 349 79 1189 15405 14995 2501 2054

2. Kurud - Nagri 2638 27 451 69 28 220 12 303 77 106 665 4595 4412 709 612

3. Nagri - Kundel 2960 122 394 62 9 176 11 69 55 88 806 4751 3665 382 510

4. Kundel - Raigarh 915 8 14 1 23 13 126 6 35 49 22 385 1724 1505 252 216

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 9 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

2.5.8 Composition of traffic The traffic composition on the project road has been analyzed to derive the vehicle mode which travels on the project road and the travel pattern. The composition of total traffi c at count lo cations is presented in Table 2. 6 and Figure 2. 2 . Table 2. 6 : Total Traffic Composition at Survey Locations

Location 2/3 W Car BUS Truck Other Fast Slow Veh Vehicle Kurud - Megha 17 7 4 52 17 3

Megha - Dugli 51 7 2 20 9 12

Dugli - Nagri 30 18 7 31 2 12

Nagri - Sihawa 45 11 3 17 13 11

Sihawa - Kundei 42 10 3 28 5 12

Figure 2.2: Total Traffic Composition 2.5.9 Lead Analysis The O - D survey data has been analyzed to obtain lead ranges for various categories of veh i cles. Different categories of freig ht vehicles viz. LCV, 2 / 3 axle trucks and multi axle trucks are distributed on the basis of spectrum developed using various load and lead ranges. The outcome frequency distribution along with average length of travel is shown in Table 2. 7 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 10 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 2. 7 : Tri p Length (Lead) Distribution, Goods Traffic

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 11 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Majority share of movement, >50% has a lead distance not exceeding 100km. As the vehicle goes large, coverage length increases. Average lead distance is close to 100 km for LCV and that goes aroun d 200km for 2 - axle truck and that is seen in the bracket of 250 - 300km for 3/ multi - axle vehicles. The graphs above bring out distribution and change in character from one station to other. 2.6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN The overall traffic management plan is desi gned and intended to specify adequate safety measures in advance against identified hazards and stipulated implementation of the said safety measures to ensure safe movement of traffic during the construction operations of six lane from Jhanki village of A bhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh from Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 124.661 National Highway Project. The objective of safety standards is to provide safe travel to the drivers of vehicles plying on the National Highway at all times of the day, throughout the year and provide protection to the Project workers when they are on the work. This overall traffic ma n agement plan delineates the safety standards in terms of Co nstruction zones, Signs and Safety measures in work zones and during normal operations.

Road safety features, including Traffic Signs, Road Markings, Road lighting & Crash Barriers are proposed and designed as per relevant IRC codes and standards. During construction it is usual that the operating traffic will be affected to some extent and nearby public and commuting transportation will suffer the inconvenience, additional time, cost and distance. Contractor shall at all - time carry out construction work o n the road in manner creating least interference to the free flow of traffic as per the approved Traffic Management Plan.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 12 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Traffic Management Practices The traffic management strategies include the following fundamental principles: i. Making the traffic safety an integral and high priority element of the project. ii. Avoid inhibiting traffic as much as possible. iii. Guide Drivers in a clear and positive way. iv. Routine inspection of traffic control element and traffic operations v. Protection to Project workers on work si te IRC SP 55 is the guideline to be followed for circulating traffic during construction. Following Figure 2.3 gives the work zone safety criteria during constru c tion.

Figure 2.3: Work Zone Safety during Construction

2.7 DETAILS OF THE STRUCTU RES PROPOSED ALONG THE PROPOSED ALIG N MENT

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 13 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

2.7.1 Details of the proposed bridges There are 0 6 major bridges and 34 minor bridges that have been proposed on the canals/Rivers/Nalas crossing the proposed alignment. The d e tails of the bridges fall ing along the proposed alignment have been presented in Table 2. 8 (a) and 2. 8 (b) : Table 2. 8 (a): Details of the major bridges

Span S. No. Chainage Category Skew Angle (Deg.) Arrangement (m)

1 5+665 River 2X20+10X30 0

2 7+590 Canal 3X30 0

3 40+087 River 1X15+34X40 0

4 65+717 Stream 3X30 32

5 89+462 Stream 4X30 13

6 97+592 Stream 3X25 26

Table 2.8 (b): Details of Minor bridges

Span S. No. Chainage Category Skew Angle (Deg.) Arrangement (m)

1 0+523 CANAL 1X12 68°

2 3+040 NALA 1X10 38°

3 9+159 NALA 1 X10 9°

4 13+707 NALA 1X10 24°

5 14+039 NALA 1X25 15°

6 14+931 CANAL 1X20 17°

7 15+566 NALA 1X10 19°

8 17+559 CANAL 1X25 4°

9 18+420 NALA 2X20 33°

10 19+578 NALA 1X20 36°

11 21+501 CANAL 1X25 45°

12 22+773 NALA 1X15 0°

13 22+900 NALA 1X20 26°

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 14 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Span S. No. Chainage Category Skew Angle (Deg.) Arrangement (m)

14 25+678 CANAL 1X20 11°

15 27+261 NALA 1X30 4°

16 29+958 CANAL 1X30 58°

17 33+016 NALA 1X15 20°

18 36+923 CANAL 1X20 29°

19 38+943 NALA 1X25 13°

20 41+260 NALA 1X10 47°

21 042+849 NALA 1X25 7

22 045+983 NALA 1X20 5

23 068+949 NALA 1X8 0

24 071+41 6 NALA 2X25 11

25 078+154 NALA 2X25 14

26 088+079 NALA 1X12 13

27 089+840 NALA 1X10 15

28 090+017 NALA 1X15 10

29 090+111 NALA 1X30 0

30 092+374 NALA 1X35 13

31 101+985 NALA 1X30 0

32 102+950 NALA 1X30 0

33 103+295 NALA 1X10 55

34 123+323 NALA 1X 15 0°

The length of the bridge at all these locations has been finalized based on the extent of the w a ter spread as seen from the site and verified by the topo survey. These have been compared with earlier proposal and accordingly span arrangement has be en fixed. At all these locations, the depth of flow is shallow as enquired from the local. All the existing bridge at these locations has wide and shallow depth of flow and HFL has never been found to be more than 2.5m from the bed level. The formation lev el at all these

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 15 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

bridges has been kept accordingly to accommodate the water depth, clearance and depth of super structure. Details of Animal Underpasses As recommended by forest department 26 number s of Animal under passes has been provided at locations sho wn below. Table 2.8 (c): Details of Animal Underpasses

S. Span Chainage Category Skew Angle (Deg.) No. Arrangement (m)

1 043+654 AUP 1X10X5 0

2 044+756 AUP 1X8X4 0

3 046+667 AUP 2X25X6 0

4 048+230 AUP 4X25X6 10

5 050+526 AUP 3X25X6 0

6 051+516 AUP 1X 6X4 0

7 054+812 AUP 1X12X5 0

8 055+700 AOP 2X25 0

9 056+730 AUP 3X25X6 0

10 057+736 AUP 2X30X6 0

11 059+715 AUP 1X8X4 0

12 060+600 MJB/AUP 3X25X6 10

13 063+265 AOP 2X25 10

14 064+388 AUP 3X25X6 0

15 065+150 AUP 1X6X4 0

16 066+148 AUP 1X12X5 0

17 067+471 AUP 1X7X4 0

18 073+000 AUP 1X10X5 0

19 085+382 AUP 1X8X4 0

20 095+090 AUP 1X12X5 0

VIADUCT/A 21 104+235 8X30 0 UP

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 16 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. Span Chainage Category Skew Angle (Deg.) No. Arrangement (m)

22 104+900 AUP 1X8X4 0

VIADUCT/A 23 105+749 8X30 0 UP

VIADUCT/A 24 106+270 10X30 0 UP

25 117+300 AUP 1X6X4 0

26 118+500 AUP 1X8 X4 0

2.7.2 Details of the proposed major/minor Junctions The proposed National Highway project with new alignment has been envisaged through an area which shall have the advantage of simultaneous development as well as shall result in a shorter distance to tr avel. The junctions with proposed road will be planned in the form of interchanges and flyover to ensure uninterrupted flow of traffic. There are 09 major intersections on project road with National Highway / State highway / MDR out of which 04 no. are + j unction, 5 no. is Y junction and 42 mino r junctions . The details of the junctions falling along the proposed alignment have been presented in Table 2.9 (a) and Table 2.9 (b) respectively. Table 2.9 (a): Details of Major Junctions

S. Design Category of Type of Leading to Leading to No. Chainage (Km ) Road Junction LHS RHS

1 0+635 NH - 43 + Pacheda Abhanpur

2 5+476 SH - 2 + Gatapar Abhanpur

3 18+387 MDR + Sirri Gatapar

4 29+829 NH Y Umarda Kurud

5 62+983 SH Y Basi Khai Keregaon

6 67+257 MDR + Khairbharri Siy arinala

7 84+500 SH Y Kanker Dabbipani

8 99+061 MDR Y Basanwahi Mawalipara

9 119+570 MDR Y Salna Kundei

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 17 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 2.9 (b ): Details of Minor Junctions

S. No. Design Category of Type Leading to LHS Leading to Chainage Road RHS

1. 1+750 VR + Pacheda Nayak b andha

2. 3+560 VR Y Pacheda Abhanpur

3. 10+082 ODR + Tokaro Kodapar

4. 12+318 VR + Karga Sirri

5. 14+926 VR + Kharra Kulhadi

6. 16+284 VR Y Karga Gatapar

7. 19+272 ODR + Shivni Kalan Gatapar

8. 21+235 VR + Shivni Kalan Achhoti

9. 22+520 VR Y Shivni Kalan Gobra

10. 23+465 VR + Paraswani Gobra

11. 25+806 VR + Mendarka Bhothali

12. 27+765 ADB + Dahdaha Kurud

13. 32+472 VR Y Kamraude -

14. 33+415 VR + Mandraud Kokadi

15. 35+590 ODR + Mandraud Nawagaon

16. 38+291 ODR Y Joratarai Nawagaon

17. 41+9 35 ODR + Mohandi Sonewara

18. 45+760 VR Y - -

19. 52+193 VR Y Chhalkani Jhuratarai

20. 53+270 VR + Magaud Jhuratarai

21. 61+904 VR Y Palwadi Korra

22. 67+839 FR Y - -

23. 69+180 VR + Khairbharri Hitali

24. 70+336 VR + Gattasilli Hitali

25. 71+931 V R Y Khairbharri Kuralthemri

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 18 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. No. Design Category of Type Leading to LHS Leading to Chainage Road RHS

26. 73+700 ODR + Gattasilli Kuralthemri

27. 75+940 VR + Chiwarri Mal Jamgaon

28. 79+708 VR + Maheshpur Jamgaon

29. 82+150 VR + Ghotiyawahi Jamgaon

30. 83+250 VR + Ghotiyawahi Dabbipani

31. 86+974 VR + Khajrawan Kanker

32. 90+482 VR + Dudhwa dam Kanker

33. 93+180 VR Y Dudhwa dam Mawalipara

34. 95+742 VR + Nayapara Mawalipara

35. 102+920 VR + Musurputa -

36. 110+170 VR Y Khalari Laxmikant

37. 112+750 VR Y Sargipal Laxmikant

38. 113+990 VR + Sargipal Pitechunwa

39. 115 +660 VR Y Hatma Badagaon

40. 117+140 VR Y Manikpur Badagaon

41. 121+795 VR Y Koregaon Kundei

42 122+851 ODR Y Salna Banskot

2.7.3 Details of the proposed ROB There is 01 no. of ROB which has been proposed of Composite Girder (Size – 1 x 36 + 2 x 18) at Ch . 6+527.

2.7.4 Details of proposed Interchanges & Flyover The efficiency, safety, speed, cost of operation and capacity of National Highway is influenced by the design of the interchanges. Interchanges are required for uninterrupted transfer of traffic from one road to another. The design of interchanges is required for the maximum capacity of roads to accommodate the coming & leaving traffic and level - of - service without interrupting the National Highway users. The Design

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 19 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

of proposed project does not involve any flyover . The details of the proposed interchanges have been presented in Table 2. 10 . Table 2. 10 : Details of the proposed Interchanges

S. Chainage Name of Place Type of Type of Type of Section N. Crossing Road Interchange 1. 0 + 93 0 Abhanpur Y NH - 43 Rou ndabout Abhanpur - Kurud 2. 5+ 220 Abhanpur + SH - 2 Left - in Left - out Abhanpur - Kurud 3. 29+830 Kurud + NH - Double trumpet Kurud - Nagri 130CD 4. 62+500 Nagri + SH Single Trumpet Kurud – Nagri 5. 88+800 Kanker + SH - 6 Single Trumpet Kurud – Nagri 6. 119+ 500 Kanker + MDR Roundabout Salna - Badagaon

2.7.5 Details of vehicular, light and small vehicular underpasses Light vehicular underpasses are proposed for the pedestrian Underpass facility. There are 09 VUP ’s, 44 LVUP’s and 01 VOP along the project road. The de tails of the proposed VUP, LVUP and SVUP have been presented in Table 2.1 1 . Table 2.11 ( a ) : Details of proposed VUP

S. Road Skew Angle Span Vertical Chainage No. Category (Deg.) Arrangement (m) Clearance (m) 1 5+480 SH2 30 1X20 5.5

2 10+082 ODR 30 1X20 5 .5

3 18+390 MDR 33 1X20 5.5

4 27+758 ODR 33 1X20 5.5

5 29+830 MDR/ODR 28 1X20 5.5

6 35+592 ODR 32° 1x20 5.5

7 41+937 ODR 17° 1x20 5.5

8 084+900 ODR 39° 1 X 20 5.5

9 119+595 ODR 1 X 20 5.5

Table 2.11( b ): Details of proposed VOP

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 20 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. Ro ad Skew Angle Span Vertical Chainage No. Category (Deg.) Arrangement (m) Clearance (m) 1 110+208 ODR 15° 2 X 25 5.5

Table 2.11( c ): Details of proposed LVUP

S. Skew Angle Span Vertical Chainage Road Category No. (Deg.) Arrangement (m) Clearance (m)

1 03+560 VR 51° 1 x12 4

2 07+500 VR 0° 1x12 4

3 07+700 VR 0° 1x12 4

4 12+319 VR 9° 1x12 4

5 16+289 VR 47° 1x12 4

6 19+275 ODR 14° 1x12 4

7 21+233 VR 7° 1x12 4

8 22+520 VR 51° 1x12 4

9 23+465 VR 0° 1x12 4

10 25+808 VR 11° 1x12 4

11 27+510 WSA 0° 1x12 4

12 33+414 V R 7° 1x12 4

13 38+284 ODR 36° 1x12 4

14 42+559 VR 0° 1x12 4

15 045+600 17 1 x 12 4

16 052+182 17 1 x 12 4

17 053+257 21 1 x 12 4

18 061+880 42 1 x 12 4

19 067+244 19 1 x 12 4

20 069+275 10 1 x 12 4

21 070+322 12 1 x 12 4

22 071+891 46 1 x 12 4

23 072+760 0 1 x 12 4

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 21 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. Skew Angle Span Vertical Chainage Road Category No. (Deg.) Arrangement (m) Clearance (m)

24 073+691 12 1 x 12 4

25 076+020 0 1 x 12 4

26 076+455 0 1 x 12 4

27 079+696 0 1 x 12 4

28 082+143 13 1 x 12 4

29 083+275 15 1 x 12 4

30 084+392 0 1 x 12 4

31 086+956 12 1 x 12 4

32 090+462 0 1 x 12 4

33 090+675 0 1 x 12 4

34 093+277 43 1 x 12 4

35 095+744 16 1 x 12 4

36 099+047 67 1 x 12 4

37 100+885 1 x 12 4

38 102+918 14 1 x 12 4

39 112+758 44 1 x 12 4

40 113+998 22 1 x 12 4

41 114+800 0 1 x 12 4

42 115+671 29 1 x 12 4

43 117+755 53 1 x 12 4

44 121+794 0 1 x 12 4

2.7.6 Details of the Proposed Box Culverts There are 174 nos. of box culverts that has been proposed on the alignment. The detail of the total culverts is presented in Table 2.1 2 . Table 2.1 2 : Det ails of Proposed Culverts

S. No. Chainage Category Span Arrangement (m) Vertical Clearance

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 22 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. No. Chainage Category Span Arrangement (m) Vertical Clearance

1 0+813 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

2 1+300 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

3 1+800 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

4 1+964 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

5 2+214 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

6 2+490 Box Cu lvert 1X3 2.75

7 3+755 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

8 4+000 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

9 4+425 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

10 4+600 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

11 4+880 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

12 5+256 Box Culvert#(R) 1X6 4

13 6+320 Box Culvert 1X4 2.75

14 6+594 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

15 7+100 Box Culvert 1X4 2.75

16 7+920 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

17 8+309 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

18 8+880 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

19 9+400 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

20 9+812 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

21 10+022 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

22 10+500 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

23 11+030 Box Culvert#(R) 1X3 4

24 11+102 Box Culvert 1X4 2.75

25 11+470 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

26 11+815 Box Culvert#(R) 1X6 4

27 12+712 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

28 13+100 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 23 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. No. Chainage Category Span Arrangement (m) Vertical Clearance

29 13+580 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

30 14+572 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

31 15+330 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

32 15+812 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

33 16+112 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

34 16+440 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

35 16+710 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

36 17+067 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

37 17+919 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

38 18+814 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

39 19+700 Box Culvert 1X4 2.75

40 19+809 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

41 20+114 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

42 20+530 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

43 20+830 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

44 21+164 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

45 21+930 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

46 22+180 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

47 22+480 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

48 23+500 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

49 23+800 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

50 24+382 Box Culvert#(R) 1X6 4

51 24+800 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

52 25+084 Box Culvert#(R) 1X6 4

53 25+517 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

54 25+880 Box Culvert 1X3 2. 75

55 26+230 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

56 26+804 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 24 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. No. Chainage Category Span Arrangement (m) Vertical Clearance

57 28+092 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

58 28+856 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

59 30+530 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

60 30+810 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

61 30+938 Box Culvert#(R) 1X4 4

62 31+240 Box Culvert 1X3 2 .75

63 31+565 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

64 31+705 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

65 32+150 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

66 32+466 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

67 32+703 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

68 33+928 Box Culvert 1X6 2.75

69 34+200 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

70 34+631 Box Culvert 1X3 2 .75

71 35+093 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

72 35+394 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

73 35+918 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

74 36+438 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

75 36+770 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

76 37+456 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

77 37+958 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

78 38+600 Box Culvert 1X3 2 .75

79 39+100 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

80 41+760 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

81 42+070 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

82 045+446 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

83 047+982 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

84 048+098 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 25 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. No. Chainage Category Span Arrangement (m) Vertical Clearance

85 052+303 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

86 052+430 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

87 052+946 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

88 053+367 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

89 056+667 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

90 062+246 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

91 065+420 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

92 066+306 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

93 066+546 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

94 066+795 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

95 067+384 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

96 068+646 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

97 068+807 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

98 069+089 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

99 069+446 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

100 069+910 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

101 070+646 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

102 071+050 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

103 071+987 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

104 072+448 Box Culvert 1X4 2.75

105 072+650 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

106 073+790 Box Culvert 1X4 2.75

107 074+145 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

108 074+540 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

109 075+543 Box Cul vert 1X5 2.75

110 075+650 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

111 076+200 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

112 077+106 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 26 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. No. Chainage Category Span Arrangement (m) Vertical Clearance

113 077+280 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

114 077+658 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

115 077+912 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

116 078+800 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

117 079+135 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

118 079+400 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

119 080+352 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

120 081+738 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

121 082+487 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

122 083+051 Box Culvert 1X5 2.75

123 083+580 Box Culvert 2X2 2.75

124 084+438 Box Cul vert 1X3 2.75

125 085+905 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

126 086+115 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

127 086+695 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

128 086+980 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

129 088+914 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

130 090+165 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

131 090+363 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

132 090+885 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

133 090+965 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

134 091+200 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

135 091+487 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

136 091+880 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

137 092+678 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

138 093+088 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

139 093+378 B ox Culvert 1X3 2.75

140 093+888 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 27 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. No. Chainage Category Span Arrangement (m) Vertical Clearance

141 094+285 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

142 094+730 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

143 095+833 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

144 096+082 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

145 096+580 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

146 097+200 Box Culvert 1X3 2 .75

147 098+100 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

148 098+710 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

149 099+383 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

150 099+987 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

151 100+472 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

152 101+665 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

153 102+280 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

154 103+060 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

155 111+553 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

156 111+955 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

157 112+038 Box Culvert 1X5 4

158 113+052 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

159 113+829 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

160 114+112 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

161 115+303 Box Culvert 1X4 2. 75

162 115+533 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

163 116+078 Box Culvert 1X5 4

164 116+542 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

165 117+855 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

166 118+955 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

167 119+453 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

168 120+160 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 28 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. No. Chainage Category Span Arrangement (m) Vertical Clearance

169 120+753 B ox Culvert 1X3 2.75

170 121+225 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

171 122+003 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

172 122+650 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

173 123+553 Box Culvert 1X3 2.75

174 124+253 Box Culvert (R)# 1X6 4

2.7.7 Details of the proposed tunnel There is 01 no. of tunnel whi ch has been proposed along the proposed highway . The details of proposed tunnel are presented in Table 2.13 . Table 2.13 : Details of proposed tunnel

S. No. Chainage (km) Total Length (km)

1. 106+820 to 109+650 2.830

2.8 TYPICAL CROSS SECTION Cross section requirements for roadways vary according to the capacity and level of service to be provided. Universal standards in the design of roadways are not practical. Each roadway section must be individually analyzed and its cross section determined based on the volume and type of projected traffic, capacity, desired level of service, and available right - of - way. These cross sections are typical for facilities on new location and where right - of - way constraints are not critical. The details of typical Cross section (TCS) of six lane National Highway start from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kond agaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh from CH: 0+000 to 124 +66 1 are attached as Annexure I V . 2.9 COST ESTIMATES The total civil cost of project including site clearance and dismantling, construction of the bridges, ROB, Tunnel, culverts etc is Rs. 3667 .1 4 Cr . The breakup of the civil cost is presented in Table 2. 14 . Table 2.14 : Detailed break up of t otal civil cost

Sr. No. Item Amount in Rs.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 29 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improv e the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Mi nistry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

1 Site Clearance and Dismantling 4 , 12 , 46 , 892.93 2 Earthwork 4 , 80 , 70 , 19 , 035.43 3 Granular Sub Base and Base Courses 2, 77 , 33 , 10 , 331.20 4 Bituminous Courses (Flexible Pavement) 3,25,60,22,766.45 5 Rigid Pavement 17,37,05,102 .00 6 Culverts 70 , 12,07,990.89 7 Bridges 5,28,51,03,592 .00 8 Flyover/Underpass 1,16,08,19,117 .00 9 ROB 13,32,02,172 .00 10 Drainage and Protection works 3,65,36 , 49 , 164.59 11 Junctions 83 ,0 6,97,530.76 12 Traffic Signs, Markings and Appurt enances 21 , 43 , 83 , 585.95 13 Miscellaneous 4,04,23,84,712 .00 14 Tunnel 5,66,96,22,000.00 Total Civil construction cost in Rs. 32 , 74 , 23 , 73 , 993.20 Add GST 12% (on civil construction cost) 3 , 92 , 9 0 , 84 , 879.18 Total cost 36 ,6 7 ,1 4 ,5 8 , 872.38 Per Km in Rs. Cror e 29,41,69,458.55

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 2 - 30 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 3 : DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

In order to understand the baseline environmental status and impacts due to the proposed construction of National Highway , observations were made by field visits. The relevant secondary data were also collected. The methodologies adopted can be classified in the following way: 1. The preparation of questionnaire for environmental surveys. 2. Field observations of these questionnai res including public consultation. 3. Screening, testing and monitoring of environmental factors like Air, W ater , Soil and N oise level. 4. Collection of secondary data from various departments. 5. Compilation, analysis and presentation of the report.

3.1 PREPARATION OF QUESTIONNAIRES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Questionnaires were prepared after thoroughly studying the environmental guidelines and conditions of th e Ministry of Environmental, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF &CC). Questionnaires for Environmental appra i sal for Road / Highway projects by MoEF &CC were also taken into account while preparing Questionnaire. Total four sets of questionnaires were prepared for field survey/data collection. The details of these are as follows: 1. Environmental screening information like natio nal parks, wild life sanctuary, forests, archeological, cultural, religious structures etc. within 10 Kms on both sides of the National Highway . 2. Environmental screening survey, effects on environment: views of the community. 3. The survey of featur es within Right of Way (ROW) on both the sides of the proposed National Highway . 4. Questionnare was also designed to collect data on wildlife / national park s from villagers and road users .

3.1.1 Field Observation on Questionnaire A team under the leadership of Environmental Expert was constituted to undertake the field survey of the questionnaire. The young workers were apprised of the comprehension of the work emphasis on public consultation.

3.1.2 Screening, Testing & Monitoring of Physical Environmental Factors Th e entire stretch of proposed alignment was surveyed and screened. The collection of water samples, soil samples and other data pertaining to air quality and noise were done along the proposed alignment . The samples were analyzed in NABL accredited laborat ory .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 1 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3.1.2.1 Ambient Air Quality Ambient air quality is the most significant parameter that is required to quantify the impact on the natural and biophysical environment. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) was monitored along the proposed alignment at selected sites. The locations selected were those of the city / town area, the market place and the rural areas. The details of locations and monitoring results are discussed in Chapter – 3 . The air quality parameters considered for the study include s Particulate Matter 10

(P M10) , Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Sulphur Di - oxide (SO 2 ), and Carbon monoxide (CO).

a) Particulate Matters (PM 10 & PM 2.5 )

PM 10 and PM 2.5 were monitored using a Respirable Dust sampler (RDS) and PM2.5 Sampler. A pre - conditioned and weighted glass fiber filter paper is used for PM10 and PTFE filter paper is used for RDS/PM2.5 samplers. A known quantity of the air was sucked through the filte r paper in a prescribed sampling time. The flow was noted from the manometer. The multiplication of time with rate gave the total quantity of air passed through the filter paper. After sampling, the filter paper was removed, conditioned and weighed finally for getting the concentrations in ambient air.

b) Sulphur Di - Oxides (SO 2 ) A known quantity of the air was bubbled through impingers containing

tetrachloromercurate. SO 2 , formed a disulfiltomercurate complex, which gave a pinkish blue colour with p - rosani line and formaldehyde solution. The intensity of colour produced was proportional to concentration of sulphur dioxide. The measurement was made by using spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 560 nm.

c) Nitrogen Di - Oxides (NOx) A known quantity of air was passed through impingers containing sodium hydroxide - sodium arsenite solution. The estimation of NOx was done calorimetrically using hydrogen peroxide, sulfanilamide, NEDA, etc. The intensity of the colour was measured at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer.

d) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sample taken in Tedlar Bag and been tested by Non - dispersive Infrared (NDIR) Spectroscopy method.

3.1.2.1.1 Instrument Used for Sampling Respirable Dust Samplers APM - 250 of Lata Envirotech Services make were installed for monitoring Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gase ous pollutants like SO2 and NOX whereas the concentration Particulate

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 2 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

matter 2.5 was monitored by installing Envirotech made APM 50MFC particulate matter sampler.

3.1.2.1.2 Techniques for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring The techniques used for Ambient Air Quality monitoring have been presented in Table 3 . 1 .

Table 3 . 1: Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Parameter Technique Technical NAAQM Protocol Standards (24 hrs basis) Particulate Matter Respirable Dust IS - 5182 (Part - IV) 100 (Size less than 10µm) Sampler (Gravimetric 3 or PM 10 , µg/m method) Particulate Matter PM 2.5 APM 550 Fine 60 (Size less than 2.5µm) Particle Sampler or PM2.5 , µg/m 3 (Gravimetric method) Sulphur Dioxide Improved West and IS - 5182 (Part - II) 80 (SO2), µg/m 3 Gaeke Method Nitrogen Dioxide Jacob and Hochheiser IS - 5182 (Part - IV) 80 (NO2), µg/m 3 Carbon Monoxide Non – dispersive IS - 5182 (Part - IV) 4 (CO), mg/m 3 Infrared (NDIR) Spectroscopy

3.1.2.2 Water Quality Samples of ground water were collected from existing Bore wells whereas samples of surface wat er were collected from rivers and available local surface water body like ponds, lakes etc.The samples were analyzed for parameters necessary to determine water quality (based on IS : 10500 criteria) and those which are relevant from the point of view of environmental impact of the proposed highway project.

3.1.2.3 Soil Quality For studying soil quality, sampling location was selected to assess the existing soil conditio ns in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The sample was collected by ramming a core - cutter into the soil up to 3 0 cm depth.Soil samples were collected and analyzed for relevant physical and chemical characteristics in ord er to assess the impact of the proposed project on soil.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 3 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3 .1.2.3.1 Sampling Frequency and Analysis Methodology The physical and chemical characteristics of the soil of the study area have been assessed by analyzing various parameters as per the methods described in “Soil Chemical Analysis” (M.L Jackson) and Department of Agriculture and Cooperation. Standard classi fication of Soil as per Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi has been presented in Table 3 . 2. Table 3 . 2: Standard Classification of Soil S. No. Soil Test Classification 1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51 - 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51 - 6.0 moderately acidic 6.01 - 6.50 slightly acidic 6.51 - 7.30 Neutral 7.31 - 7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81 - 8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51 - 9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity Upto 1.00 Average (mmhos/cm) 1.01 - 2.00 harmful to germination (1 ppm = 640 mmho/cm) 2.01 - 3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon Upto 0.2: very less 0.21 - 0.4: less 0.41 - 0.5 medium, 0.51 - 0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81 - 1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Upto 50 very less 51 - 100 less 101 - 150 good 151 - 300 Better >300 sufficient 5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Upto 15 very less 16 - 30 less 31 - 50 medium, 51 - 65 on an average sufficient 66 - 80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6 Potash (Kg/ha) 0 - 120 very less

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 4 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

120 - 180 less 181 - 240 medium 241 - 300 average 301 - 360 better >360 more than sufficient

3.1.2.4 Noise Level Sound Pressure Level (SPL) was measured by a sophisticated sound level meter (Integrating Sound Level Meter Cygnet, Model 2031A). The noise level (Leq) was measured using noise meter at various sites along the entire stretch of National Highway during day (6.00 am to 10 pm) and night (10 pm to 6.00 am). The noise levels is expressed as an equivalent noise level (Leq) which is the mea surement duration of sound pressure level as the averaging time. It is calculated as follows: Leq = 10 Log10 [  n 1 ] n10 n/10 Where, Li = Instantaneous sound intensity level dB (A) n = No. of observations 3 .1.2.4.1 Noise Standards The Ambient Noise Quality Standards with respect to noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide Gazette Notification dt. 14.02.2000. Table 3 . 3 describes the Ambient Noise Standards. Table 3. 3: Ambient Noise Standards

Area Code Catego ry of Area Limits in dB (A), Leq Day time Night time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone* 50 40 * - Silence zone is defined as an area up to 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent authority;

3.1.3 Secondary Available Data The secondary data were collected from following sources has been presented in Table 3 . 4 :

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 5 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 3 . 4: Secondary data collective from sources 1. General information District Collector/Gazetteer Office, Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker & Kondagaon. 2. Meteorological data Indian Meteorological Department 3. Statistical data District Statistical Office 4. Irrigation and hydrogeology data Central Ground Water Board 5. General Land use and Cropping Pattern Agriculture Department 6. Relief and slope Survey of India 7. Rocks and minerals Geological Survey of India 8. Industries District Industries Center 9. Maps and Topo sheets Survey of India 10. Forest Types, Wild life and Bio - diversity State Forest Department, Government of Chhattisgarh 11 . Archaeological Data Archaeological Survey of India

3.2 ANALYSES,ANALYSES, COMPILATIONCOMPILATION AND PREPARATION OF REPORT The data collected by survey teams were compiled. Along wit h the field monitoring studies and secondary data, these were used to ident ify the environmental problem spots or ‘Hot Spots’. The following analyses were carried out based on compiled information: 1. The levels of environmental parameters were compared with the prescribed limits suggested by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This gave a clear idea that special attention is paid in areas where the level of pollution is higher than desirable. Those stretches, where the pollution level does not exceed the desired limits despite construction of the National Highway will be dropped from further study. 2. The sites where the impact is minimum or nearly absent has been identified. This may help in selection of major storage sites during construction work. 3. The mitigation measures have been suggested to reduce the adverse i mpacts due to the proposed widening and detailed environmental management plan have been prepared covering both the phases i.e. construction and operation of highway.

3.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 3.3.1 Physical/Natural Environment Baseline environmental data plays a key role in identification of environmental parameters likely to be affected due to the proposed project. This also facilitates the decision maker to assess a particular environmental parameter which needs to be incorpor ated during the detailed Environmental Assessment study and for further detailed investigation. The scope of this chapter is limited to only those issues, which are of concern in the environmental assessment. With rapid strides in economic

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 6 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

development, the need to rationalize the development is imperative. During the process of development, there has been intensive use of natural resources, very often leading to ecological imbalances. In a road project like this involving wide ranging construction activitie s, conservation of flora, fauna and the ecosystem forms important aspect of overall sustainable development process. The data/ features documented hereunder have been collected through field investigation, interaction with local population and desk researc h and published data sources. The environmental baseline data comprise the features present within a strip of 10 km on either side of the proposed alignment. This area is referred to as study area/ project area in the report. It includes environmental feat ures such as forest areas, conservation areas, water bodies (rivers, lakes ponds and reservoirs), industries, wildlife/National parks and, places of historical importance, tourism etc .

3.3.2 Geographic al Location of the project Highway The proposed National Highway is entirely green field project and proposed for six lane from Jhanki village in Raipur District to Marangpuri village in Ko ndagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh from Ch 0.000 - Ch 124.661 km . Proposed Project Highway traverses from Starting 2 1 ° 05 ' 18.31"N to 81°45 ' 0.02 "E and ending 20 ° 01 '4 4.76 "N to 8 1 ° 51 ' 57.94 "E .

3.3.3 Land Use and Terrain Studies on land use aspects of eco - system play important roles for identifying sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological balance in the development of the region.

3 .3.3.1 Objective The objectives of the study of land use are:  To determine the present land use pattern;  To analyse the impacts on land use due to proposed project in the study area;  To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis - à - vis growth of plant activities in the study area and its associated impacts.

3 .3.3.2 Methodology A hybrid technique has been used i.e. visual interpretation and digital processing has been used for the preparation of land use/ land cover map of present study. Survey of India reference map on 1:50,000 scale have been used for the preparation of base map and geometric correction of satellite data. Ground truth has been carried out to valid ate the interpretation accuracy and reliability of remotely sensed data, by enabling verification of the interpreted details and by supplementing with the information, which cannot be obtained directly on satellite imagery.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 7 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

ERDAS 9.2 and Arc GIS 9.3 so ftware was used for digital processing of the spatial data. Digital image processing techniques were applied for the mapping of the land use land cover classes of the provided area from the satellite data.

3.3.3.3 Land Use/Land cover of the study area The existing land use around the proposed National Highway primarily comprises of agricultural land, forest area, land for cattle grazing, village settlements and village ponds / nallah . The proposed alignment passes mostly through uninhabited area avoiding village establishments. The agriculture practiced is mostly multicrop due to the network of canals /rivers and main crops grown in the area are Wheat, maize, soybean etc. The land us e map for a buffer length of 1 k m around the proposed project has been pre pared to a scale of 1:25000 based on recent satellite imagery. It shows features such as crop lands, agricultural plantations, fallow lands, waste lands, water bodies, built - up areas, forest areas and other surface features such as railway tracks, roads. T able 3 . 5 describes the land use of the study area. The land use map based on satellite imagery within 1 k m buffer length of the proposed project has been shown in Fig 3 . 1.

Table 3 . 5 : Land use of the Study Area (1 k m)

S.No. Particulars Area (sq. km ) Percentage (%) 1. Agricultural Land 151.34 59.07 2. Dense Forest 35.55 13.88 3. Land Wth/Without Scrub 12.19 4.76 4. Open Forest 36.85 14.39 5. Plantation 0.26 0.10 6. Settlement 13.98 5.46 7. Water Body 6.01 2.35 Total 256.19 100

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 8 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fig. 3 . 1: Land use of the proposed National Highway (1k m buffer zone)

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 9 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3.3.4 Climate and Micro - Meteorological Parameters

3.3.4.1 Climate and Rainfall

Raipur has a tropical wet and dry climate, temperatures remain moderate throughout the year, except from March to June, which can be extremely hot. The temperature in April – May sometimes rises above 48 °C (118 °F). These summer months also have dry and hot winds . The city receives about 1,300 millimetres (51 in) of rain, mostly in the monsoon season from late June to early October. Winters last from November to January and are mild, although lows can fall to 5 °C (41 °F) making it reasonably cold .

Dhamtari: The district has a tropical wet and dry climate, temperatures remain moderate throughout the year, except from March to June, which can be extremely hot. The temperature in April – May sometimes rises above 48 °C (118 °F). These summer months also have dry and hot winds. The city receives about 1,300 millimetres (51 in) of rain, mostly in the monsoon season from late June to early October. Winters last from November to January and are mild, although lows can fall to 5 °C (41 °F) making it reasonably cold .

Kanke r: The climate of the district is of predominantly a “Monsoon type”. May is the hottest month and December is the coolest month. Annual average rainfall in the district is 1492 mm, 90% of which falls during the period from June to October. The average annu al rainfall has fluctuated greatly over the last six years. Within the district, the Kanker and Charama blocks have a predominantly dry climate, whereas that of Bhanupratappur is of the wet type .

Kondagaon: The climate of the district is of predominantly a “Monsoon type”. May is the hottest month and December is the coolest month. Annual average rainfall in the district is 1492 mm, 90% of which falls during the period from June to October. The average rainfall in the district is 1205 - 65 mm.

3 .3.4.5 Wind Speed/Direction Site specific meteorological data during study period of winter period (Dec. 2019 - Feb. 2020) shows that the maximum & minimum temperatures were recorded as 30 0 C & 5 0 C respectively. The maximum & minimum pressure & relative humidity were recorded as 1023 & 1007 hPa and 98 & 22% respectively. The predominant wind direction is N followed by SE and the wind speed varied from 0.1 to 13.54 m/sec . The site specific Meteorological data during the study period from Dec 2019 – Feb 2020 has been sh own in Table 3.6 . The wind Rose Diagram for Raipur District has been shown in Figure 3.2 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 10 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 3. 6 : Site Specific Meteorological data during the study period Dec 2019 – Feb 2020: Sl. Month No. Parameters Nov Dec Jan 1 Temperature ( 0 C) Maximum 30 27 27 Minimum 14 5 7 Average 21 17 16 2 Relative Humidity (%) Maximum 92 98 98 Minimum 30 26 22 3 Wind speed (m/s) Maximum 12.34 12.98 13.54 Minimum 0.1 0.1 0.2 4 Pressure (hPa) Maximum 1018 1023 1023 Minimum 1007 1010 1008 5 Predominant Wind Direction Followed by N N N SE SE SE

Source: Nearest IMD Raipur Fig. 3 .2 : Wind Rose Diagram for Raipur District

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 11 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3.3.5 Natural Hazards and Vulnerability of the sub project area

3 .3.5.1 Seismic Profile of the area The seismic hazard map of India was updated in 2000 (4) by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The main change in the map for the state of Chhatisgarh was the merging of Zones I and II under which much of the state falls. A sliver of the district of Dantewara lies in Zone II. Pa rts of the the northern districts of Bilaspur, Janjgir, Jashpur, Korba, Koria and Sarguja lie in Zone III. Since the earthquake database in India is still incomplete, especially with regards to earthquakes prior to the historical period (before 1800 A.D.) . According to GSHAP data, the state of Chhattisgarh falls in a region of low seismic hazard with the exception being moderate hazard in areas along the Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh state borders. As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones II & III. Historically, parts of this state have experienced seismic activity in the M4.0 range. The seismic hazard map of India was updated in 2000 (8) by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). As the project road falls within R aipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon district, it comes under Seismic Zone II. As per Global Seismic Hazards Assessment Program (GSHA P) data, Chhattisgarh State Disaster Management Authority as shown in Fig. 3 . 3 , the proposed National Highway falls in moderate damage zone (Zone I II ) . The map showing seismic zone of India is shown in Fig. 3 . 4 .

Fig. 3 . 3 : Seismic Map of Chhattisgarh

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 12 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fig. 3 . 4 : Seismic Zone of India

3.4 GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA

 Geomorphology & Soil types The Raipur district has va ried geomorphological features. Geomorphologically the district is having matured type of land forms and can be broadly divided into two prominent geomorphic units. These are 1. Dissected pediplain made by Proterozoic shale - limestone dolomi te area. 2. Alluvial Plain formed by Seonath - Mahanadi Alluvium.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 13 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

As per the US soil taxonomy only two soil types namely Vertisol and Ultisol have been found in the district. The Indian equivalent of Ultisols which are available in the district are Lateritic soil and red & yellow soils. They mainly occupy the entire eastern part and also as patches in the southern and central part of the district.

The Dhamtari district has varied geomorphological features. Geomorphologically the district is having matured ty pe of land forms and can be broadly divided into two prominent geomorphic units. These are 1. Chhattisgarh plains in the northern part of the district. 2. Bastar plateau in the southern part of the district.

The northern part of the district represents Chhattisgarh plains, with an elevation ranging between 290 and 320 m amsl .The Mahanadi River flows from southwest to northeast direction and divides the plains into two halves. The southern half of the district is predominantly a part of Bastar plateau. This is characterized by hilly tracks and intermediate plateau, flanked by high mounds and hillocks rising to an altitude of 700 meters. The elevation of this region ranges from 400 to700 meters. The slope is tow ards northeast and northwest thus forming a NNW - SSE trending major surface divide in this region. The main Geomorphological features and landforms developed in the district are Pediplains, Pediments, Residual hills, Structural hills and Flood Plains.

Kan ker: The soil in Kanker originates from granite, gneiss, sand and khedar. Most of the area is covered with red soil. The soil is faintly coloured in the higher regions of the hilly tract, while in the river valleys, the soil is smooth and fertile. The soil s of this district can be divided into four types. 1. Inceptisol (Matasi - Sandyloam) 2. Alfisols (Dorsa - clay loam) 3. Vertisols (Kanhar - clayey) 4. Entisol (Bhata - gravely) Iron Ore quartzite and garnet mines are found in region iron and ore deposit have been found in the region of Bhanupratappur.

Kondagaon: Most of the area is covered with red soil. The soil is faintly coloured in the higher regions of the hilly tract, while in the river valleys, the soil is smooth and fertile. The soils of this district ca n be divided into four types. 1. Inceptisol (Matasi - Sandyloam) 2. Alfisols (Dorsa - clay loam) 3. Vertisols (Kanhar - clayey) 4. Entisol (Bhata - gravely) Kondagaon is rich with bauxite and the minor minerals such as Granite, stone clay and sand are also availab le. Source: Central Ground water Board

 Topography and Terrain Raipur: The district occupies the south eastern part of the upper Mahanadi valley and the bordering hills in the south and the east. Thus, the district is divided into two major

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 14 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

physical divisions, Viz., the Chattisgarh plain and the Hilly Areas. Mahanadi is the principal river of this district. Its tributaries being Sendur, Pairy, Sondur, Joan, Kharun and Shivnath. The fertility of lands of Raipur district can be attributed to the presenc e of these rivers. Mahanadi originating in the hills of Sihava flows in the direction of East into the Bay of Bengal. Mahanadi crosses the district diagonally from its south western corner to Northern boundaries.

Dhamatari: It is 305 Meter above the mean sea level. In the east, Satpura range is located. It is popularly known as Sihawa pahad. In west lies district of Kanker. In North lies Raipur, the heart and capital city of Chhattisgarh. Southwards lies the boundary of Odisha state. Ravishankar Sagar dam that irrigates almost 57000 Hectare of land.Asia's first ever Siphon dam was built in the year 1914 at Madamsilli. Besides Madamsilli, Sondhur dam, Dudhawa dam are the major projects.

Kanker: The surface of Kanker is built of different types of hills. Th ese hills are ancient. In Geography we can divide these hills in three groups viz. Vindhyana Hill Group, Archian Hill Groups and Dharwar Hill Groups. Around 80 percent area of Kanker is plane surface. Plane surface can be divided in two parts viz. Mahanadi plane and Kotri plane.

Kondagaon: Kondagaon has rich forest, water and mineral resources .

3.4.1 Field Study and Soil Sampling Locations For studying soil quality, sampling location was selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The sample was collected by ramming a core - cutter into the soil up to 90 - cm depth. The sample collection, preservation, storage, transportation and analysis were carried out as per the standard methods. The soil samples after collection were immediately subjected to the analysis of various parameters in the NABL Accredited laboratory. The d etails of the soil sampling locations have been pres ented in Table 3 . 7 and F ig. 3 . 5 .

Table 3 . 7 : Soil Sampling Locations Sl. No. Locations Monitoring Location 1. S1 Janki Village 2. S2 Sirri Village 3. S3 Umarda Village 4. S4 Rajpur Village 5. S5 Palwari Village 6. S6 Jamgaon Village 7. S7 Salhetola Village 8. S8 Marangpuri Village

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 15 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fig. 3 . 5 : Soil Sampling Locations Map

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 16 Development of Eco nomic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Ch hattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3.4.2 S oil Quality along the study area S oil samples were collected along the proposed National Highway and were analyzed for the physical, chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. They were assessed for agricultural and afforestation potential. The characteristics of the soil along the National Highway have been presented in Table 3 . 8 .

Table 3 . 8 : Soil Analysis along the proposed projec t S. Parameters Test Method Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 No 1. pH(1:5 IS:2720(Part - - 7.46 7.52 7.58 7.47 7.44 7.56 7.61 7.55 suspension) 26) 2. Electrical IS:2720(Part - µmhos/cm 0.43 0.39 0.37 0.41 0.46 0.52 0.47 0.39 Conductivity 21) at 25 O C (1:5 suspension.) 3. Texture STP/SOIL - Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam 4. Sand STP/SOIL % by 66.1 65.7 66.3 67.2 66.8 66.2 67.6 66.3 mass 5. Clay STP/SOIL % by 12.7 13.2 13.6 13.4 12.9 13.1 13.7 13.5 mass 6. Silt STP/SOIL % by mass 21.2 21.1 20.1 19.4 20.3 20.7 18.7 20.2 7. Nitrogen STP/SOIL mg/ha 345 341 388 378 387 382 379 390 8. Potassium(as STP/SOIL mg/ha 148.3 149.7 150.3 151.9 150.6 149.3 151.7 152.6 K) 9. Phosphorus STP/SOIL mg/kg 35.9 36.1 36.7 35.9 37.2 35.8 35.9 33.7 10. Organic IS:2720(Part - % by 0.39 0.32 0.42 0.39 0.42 0.39 0.45 0.38 Matter 22) mass 11. Moisture STP/SOIL % by 34.3 33.8 34.7 35.2 34.9 33.7 34.3 34.8 Retention mass Capacity 12. Infiltration STP/SOIL mm/hr 141 137 132 142 138 146 139 141 Rate 13. Sulphates STP/SOIL mg/kg 65.3 64.2 65.4 64.9 63.7 62.3 65.1 64.7 14. Sodium STP/SOIL mg/kg 0.032 0.045 0.039 0.041 0.039 0.045 0.043 0.040 sulphates 15. Bulk Density STP/SOIL gm/cm 3 1.321 1.256 1.321 1.289 1.278 1.313 1.378 1.356 16. Porosity STP/SOIL % 43.2 44.9 45.3 44.7 43.6 41.9 45.3 43.2

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 17 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3.4.2.1 Analysis and Interpretation . The soil of the study area is categorized as Silt Clay based on different soil separates ( silt, clay and Sand ). . The pH of the soil samples ranged from 7.44 to 7. 61 during the study period, indicating that soils are neutral to s lightly alkaline in nature. . The soil E lectrical C onductivity (EC) also varied from 0.37 µmhos/cm to 0.52 µmhos/cm . These parameters indicate that soils are neutral in reaction and having average EC. . Macro nutrients like Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Pota ssium (K) are considered as primary nutrients and sulphur (S) as secondary nutrient. These nutrients help in proper growth. The availability of nutrients in study area is good . Based on soil analysis data it is concluded that soils are neutral in reaction. The availability of Nutrients for the plant growth in the study area is good .

3.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT Air pollution can cause significant effects on the environment and subsequently on human, animals, vegetation and materials. In most cases, air pollution aggravates pre - existing diseases or degrades health status, making people easily susceptible to other infections and development of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Further, environmental impacts from air pollution can include acidic deposition and reduction in visibility. Ambient air quality is the most significant parameter that is requir ed to quantify the impact on the natural and biophysical environment.

All air pollutants emitted by point and non - point sources are transported, dispersed or concentrated by meteorological and topographical conditions. In order to assess the impact on exi sting air environment due to the proposed projects, it is necessary to have baseline air status of various pollutants . The prime objective of baseline air quality survey was to assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for asses sing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality.

3 .5 .1 Ambient Air Monitoring Location s The Ambient air quality has been carried out at 9 different locations. Major environmental receptors such as settlements etc. were also considered for sel ection of monitoring locations in the study area. The details of the Ambient Air monitoring locations h ave been presented in Table 3 . 9 and Fig. 3 . 6 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 18 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Tabl e 3 . 9 : Air Monitoring Locations Sl. Locations Monitoring Latitude Longitude Type No. Location 1. AAQ1 Janki Village 21° 5'18.97"N 81°45'0.24"E Residential 2. AAQ2 Sirri Village 20°56'14.28"N 81°45'3.84"E Residential 3. AAQ3 Umarda Village 20°49'13.79"N 81°44'57.89"E Residential 4. AAQ4 Sargi Village 20°43'10.53"N 81°45'38.41"E Residential 5. AAQ5 Palwari Village 20°32'21.58"N 81°46'47.19"E Residential 6. AAQ6 Sarkra Village 20°25'13.57"N 81°45'8.44"E Residential 7. AAQ7 Salhetola Village 20°17'53.10"N 81°44'22.35"E Residential 8. AAQ8 Bangabari Village 20°12'33.77"N 81°46'2.25"E Residential 9. AAQ9 Salna Village 20° 2'39.85"N 81°51'19.83"E Residential

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 19 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fig. 3 . 6 : Ambient Air Monitoring Locations Map

3 .5.2 Ambient Air Quality along the study area The Ambient Air Quality was measured during the period from December 2019 to February 2020 at 9 locations and results have been presented in Table 3 . 10 . The chart showing the concentrations of the pollutants at various locations has been shown from Fig. 3. 7 (a) to 3 . 7 (e ) . The Results show that all the parameters are well below the National ambient air q uality standards , 2009 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 20 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 3 . 10 : Value of the AAQ along the proposed project location S. Locatio PM10 (µg/m 3 ) PM2.5 (µg/m 3 ) SO2 (µg/m 3 ) NOx (µg/m 3 ) CO (mg/m 3 ) No. ns Min Max Avg 98P Min Max Avg 98P Min Max Avg 98P Min Max Avg 98P Min Max Avg 98P

1. AAQ1 51.03 60.78 55.91 60.59 30.27 41.56 35.92 41.33 10.23 16.86 13.55 16.73 15.32 21.22 18.27 21.10 0.31 0.52 0.42 0.516 2. AAQ2 50.36 61.23 55.80 61.01 31.09 40.39 35.74 40.20 9.54 15.42 12.48 15.30 14.76 20.06 17.41 19.95 0.29 0.5 0.40 0.496 3. AAQ3 51.85 62.21 57.03 62.00 30.89 41.23 36.06 41.02 9.68 14.25 11.97 14.16 14.52 20.42 17.47 20.30 0.3 0.48 0.39 0.476 4. AAQ4 47.12 55.45 51.29 55.28 25.41 31.63 28.52 31.51 7.34 10.41 8.88 10.35 13.6 19.44 16.52 19.32 0.27 0.5 0.39 0.495 5. AAQ5 48.63 56.32 52.48 56.17 25.96 30.56 28.26 30.47 7.52 9.87 8.70 9.82 13.33 19.26 16.30 19.14 0.25 0.47 0.36 0.466 6. AAQ6 49.34 55.27 52.31 55.15 26.32 31.62 28.97 31.51 8.36 10.53 9.45 10.49 13.1 19.02 16.06 18.90 0.26 0.49 0.38 0.485 7. AAQ7 48.41 54.96 51.69 54.83 25.43 31.55 28.49 31.43 8.12 10.46 9.29 10.41 12.57 18.64 15.61 18.52 0.29 0.53 0.41 0.525 8. AAQ8 48.98 55.41 52.20 55.28 27.81 31.63 29.72 31.55 7.87 10.29 9.08 10.24 15.38 21.22 18.30 21.10 0.33 0.56 0.45 0.555 9. AAQ9 51.22 62.36 56.79 62.14 28.36 31.74 30.05 31.67 9.74 13.25 11.50 13.18 16.41 21.68 19.05 21.57 0.35 0.54 0.45 0.536

Source: CEMC Laboratories ( December 2019 to February 2020 )

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 21 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fig. 3 . 7 (a) : Chart Showing Concentration of PM 10 at various locations.

Fig. 3. 7 (b) : Chart Showing Concentration of PM 2.5 at various locations.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 22 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fig. 3. 7 (c ): Chart Showing Concentration of SO 2 at various locations.

Fig. 3. 7 (d) : Chart Showing Concentration of NOx at various locations.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 23 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fig. 3. 7 (e) : Chart Showing Concentration of CO at various locations.

3 .5.2.1 Analysis and Interpretation

Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) 3 The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM 2.5 were recorded as 25.41 µg/m and 41.56 µg/m 3 respectively. The minimum concentration was recorded at Sargi Village (AAQ 4 ) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Janki Village (AAQ 1 ). All the results are found to be within limit when compared to the standard limit of 60µg/m 3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.

Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) 3 The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM 10 were recorded 47.12 µg/m and 62.36 µg/m 3 respectively. The minimum concentration was recorded at Sargi Village (AAQ4 ) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Salna (AAQ 9 ). All the results are found to be within limit when compared to the standard limit of 100µg/m 3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO X ) The Minimum concentration was recorded as 7.34 µg/m 3 and Maximum concentration was reco rded as 16.86 µg/m 3 . All results are found to be below the range as compared to standard limit of 80µg/m 3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 24 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO X ) The Minimum concentration w as recorded as 12.57 µg/m 3 and Maximum concentrations were recorded as 21.68 µg/m 3 . All stations results are found to be below the range as compared to standard limit of 80 µg/m 3 as per latest NAAQS 2009 .

Carbon Monoxide (CO) The minimum and maximum concentrations for CO were recorded as 0.25 mg/m 3 and 0.56 mg/m 3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Chhanchanberha (AAQ7) . All the results are found to be within limit when compared to the standard limit of 4 mg/m 3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.

3.6 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise can be defined as any sound that is undesirable because it interferes with speech and hearing, and is intense enough to damage hearing or is otherwise annoying. Noise impacts can be of concern during construction and operational phases of the project. Factors those are important in determining noise levels include distance from the noise source, natural or manmade barriers between the source and the receptors, whether conditions, etc

3 .6.1 Noise monitoring locations An assessment of baseline noise quality was undertaken to (a) establish the status of exposure of the major sensitive receptors, and (b) to identify the noise pollution levels in and around the site. The noise monitoring was done following CP CB protocol of Noise Monitoring . The details of the Noise level moni toring locations h ave been presented in Table 3 . 1 1 .

Table 3 . 1 1 : Noise level Monitoring Locations Sl. Locations Monitoring Location Type No. 1. N1 Janki Village Residential 2. N2 Sirri Village Residential 3. N3 Umarda Village Residential 4. N4 Sargi Village Residential 5. N5 Palwari Village Residential 6. N6 Sarkra Village Residential 7. N7 Salhetola Village Residential 8. N8 Bangabari Village Residential 9. N9 Salna Village Residential

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 25 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fi g. 3 . 8 : Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations Map

3 .6.2 Noise Monitoring along the study area An analysis of the different Leq data obtained during the study period ( December 2019 to February 2020 ) has been made. Variation was noted during the day - time as well as night - time; n oise monitoring was conducted at nine locations along the proposed project. The details of the ambient noise quality along the propos ed project locations have been presented in Table 3 . 1 2 . The chart showing the noise level along the proposed project locations has been shown in Fig. 3 . 9 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 26 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 3 . 1 2 : Ambient Noise Quality along the proposed project Location Results CPCB Limits Leq dB(A) Leq Day Leq Night Day* Night* dB(A) dB(A) N1 50.2 34.6 55 45 N2 49.8 34.2 55 45 N3 50.1 33.7 55 45 N4 49.9 32.1 55 45 N5 47.3 31.8 55 45 N6 47.8 31.6 55 45 N7 48.1 30.2 55 45 N8 48.5 31.0 55 45 N9 49.2 33.7 55 45

30 Results Leq Day dB(A) Results Leq Night dB(A) 20

0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9

Fi g. 3 . 9 : Noise level along the proposed project location

3 .6.2.1 Analysis and Discussion Day time Noise Levels (Lday) The day time noise levels at all the locations ranged from 47.3 dB (A) to 50.4 with the minimum recorded at Palwari and the maximum at Janki . Night time Noise Levels (Lnight) The night time noise levels ran ged from 30. 2 dB (A) to 33.7 dB (A), with the minimum value recorded at Salhetola Village and the maximum at S alna .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 27 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3.7 WATER ENVIRONMENT

3.7.1 Water Bodieswithin proposed RoW There are 0 8 ponds and 28 rivers/nalah /canal/local stream/Seasonal stream which are falling within the proposed RoW of alignment . The details of the water bodiespresent within the RoW of proposed alignment and which may be affected have been presented in Table 3 . 13 . The details of water Bodies within proposed RoW marked on SOI Toposheet have been shown in Annexure II .

Table 3 . 1 3 : Details of water bodies within the RoW

Sl. No. Type Chainage(Km) Village Tahsil District 1 Canal 0+525 Jhanki Abhanpur Raipur 2 Canal 0+821 Mudapuroraf Abhanpur Raipur Bhelwadih 3 Local stream 3+040 Urla Abhanpur Raipur 4 Pond (revenue) 5+760 Nayak bandha Abhanpur Raipur 5 Canal 7+590 Nayak bandha Abhanpur Raipur 6 Local stream 9+159 Tokro Abhanpur Raipur 7 Canal 17+562 Chinvari Kurud Dhamtari 8 Local stream 19+578 Chinvari Kurud Dhamtari 9 Canal 21+501 Sibanikala Kurud Dhamtari 10 Local stream 22+900 Paraswani Kurud Dhamtari 11 Pond 26+804 Kurud Kurud Dhamtari 12 Pond 29+574 Nawagaon Kurud Dhamtari 13 Canal 29+962 Umarda Kurud Dhamtari 14 Mahanadi 40+080 Barna Dhamtari Dhamtari River 15 Canal 42+850 Sargi Magerlod Dhamtari 16 Local stream 45+998 Kewaradih Magerlod Dhamtari 17 Local stream 48+243 Reserve Forest Dhamtari 18 Seasonal 56+774 Protected Forest Dhamtari stream 19 Seasonal 60+626 Protected Forest Dhamtari stream 20 Seasonal 65+725 Protected Forest Dhamtari stream 21 Local stream 69+013 Bedhwapathra Nagri Dhamtari 22 Pond 76+484 GhotgaonKongera reserve Dhamtari

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 28 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Sl. No. Type Chainage(Km) Village Tahsil District Forest 23 Seasonal 78+164 Dompadar Nagri Dhamtari stream 24 Pond 82+520 Mandradarha Naraharpur Kanker 25 Canal 88+104 Samtara Naraharpur Kanker 26 Canal 88+933 Samtara Naraharpur Kanker 27 Seasonal 89+481 Dhanora Naraharpur Kanker stream 28 Nallah/ Canal 89+858 Dhanora Naraharpur Kanker 29 Canal 90+037 Dhanora Naraharpur Kanker 30 Pond 90+130 Dhanora Naraharpur Kanker 31 Local stream 92+369 Bhimadihi Naraharpur Kanker 32 Pond 93+740 Nayapara Naraharpur Kanker 33 Seasonal 97+586 Mawlipara Naraharpur Kanker stream 34 Pond 102+950 Basanwahi Naraharpur Kanker 35 Local stream 103+347 Basanwahi Naraharpur Kanker 36 Local stream 123+321 Palna Baderajpur Kondagaon

3.7.2 Hydrogeology for the study area

3.7.2.1 Hydrogeology The project area is composed of geologically ancient rocks of diverse origin, most of which have undergone much crushing and metamorphism. The archean rocks are predominantly granitic, and the granites and gneisses belonging to the crystaline complex have originated through different process of granite intrusion, regional metamorphism etc. are different organic cycle .

Gunderdehi Formation : - It is observed in the Northern part ofDhamtari district. It is about 10 percent of total geological area . Soft rocks are main rocks of Gunderhi formation. It is because here the height of absolute relief is less than 400m

Charmuria Formation: It is observed just below of the northern part and above the Chandrapur group of the Dhamtari district. It covers about 15 percen t of total geological area . It is because the height of the absolute relief here is between 400m and 500m

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 29 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Chandrapur Group: It is obsered in the central portion of the Dhamtari district but south of Charm uri a formation. It cover about 15 percent of total geological area. The hardness of the rocks of the Chandrapur group is moderate in nature.

Dongargarh Granite: It is observed in the southern portion of the Dhamtari district. It is about 60 percent of total geological area. Source: Central Ground Water B oard

 Depth of Water Level The pre - monsoon ground water level in the project area varies from 1.72 to 10.92 mbgl with an average value of 6.84 mbgl and the postmonsoon water level varies from 0.71 to 5.29 mbgl with an average of 2.78 mbgl. The water level trend (for 10 years) for pre - monsoon and post - monsoon period has been analyzed and show significant change. The long term water level trend in pre - monsoon period shows significant fall (0.10 to 0.20m/year) in 6.6% of the wells in the project area. Th e water level trend in post - monsoon period shows significant fall in 13.3% of the wells in the project area . The depth to water level map of pre – monsoon and post monsoon, 2011 of Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts hav been shown from Fig 3 . 1 1 (a) . to Figure 3 . 11 ( h ) .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 30 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Source: CGWB Fig. 3 . 1 1 (a) : Depth of Water Level - Pre Monsoon of Raipur district

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 31 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Source: CGWB Fig . 3 . 11 (b) : Depth of Water Level - Post Monsoon of Raipur district

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 32 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Source: CGWB Fig. 3. 11 (c): Depth of Water Level - Pre Monsoon of Dhamtari district

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 33 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Source: CGWB Fig. 3. 11 (d): Depth of Water Level - Post Monsoon of Dhamtari district

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 34 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Source: CGWB Fig. 3. 11 (e): Depth of Water Level - Pre Monsoon of Kanker district

Source: CGWB Fig. 3. 11 (f): Depth of Water Level - Post Monsoon of Kanker district

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 35 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Source: CGWB Fig3. 11 (g): Depth of Water Level - Pre Monsoon of Kondagaon district

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 36 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Source: CGWB Fig. 3. 11 (h): Depth of Water Level - Post Monsoon of Kondagaon district

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 37 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 k m) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Drainage There are eleven principal rivers traversing the entire state that can be grouped under eight major river basins within the state, whereas the Mahanadi , river basin. Most of the major rivers flow in easterly and southeasterly direction with gentle gradient . Generally the rivers are effluent in nature. In general the drainage pattern is of both dendritic and radial types

3 .7.3 Water quality along the project Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within 10 km radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the project activity. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The purpose of this study is to:  Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; and  Predict the impact of water quality due to project activities

3 .7. 3 .1 Water Sampling Locations The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources . Water quality is a concern for the numerous surface groundwater sources. 08 ground water samples and 0 6 surface water samples have been collected from sources present along the proposed project to ascertain the baseline conditions of water quality.The lo cations of the Water sampl ing have been presented in T able 3 . 1 3 and Fig. 3 . 12. Table 3 . 1 3 : Details of water sampling locations Sl. No. Monitoring Location Name of Monitoring Location Ground water 1. GW1 Borewell Near Urla 2. GW2 Borewell Near Karga 3. GW3 Tubewell Near Bangar 4. GW4 Borewell Near Arjun i 5. GW5 Borewell Near Saheltola 6.. GW6 Tubewell Near Musurputta 7. GW7 Borewell Near Kalari 8. GW8 Borewell Near Marangpuri Surface water 1 SW1 Mahanadi River 2 SW2 Sendur Nadi 3 SW3 Kuleri Nadi

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 38 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fig. 3 . 12 : Location Map Showing Water sampling locations

3 .7. 3 .2 Ground Water Quality along the Study Area There were many ground water sources such as tube wells/ bore well that exist s along the project area. 0 8 samplin g locations were identified along the proposed National Highway to assess the ground water quality . All physical and general parameters were compared with the desirable limit and permissible limits as per IS10500:2012. The ground water quality along the proposed project locations were ana lyzed and have been presented in Table 3 . 1 4 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 39 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state o f Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 3 . 1 4 : Ground Water Quality along the proposed project location s S. Parameter Units Limit (as Limit (as No. per per IS:10500) IS:10500) GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 Desirable Permissible Limit Limit 1 pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 No 7.32 7.45 7.51 7.39 7.44 7.56 7.23 7.49 Relaxation 2 Colour Hazen 5 15 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 3 Odour -- Agreeabl Agreeable AL AL AL AL AL AL AL AL e 4 Conductivity @ µS/cm - - 1136 1178 1125 1198 1212 1232 1178 1207 25 0 C 5 Sulphate (SO4) mg/l 200 400 77.22 79.6 78.7 78.9 79.1 78.73 77.96 79.03 3 4 6 2 6 Nitrate (NO3) mg/l 45 No 11.36 10.9 11.1 10.7 11.2 10.36 12.63 10.56 Relaxation 8 9 4 2 7 Total Hardness mg/l 200 600 181 179 176 182 174 183 178 180 (as CaCO 3 ) 8 Chloride(as Cl) mg/l 250 1000 171.2 170. 172. 171. 170. 168.7 169.3 171.1 9 4 8 3 9 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 1 1.5 0.61 0.59 0.63 0.6 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.63 10 Total Dissolved mg/l 500 2000 817.2 818. 826. 831. 834. 819.9 827.0 833.6 Solid (TDS) 6 1 9 7 11 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 75 200 50.78 50.2 49.3 51.0 48.8 51.34 49.94 50.50 2 8 6 2 12 Magnesium (as mg/l 30 100 13.19 13.0 12.8 13.2 12.6 13.34 12.98 13.12 Mg) 5 3 7 8 13 Sodium (as Na) mg/l - - 139 141 144 139 142 147 143 143 14 Potassium (as K) mg/l - - 3.9 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.6 3.9 15 Alkalinity (as mg/l 200 600 381 379 384 393 397 376 389 392 CaCO 3 ) 16 Phosphate (as P) mg/l - - <0.05 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 5 5 5 5 17 Total Suspended mg/l - - <5.0 < 5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Solid (TSS) 18 Arsenic (as As) mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 1 1 1 1 19 Chromium (as mg/l 0.05 No <0.05 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Cr) Relaxation 5 5 5 5 20 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 No 0.131 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.147 0.139 0.146 Relaxation 6 2 9 5 21 Mercury (as Hg ) mg/l 0.001 No <0.00 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Relaxation 1 01 01 01 01 22 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 15 0.186 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.164 0.177 0.187 5 5 9 9 23 Faecal Coliform MPN/ Shall not be detected in Absen Abse Abse Abse Abse Absent Absent Absent 100 ml 100 ml sample t nt nt nt nt 24 Total Coliform MPN/ Shall not be detected in Absen Abse Abse Abse Abse Absent Absent Absent 100 ml 100 ml sample t nt nt nt nt Source: CEMC Laboratories

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 40 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

3 .7.3 .2.1 Analysis and Discussion  P H of the monitored samples was found in the range of 7.32 - 7.56 .  TDS analysis was also carried out for ground water sample and it was found in the range of 817.2 - 833.6 mg/L.  TSS was found <0.01 mg/L.  Total Hardness ranges from 174 - 183 mg/L with maximum in the water sample of Musurputt village and minimum in Salhetola village .  Heavy metal analysis was also carried out and the Iron conten t was found in the range of 0.164 - 0.189 mg/L . Based on test result data comparison study, it is interpreted that all results are withinPermissible limit of study area . This water should be directly used in drinking purpose.

3.7.3.3 Surface Water Quality along the study area 0 3 sampling locations for the surface water quality w as selected and monitored along the proposed project. The result of the surface water quality along the proposedproject locations were analysed and have been presented in Table 3 . 1 5 which revealed that the water quality of the surface water are well within the limits.

Table3 . 1 5 : Surface Water Quality along the proposed project locations

Max. Tolerance Sl. Test Parameters Unit Limit as per SW1 SW2 SW3 No. IS 2296 : Class C 1 Colour, Max. Hazen 300 89 85 87 2 pH Value @ 25ºC -- 6.5 to 8.5 8.56 8.32 8.21 3 Iron as Fe, Max. mg/l 0.5 0.39 0.33 0.35 4 Chloride as Cl, Max. mg/l 600 27.2 26.4 25.9 5 Dissolved Solids, Max. mg/l 1500 262.7 256.4 258.7 6 Dissolved Oxygen, Min. mg/l 4 6.7 6.3 6.1 BOD for 3 days@ 27 0 C , 3 7 mg/l 2.9 2.5 2.3 Max. 8 Oil & Grease, Max. mg/l 0.1 ND ND ND 9 Copper as Cu, Max. mg/l 1.5 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03

10 Sulphate as SO 4 , Max. mg/l 400 8.3 7.4 7.6

11 Nitrate as NO 3 , Max. mg/l 50 5.1 4.6 4.8 12 Fluoride as F, Max. mg/l 1.5 0.14 0.14 0.14 13 Anionic detergent mg/l 1 ND ND ND 14 Cadmium as Cd, Max. mg/l 0.01 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 41 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

15 Selenium as Se, Max. mg/l 0.05 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 16 Arsenic as As, Max. mg/l 0.2 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 17 Cyanide as CN, Max. mg/l 0.05 ND ND ND Phenolic compound as 0.005 18 mg/l ND ND ND C 6 H 5 OH, Max. 19 Lead as Pb, Max. mg/l 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 20 Zinc as Zn, Max. mg/l 15 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Hexavalent Chromium as 0.05 21 +6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Cr , Max. 22 Total Coliform, Max. MPN/l00ml 5000 254 248 242 23 Faecal Coliform MPN/l00ml -- 31 21 26 Source: CEMC Laboratories NB: ND - Not Detectable, MPN - Most Probable Number

3.7.3.3.1 Analysis and Discussion  PH of the monitored samples was found in the range of 8.21 - 8.56 .  TDS analysis was also carried out for surface water sample and it was found in the range of 256.4 - 262.7 mg/L.  DO of the monitored samples was found in the range of 6.1 - 6.7 mg/L . Based on test result data comparison study, it is interpreted that all results are within Permissible limit of study area.

3.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The proposed National Highway is entirely green field pro ject and proposed for six lane from from Jhanki vi llage in Raipur District to Marangpuri in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh from Ch 0.000 - Ch 124.661 . Proposed National Highway traverses from 21°05'18.85" N 81°45'01.40" E to 20°01'44.59" N 81° 51'58.13" E . The project lies in four districts of Chhattisgarh viz. Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Ko ndagaon . The State has reported extent of recorded forest area (RFA) 59,772 sq km which is 44.21% of its geographical area. The reserved, protected and unclassed forests are 43.14% and 40.21% and 16.65% of the recorded forest area in the State respectively. However, as the digitized boundary of RFA from the state covers 52,579.93 sq km . ( Chhattisgarh State of Forest Report 201 9 ) . The proposed project is passing through the forest Block in Dhamtari, Kanker & K o ndagaon district. Hence, about 228.0425 ha of forest land is required. The forest diversion is under process . There are 0 4, 01 and 02 Reserved Forests falling along the alignment in Dhamtari district , Kanker district and Ko ndagaon district respectively . Th ere are 06, 04 and 01

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 42 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Protected Forests falling along the alignment in Dhamtari district, Kanker district and Kondagaon district respectively. The forest cover map of Chhattisgarh showing the project ar ea has been shown in Fig. 3 . 12 .

Source: India State of Forest Report, 201 9 Fig. 3 . 1 3 : Forest cover map of Chhattisgarh showing the various districts and the proposed project

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 43 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

3.8.1 Ecology and Biodiversity Study The ecological status of the study area has been assessed based on the following methodology:  Primary field surveys to establish primary baseline data of the study area.  Consultation with Divisional Forest Offices of the area, and  Compilation of information available in published literatures & as obtained from Divisional Forest Offices, Botanical Survey of India (BSI) and Zoological Survey of India (ZSI).The floral and faunal studies were carried out in different sites representing the entire study area of 1 km radius around the project area. Detai ls regarding the assessment of flora and fauna of the study are presented below.

3.8.2 F lora /Vegetation Study The study of vegetation was aimed at enumeration of the available plant resources and obtaining a broad representation of the existing floristic varia tions within the study area. Enumeration of the plant wealth was done by surveying the area through walking along the gradients followed by collection & identification of plant specimens during the winter periods. Phyto - sociological aspects of the study we re carried out by sampling through quadrates method. Sample plots were selected in such a way to get maximum representation of different types of vegetation and plots were laid out in different parts of the areas within the project area as well as the buff er zone of the project area .

3.8.3 Bio - diversity Study

3 .8.3.1 Objectives In order to understand the composition of the vegetation, most of the plant species were identified in the field itself whereas the species that could not be identified a herbarium specimen was collected along with their photographs for identification later with the help of available published literature and floras of the region .

3 .8.3.2 Methodology Community analysis was carried out during post monsoon season. In every study sites, 10 quadrates of 10m X 10m (100 sq.m.) size were randomly laid to study tree species. The circumference of all the adult individuals [( ≥30 cm circumference at breast height (CBH)] was measured with Freeman’s tape. All individuals were enumerated and measured by species for each 10 m x 10 m quadrates, the number of species and density were recorded. The study of communities was carried out by using qualitative characteristics and quantitative characteristics. Qualitative characteristic mainly involved presence/absence of the species, genera and family. This showed the community structures, composition and other characteristic can be readily described by visual observation with out actual measurements. The quantitative analysis involved the structure

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 44 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

and composition of vegetation across vegetation types and compared in terms of frequency, density, abundance and basal area of tree species .

The various ecosystems, vegetation, comm unities, faunal habitats prevalent in the study area were identified though Quadrate method. Random Sampling Technique was adopted to know distribution pattern of the plant species and faunal characteristics both in core and buffer zone. All the plant spec ies in a quadrate of 10m x 10m size at an interval of 1km from the centre of the Project Site in all four directions were recorded. Thus randomly distributed quadrates were laid for ecological assessment. The detailed species characteristics like frequency , abundance & density were computed .

Frequency: Frequency is the number of sampling units (as %) in which the particular species occur. This is equal to the total number of sample plots (quadrate) examined in which species occurs divided by total numbe r of quadrate studied. It is expressed in percentage of the total number of samples.

Number of quadrates of occurrence Frequency (F) = X 100 Total number of quadrates studied

The degree of dispersion of individual species in a n area in relation to the number of all the species occurred. Number of occurrence of a species Relative Frequency (RF) = X 100 Total number of occurrence of all species It reflects the probability of encountering the species within the sampled area.

Density: Density represents the numerical strength of the community. It is the number of individuals of the species in a unit area. This is equal to the total number of individuals of a species in all the sample plots, divided by the total number of sample plots (quadrate) studied.

Total number of individuals of a species Density (D) = Total area of quadrates studied in m 2

Relative d ensity is the study of numerical strength of a species in relation to the total number of individuals of all the species and can be calculated as:

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 45 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Number of individuals of a species Relative Density (RD) = X 100 Total number of individuals of all species

Cover & Basal Area: Cover implies the area covered or occupied by the leaves, stems & flowers, as viewed from the top. Canopy cover is usually defined as the area occupied by the aerial parts of a species in perpendicular projection and is expressed as percentage of total cover. The coverage is studied at the canopy level and at the basal region.

Basal area refers to the ground actually penetrated by the stems and is readily s een when the leaves and stem re clipped at the ground surface. It is one of the main characters to determine dominance. Total Basal Area of a species Dominance = Total Area of the Samples

Dominance (Cover) of a species Relative Do minance (Cover) = X 100 (RDo) Total dominance (Cover) of all species

The total basal area was calculated from the sum of the total diameter of immerging stems. In trees, poles and saplings, the basal area was measured at breast height (1.5m) and by using the formula πr2.

Abundance: It reflects how evenly one species is distributed within the sampling area. Abundance of a species is defined as the number of individuals per quadrant and calculated as follows:

Total no. of individual of the species Abundance = No. of quadrants in which the species occurred

Important Value Index (IVI): Important Value Index (IVI) of a species in a community gives an idea of the relative importance. It is obtained by adding the value of Relative Density (RD), Relative Dominance (RDo) and Relative Frequency (RF). The total value out of 300 is called Important Value Index of the species.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 46 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Importance Value Index (IVI) = RD + RF + RDo

The forest communities were identified on the basis of IVI values of trees. The single tree species representing >50% of the total IVI was designated as a single species dominated community, whereas two or more species contributing 5 0 or >50% of the total IVI were named as a mixed community

3 .8.3.3 Species diversity and species Evenness index: Species diversity and species evenness index is calculated by using the Shannon - Wiener Diversity Index formula and Evenness Index formula, res pectively. Shannon - Wiener Diversity Index (H) = - Σ pi ln (pi) Where, pi is the proportion of total number of species made up of the ith species. Evenness index (E): H/ ln S Where, H is Shannon - Wiener Diversity Index of general diversity and S is number of species. The list of flora recorded in the study area has been presented in Table 3 . 1 6 (a) & 3. 16 (b) . Table 3 . 1 6 (a) : List of Flora recorded in the study area ( Raipur ) Tree Common Name Botanical Name Family Rinjha Acacia leucophloea Leguminosae Babool Acacia nilotica Leguminosae Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Safed siris Albiziaprocera Leguminosae Neem Azadirachtaindica Meliaceae Amaltas Cassia fistula Leguminosae Kharhar Catunaregamspinosa Rubiaceae Dhoban Dalbergialanceolaria Leguminosae Tendu Diospyrosmelanoxylon Ebenaceae Senjha Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae Karanj Pongamiapinnata Leguminosae Dataranga Ehretialaevis Boraginaceae Bad Ficusbenghalensis Moraceae Kaitha Limoniaacidissima Groff Rutaceae Mahua Madhucaindica Sapotaceae Aam Mangiferaindica Anacardiaceae Jamun Syzygiumcumini Myrtaceae Imli Tamarindusindica Leguminosae Kurlu Firmiana simplex Malvaceae

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 47 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Behera Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae Harra Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Saj Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae Bija Pterocarpus marsupium Leguminosae Shrub Van masuri Antidesmaghaesembilla Euphorbiaceae Aak Calotropisprocera Asclepiadaceae Karonda Carissa opaca Apocynanceae Tinpatia Desmodiumgangeticum Leguminosae Van tulsi Eranthemumpurpurascens Acanthaceae Chirenta Andrographispaniculata Acanthaceae Khatua Antidesmadiandrum Euphorbiaceae Ail Acacia pinnata Leguminosae Arandi Ricinuscommunis Euphorbiaceae Bhatkataiya Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae Mohti Acilepisdivergens Asteraceae Sitaphal Annona squamosal Annonaceae Satawari Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Charota Cassia auriculata Leguminosae Gudsakari Grewiahirsutavahl Tiliaceae Khursi Grewiarithii Malvaceae Baibidang Embeliarobusta Myrsinaceae Herb Gokharu Acanthospermumhispidum Zygophyllaceae Pila Dhotra Argemonemexicana Papaveraceae Chirota Cassia tora Leguminosae Kali musili CurculigoorchioidesGaerth Hypoxidaceae Van tulsi Ocimumbasilicum Lamiaceae Grassess Rusha Cymbopogon martini Poaceae Doob Cynodondactylon Poaceae Kush Desmostachyabipinnata Poaceae Chotimarbel Dichantiumannulatum Poaceae Pandur Eleusinaindica Poaceae Chhotibhurbhuri Eragrostisinterrupta Poaceae Bagai Eulaiopsisbinata Poaceae Chhir Imperatacylindrica Poaceae Panga Panicumrepens Poaceae

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 48 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Moya Pennisetumhohenackeri Poaceae Urai Chrysopogonzizanioides Poaceae Bans Dendrocalamusstrictus Poaceae Bhurbusi Eragrostistenella Poaceae Kushal Heteropogoncontortus Poaceae Kans Saccharumspontaneum Poaceae Dekhana Themedaarundinaceae Poaceae Jhani Aristidasetacea Poaceae Barru Arundodonax Poaceae

Table 3. 1 6 (b): List of Flora recorded in the study area ( Dhamtari ) Tree Local Name Scientific Name Family Safed siris Albizia procera Leguminosae Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Amaltas Cassia fistula Leguminosae Kharhar Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae Nilgiri Eucalyptus sp. Myrtaceae Kakai Flacourtia indica Bixaceae Babool Acacia nilotica Leguminosae Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Aonla Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae Karanj Pongamia pinnata Leguminosae Kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Sagaun Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Nirgundi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Kala siris Albizia lebbeck Leguminosae Dhawa Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae Kachnar Bauhinia variegata Leguminosae Semal Bombax ceiba Malvaceae Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Kasai Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae Dahiman Cordia macleodii Boraginaceae Lasora Cordia myxa Boraginaceae Kaitha Limonia acidissima Groff Rutaceae Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae Roli Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Aam Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 49 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Sal Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Imli Tamarindus indica Leguminosae Shrub Aak Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Karonda Carissa opaca Apocynanceae Tinpatia Desmodium gangeticum Leguminosae Van tulsi Eranthemum purpurascens Acanthaceae Van masuri Antidesma ghaesembilla Euphorbiaceae Raimuniya Lantana carcus Varbenaceae Arandi Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Bhatkataiya Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae Birhalu Indigofera tinctoria Leguminosae Adusa Justicia adhatoda Acanthaceae Chirchita Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Mohti Acilepis divergens Asteraceae Herb Gokharu Acanthospermum hispidum Zygophyllaceae Pila Dhotra Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Chirota Cassia tora Leguminosae Kali musili Curculigo orchioides Gaerth Hypoxidaceae Van tulsi Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae Sharpunkha Tephrosia purpurea Papallionaceae Grasses Kush Desmostachya bipinnata Poaceae Choti marbel Dichantium annulatum Poaceae Pandur Eleusina indica Poaceae Chhoti bhurbhuri Eragrostis interrupta Poaceae Doob Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Bagai Eulaiopsis binata Poaceae Chhir Imperata cylindrica Poaceae Panga Panicum repens Poaceae Bans Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Bhurbusi Eragrostis tenella Poaceae Kushal Heteropogon contortus Poaceae Kans Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae Dekhana Themeda arundinaceae Poaceae

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 50 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Table 3. 16 (c): List of Flora recorded in the study area (Kanker) TREE Local Name Scientific Name Family Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Amaltas Cassia fistula Leguminosae Kharhar Catunaregam spinose Rubiaceae Dhoban Dalbergia lanceolaria Leguminosae Shisham Dalbergia latifolia Leguminosae Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Aonla Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae Karanj Pongamia pinnata Leguminosae Kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Sagaun Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Kala siris Albizia lebbeck Leguminosae Dhawa Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Kasai Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae Lasora Cordia myxa Boraginaceae Kalla Dillenia pentagyna Dilieniaceae Dataranga Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae Hadua Erythrina indica Leguminosae Baranga Kydia calycina Malvaceae Kaitha Limonia acidissima Groff Rutaceae Roli Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Aam Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Kari Miliusa tomentosa Annonaceae Sal Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Jamun Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Imli Tamarindus indica Leguminosae Tilwan Wendlandia exserta Rubiaceae Shrub Karonda Carissa opaca Apocynanceae Tinpatia Desmodium gangeticum Leguminosae Van tulsi Eranthemum purpurascens Acanthaceae Ratanjot Jatropha carcus Euphorbiaceae Raimuniya Lantana carcus Varbenaceae Arandi Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Bhatkataiya Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 51 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Birhalu Indigofera tinctoria Leguminosae Khursi Grewia rithii Malvaceae Seharua Nyctanthes arbor - tristis Oleaceae Chhindi Phoenix acaulis Palmae Gokharu Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae Chirenta Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae Herb Sharpunkha Tephrosia purpurea Papallionaceae Gokharu Acanthospermum hispidum Zygophyllaceae Pila Dhotra Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Kali musili Curculigo orchioides Gaerth Hypoxidaceae Van tulsi Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae Grasses Rusha Cymbopogon martini Poaceae Doob Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Kush Desmostachya bipinnata Poaceae Choti marbel Dichantium annulatum Poaceae Pandur Eleusina indica Poaceae Chhoti bhurbhuri Eragrostis interrupta Poaceae Panga Panicum repens Poaceae Moya Pennisetum hohenackeri Poaceae Gunher Themeda quadrivalvis Poaceae Bans Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Bhurbusi Eragrostis tenella Poaceae Kushal Heteropogon contortus Poaceae Kans Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae

Table 3. 16 (d): List of Flora recorded in the study area (Kondagaon) Tree LOCAL NAME BOTANICAL NAME FAMILY Sagaun Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Koha Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Nirgundi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Dudhi Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae Ber Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Shisham Dalbergia latifolia Leguminosae Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Jamrasi Elaeodendron glaucum Ceiastraceae

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 52 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Nilgiri Eucalyptus sp. Myrtaceae Kakai Flacourtia indica Bixaceae Senjha Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae Jhingan Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simarubiaceae Safed siris Albizia procera Leguminosae Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Amaltas Cassia fistula Leguminosae Karanj Pongamia pinnata Leguminosae Kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Rinjha Acacia leucophloea Leguminosae Babool Acacia nilotica Leguminosae Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Sal Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Bhains Padar Stereospermum personatum Bignoniaceae Jamun Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Imli Tamarindus indica Leguminosae Shrub Van masuri Antidesma ghaesembilla Euphorbiaceae Aak Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Karonda Carissa opaca Apocynanceae Tinpatia Desmodium gangeticum Leguminosae Van tulsi Eranthemum purpurascens Acanthaceae Ratanjot Jatropha carcus Euphorbiaceae Raimuniya Lantana carcus Varbenaceae Arandi Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Bhatkataiya Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae Sitaphal Annona squamosa Annonaceae Satawari Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Gohrani Millettia ectensa Leguminosae Seharua Nyctanthes arbor - tristis Oleaceae Chhindi Phoenix acaulis Palmae Dhawai Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae Koreya Holarrhena antidysenterica Apocynanceae Herb Van tulsi Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae Sharpunkha Tephrosia purpurea Papallionaceae Gokharu Acanthospermum hispidum Zygophyllaceae

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 53 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Pila Dhotra Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Chirota Cassia tora Leguminosae Kali musili Curculigo orchioides Gaerth Hypoxidaceae Grasses Bagai Eulaiopsis binate Poaceae Chhir Imperata cylindrical Poaceae Panga Panicum repens Poaceae Moya Pennisetum hohenackeri Poaceae Rusha Cymbopogon martini Poaceae Doob Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Kush Desmostachya bipinnata Poaceae Urai Chrysopogon zizanioides Poaceae Bans Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Bhurbusi Eragrostis tenella Poaceae Kushal Heteropogon contortus Poaceae Jhani Aristida setacea Poaceae Barru Arundo donax Poaceae Munj Saccharum bengalense Poaceae

3 .8.3.4 Faunal Diversity Assessment Finding the presence of mammals, Reptiles and Birds by using conventional methods like transect walk or plot search during the day. Mostly trails were used to survey the wild animals in the study area. The survey of wild animals conducted by using 10x50 prismatic field binocular and hand held GPS 72 in different habitat. The presence of wildlife was also confirmed from the local inhabitants depending on the anim al sightings and the frequency of their visits in the catchment and study area. In addition to these, secondary sources mainly literature was also referred for preparing checklists and other analysis in the study of animals in the region . The methodology f ollowed for the current survey is as follows: 1. Direct sighting and indirect evidences such as calls, signs and trophies of mammals were recorded along the survey routes taking aid from Prater (1980). 2. Interviews of local villagers for the presence and relative abundance of various animal species within each locality. 3. Data collection on habitat condition, animal presence by direct sighting and indirect evidences. 4. Checklist of birds was prepared based upon Ali & Ripley (1983) and Flaming et al. (1984) wer e used as field guides for the birds. In the survey stretches also recorded other animal evidences and general composition of the habitats.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 54 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

3 .8.3.4.1 Mammals & Reptiles : Domesticated animals mainly constitute the faunal population within the project area. The forest department has reported the presence of some wild & endangered animals in the nearby forest areas, however no such species were recorded during the site reconn aissance and survey. A list of wild mammals has been prepared by the help of secondary literature and consultation with villagers provided in Table 3 . 1 7 . Table 3 . 17 (a) : List of Mammals & Reptiles (Raipur) Mammals Common name English Name Scientific name Musa Rat Bandicotabengalensis Gunduchi Musa Squirrel Funambuluspalmarum Thekua Rabbit Lepus nigricollis Lomdi Fox Vulpesbengalensis Bana Biradi Wild cat Felischaus Hanuman bandar Langur Semnopithecus entellus Harina Deer Axis axis Reptiles Rona Common Krait Bungaruscaeruleus Endua Lizard Calotes versicolor ChandanBoda Russell’s viper Daboia russelli Jitipiti Lizard Hemidactylusflaviviridis Gokhara Cobra Najanaja Dhamana Ratsnake Ptyas mucosa

Table 3 . 1 7 (b): List of Mammals & Reptiles (Dhamtari) Mammals Name of the species English name Scientific name Musa Rat Rattus rattus Hanuman bandar Langur Semnopithecus entellus Barha Boar Sus scrofa Harina Deer Axis axis Musa Rat Bandicota bengalensis Gidar Golden jakel Canis aureus Bana Biradi Wild cat Felis chaus Gunduchi Musa Squirrel Funambulus palmarum Neula Bada Wild boar Herpestes edwardis Thekua Rabbit Lepus nigricollis Reptiles Jitipiti Squirrel Hemidactylus flaviviridis

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 55 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Gokhara Cobra Naja naja Dhamana Indian rat cat Ptyas mucosa Rona Common krait Bungarus caeruleus Endua Garden lizard Calotes versicolor Chandan Boda Russel’s viper Daboia russelli

Table 3. 1 7 (c): List of Mammals & Reptiles (Kanker) Mammal Common name English name Scientific name Neula Bada Wild boar Herpestes edwardis Thekua Rabbit Lepus nigricollis Musa Rat Rattus rattus Hanuman bandar Langur Semnopithecus entellus Barha Boar Sus scrofa Lomdi Fox Vulpes bengalensis Harina Deer Axis axis Gidar Golden jakel Canis aureus Bana Biradi Wild cat Felis chaus Gunduchi Musa Squirrel Funambulus palmarum Reptiles Gokhara Cobra Naja naja Dhamana Indian rat cat Ptyas mucosa Rona Common krait Bungarus caeruleus Endua Garden lizard Calotes versicolor Chandan Boda Russel’ viper Daboia russelli Jitipiti Lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis

Table 3. 1 7 (d): List of Mammals & Reptiles (Kondagaon) Mammals LOCAL NAME ENGLISH NAME LATIN NAME Musa Rat Rattus rattus Hanuman bandar Langur Semnopithecus entellus Barha Boar Sus scrofa Lomdi Fox Vulpes bengalensis Harina Deer Axis axis Gidar Golden jakel Canis aureus Bana Biradi Wild cat Felis chaus Gunduchi Musa Aquirrel Funambulus palmarum

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 56 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Neula Bada Wild boar Herpestes edwardis Thekua Rabbit Lepus nigricollis REPTILES LOCAL NAME ENGLISH NAME LATIN NAME Jitipiti Lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis Gokhara Cobra Naja naja Dhamana Indian rat snake Ptyas mucosa Rona Common krait Bungarus caeruleus Endua Garden lizard Calotes versicolor

3 .8.3.4.2 Assessment of Fauna To assess the impacts due to industrial activity and evolve suitable mitigation measures for protection and conservation of wildlife & biodiversity, the present status of the same within the proposed project site and in 1 km on either side of the project r oad , the following components were studied: a) Wildlife survey (diversity) b) Habitat study (feeding, breeding, roosting areas) c) Migratory paths of major wildlife species d) Distribution of birds e) Rare & Endangered species of fauna Equipments & materials are used du ring the survey are Global Positioning System (G.P.S.) with an accuracy of ± 10m, Binoculars (8×40 capacity) for good viewing, a compass to guide the route & direction, maps, etc. Both direct and indirect observation methods were used to survey the fauna i n the study area. Visual encounter (search) method was employed to record vertebrate species. Since birds may be considered as indicators for monitoring and understanding human impacts on ecological systems (Lawton 1996), an attempt was made to gather data by:

a. Point Survey Method: Observations were made in each site for 15 min duration. b. Road Side Counts : The observer traveled by motor vehicles from site to site and all sightings were recorded. c. Pellet and track Counts : All possible animal tracks and pellets were identified and recorded (South Wood, 1978). Based on the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (WPA, 1972); Anonymous, 1991; Upadhyay, 1995; Chaturvedi and Chaturvedi, 1996) species were short - listed and arranged as per Schedule defined in Wildlife Act, 1972 and subsequent amendments. Species listed in Ghosh (1994) are considered as Indian Red List species. The details of fauna found in the study area (both core and buffer zone) are given in Table 3 . 1 8 below.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 57 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Table 3 . 18 (a) : List of Fauna recorded in the study area (Raipur) Avifauna English name Scientific name Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Little Swift Apus affinis Common Swift Apus Apus Indian Pond - Heron Ardeola grayii Spotted Owlet Athene brama Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Rock Pigeon Columba livia House Crow Corvus splendens Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Eurasian Golden - Oriole Oriolus oriolus Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius House Sparrow Passer domesticus Jungle Bush - Quail Perdicula asiatica Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Plum - headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Red - vented Parakeet Psittacula krameri Red - whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Fish Common name Scientific name Bhakur Catlacatla Chenga Ophiocaphalusgachua Chitla Notopteruschitala Dandkiri Esomusdandrica Gadisa Ophiocaphalus punctatus Illisi Hilsailisa Jalanga Pangasiuspangasius Kantia Myotuscavasius Kerandi Barbusambassis Kou Anabas tistudineus Magura Clariasbatrachus

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 58 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Mirakali Cirrhinamrigala Pabata Lebeobata Phali Callichrousbimaculatus Rohi Notopterusnotopterus Serana Lebeorohita Seula Barbusserana Singi Ophiocephalusstriatus Todi Heterophneustesfossilis

Table 3. 18 (b): List of Fauna recorded in the study area (Dhamtari) Avifauna Common name Scientific Name Rock Pigeon Columba livia House Crow Corvus splendens Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius House Sparrow Passer domesticus Jungle Bush - Quail Perdicula asiatica Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Plum - headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Little Swift Apus affinis Common Swift Apus Apus Indian Pond - Heron Ardeola grayii Spotted Owlet Athene brama Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Fish Common name Scientific name Illisi Hilsa ilisa Jalanga Pangasius pangasius Jallha Chela argentea

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 59 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Kantia Myotus cavasius Kerandi Barbus ambassis Kou Anabas tistudineus Magura Clarias batrachus Mirakali Cirrhina mrigala Mahurali Amblypharyngodon mola Neuli Gobiopterus chuno Pohale Cirrbina reba Pabata Lebeo bata Phali Callichrous bimaculatus Rohi Notopterus notopterus Serana Lebeo rohita Seula Barbus serana

Table 3. 18 (c): List of Fauna recorded in the study area (Kanker) Avifauna Common name Scientific name Spotted Owlet Athene brama Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica Eurasian Golden - Oriole Oriolus oriolus Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius House Sparrow Passer domesticus Jungle Bush - Quail Perdicula asiatica Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Plum - headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Red - vented Parakeet Psittacula krameri Red - whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Brahminy starling Sturnus pagodarum Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 60 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus Fish Common name Scientific name Illisi Hilsa ilisa Jalanga Pangasius pangasius Jallha Chela argentea Kantia Myotus cavasius Kerandi Barbus ambassis Kou Anabas tistudineus Magura Clarias batrachus Mirakali Cirrhina mrigala Mahurali Amblypharyngodon mola Neuli Gobiopterus chuno Pohale Cirrbina reba Banasa pati Ailia coila Bhakur Catla catla Chenga Ophiocaphalus gachua Chitla Notopterus chitala Dandkiri Esomus dandrica Pabata Lebeo bata Phali Callichrous bimaculatus Rohi Notopterus notopterus Serana Lebeo rohita

Table 3. 1 8 (d): List of Fauna recorded in the study area (Kondagaon) Avifauna Common name Scientific name Little Swift Apus affinis Common Swift Apus Apus Indian Pond - Heron Ardeola grayii Spotted Owlet Athene brama Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Rock Pigeon Columba livia House Crow Corvus splendens Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 61 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica Eurasian Golden - Oriole Oriolus oriolus Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius House Sparrow Passer domesticus Jungle Bush - Quail Perdicula asiatica Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Plum - headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Red - vented Parakeet Psittacula krameri Red - whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Brahminy starling Sturnus pagodarum Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops Fish ENGLISH NAME Scientfic Name Banasa pati Ailia coila Bhakur Catla catla Chenga Ophiocaphalus gachua Chitla Notopterus chitala Dandkiri Esomus dandrica Gadisa Ophiocaphalus punctatus Illisi Hilsa ilisa Jalanga Pangasius pangasius Jallha Chela argentea Kantia Myotus cavasius Kerandi Barbus ambassis Kou Anabas tistudineus Magura Clarias batrachus Mirakali Cirrhina mrigala Mahurali Amblypharyngodon mola Neuli Gobiopterus chuno Pohale Cirrbina reba Pabata Lebeo bata Phali Callichrous bimaculatus

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 62 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Rohi Notopterus notopterus Serana Lebeo rohita Seula Barbus serana Singi Ophiocephalus striatus Todi Heterophneustes fossilis

3.8.4 Tree Cutting The proposed alignment is passing mainly through agricultural lands, yet some trees are falling under the proposed alignment. There is approximately 38,433 no s. of trees which needs to be cut. The common trees/species along the alignment were Ashoka , Haldi, Jamun, Coconut , Khejdi , Emli, Mango, Sagwan, Neem, etc. The removal of these trees and the loss of vegetation cover will have some effect on local ecological balance, such as the disruption of habitat for small birds, mammals, etc., that will be forced to migrate to other areas.With the addition of trees and shrubs, following re - forestation, the short term impact of construction is expected to be reversed over the long term.There is no endangered species going to be affected by the project.

3 .9 SOCIO - ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA : This chapter presents a brief note on the socio - economic characteristics of the State of Chhattisgarh and the project influence areas (PIAs) of Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker & Kondagaon districts delineated under specif ic project roads selected for the improvements. The initial assessment has been done for Chhattisgarh portion which starts from the ch 0+000 km to 124.661 km ends near Badrajpur Taluk.

In Chhattisgarh State alignment passes through four Districts Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Bastar. The Alignment Passes through Abhanpur of Raipur district Kurud, Magerload, Dhamtari & Nagri of Dhamtari district, Naraharpur of Kanker District, Bade Rajpur (visrampuri) of Kondagaon District in Chhattisgarh. Total length of t he alignment is 124.661 Km. The Chhattisgarh state starts from ch 0+000 km and ends in ch 124.661 km. In Chhattisgarh state, the alignment follows Urla - 2, Karga, Sirri, SivniKalan, Mendaraka, Sidhaurikhurd, Joratarai, Chiwarri, Maheshpur, Dudhawa, Malgaon, Choria, Khalari, Thema, Tiriyarpani, Laxmikant, Machhali villages & ends near Palana village. The information given in the following sections show the dynamics of the socio - economic characteristics of the state and highlight development potential of the P roject Influence Areas (PIAs). In this 124.661 km length of road, 66 villages which come under 7 number of Tahashil of 4 districts will be affected due to this project. The chapter also presents salient features of different modes of transport operating in the State.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 63 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Chhattisgarh at a glance Chhattisgarh is one of the 29 states of India, located in the centre - east of the country. It is the tenth - largest state in India. Chhattisgarh is the 17 th - most populated state in the country. The district occupies 8t h place in the state according to the population. A resource - rich state, it is a source of electricity and steel for the country, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest - developing states in India. The state was f ormed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning 16 Chhattisgarhi - speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh.

Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the northwest, Maharashtra in the south west, Telangana in the south (Bhupalpally district),O disha in the southeast, Jharkhand in the northeast and Uttar Pradesh in the north. In the north lies the edge of the great Indo - Gangetic plain. The eastern end of the Satpura Range and the western edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau form an east - west belt of hills that divide the Mahanadi River basin from the Indo - Gangetic plain. The key social - economic profile of Chhattisgarh state has been presented in Table 3. 19 below.

Tab le 3. 19 : Key Social - Economic Profile of Chhattisgarh State

Particular Unit Reference Year Administrative 2001 2011 Geographical Area ‘000 km2 135,191 135,191 Revenue Division Number 5 5 Districts Number 27 27 Tehsil Number 149 150 Block Number 146 146 Gram Panchayat Number 10,980 10,980 Inhabited Villages Number 19,567 19,567 Uninhabited Villages Number 559 559 Towns Number 103 182 Demography / Census 2001 2011 Population Total Number 20,833,803 25,545,198 Males Number 10,474,218 12,832,895 Females Number 10,359,585 12,712,303 Rural Number 19,607,961 Urban Number 5,937,237 Density by Population Per km2 154 189 Sex Ratio F/’000 M 989 991 Literacy Percentage 64.66 % 71.04%

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 64 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Urban Population (%) - do - 23.24 % Current State Economy (2016 - 17) GDP by Agriculture Sector % 17% Sector Industry Sector % 48% Service Sector % 35% Transport Rail Route Length km 1,108 Total Road Length km 3078.40 Source : Census of Chhattisgarh State 2001 and 2011

Economic setting & Sectoral analysis The economy of Chhattisgarh has grown rapidly in recent years with a growth rate of 11.49 per cent in GDP for 2009 – 2010. Average growth in Chhattisgarh’s economy at constant prices (adjusting for inflation) witnessed a decline from 7.6% in 2005 - 10 to 5.0% in 2010 - 15 Chhattisgarh's gross state domestic product for 2010 is es timated at INR 600.79 billion in current prices. Chhattisgarh State is ranked as the 17th - largest tea - producing state in India. Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. According to a government estimate, net sown area of the s tate is 4.828 million hectares and the gross sown area is 5.788 million hectares. Horticulture and animal husbandry also engage a major share of the total population of the state. About 80% of the population of the state is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agriculture - based small industry. The majority of the farmers are still practicing the traditional methods of cultivation, resulting in low growth rates and productivity. Chhattisgarh is one of the few states of India wher e the power sector is effectively developed. Based on the current production of surplus electric power, the position of the State is comfortable and profitable. The Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB) is in a strong position to meet the electricity requirement of the new state and is in good financial health. Chhattisgarh provides electricity to several other states because of surplus production.

In Chhattisgarh, National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (|NTPC) has Sipat Thermal Power Station wit h a capacity of 2,980 MW at Sipat, Bilaspur; GMR Power in Tilda and Korba Super Thermal Power Station with a capacity of 2,600 MW at Korba, while CSEB's units have a thermal capacity of 1,780 MW and hydel capacity of 130 MW. The aluminum industry of Chhatt isgarh was established by Bharat Aluminum Company Limited, which has a capacity of around 600,000 tons each year. In recent years, Chhattisgarh is also getting exposure in information technology (IT) projects and consultancy. Its government is also promoti ng IT and has set up a body to take care of the IT solutions.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 65 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Sectoral performance Chhattisgarh's success factors in achieving high growth rate are growth in agriculture and industrial production. The Gross State Domestic Product of Chhattisgarh for 2016 - 1 7 is estimated to be Rs 2, 81,632 crore. This is 12% higher than the revised estimate for 2015 - 16. The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Chhattisgarh for 2017 - 18 at current prices is estimated to be Rs 2,77,000 crore, computed from the fiscal deficit estimates for 2017 - 18. This is 5% higher than the revised estimates for 2016 - 17. As of 2011 Chhattisgarh, state had a Human Development Index value of 0.537 (medium), ranks 23rd in Indian state. The national average is 0.467 according to 2011 Indian NHDR r eport.

Mining: Chhattisgarh is the only state in India to produce tin concentrates and accounts for 36 per cent of the country’s tin ore reserves. Dante Wada is the sole district producing tin from 6 mines.

Mining : The state accounts for 4 per cent and 36.5 percent of the country’s diamond and dolomite reserves, respectively. It ranks among the top coal, tin and dolomite production states in the country.

Iron and Steel: Chhattisgarh is the iron & steel hub of the country. The Bhilai steel plant of Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) produces more than 3.153 million tones of saleable steel per annum.

Cement: Chhattisgarh has abundant limestone reserves that support a strong cement sector. Chhattisgarh accounts for around 5.4 per cent of the total limesto ne reserves in India.

Transport sector & road transport system in the State Road: Chhattisgarh has coverage of mostly two - lane or one - lane roads, which provides connectivity to major cities. Eleven national highways passing through the state, which are to gether 3078.40 km in length. Chhattisgarh has one of the lowest densities of National Highway in Central and South India (12.1 km/100,000 populations) which is similar to the North Eastern state of Assam.

Rail network: Almost the entire railway network sp read over the state comes under the geographical jurisdiction of the South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways centered around Bilaspur, which is the zonal headquarters of this zone. The state has the highest freight loading in the country and one - sixth of Indian Railway's revenue comes from Chhattisgarh. The length of rail network in the state is 1,108 km, while a third track has

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 66 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

been commissioned between Durg and Raigarh. The majority of population in these areas is not able take advantage of lo w - cost airlines due to poor road connectivity and high cost of taxi fares.

Air: The air infrastructure in Chhattisgarh is small compared to other states. Swami Vivekananda Airport in Raipur is its sole airport with scheduled commercial air services. A mas sive reduction in sales tax on aviation turbine fuel (ATF) from 25 to 4% in Chhattisgarh in 2003 has contributed to a sharp rise in passenger flow.

Sum up of the state’s profile The state of Chhattisgarh has performed fairly well in different areas of socio - economic activities, such as demographic indicators, per capita income, HDI and related parameters as compared to the national average. The share of service sector has been increasing and reduced burden on agriculture and allied activities, good reco very in the macroeconomic situation with much higher revenue collection as compared to the previous year, overall development in transport infrastructure sector, etc. also establish good performance of the State’s economy, and potential for further develop ment. The outcomes of the analysis of socio - economic performance indicators, among others, form building blocks for the traffic forecast modeling for the economic appraisal of the investment in road development proposals of Chhattisgarh.

Economic profile of project influence area

Raipur District Economic Activities: Traditionally, Raipur's economy has been based on agricultural - processing and saw - milling. The city is located centrally in the state of Chhattisgarh, and now serves as a regional hub for trad e and commerce for a variety of local agricultural and forest products. The traditional face of the city has changed rapidly with Raipur becoming a prominent regional commercial and industrial destination for the steel, coal, power, aluminum and plywood in dustries. Raipur is abundantly rich in mineral resources. It is among the biggest market of steel and Iron in the country. Raipur has a large chemical plant which produces and supplies formalin all through the country. The three sectors of the economy – pr imary, secondary and tertiary – reflect the direction of growth of any region.

Dhamtari District Economic Activities: The chief crop of this region is Paddy. Mahanadi one of the major rivers in central India originates in the hills of Sihawa flows in the direction of East into the Bay of Bengal. Unique feature of Dhamtari is the total number of Rice Mills that is more than 136.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 67 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Southwards lays the boundary of Odisha state. Ravishankar Sagar dam that irrigates almost 57000 Hectare of land and also acts as a main supply unit of safe drinking water resource for state capital Raipur as well as supply to Bhilai Steel Plant lies at almost 11 Km from the District capital. Work of 10 MW hydro - electric power plant is progressing and is likely to be completed very so on. The district mostly depends on Agro based products. Most of the city's workforce is involved in the timber industry or rice or flour milling (Dhamtari has more than 100 rice mills), with the chemical industry also a significant presence. Approximately 52 per cent of the geographic area is covered by forests.

Kanker District Economic Activities: Kanker district is industrially backward in nature. The economy of the district mainly depends on agriculture and allied activities. Agriculture is the mainstay of people in the district. Even though large numbers of them are tribal, it is agriculture that sustains them for most of the year. Non - timber forest produce is another major source of income, as large tracts of the land are still forested. The tribes in many places practice Marham or Dippa. The farmers who live in the forest cut the trees before the rainy season and use the land for agriculture. After every two years they prepare a new farm and leave the old one fallow for some time.

About half of rural Kanker is below the poverty line, according to official estimates. The entire district is drought prone. Over 80 percent of the working population is already dependent on marginal agriculture and allied activities, with low incomes and stagnant productivit y. Thus, the only feasible option in the short to medium run is to increase employment in the main livelihood sector, which is agriculture. Diversification, intensification and stabilization of agriculture are at the core of the challenge of livelihood pro motion in the district.

Kondagaon District Economic Activities: This District is the main origin of Handicraft arts in the State. The Coconut development board located in southern frills of the town is a central government coconut development farm, sprawl ing across acres of coconut and assorted plantation. The bell metal craft practiced by most of the craftsmen in the town and the adjacent villages is a form of almost extinct wax sculpting art. Some of the celebrated craftsmen of the bell - metal art forms a re late Dr. Jaidev Baghel (a national awardee), Sushil Sakhuja, Sukchand, Suresh Baghmare etc.

The government endows various schemes and policies to promote these art forms and artisans including sponsoring a select few second or third generation artisans for training in the national institute of design, enabling them to keep abreast with the trends and also

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 68 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

widening the scope of their art forms. Kondagaon is famous for timber mills too, as the division hosts one of the largest forest division in the India n subcontinent.

Socio - Economic Profile of the Project Influence Districts This is very significant to analyze the project area profile and this briefly describes the socio - economic and cultural profile of the Project Affected Area and the surrounding. Th e analysis has been done upon the assessed data from the secondary sources. The Project influence districts socio economic profile has been analyzed as well as the administrative set up of the four districts has also been analyzed .

Raipur District: Raipur district is a district in the Chhattisgarh state of India. Raipur is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is rich in mineral resources. There are many wild life sanctuaries and sightseeing places worth visiting. The district has t he population of 30 lakhs. The location of Chhattisgarh coordinates between 25°55' N latitude and 82°00' E longitude.

Demography According to the 2011 census Raipur district has a population of 4,062,160, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia or the US state of Oregon. This gives it a ranking of 53rd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population balls density of 310 inhabitants per square kilometer (800/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001 - 2011 was 34.65%. Raipur has a sex ratio of 983 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 76.43%.

Geography It is situated between 22° 33' N to 21°14'N Latitude and 82° 6' to 81° 38'E Longitude. It occupies the south eastern part of the upper Mahanadi River valley and the bordering hills in the south and the east. Thus, the district is divided into two major physical divisions: the Chhattisgarh plains and the hilly areas. To the north is Bilaspur District. To the south is Dhamtari District and Gariaband District. To the eas t is Mahasamund District and to the west is Durg District. The Mahanadi River is the principal river of this district.

Economy Traditionally, Raipur's economy has been based on agricultural - processing and saw - milling. The city is located centrally in the state of Chhattisgarh, and now serves as a regional hub for trade and commerce for a variety of local agricultural and forest products. The traditional face of the city has changed rapidly with Raipur becoming a prominent regional commercial and industrial destination for the steel, coal, power, aluminum and plywood industries. Raipur is abundantly rich in mineral resources. It is

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 69 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

among the biggest market of steel and Iron in the country. Raipur has a large chemical plant which produces and supplies formali n all through the country. The three sectors of the economy – primary, secondary and tertiary – reflect the direction of growth of any region.

Education The overall literacy rate of Raipur district is 74.91 percent while the male & female literacy rate is 84.76 and 64.98 percent respectively.Drop - out rate in Govt. schools in Raipur is 0.50 percent at the Primary level. However, it is seen to increase as one moves to higher grades. Raipur has 1376 Govt. schools, of which 1230 are Elementary schools. There a re professional educational institutes in Raipur i.e. IIT, IIM, IIIT, Law University, NIT, Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Government Engineering College.

Climate Raipur has a tropical wet and dry climate; temperatures remain moderate throughout the year, except f rom March to June, which can be extremely hot. The city receives about 1,300 millimeters (51 in) of rain, mostly in the monsoon season from late June to early October. Winters last from November to January and are mild, although lo ws can fall to 5 °C (41 °F). It has a mixed climate which is more towards hotter side; summers are extremely hot and at times the mercury may rise up to 47°C.

Language and Religion Languages are Hindi or Chhattisgarhi accompanied with dialects lik e Halbi, Gondi, Bhunjia depending on the tribes in the region. Bhunjia, spoken by approximately 7000 Bhunjia Adivasis. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 89.69% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi, 5.17% Odia, 1 .16% Sindhi, 0.94% Marathi, 0.70% Bengali, 0.57% Urdu, 0.49% Telugu, 0.41% Gujarati and 0.40% Punjabi as their first language. Raipur District, in the Raipur region is a district of Chhattisgarh with its administrative headquarters located at Raipur city. The major religions in the district are Hindu (95.51%) and Muslim (2.54%) of the total population respectively.

Culture Chhattisgarhi is the local language that most of the people in this area converse in. 'Baigas' (traditional medical practitioners) appl y their own methods (called Jhad phook) to cure diseases, snake bites and the like. Raut Nacha, Dewar Nacha, Panthi & Soowa, Padki and Pandwani are some of musical styles and dance dramas. Pandwani is a famous musical way of singing Mahabharata in this reg ion. Champaran (Chhattisgarh) is a small town in the district that has religious significance as the birthplace of the Saint Vallabhacharya.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 70 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Transport The transport within the city is provided by Raipur City Bus Limited (RCBL) for various routes within th e city. Raipur Municipal Corporation and Raipur Nagar Nigam Transport Limited (RNNTL) also have bus services within Raipur with comfortable buses to various locations in the city and it also connects the main city to the newly developed Naya Raipur. Raipur has its own railway station.Raipur station comes under South East Central Railway Zone of Railways. It handles over 94 trains daily (up/down). Since Raipur is situated between Mumbai and Kolkata, the two important railheads of west and east, several impor tant trains pass through this station. Raipur city is located on the Mumbai - Howrah route of Indian Railways.

Dhamtari District: Dhamtari district is located at the lower central part of Chhattisgarh State. In the north lies Raipur, the Heart and Capital c ity of Chhattisgarh. This district is situated at 20°42' N latitude and 81°33' longitude. Dhamtari district is officially formed on 6 th July 1998 dividing the Raipur district currently the capital of Chhattisgarh along with Mahasamund. As a result, the bou ndaries of the Raipur district are converted into the districts e.g. Raipur, Mahasamund and Dhamtari. Dhamtari, Kurud and Nagari are included in Dhamtari district as Tehasils and Dhamtari, Kurud, Nagari and Magarlod are included as blocks.

Demography According to the 2011 census, Dhamtari district has a population of 799,199, roughly equal to the nation of Comoros or the US state of South Dakota. This gives it a ranking of 485th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 236 inhabitants per square kilometer (610/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001 - 2011 was 13.11%. Dhamtari has a sex ratio of 1012 females for every 1000 males.

Geography Dhamtari is in the fertile plains of Chhattisgarh. The district's total area is 2,029 square kilometers (783 sq mi), and it is about 317 meters (1,040 feet) above sea level. It is bordered by the Raipur District to the north, the Kanker and Bastar Districts to the south, the State of Orissa to the east and the Durg and Kankar Districts to the west. The fertility of the land in the Dhamtari District is due to the Mahanadi River and its tributaries (Sendur, Pairy, Sondur, Joan, Kharun, and Shivnath).dhamtari is situated 65 km from capital Raipur. The fertility of lands of Dhamtari district can be attributed to the presence of these rivers. In the east, Satpura range is located. It is popularly known as Sihawa pahad. In west lies district of Kanker. In North lies Raipur, the heart and capital city of Chhattisgarh. Southwards lies the boundary of Odisha state. Mahanadi one of the major

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 71 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

rivers in central India originates in the hills of Sihawa flows in the direction of East into the Bay of Bengal.

Economy Lead deposits exist in the district. Most of the city's workforce is inv olved in the timber industry or rice or flour milling (Dhamtari has more than 100 rice mills), with the chemical industry also a significant presence. The dam is about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from the district capital. The chief crop of this region is Paddy . Unique feature of Dhamtari is the total number of Rice Mills that is more than 136. Ravishankar Sagar dam that irrigates almost 57000 Hectare of land and also acts as a main supply unit of safe drinking water resource for state capital Raipur as well as supply to Bhilai Steel Plant lies at almost 11 Km from the District capital. Work of 10 MW hydroelectric power plants is progressing and is likely to be completed very soon. Asia's first ever Siphon dam was built in the year 1914 at Madamsilli. Besides Mad amsilli, Sondhur dam, Dudhawa dam are the major projects.

Education Average literacy rate of Dhamtari in 2011 were 78.36 compared to 74.89 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 87.78 and 69.08 respectively. For 20 01 census, same figures stood at 86.51 and 63.39 in Dhamtari District. Total literate in Dhamtari District were 546,833 of which male and female were 303,924 and 242,909 respectively. In 2001, Dhamtari District had 441,921 in its district.

Climate The sum mer season of the district is hot and dry and the monsoon season brings enough rain. The average rainfall of the district is 1221 mm. The southwest monsoon starts from mid June and lasts till the end of September. The minimum temperature goes down to 5.5 d egree C during winter season.

Language and Religion Dhamtari district, Hindu is majority in Dhamtari state. Total population of Dhamtari district is 799,781 as per census 2011. Hinduism constitutes 97.18% of Dhamtari population. 98.12% of the population i n the district spoke Chhattisgarhi, 0.57% Marathi and 0.49% Sindhi as their first language.

Culture Blessed with enchanting natural beauty and a vast reserve of wild animals, Dhamtari is known for its traditional folk culture, which adds to the uniqueness of the region. Dhamtari has numerous tourist attractions. The famous Ravishankar Water Dam, also cal led Gangrel Dam, is famous for a sunset that attracts many picnic lovers annually. It

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 72 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

receives tourists from all places over Chhattisgarh and other states, especially during the monsoons. The town of Dhamtri give great value to art and culture. The Vindhya vasini and Angarmoti temples are famous for their art and cultural beliefs, followed by many people of Dhamtari.

Transport The national highway No. 30 (Previously NH 43) Raipur – Vijaynagaram (Andhra Pradesh) passes through Dhamtari. Raipur is 78 Km. from Dhamtari. Several forms of public transportation service Dhamtari, including luxury buses, tempos and auto - rickshaws. The Raipur - Dhamtari narrow - gauge line also provides service to the area.

Kanker District: Kanker District is situated in the southern reg ion of Chhattisgarh. Previously Kanker was a part of the old Bastar district but in 1998 Kanker got its identity as an independent district. The total area of the district is 5,285.01 square kilometres which is about 3.91% of the area of Chhattisgarh.Kanke r town lies between Chhattisgarh's two largest cities: Chhattisgarh’s capital, Raipur, and Jagdalpur, the district headquarters of the neighboring Bastar district.

Demography According to the 2011 census Kanker district has a population of 748,593, roughly equal to the nation of Guyana or the US state of Alaska. This gives it a ranking of 493rd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 115 inhabitants per square kilometre (300/sq mi). Its population growth rat e over the decade 2001 - 2011 was 15%. Kanker has a sex ratio of 1007 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of only 70.97%.

Geography Kanker is situated within the longitudes 20.6 - 20.24 and latitudes 80.48 - 81.48. The district headquarters of Ka nker is 140 kilometers from Raipur and 160 kilometers from Jagadalpur. Though well connected by roads, the district still does not fall within the vast network of the Indian rail service. Small hilly pockets are seen throughout the area. The Mahanadi River , Doodh River, Hatkul River, Sondur River and Turu River all flow through small pockets of hills in the district.

Economy Kanker district is industrially backward in nature. The economy of the district mainly depends on agriculture and allied activities. Agriculture is the mainstay of people in the district. Even though large numbers of them are tribal, it is agriculture that sustains them for most of the year. Non - timber forest produce is another major source of income, as

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 73 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

large tracts of the land are sti ll forested. The tribes in many places practice Marham or Dippa. The farmers who live in the forest cut the trees before the rainy season and use the land for agriculture. After every two years they prepare a new farm and leave the old one fallow for some time. About half of rural Kanker is below the poverty line, according to official estimates. The entire district is drought prone. Over 80 percent of the working population is already dependent on marginal agriculture and allied activities, with low income s and stagnant productivity. Thus, the only feasible option in the short to medium run is to increase employment in the main livelihood sector, which is agriculture. Diversification, intensification and stabilization of agriculture are at the core of the c hallenge of livelihood promotion in the district.

Education Average literacy rate of Kanker in 2011 were 70.29 compared to 72.93 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 80.03 and 60.64 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 82.72 and 63.25 in Kanker District. Total literate in Kanker District were 456,042 of which male andfemale were 258,298 and 197,744 respectively. In 2001, Kanker District had 396,797 in its district.

Climate The climate of the distr ict is of Monsoon type. The May month is the hottest month and the December month is the coolest month. Average rain of the district is 1492 mm. 90% rain fall during the June to October. Climate changes in to dry and wet. Dry climate is found in Kanker and Charama and the wet climate is found in Bhanupratappur.

Language and Religion At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 66.77% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 17.06 % Gondi, 13.10% Bengali, 1.71% Halbi and 0.40% Kurukh as their fi rst language. The chief languages or dialects used in the Kanker district are Hindi, Bengali, Chhattisgarhi, Gondi and Halbi.

Culture About half of the total population is Kanker district is tribal. Accordingly, most of the culture of Kanker district is tribal, even though an interplay/fusion with other cultures is clearly visible.

Transport Kanker is 140 kilometers away from Raipur, the state capital and is connected to the rest of the state through roadways. Rail service is not available here.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 74 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Kond agaon District: Kondagaon a municipality about 70 kilometers from Jagdalpur city is the head quarter of Kondagaon district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is the third largest city of Bastar division. Kondagaon separated from Bastar distric t on 24 January 2012 and formed as 27th district of the Chhattisgarh state. It is mostly renowned for its bell metal craft and other art forms native to the tribal of Bastar. Also known as the Shilp sheher (lit. craft city) of Chhattisgarh owing to the vari ety of indigenous crafts produced in the area.

Demography As of 2011 India census, Kondagaon had a population of 40,921. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%.

Geography Kondagaon is located at 19.6 - degree North and 81.67 - degree East. It has an average elevation of 593 meters (1946 feet above Mean Sea Level). Total Area of Kondagaon district is 7768 - 907 Sq. KMs. Kondagaon district is surrounded by Kanker and Dhamtari districts to its north, Narayanpur to its west, Bastar to its south and Odisha state to its east.

Economy This District is the main origin of Handicraft arts in the State. The Coconut development board located in southern frills of the town is a central government coconut development farm, sprawling across acres of coconut an d assorted plantation. The bell metal craft practiced by most of the craftsmen in the town and the adjacent villages is a form of almost extinct wax sculpting art. Some of the celebrated craftsmen of the bell - metal art forms are late Dr. Jaidev Baghel (a n ational awardee), Sushil Sakhuja, Sukchand, Suresh Baghmare etc.

Education Kondagaon has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5% male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 55%.

Climate Kondagaon climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. The Koppen - Geiger climate classification is Aw. The average annual temperature is 24.8°C in Kondagaon.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 75 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Language and Religion Gondi is the major language spoken in this district. Halbi is a major link language and is spoken by most of the people in Kondagaon. Bhatri, which falls within the Odia language group but only shares about 20% lexical similarity with Odia.

Culture Gonds are also the largest tribal group of central India in terms of population. The tribes of Kondagaon region are known for their unique and distinctive tribal culture and heritage. Each tribal group in district has their own distinct culture and enjoys their own unique traditional living styles.

Transport Kondagaon lies on the NH 30 highway and can be reached from either Raipur or Jagdalpur. Frequent bus services are available to Kondagaon from Raipur and Jagdalpur. The nearest railway station is Jagdalpur. A Helicopter strip was temporaril y constructed in the playg round adjacent to the government college campus, which is occasionally used.

The key socio - economic profile of project influenced districts has been presented in Table 3.2 0 below.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 76 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 3. 2 0 : Key Socio - Economic profile of Project Influenced Districts Particular Unit Raipur Dhamtari Kanker Kondagaon 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2012 Geographical Area ‘km sq 12,383 12,383 3385 4084 7,161 7,161 5,078 Tahshils Number 13 4 3 4 N/A 7 5 No of Gram Blocks Number 15 4 4 4 N/A 7 5 No of Gram Panchayat Number 408 297 N/A 389 311 Gram Panchayat 5 No Jan Panchayat No of villages Number 2191 2149 659 649 N/A 1,070 545 Villages Inhabited Villages Number 2094 631 619 N/A 1,063 N/A Uninhabited Villages Number 55 30 30 N/A 7 N/A Towns Number 14 26 2 6 N/A 6 3 Demography/Census (Reference Year 2001 & 2011 Census) Total Population Number 3,016,930 4,063,872 7,06,591 79,9781 6,50,934 7,48,941 N/A 5,78,326 Male Number 1,523,925 2,048,186 3,52,524 3,97,897 324,636 3,73,338 N/A 284,781 Female Number 1,493,005 2,015,686 3,54,067 4,01,884 326,298 3,75,603 N/A 294,043 Population Growth 19.29% 34.70% 20.23% 13.19% 18.68% 15.06% N/A N/A Rural Population (%) Percentage N/A 63.50 % N/A 81.35% N/A 89.75% N/ A 90% Urban Population (%) Percentage 19.29% 34.7% 13.24% 18.65% 5.4% 10.25% N/ A 10% Densityby Population Per km2 231 328 209 390 100 105 N/A 114 Sex Ratio F/’000 M 980 984 1010 1004 1006 1005 N/A 1015 Literacy Percentage 68.51% 75.56% 74.89% 78.36% 72.93% 70.29% N/A 86.03% Source: Census 2001 & 2011 NB: Kondagaon district is in Bastar division of Chhattisgarh State. Kondagaon separated from Bastar district on 24 January 20 12 and formed as 27 th district of the Chhattisgarh state

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 77 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Administrative Division of project influenced districts

Raipur district Administrative Set up The Administrative set up of the District is decentralized into 4 Tehsil, 4 blocks, 408 Gram Panchayats and 32 Police Station. Raipur district is administratively divided into 13 Tehsi ls and 15 revenue blocks. It comprises two Lok Sabha Constituencies (Raipur and Mahasamund) and 13 Vidhan Sabha (Chhattisgarh Assembly) constituencies.

Dhamtari district Administrative Set up Dhamtari district falls between two Lok Sabha Constituencies (K anker and Mahasamund) and three Assembly constituencies (Dhamtari, Kurud, Sihawa). Dhamtari district are of four blocks Kurud, Magarlod, Dhamtari, Nagri. The Proposed project villages coming under Kurud Tehashil and the area profile of Kurud Tehshil are as in the following table.

Kanker district Administrative Set up To facilitate the administration, Kanker (Uttar Bastar Kanker) district is further divided into 7 Tehsils (Taluka/Tehsil/Tahsil) which are administrative divisions denoting sub - districts. Tehs ils consists of multiple villages and a few towns.

Kondagaon district Administrative Set up This district is in Bastar division of Chhattisgarh State. Kondagaon separated from Bastar district on 24 January 2012 and formed as 27 th district of the Chhattisg arh state.This District is the main origin of Handicarft arts in the State. The District Collector & Magistrate is the administrator of the district. The district divided into 5 blocks, 311 Gram Panchayat and 5 no. of Janpat Panchayats. There are 3 legisla tive assembly named as Keshal, Kondagaon and Narayanpur.

The project influence tahasils profile has been presented in Table 3.2 1 below.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 78 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Visakhapatnam (Ch 0.000 – Ch 124.661) (Length = 124.661 km) in the state of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Governmentof India )

Table 3. 21 : Project Influence Tahasils Profile Indicators (As per Census 2011) No of Total Male Female Male (0 - 6 Female (0 - Literates SC ST HHs Population yrs 6 yrs) % Abhanpur 9,237 242,089 43,747 198,342 29,801 5,715 76.38% 44,855 13,304 Kurud 43,667 219,013 109,458 109,555 14,398 13,887 78.67% 22,874 20,794 Magarlod 26,318 121,430 60,431 60,999 8,283 8,211 75.66% 5,891 29,472 Dhamtari 59,622 279,833 139,451 140,382 17,197 16,570 81.56% 21,670 47,268 Nagri 41,344 179,505 88,557 90,948 11,774 11,589 74.74% 8,146 110,099 Naraharpur 1,040 4,509 2,220 2,289 275 242 61.4% 318 2,129 Bade Rajpur 18,116 85,560 42,038 43,522 6,273 6,256 55.96% 2,058 65,545 (visrampuri) Source: Census 2011

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 3 - 79

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 4 : A NTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIG ATION MEASURES

4 .1 INTRODUCTION The assessment of potential environmental impact consists of comparing the expected changes in the environment with or without the project. The analysis predicts the na ture and significance of the expected impacts. The magnitude and duration (short - term or long - term) of impacts are also discussed. In this chapter, impacts on each environmental component (like soil, water, air, noise, ecology ) and socio - economic enviro nmental component (like removal or property, land acquisition, etc.) have been discussed. 4.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON SOIL Soil is one of the most important components of the natural environment. For road development the soil is primarily needed for altered r oad embankment. The potential impacts due to project activities are listed below.  During Construction Phase 4 .2.1 Loss of Productive Soil

 Loss of productive soil due to site clearance and excavation as the proposed project will require 684.475 h a. of land .

 This region will be used for road construction so the productivity does not arise .

 The local economy is not going to be affected badly. Compaction of Soil

 Soil compaction due to storage of quarry /construction materials and other heavy equipment, moveme nt of heavy vehicles at the site . 4.2.2 Erosion The soil along the proposed highway is sandy clay loam in nature. The two important eroding agents are, (i) the run - off water, and (ii) the wind. The run - off dynamics are affected by the degree of slope, extent of deforestation and the amount of water stored for irrigation. Grasses and other herbaceous plant limit the surface erosion effectively. The potential impact includes:

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 1

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 The ROW of the proposed National Highway is mainly pa ssing through Agricultural, f orest, fallow and uncultivable land . The degree of soil erosion is noted to be less.

 Once trees along the proposed alignment are removed and the herbal cover is cleared on the proposed National Highway , the problem of soil erosion during construction is g oing to be there. Some mitigation measures like: 1. Cutting of trees in phases, 2. Taking advantage of the period of monsoon, 3. Developing not too high and steep slopes, 4. Improving drainage, 5. Replantation of trees, and 6. Turfing of the new embankment, should be a dopted. These steps will reduce the severity of the issue and by the time the road starts operating, the ecosystem will restore itself. Excavations of soil borrow areas may lead to higher degree of erosion. However, care has been taken that (i) many bo rrow areas are located on raised lands, earth mounds and heaps, (ii ) in some cases the owner or villagers want to develop the area into pond for rearing fishes , (iii) re - plantation borrow pit areas will minimize the soil erosion. 4.2.3 Contamination of Soil In the present project, contractor will use diesel, Bitumen, Emulsions etc during construction of National Highway . However, at material storage site, interceptor / HDPE sheets will be provided to avoid any soil contamination. Hence, the contamination of the soil is negligible . Table 4 .1 describes the impacts of soil and mitigation measures suggested . Table - 4 .1: Impacts on Soil and mitigation measures suggested

Location Type of Impact Mitigation measures suggested Loss of Erosion / productive soil Contamination Road side Loss Very less  More trees plantation to enhance open environment and soil conservation. stretches  Top soil should be removed & stored separately during excavation.  Top soil may be used to Re - vegetate the disturbed slope as early as possible

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 2

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Location Type of Impact Mitigation measures suggested Loss of Erosion / productive soil Contamination Market and No Loss; No  Not needed congested Beneficial areas Borrow Pit Loss of No  Can be developed into pond for fisheries Area productive soil; Beneficial Near Bridges No significant Soil erosion due  By turfing, slope should be gradual Loss of to high productive soil embank ment

 During Operation Phase No significant impacts are predicted other than those resulting from neglected protection works in erosion prone areas and failure to maintain re - vegetated areas along the alignment, bo rrow sites, and debris disposal sites. Bridge approaches with high embankments are vulnerable to soil erosion during high rainfalls. Mitigation measures To prevent soil erosion along the embankment during operation phase, regular monitoring inspecti ons should be undertaken to ensure that drainage, bridge approaches and re - vegetated areas are maintained and strengthened to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion. 4.3 IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES Road development can lead to three types of modifications to the natural hydrological environment. These are: 4.3.1 Modification of the Surface Water Flow The proposed project will no way alter the existing course of the surface water flow. However, the existing drainage problem will be mitigated in the proposed proje ct. The construction of new bridges, crossing rivers, irrigation canals and culverts in the proposed design in the project will be aligned with the construction of National Highway . As such , the surface water flow in the rivers, streams and canals will be least affected. 4.3.2 Modification of the Groundwater Flow The ground water table in the project area is at about 8 to 25 m. However the chance of water contamination is l ess . The source of drinking water is the ground water/ piped

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 3

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

supply . Since most part o f the proposed project is elevated therefore the groundwater flow is not going to be affected. 4.3.3 Rainwater Harvesting This is a green field alignment project. The proposed project will increase of surface run - off due to more paved road surface. It will ha ve adverse impact on ground water recharging if measures are not taken during the design. Therefore, compensation is required to recharge ground wate r. Impacts:

 Loss of ground water table due to withdrawal of ground water for construction.

 Increase of s urface run - off due to more paved road surface

Mitigation Measures: Detailed hydrological survey will be conducted and adequate drainage facilities provided to discharge the run - off to existing catchments area.

 Provision of recharge pits, in the design to recharge ground water, in the urban area.

 Longitudinal road - side drains on both sides of the National Highway and out fall should be nearby culverts/ bridges on nalas/ rivers/ drains.

 All the construction preparatory activities for culverts, bridges and other structure will be carried out during dry seasons.

 Water for construction will be arranged by the contractor from the existing surface/ground water sources.

 Minimum use of water from existing sources for construction purpose will be ensured so that t he likely impact on other users will be minimum . Rainwater harvesting structures shall be provided near the disposal point of the side drains as prescribed by CGWB guidelines . A typical rain water harvesting structure has been shown in Figure 4 .1 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 4

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Fi gure 4 - 1: Typical rain water harvesting structure

4 .3.4 Use of Local Water Supply There will not be any impact on local water supply since n o local water supply will be used for construction purposes. Water will be taken from nearby surface /ground water sources such as canals etc are available all along the highway. U nderground water will be taken after permission of concerned authority at construction sites if required. 4.3.5 Water Quality Degradation Some important parameters like pH, Chlorides, alkalin ity etc. were compared with the acceptable standard for drinking water. No direct impact on water quality is predicted. The river or stream water quality may get contaminated during construction of bridges, culverts etc 4.4 IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY Th e ambient air quality in the project corridor is generally good and well within the national ambient air quality standards, 2009. S ome important observations in the Ambient Air quality are:

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 5

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 The emissions of individual vehicles, their monitoring and regu lar checks are important. The fuel composition, maintenance of engines, and engine temperature must be properly regulated for improved scenario.

 As there is no structure of archaeological importance going to be affected due to proposed alignment, the impac t does not need an assessment from this point of view.

 By and large the pollution level with regard to Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) and

Particle Matter 10 (PM 10 ) at all study sites were within the limits. The other

parameters of air quality measurements, namely, NO x , SO 2 and Carbon Monoxide at all selected sites were also recorded to be within the prescribed limits.

 The mitigative measures suggested include the policies, regulation and enforcement programs covering vehicle standards and maintenance requir ement, fuel quality and technology, management of traffic efficiency and removing the high - pollution vehicles besides plantation of tall, leafy, and dense vegetation to filter and adsorb some pollutants.

 Sensitive areas will be taken care of especially in this regard.

4.4.1 Impacts During Construction Phase The project site impact on ambient air quality within the project site and nearby areas may be significant during the construction phases. The particulate matter will be the main pollutant due to the excav ations, handling and transport of earth and

construction material etc. at site. The other pollutants will be NO x due to the construction activities like operation of construction equipment and traffic movement. Since the construction activities is a te mporary activity and hence the increase in

particulate matter and NO x will be for short duration and its impact will be felt close to the construction site only. Outside the boundary of project activities, the Impacts would be marginal or insignificant . Generation of exhaust gases is likely due to movement of heavy machinery for clearance of the proposed ROW for construction. Toxic gases are released through the heating process during bitumen production. Although the impact will be much localized, it can spread downwind direction depending upon the wind speeds. The health effects of inhaling particulate matter have been widely studied in humans and animals and include asthma; lung cancer, cardiovascular issues, and premature death .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 6

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4.4.1.1 Use o f fly Ash Fly ash is available at Abhanpur which is close to the proposed project and is located within 300 km . The 3252475.00 cum amount o f fly ash will be used for the construction of the proposed project. 4.4.1.3 Borrow Area Soil Extensive survey was condu cted to locate the potential sources of borrow area soils required for the construction of embankment and subgrade with in the reasonable lead distance. The total 3737690 cum amount of soil will require for the proposed project. The quarry chart for Bit umen / Stone product/ Moorum / Sand for the proposed project has been shown in Fig 4.2 below. 4.4.1.4 Coarse aggregates (stone) and Fine Aggregate (Sand) Materials The total 1875758 & 205664 c um amount of Coarse aggregate and Fine aggregate (sand) respectively will be used for the construction of the proposed project. The Aggregate will be brought from the approved Mine quarry and approved supplier of Raipur and nearby places. 4.4.1.5 Bitumen The 109372.34 MT amount of Bitumen VG - 40 will be used for the constructi on of the proposed project. The total demand of Bitumen will meet from the Haldia Refinery . 4 .4.1. 5 Cement The total 116124 t onne amount of Cement will be used for the construction of the proposed proj ect. The total amount of cement will be brought thr ough the nearby approved suppliers of Raipur and nearby places . 4.4.1.6 Steel The total 37110 MT of Steel will be used for the construction of the proposed project and will meet through the nearby approved suppliers Raipur and nearby places .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 7

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Figu re 4.2: Q uarry chart for Bitumen / Stone product/ Moorum / Sand for the proposed project

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 8

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4.4.2 Impacts During Operation Phase This construction of National Highway will naturally increase the traffic load on it after the construction is over and as predicted the traffic load will be increased . However, impact will be less as traffic density is not high. 4.4.2.1 Prediction of Impact on Ambient Air Quality To assess the impact on air quality of the project area during operation phase, air pollution dispersion model ing was carried out using future traffic projections. The modeling was carried out using CALINE - 4, line source model developed by the California Transport Department. Carbon monoxide (CO) is the main component of the vehicular pollution. So, prediction of CO concentration is representative of the impacts of air pollution due to traffic movement . CALINE - 4 Model The air dispersion model used is CL4 (A Graphical User Interface for CALINE4) developed by the California Department of Transportation (Cal trans) for predicting air pollutant concentrations near roadways. CALINE4 is a simple line source Gaussian plume dispersion model. CALINE4 is a model based on the Gaussian diffusion equation and employs a mixing zone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the roadway. The purpose of the model is to assess air quality impacts near transportation facilities. Given source strength, meteorology and site geometry, the model can predic t pollutant concentrations for receptors located within 500 meters of the roadway. It also has special options for modeling air quality near intersections, street canyons and parking facilities. CALINE4 divides individual highway sections into a series of elements from which incremental concentrations are compu ted and then summed to form a total concentration estimate for a particular receptor location. Downwind concentrations from the element are modelled using the crosswind FLS (Finite Line Source) Gaussian formulation, but óy and óz are modified to conside r the mechanical turbulence created by moving vehicles and the thermal turbulence created by hot vehicle exhaust in the region directly over the highway, region considered as a zone of uniform emissions and turbulence. Input Data Requirement:

 Emissions The emissions are provided by traffic volume (vehicles/h) and emission factor (gr/mile/vehicle) for each section

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 9

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Meteorology Wind speed Wind direction Wind direction standard deviation Atmospheric stability Class Mixing Height Ambient Temperature. The de tails of input parameters considered for the modeling exercises are presented in the following paragraphs.

 Traffic Data The traffic surveys have been carried out along the corridor to establish base year traffic with reference to traffic movements . Averag e hourly traffic data has been considered for the present modeling exercises.

 Meteorological Data “Worst case wind angle” run type was considered to predict the worst - case scenario. The met inputs entered were:

 Wind speed: 1.0m/s  Stability Class: F  Mix ing Height: 50m  Standard Deviation: 5°  Ambient Air Temperature: 18 °C PRESENTATION OF RESULTS For One - hour simulations, the concentrations were estimated around 3 receptors to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the dis tance of 30m, 50m & 100m downwind from the centerline for the worst angles as identified by the model. Based on the observed traffic flows and reconnaissance surveys, the proposed project National Highway has been divided into two homogenous traffic se ctions. The nearest receptor was considered to be at 30m from the centerline of Homogenous Section s . Air modeling results of all the four homogenous sections i.e Abhanpur - Kurud (HS - 1 ), Kurud - Nagri (HS - 2 ) , Nagri – Kundel (HS - 3) and Kundel - Raigarh ( HS - 4 ) have been presented in T able 4 . 3 (a), (b ) and (b) . Table 4 .3 (a): - Air Modeling Result for Abhanpur - Kurud (HS - 1 ) (Predicted Conc. of CO)

Predicted Maximum 1 - hour Concentration of CO (ppm) Receptor Distance from Center Line 2018 2023 2028 2033 203 8 at 30 m 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 at 50 m 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 at 100 m 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 10

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Predicted Maximum 1 - hour Concentration of CO (µg/m3) Receptor Distance from Center Line 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 at 30 m 115 115 229 229 573 at 50 m 0 115 229 229 4 58 at 100 m 0 115 115 115 344

Table 4 . 3 (b ): - Air Modeling Result for Kurud - Nagri (HS - 2 ) (Predicted Conc. o f CO)

Predicted Maximum 1 - hour Concentration of CO (ppm) Receptor Distance from Center Line 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 at 30 m 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 at 50 m 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 at 100 m 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Predicted Maximum 1 - hour Concentration of CO ( µg/m3 ) Receptor Distance from Center Line 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 at 30 m 0 115 229 229 458 at 50 m 0 115 229 229 458 at 100 m 0 115 115 115 344

Table 4 .3 (c ): - Air Modeling Result for Nagri – Kundel (HS - 3 ) (Predicted Conc. of CO)

Predicted Maximum 1 - hour Concentration of CO (ppm) Receptor Distance from Center Line 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 at 30 m 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0. 4 at 50 m 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 at 100 m 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Predicted Maximum 1 - hour Concentration of CO ( µg/m3 ) Receptor Distance from Center Line 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 at 30 m 0 115 229 229 458 at 50 m 0 115 115 229 344 at 100 m 0 115 115 115 344

Table 4 .3 (d): - Air Modeling Re sult for Kundel - Raigarh (HS - 4 ) (Predicted Conc. of CO)

Predicted Maximum 1 - hour Concentration of CO (ppm) Receptor Distance from Center Line 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 at 30 m 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 at 50 m 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 at 100 m 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 11

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Pre dicted Maximum 1 - hour Concentration of CO ( µg/m3 ) Receptor Distance from Center Line 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 at 30 m 0 115 229 229 458 at 50 m 0 115 115 229 344 at 100 m 0 115 115 115 229

The predicted 1hr maximum concentration of CO after construc tion of the proposed project is found to be within 4000  g/m 3 prescribed in National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009 for residential, rural and other areas . 4.4.2.2 Change in Ambient air and GLC The air pollution impact of excavation in ordinary earth and b oulders and rock is directly dependent upon construction methodology, annual rate of excavation, mode of transport within the construction site, mode of screening and method of crushing. The air pollution sources at the proposed project site can be broa dly classified into three categories, viz. area source, line source and instantaneous point source. Excavation by various activities in project area is construed as an area source which includes excavation pit(s) and activities happening in the excavati on area like digging, dozing, hauling and loading/unloading. The dust emission from these areas will be fugitive in nature. The excavator operations, loading/unloading operations will also cause dust emission though it will be confined to the area of op eration of the machinery. The gaseous emission from their operation shall be minimal and limited within the project. Transportation of excavated material from the project site to dumping sites area categorized as line source. Since the dumper movement on haul road will be within the project area, no adverse impact shall be felt in the settlement area. D ust Dispersion Modeling for Excavation Operation In the present study, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA – 42 series) approved mathe matical equations have been used to predict concentrations for different operations in project including the material transportation. To predict the particulate emissions, Envitrans AERMOD Cloud. (Air Dispersion Modeling Software) an interface based on ISCST3 – was used to predict changes in air quality i.e., maximum ground level concentration (GLC’s) of Particulate Matter. Short term model options were opted for uniform emissions rates. The concentration of other gaseous pollutants i.e. SO2 and Nox was found to be much lower than the threshold limit (80

µg/m3), the air modeling was restricted to determination of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the present case for the monitoring locations where respective maximum value was identified . The emission factors adopt ed for various project operations are mentioned below:

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 12

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Emission Factor for Excavation and Material Loading/unloading

For excavation and material handling the emission factor for PM 10 has been adopted as per USEPA – 42 series. For Dozing Operation:

EF PM 10 (kg/hr) = 0.34 X s1.5(%) / M1.4(%) Where,

EFPM 10 (kg/hr) = emission factor in kg/hr S = silt contents in percentage by weight M = moisture content in percentage by weight For Material Loading/unloading:

EFPM 10 (kg/hr) = 0.34 [0.119 / M0.9] Wh ere,

EFPM 10 (kg/hr) = emission factor in kg/ton M = moisture content in percentage by weight. Emission Factor for Material Haulage within Project: The emission rate is dependent on several factors which include soil properties, climatic conditions, ve hicular traffic, wind forces and machinery operation. The Empirical equation for calculation of emission rate is as under. E= k*(1.7) *(s/12) *(S/48) *(W/2.7)0.7*(W/2.7)0.7 (w/4)0.5 * (365 - p/365) g/VKT Where, E=Emission Rate K = Particle size multipli er s=Silt Content of the Road surface material S= Mean Vehicle Speed (km/hr) W=Mean Vehicle Weight (tons) w=Mean number of wheels p= Number of days with at least 0.254mm of precipitation per year

Note: The emission factor for PM 2.5 has been considere d 60% of PM 10 .

The Isopleth developed for PM 10 and PM 2.5 along the road alignment where monitored

values are highest in receptor villages and is shown in Figure 4 . 2 and 4 .3 for PM 10

and PM 2.5 respectively . The maximum GLC due to excavation, loading & un loading

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 13

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

3 3 activities for PM 10 and PM 2.5 were found to be 5.6 µg/m and 3.1 µg/m respectively and has been shown in Table 4 .4 . Table 4 .4: Maximum Concentration at receptors

Location Pollutants N - Cord. E - Cord. GLC (µg/m 3 )

Salna Village PM 10 20° 2 ’ 39.8 5” 81 ° 51 ’ 19.83 ” 5.6

Janki Village PM 2.5 21 ° 5 ’18.97 ” 81 ° 45 ’ 0.2 4” E 3.1

Figure 4 .2 : Isopleth of Maximum Predicted 24 hourly Ground – Level Concentrations

for PM 10

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 14

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Figure 4 .3 : Isopleth of Maximum Predicted 24 hourly Ground – Level Concentration s

for PM 2.5 Resultant Impact The resultant impact due to construction activities (excavation and crushing) on the

ambient air quality for PM 10 and PM 2.5 at monitoring station Alluru and Chinnayapalem Village are presented in Table 4 .5 which shows that , the resultant concentration level is within the NAAQS .

Table 4 .5 : Resultant levels due to excavation and construction activities

Pollutants Max. Predicted Resultant Sampling NAAQS Station Name Conc. GLC concentration Station (µ g/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

Salna Village PM10 AAQ 9 62.36 5. 6 67.96 100

Janki Village PM2.5 AAQ 1 41.56 3.1 44.66 60

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 15

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4.5 IMPACT ON NOISE LEVELS The assessment of potential road noise impacts helps in understanding one of the most significant pollution, the noise pollut ion. Some salient features related to potential noise impact of a road development include: (i) the road noise impact is greatest where busy road passes through densely populated areas, townships and markets (ii) the range of noise level should be under stood in relation to the habitation type also; for example, road noise in industrial area is not likely to be problematic but at sensitive location like schools and hospitals; its impact my be significant, (iii) mitigation of noise in urban areas is ra ther difficult, specially at the road intersections. Environmental noise particularly highway traffic noise, is a complex phenomenon because its intensity and characteristics vary with time depending upon the frequency as well as type of vehicles on th e road. The impacts of noise due to the project will be of temporary significance locally in the construction phase and slight increase may occur during the operation stages. Table 4 . 6 presents the source of noise pollution and the impact categorizatio n. Table 4 . 6 : Source of the Noise pollution and its impact

Sr. No. Phase Source of Noise pollution Impact categorization 1 Pre -  Man, material & machinery  all activities will last for a short construction movements duration and also shall be  establishment of labor camps , localized in nature onsite offices, stock yards and construction pla nts 2 Construction  Plant Site  Plant Site: Impact will be Phase stone crushing, asphalt significant within 500m. production plant and batching  Work zones : Such impacts plants, diesel generators etc again will be of temporary nature  Work zones as the construction site will go on Community residing near to changing with the progress of the work zone s the works. 3 Operation  due to increase in traffic (due  Will be compensated with the Phase to improved fa cility) u ninterrupted movement of heavy and light vehicles.

Although the baseline day & night time noise levels monitored at nine locations along the proposed project are within permissible limits specified by the MoEF &CC . The highest Le q noise levels was recorded at Janki Village which is 50.2 dB(A) during daytime and 3 0.2 dB(A) during night time at Salhetola Village . The Mathematical equation is used for noise prediction is L2 = L1 - 20 Log D2/D1.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 16

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4.5.1 Prediction of Noise Im pact on Noise level A noise propagation modeling study has been conducted to find out the impact from the noise generated because of the estimated total traffic flow as well as the significance of these impacts. The noise modeling has been done taking into account the design speed at various stretches and the stretches with restricted speeds have also been considered. DhwaniPRO is a computer program developed to undertake construction, industrial and traffic noise propagation studies for noise assessment . Different operative speeds have been used for various horizon years in the design life to get a realistic picture of the noise levels. DhwaniPRO is used for noise modeling . Table 4 . 7 and Figure 4 . 2 present the results. Table 4 . 7 : Noise level predictions for the receptors at the homogenous intersections

S. No. Locations 2018 2022 2023 2028 2033 2038 1 N1 43 45 47 48 51 54 2 N2 46 49 51 54 55 58 3 N3 45 51 51 52 52 54 4 N4 41 42 44 46 49 50 5 N5 40 45 49 51 54 56 6 N6 39 41 42 42 44 45 7 N7 39 40 4 0 43 46 48 8 N8 40 44 45 48 50 53 9 N9 42 44 48 48 51 54

4 .5.1.1 Outcome of the Noise level Modelling: The outcome of the noise modeling is as follows:

 The predicted noise levels during both day and night time are within limit but in 2038 year exceedi ng the stipulated limits at some locations upto the end of design life of th e project for all the land uses i.e., commercial, residential/rural and sensitive . The Contour map showing noise levels due to total traffic outcome at the homogenous intersectio ns from the period of 2018 – 2 03 8 has been shown in Figur e 4 . 4 (a) to 4 . 4 (f ).

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 17

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Figure 4 . 4 (a) : - Contour map showing noise levels due to total traffic outcome at the homogenous intersections of 2018 year

Figure 4 . 4 (b) : - Contour map showing noise leve ls due to total traffic outcome at the homogenous intersections of 202 2 year

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 18

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Figure 4 . 4 (c) : - Contour map showing noise levels due to total traffic outcome at the homogenous intersections of 202 3 year

Figure 4 . 4 (d) : - Contour map showing noise levels due to total traffic outcome at the homogenous intersections of 20 28 year

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 19

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Figure 4 . 4 (e) : - Contour map showing noise levels due to total traffic outcome at the homogenous intersections of 203 3 year

Figure 4 .4 (f): Contour map showing noise levels due to total traffic outcome at the homogenous intersections of 2038 year

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 20

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4 .5.2 Mitigation measures to reduce Noise levels The following are the mitigation measures to reduce noise pollution:

 Noise standards will be strictly enforced for all vehicles, plant s, equipment, and construction machinery. All construction equipment used for an 8 - hour shift will conform to a standard of less than 90dB (A). If required, high noise producing generators such as concrete mixers, generators, graders, etc. must be provided with noise shields.

 Machinery and vehicles will be maintained regularly, with particular attention to silencers and mufflers, to keep construction noise levels to minimum.

 Workers in the vicinity of high noise levels will be provided earplugs, helmets and will be engaged in diversified activities to prevent prolonged exposure to noise levels of more than 90dB(A) per 8 hour shift.

 During construction vibratory compactors will be used sparingly within the urban areas. In case of complaints from roadside resi dents, the engineer will ask the site engineer to take suitable steps of restricting the work hours even further or use an alternative roller.

 Proposed tree and shrub plantations planned for avenue plantation especially close to settlements, may form an e ffective sound bu ffer during the operation stage. 4.6 IMPACT ON FLORA, FAUNA AND ECOSYSTEM The cumulative impacts of the project activities on th e habitat of wildlife on Elephant s, and other wildlife are as follows:

 Direct loss of habitat at intersection loc ations particularly on account of damage to the existing vegetation due to construction activities and transport .  Degradation of habitat quality due to construction activities and construction camps, and workers of water resources.  Interference of noise g enerated due to construction and transport to the communication systems of the wildlife .  Fragmentation in the grassland areas may reduce home range and cause isolation of the wildlife species, particularly peacock at some locations .  Decline in wildlife po pulation, their flow and movement .  Injury and accidents to a lesser extent as the project has largely elevated tracks leading to mortality of wildlife .  Reduced access to summer and winter ranges of ungulates, breeding sites and nesting habitats of birds .  Permeability to habitats .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 21

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4.6.1 Removal of Trees Approximately 38,433 no s . of trees recorded in Corridor of Impact . The impacts of tree cutting on the environmental quality will be as follows.

 The loss of trees will lead to higher degree of soil erosion. T his has to be compensated by re - plantation of trees in the first priority, at the pre - construction stage.  The loss of trees will reduce the ambient air quality since trees act as adsorbent of air pollutants thereby improving the air quality.  The reduction in number of trees, especially in or near congested market places will enhance the raising of noise level.  The other benefits of such trees such as shade, availability of fruits etc. will be worst affected till the new trees grow up and compensate. Howeve r, a careful and proper planning of re - plantation of trees right at the commencement of construction and the phase wise removal of existing trees will mitigate the negative impacts. 4.6.2 Removal of Herbal Cover The removal of herbaceous plants may lead to so il erosion. However, the degree of erosion will be of smaller magnitude. Yet, the loss of soil by erosion could be mitigated by regular watering and re - plantation of herbal cover, i.e. turfing. 4 .6.3 Flora and fauna Conservation a nd Mitigation Measures Assessment of habitat quality, extent and analysis of usage and problems are essential pre - requisite for Environmental Management Plan. Predicting barriers caused by local and state activities is critical. The following measures could be essentially pra cticed for the environmental and biodiversity conservation in the project area: 1. Management of Activities : The conservation need be practiced following local people - centric decentralized participatory approach where bottom up approach for generation of in formation and practices for conservation need be given priority. A collaborative management approach involving the Forest department, Wildlife wing, Park personnel, local people and knowledge partners, such as, academia and research, and interface institut ions like non - profit organizations and trusts would be appropriate for this purpose. Whenever possible, the Corporates may also be involved as stakeholder to perform their social responsibility in terms of their contribution as monetary support and technol ogy for maintenance of wildlife habitat, habitat improvement and awareness generation. The establishment of project must be discouraged in those areas nearby to Park and eco - sensitive zone.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 22

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

2. Awareness Generation : The knowledge and technical skills are pre - r equisite for human capital to perform in a desired manner. It is, therefore, suggested that the information in regard to species of plants and animals existing in the project site, importance of these species for human beings and conservation of food chain organisms and ecological processes essential for ecological balance at the site, threats for their survival and suitable package of practices for conservation of biodiversity need be made available to the local people and other stakeholders through print and electronic media, street plays (nukkar natak) and exhibitions. Local festivals and fairs ( mela ) can be better opportunities for awareness generation. Promotion of awareness with respect to wild animals , about religious taboos of local communities (e. g., presence of Peacock in habitation and agricultural fields brings prosperity) and indigenous cultu re of biodiversity conservation. 3. Promotion o f Eco development a nd Ecotourism : In order to reduce the dependency of local people on the forest, savannah, gr assland and natural biodiversity for different socio - economic needs, such as, fire - wood, small timber, leaf fodder and medicinal species, etc., the eco - development programme focusing on the cultural and socio - economic and environmental dimensions specific to the project site need be encouraged utilizing local knowledge and practices. Wherever necessary the technology developed through scientific experiments and field experiences in regard to sustainable utilization of natural resources and organic agricultu re including agro - forestry need be integrated with the traditional practices. Eco - development is now seen as a site - specific conservation - friendly measure for environmentally - c ompatible economic development. 4. Control of Population Influx around t he High way : The construction of proposed High way will lead to increase in human population from outside the project area also. This will adversely affect the carrying capacity of the project site (at least temporarily) as far as the space and livelihood needs are co ncerned. This needs to be regulated through development of well - managed habitation and growth centers accordingly. 5. Aquaculture for Fishery : Fish provides meat of white category that does not lead to cardio - vascular diseases and high blood pressure. Additio nally, fish is among the most potential source of animal protein and vitamin - A. Although the consumption of meat is not a common practice in the state Chhattisgarh , it is, therefore, suggested that fish farming as an aquaculture practice need be popularize d in the project area to meet the twin objective of fish harvest and fish conservation in natural water bodies and wetlands. The pond - based fishery may be promoted in the proje ct area. Suitable fish species such as Cirrhinus

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 23

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

mrigala, Catla catla and Labeo rohita may get priority in this activity. Government of Chattisgarh should contribute as resource organization for fish seed and capacity building programmes. 6. Promotion of Farm Forestry, Agro - Forestry and Silvo - Pasture : The multi - species landuses, such as , agro - forestry and farm forestry in the farm land, horti - pastoral and silvo - pastoral practices on the barren lands and wasteland need be given priority to achieve soil conservation and to obtain economic goods, such as, fire - wood, small timber, fodder and fruits simultaneously. For this purpose, locally - preferred species should be considered on priority. 7. Habitat Management for Wildlife : Both regulatory (for human actions) and habitat management practices including engineering devices need be utilized for m anaging and improving habitats for wildlife. The landscape approach following decentralized collaborative management need be adapted for this purpose. The habitat management practices such as, road - side plantation, trees around wetlands, rain water harves ting, fencing along road - side habitats , eradication of Prosopis juliflora regulated grazing by domesticated livestock at selected site (away from wild animal foraging and nesting grounds) and making roads less attractive to birds can be adopted. For good g overnance in the interest of wildlife conservation and sustainable economic development, the following regulatory measures need be practiced equitably in case of common citizens, authorities and very important persons:

 Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 and a mendments  The Forest Conservation Act 1980  The (Prevention and Control of Air Pollution) Act 1981  The (Prevention and Control of Water Pollution) Act 1974  The Environment (Protection) Act 1986  The Biodiversity Act, 2002  Discharge of effluents as per EPA, 1986  Noise Pollution and Control Rules, 2000  Construction and Demolition of Waste Management Rules, 2016  Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016  Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 .

4 .6.3 .1 Integrated Eco - friendly designs The engineering devices, such as, u nderpass es , Box culverts, and chain link fences can be established suitably at intersections and other locations promoting the wildlife survival and movement has been shown in Figure 5. 5 and Figure 5. 6 . Underpasses should be developed to facilitate the wildlife conservation . The non - structural measures, such as messages, related to speed control , caution signs, posters, warning systems for wildlife, etc., can add further to the wildlife conservation.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 24

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

The underpass and plantations could be developed t o facilitate the wildlife conservation . In low lying areas near agricultural fields, the box culverts development will facilitate movement of aquatic fauna.

Fig ure 4 . 5 : Suggestive engineering devices for wildlife management (WII 2016) Top - underp ass, Middle - Box culvert; Lower - Pipe culvert

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 25

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Figure 4 . 6 : Suggestive engineering devices for wildlife management (WII 2016) Top - fish passage; Bottom - fencing along roadside

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 26

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4 .6.3 .2 Impact of Noise, Light a nd Power lines on Wild animals

The noise, l ight and human activity pressure due to proposed project will adversely affect the existing wildlife. Interference of noise generated during construction and due to transport will influence adversely the communication systems of the wild animals. The ar tificial light will disturb breeding and foraging behaviors of wild animals. It may also cause temporary blindness especially in young ones. The head light glare will interfere with the movement of birds, disrupt horning behavior of wild animals, mattin g calls and disorient the migratory wild animals. The power lines will also cause fragmentation and degradation of habitat, impediment to the movement of wild animals and sometimes mortality due to electrocution and collision . 4.7 IMPACT ON PROTECTED MONUMEN TS AND CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES It has been observed that no archaeological site or monument and cultural heritage site is coming along the proposed alignment . Therefore , there would not be any kind of significant impact on the cultural heritage sites.

4.8 IMPACTS ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT The economic and social interaction of communities is going to be improved by the road projects. However, the construction of new road and new alignment will cause disruption to local interac tions. Some important observati ons during the field visits are: 1. The alignment is entirely Greenfield passing t hrough mainly agricultural land . 2. Public consultation reveals hat people are aware of the proposed project and are willin g to support the project. Still in our opinion, how will they behave at the time of project implementation is difficult to assess. 3. One of the topmost priorities in designing the alignment was to save as many properties as possible. 4.9 IMPACTS ON ROAD SAFETY AND HUMAN HEALTH The planning and designing of the new Na tional Highway is in accordance with the improved safety measures and better health conditions. The chances of accidents could be minimized by (1 ) strengthening the pavements, (2 ) improving upon the curves in road geometrics, (3) fly - over and grade sepa rators (4) proposing the service lanes in market places and near schools, etc (5) providing proper median, (6) improving upon road crossings (7) putting right signals and s ignboards, (8) new under passes. The human diseases caused by the contamination of water, increase in air pollutants and noise may go up by 5 - 10% but proper mitigation can take care of the situation.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 27

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4.10 MITIGATION MEASURES The project is likely to bring some negative impacts on the environment and socio - economic structure of the regio n. While deciding the alignment from environment point of view , some negative potential impacts are unavoidable. In such cases, adoption of mitigation measures is the only solution. Mitigation should be focused on achieving goals within clear timeframes . Use of SMART approach is recommended to evaluate the likely effectiveness of alternative mitigation strategies or measures. The SMART refers to measures that are S pecific, M easurable, A chievable, R ealistic and T imely. A brief description of the appro ach to mitigation measures on environmental issues is mentioned below : 4.10.1 Soil The potential impacts, their mitigation, and the phase of implementation to topographic and soil characteristics were assessed and presented in Table 4.8 below. Table 4 .8 : Pote ntial impacts and their mitigation on Soil

Potential Impacts Mitigation Implementation Phase  Action confined within proposed ROW A. Altered embankment  Good engineering & Pre - constructi on phase & construction practices construction phase  Stabilization and turfing (revegetation) B. Borrow pit excavation  IRC standards to be followed Pre - construction phase &  Borrow areas identified construction phase close to NH .  Non - productive land will be used  Good engineering & construction practices

4.10.2 Water Resour ces The potential impacts, their mitigation and the phase of implementation regarding water sources were assessed with regard to surface water bodies, like rivers , irrigation channels and underground water tables with reference to wells and tube wells have been presented in Table 4.9 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 28

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 4 .9 : Potential impacts and their mitigation on Water Resources

Potential Impacts Mitigation Implementation Phase

 Provision of proper drainage Pre - construction, construction,  Construction camps are post - construction and operational A. Surface water bodies properly located phases  Good engineering practices to be followed to reduce the impact on existing surface sources. B. Underground water  No appreciable impacts Per - construction and construction  Water to be used for phase construction should have separ ate source

4.10.3 Ambient Air Quality Table 4 . 10 : Potential impacts and their mitigation on Ambient Air

Potential Impacts Mitigation Implementation Phase Due to construction activities  Machine ry to be fitted Pre - construction, construction and transport of material with pollution control and po st - construction phases device  Asphalt plant will be equipped with dust collectors  Sensitive places like schools and hospitals to be avoided (at least 500 m away) for Asphalt plants and other generators Due to additional traffic,  Plantation of pollutant Operational phase & construction specially in market places adsorbing trees phase

4.10.4 Noise Levels Noise particularly highway traffic noise, is a complex phenomenon because its int ensity and characteristics vary with time depending upon the frequency as well as type of vehicles on the road. The p otential impacts and their mitigation on Noise have been presented in Table 4.11 :

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 29

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 4 . 11 : Potential impacts and their mitigation on Noise

Sr. Item Impact Impact (Reason) Mitigation/Enhancement No. 1 Sensitive Direct Increase in noise  Noise barrier to be provided receptors impact pollution  Traffic calming devic es to be used.  NO Horn Zone sign Post will be placed . 2a Noise Pollution Direct Man, material &  Area specific and for short (P re - impact, machinery duration Construction short movements  Machinery to be checked & Stage) duration complied with noise p ollution Establishment of regulations. labor camps , onsite  Camps to be setup away from offices, stock yards the settlements, in the down wind and construction direction. plants 2b Noise Pollution Marginal stone crushing,  Camps to be setup away from (Construction Impact asphalt production the settlements, in the down wind Stage) plant and batching direction. plants, diesel  Noise pollution regulation to be generators etc monitored and enforced.  Temporary as the work zones Community residing will be changing with completion near to the work of construction zones 2c Noise Pollution Marginal due to increase in  It will be compensated with the (Opera tion Impact traffic (due to u ninterrupted movement of Stage) improved facility) heavy and light vehicles.

3 Noise Pollution Effectiveness /  Measures will be revised & Monitoring shortfall (if any) improved to mitigate/ enhance Any unforeseen environment due to any impact unforeseen impact.

4.10.5 Human Health a nd Safety Due to construction of new National Highway , heterogeneous nature of traffic, congested market places, the accidents are not unco mmon. Besides this the truck - drivers may carry contagious diseases, which might spread in the a rea if proper care

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 30

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

is not taken. The Potential impacts and their mitigation on Health and Safety have been presented in Table 4.12 . Table 4 . 12 : Potential impa cts and their mitigation on Health and Safety

Potential Impacts Mitigation Implementation Phase Accidental spots can be  Proper provision of service Construction and operation reduced by providing ro ads, junctions, fly - over, phases proper signs and warnings, under passes to be provided improv ement of junctions, at appropriate places new under pa ss, fly - over  Truck parking places etc.  M edical facility to be provided (an ambulance Construction and operation fitted with all medical phases equipments and a doctor) Operation phases Sexually transmission  Detected diseased person to Operation phases diseases (STDs) be carried to the nearest city hospital  Preventive measures should be taken to check the spreading of STDs

4.10.6 Measures Taken For Pedestrian and ani mal Safety The Provision of 266 nos. of new underpasses /animal underpass /culverts /major and minor bridges have been provided in proposed project for safety of pedestrian and as well as animals . 4.11 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS The most important negative im pact that the project will cause is the loss of number of trees, leading to (a) enhanced degree of soil erosion, (b) loss of shade, fruits, timbers and other economic activities, and (c) the ecosystem. However, if re - plantation scheme is launched vigoro usly, it will help in restoring the ecological balance , though slowly . The project will not affect any fauna, however, keeping in view the mitigation measures will be followed to avoid any likely impacts on wildlife . T he potential impacts and mitigation measures for biological Environment have been presented in Table 4 . 13 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 31

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 4 . 13 : Details of potential impacts and mitigation measures for biological Environment Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Cutting of approx. 38433 no of  Minimum thr ice trees to be planted at loss of one tree Trees Loss of Habitat and  Plantation will be done along the National Highway Defragmentation sides to compensate the loss of vegetation  The strips of vegetation will be planted on either side of the linear clearing to provide attractive corridors for animals movement. Degradation of Habitat Quality  Precautions will be taken to avoid leakage of chemicals, any hazardous materials due to construction activities.  Labour camps will be located far from habitat of any fauna  Invasive alien species will be removed from time to time Noise Induced physiological  Dense vegetation along the National Highway may be and Behavioral Changes provided for attenuation of noise.  Silence zone will be marked and provided with sign boards t o alert drivers .  Noise buffers using diversity of tree species, with a range of foliage shapes and sizes, combination of shrubs and trees and evergreen species will be provided.  Noise wall /barriers will be provided at sensitive receptors . Impacts of Headl ights Glare on  Three row plantation and Hedges along both sides of Wildlife National Highway will be provided to lower the intensity of lights

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 32

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Avoidance of Road by  Animal underpasses are proposed to be constructed Animals for animals to cross the National Highway . 2. To avoid Injury and Mortality  Different types of underpasses like Box culverts, of animals furniture will be constructed for passage of herpetofauna, amphibians etc.  Fences will be provided in combination with underpasses to direct animal s away from the roads.  Vegetation or other habitat features (rocks, fallen timber) will be placed, planted or allowed to regrow so that animals are directed to preferred crossing locations.  The plantation and lighting systems along the roads should be mad e less attractive to birds to avoid collision of birds with vehicles. Reduce access to saltlicks and  Cr e ation or improvement of water bodies will be done waterholes so that the animals have access to water.  Plantation along the water body will be done to attract the animals towards it.  The saltlicks areas will be protected from reach of human beings. Discontinuity of Canopy  The width of the linear clearing may be kept small in the area having dense canopy to maintain the continuity above the clearing. Disruption of Processes that  The breeding sites of animals/amphibians, nesting maintain regional wildlife sites of birds, thermoregulation surface sites of populations snakes will be avoided for any type of construction.  Construction/modification of ponds will be done to provide breeding sites to amphibians.  The construction of strips of surfaces (next to road where high mortality of snakes are reported) that may attract snakes for thermoregulation will be done.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 33

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odi sha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Increased Human Pressure and  Caution signs will be provided to alert drivers about Human - Wildlif e Conflict wildlife  Speed limit will be restricted in and around habitation area to avoid any collision of animal.  Parking shall be restricted to avoid any encounter of humans with animals.  Temporary wa rning signs may be provided to warn drivers during specific time like breeding periods of animals or animal movement.  Animal Detection Systems may be provided for detection of any animal near road.  Poachers will be warned through sign boards

4 .12 SUMMAR Y OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Table 4 . 14 presents the summary of Environmental Impact A ssessment along with the mitigation measures.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 34

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 4 . 14 : Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment and its Mitigation Measures

S. Parameters Potential I mpact Mitigation Measures Suggested No. 1. Topography  Cut and fill operations  The alignment passes through and Soil during road construction plain/rolling terrain and no substantial cut and fill operations are planned.  Borrow earth  Borrow soil will be proc ure from approved quarry.  IRC guidelines will be followed during excavation  Quarries  Operational and government licensed quarry have been identified, which will be used to procure the material 2. Air  Generation of Dust  Sprinkling of water at: environment  Earth handling site  Borrow area  Road construction site  Air pollution control at stone crusher  Provision of PPE for workers  Stone crushing units environment compliance  Regulation of construction timings near sensitive receptors and settlements  Gaseo us Pollution  Vehicles and machineries will be regularly maintained to conform to the emission standards.  Asphalt mixing sites should be 1 km away from residential area.  Asphalt plant will be equipped with pollution control equipment  Use of PPE by workers e ngaged in construction and application of asphalt mix on road surface.  Responsibility of contractors and supervising officers to ensure that the workers use the PPE 3. Noise  Increase in Noise level  Properly maintaine d equipment’s to be environment during construction phase used

EIS PVT. LTD. IN A SSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 35

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. Parameters Potential I mpact Mitigation Measures Suggested No.  Noise levels of machineries used shall conform to relevant standard prescribed in Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.  Ear plugs and muffs will be used by workers as per requirement during construction activities.  Regulation of ti ming of construction work generating noise pollution near the residential areas 4. Water  Drainage pattern  Provision of proper drainage through

environment At 36 locations (08 Ponds, culverts along the proposed Highway . 10 canals, 10 local  All the water bodies will be crossed by streams, 06 Seasonal bridges and structures without affecting streams, 01 location their original course and flow (Mahanadi River) and 01  Stabilization and turfing of slopes a long Nalah/Canal) will be the water bodies. impacted due to the  At 36 locations (08 Ponds, 10 canals, 10 proposed NH . local streams, 06 Seasonal streams, 01 location (Mahanadi River) and 01 Nalah/Canal) are going to be affected. Over bridges and embankment protection with boulder pitching has been proposed to minimize the impact .  Siltation of water bodies  Silt fencing around water bodies during construction to avoid silt laden runoff entering water body  Turfing or pitching of embankments of water bodies affected will be done where possible to prevent erosio n that causes siltation.  No solid waste will be dumped in or near the water bodies or rivers.  Flooding due to siltation of  Excavated earth and other construction drainages channel materials should be stored away from water bodies  Water for constructi on  Water source would be selected so that local availability is not affected

EIS PVT. LTD. IN A SSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 36

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. Parameters Potential I mpact Mitigation Measures Suggested No.  Rainwater harvesting  Rainwater harvesting drains will be provided along the road side  Contamination from  Provision of septic tanks to prevent any wastes untreated sewage di scharge from construction workers camps  Oil interceptors at construction machine maintenance yards  Contamination from fuel  Vehicle maintenance will be carried out in and wastes a confined area, away from water sources, and it will be ensured that used o il or lubricants are not disposed to water courses  Sanitation and water use  Construction camp will be organized in a in construction camps planned manner.  Proper sanitation facilities will be provided including toilets.  Camps will have separate water s upply facilities so that local water sources are not affected  Adequate water should be provided to the camps for drinking and domestic use 5. Land  Loss of topsoil  Topsoil on stripping shall be removed and environment stockpiled on sides to be used on the side slopes, for top cover of borrow areas and for plantation in pits  Loss of topsoil from Arable lands will be avoided for earth borrowing borrowing. If needed, topsoil will be separated and refilled after excavation  Borrowing of fill materials Ex cavation from pre - selected locations. After excavation, the borrow pits will be dressed to match with the surrounding. Loss of Land The compensation to project affected  As per available data, it is p ersons will be paid as per t he Right to Fair observed that total land Compensation and Transparency in Land acquisition is 684.475 ha . Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement

EIS PVT. LTD. IN A SSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 37

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. Parameters Potential I mpact Mitigation Measures Suggested No. Loss of structures Act, 2013, National Highways Act (NH Act), So far as the type of 1956 and relevant Acts and guidelines of dwelling structures is Government of India and rules of concerned concerned 54 nos. s tate government . Structures coming under within alignment. Loss of Common Property Relocation of CPRs will be done in Resources (CPRs) consultation with the locals and relocation A total of 35 CPRs (temple, will be completed first before dismantling well and ponds) fall within the existing structures of CPRs. proposed alignment. 6. Ecological  Rem oval of approx.  Loss of trees will be mana ged through resources 10,397 no of trees compensatory afforestation and roadside plantation. 7. Impacts on  Loss of Habitat and Total 26 Animal Underpass is proposed for wildlife Defragmentation safe passage of wildlife movement. In addition to this , 09 VUP, LVUP: 44 , VOP: 01 and box culverts : 174 are also proposed for safe movement.  Noise Induced  Tree plantation shall be done along the physiological and road for noise attenuation. behavioral Changes  Silence zone will be marked and provided with sign boards to alert drivers  Noise Barrier will be provided  Impacts of Headlights  Boundary wall with plantation shall be Glare on Wildlife provided on both edge of the RoW to prevent the glaring effect.  Avoidance of Road by  Boundary wa ll will be provided along the Animals edge of the RoW to present the animal  To avoid Injury and entry in the RoW. Mortality of animals  Box culverts will be constructed for passage of herpetofauna, amphibians etc.  Total 26 nos of Animal underpasses shall be provided for the safe movement of wild animal .  W atch tower will be constructed in

EIS PVT. LTD. IN A SSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 38

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

S. Parameters Potential I mpact Mitigation Measures Suggested No. supervision of the forest officials to direct the animals to cross the road through the underpasses.  Guard wall with underpass will be provided in combination with underpasses to direct animals away from the highway. 8. Public  Safety to public  Signs will be posted on highway before health and construction areas informing public about occupational the work and safety provisions. safety  Restriction to Access  Safe and convenient passage for vehicles and pedestrians will b e arranged during construction work  Occupational safety for  Contractor will arrange all safety workers measures for workers as per factories act.  Occupational safety for  All worker employed on mixing asphaltic asphalt plant workers material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc. will be provided with protective footwear and protective goggles

EIS PVT. LTD. IN A SSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 4 - 39

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corrido rs, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 5 : ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5 .1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents a comparative analysis of various alternatives considered to avoid, prevent or minimize impacts that would be inevitable if technically (based on design speed and geometrics) b est - fit alignment is followed. The consideration of alternatives to a proposal is a requirement of the EIA report. During the scoping process, alternatives to a proposal can be generated or refined, either directly or by reference to the key issues iden tified. A comparative analysis of alternatives will help to determine the best method of achieving project objectives while minimizing environmental impacts. Various alternatives have been selected for analysis which usually includes the ‘no project’ or ‘no action’ alternative. The relative impact of each alternative is compared against the baseline environment to select a preferred alternative. The proposed national highway of six lane starts from Jhanki village of Abha npur tehsil in Raipur distric t and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district of Chhattisgarh state from Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 124.661 were considered after finalization of various options such as realignments, bypasses and different construction material opt ions keeping in view objectives of the project, traffic condition, obligatory points, geometric designs, congestions and socioeconomic viability and environmental safety a spects. The discussion in this chapter includes the project with alternatives. The objective of this chapter is to highlight some of the salient issues considered for exercising options. 5.2 SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVE The NHAI had carried out preliminary desk studies using satellite imageries and as such an alignment for the propos ed national highway starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district of Chhattisgarh state from Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 124.661 was finalized. The detail of this selected alignment was handed over by the NHAI and the Consultant has been assigned the task of preparing the Feasibility and Preliminary Design Report for the proposed Expressway. The initial site visit and detailed ground reconnaissance by the consultants rev ealed that by and large this se lected alignment is acceptable. Three alternative alignments have been considered: i) Option 1 (Green & Brown field alignment): In Chhattisgarh state, the alignment crosses the villages Kurud, Umarda, Mandraud, Megha, Mohandi,

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 1

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corrido rs, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Kosamkhuta, Birjhuli, Singhpur, Dugli, Nayapara & ends near Ghutkel village, i.e. CG/Odisha Border with tunnel provision of length - 4.350Km, design speed 100Kmph with smooth gradient in hilly terrain & permissible hill cutting. The option - 1 has not been r ecommended due to project length is more than the all options . ii) Option 2 (Green field alignment): In Chhattisgarh state, a Crow fly alignment was considered which starts from Jhanki near (Abhanpur) and follows Urla - 2, Patewa, Dhuma, Chandna, Hasda, Nawagaon , Kapatphodi, Jarhidih & Bargaon villages. 28.200 Km length of option - 2 crosses in between buffer area & some core area of Sitanadi & Udanti Tiger reserve forest. The alignment was discussed with CG state forest department and the department has denied for the alignment and suggested to change the alignment towards west side which is 48Km away. The option - 2 has not been recommended due to the alignment passes through Sitanadi & Udanti Tiger Reserve Forest . iii) Option 3A (Green field alignment): In Chhattisgarh state, the alignment starts from Jhanki follows Urla - 2, Karga, Sirri, SivniKatln, Mendaraka, Sidhaurikhurd, Joratarai, Chiwarri, Maheshpur, Dudhawa, Sainunda, Machhali villages & ends near Palana village. The alignment passes beyond the Sitanadi Tiger Rese rve wildlife. The option - 3A has not been recommended due to the forest length is more . iv) Option 3B (Green field alignment): In Chhattisgarh state, the alignment starts at Jhanki village follows Urla - 2, Karga, Sirri, SivniKalan, Mendaraka, Sidhaurikhurd, Jora tarai, Chiwarri, Maheshpur, Dudhawa, Malgaon, Choria, Khalari, Thema, Tiriyarpani, Laxmikant, Machhali villages & ends near Marangpuri village. Design speed 100 Kmph has been considered with tunnel provision of length 2.830 Km.The option - 3B has been recomme nded due to less forest length Keeping in view of having less/minor effect on environmental and social components and acquiring minimum forest land, alignment Option 3B has been fixed and it seems more feasible as compared to the other options . It also provides better alternative between Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts . In this option the acquisition of forest land is less and therefore involves minimum felling of trees as compared with other options. It will lead to less impact on En vironment & Social components than other two options . The details of the t hree alternatives studied have been described in Table 5 .1 . The map showing the three alignments have been shown in Figure 5 .1 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 2

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 5 .1: Details of alternatives studied

Option - 1 Option - 2 Option - 3A Option - 3B Sl . No Description (Brown & Green Field) (Green Field) (Green Field) (Green Field) 1 . Total Design Length (Km) 132 118.8 123.23 124.661 2 . Plain Terrain (Km) 126 111.8 114.73 116.661 3 . Hilly Terrain (Km) 6 7 8.5 8 4 . Bro wn Field (Km) 18.740 - - - 5 . Green Field (Km) 113.26 118.8 123.23 124.661 6 . Wild life Sanctuary Length (Km) NA 28 NA NA 7 . Forest Length (Km) 47.81 59.98 46.175 43.75 Reserve Forest (Km) 37.7 50.03 37.3 34.99 Revenue Forest (Km) 10.11 9.95 8.875 8 .751 8 . Land Required (Ha) 720 622 670 682 9 . Total Forest (Ha) 209.502 264.359 202.83 195.107 Reserve Forest (Ha) 169.65 225.135 167.85 160.614 Revenue Forest (Ha) 39.852 39.224 34.98 34.493 10. Land Cost (Cr.) 219.04 153.45 200.45 208.91 1 1. R&R Cost (Cr.) 19.80 17.82 18.48 18.70 12. Environment & Forest Cost (Cr.) 135.79 128.91 127.43 128.02 13. Utility Cost (Cr.) 19.80 17.82 18.48 18.70 14. Tunnel Length (Km) NA NA NA 2.7 15. Tunnel Cost (Cr.) NA NA NA 810

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 3

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

16. Viaduct Length (Km) 1.1 0.5 0.8 2 17. Viaduct Cost (Cr.) 130 59.08 94.53 236.00 18. Total Civil Cost (Cr.) 2437.00 2144.00 2253.00 3161.00 19. Centages (Cr.) 530.64 378.11 359.94 304.12 20. Per Km Civil Cost (Cr.) 18.46 18.04 18.28 25.36 21 . Total Project Cost Including all (Cr. ) 3124.46 4929.17 2542.67 22 . Per Km Cost Including All (Cr.) 24.55 23.76 24.31 32.62 100 Kmph for Hilly 100 Kmph for both 100 Kmph for both 50 Kmph for Hilly Terrain & Terrain & 100 23 . Design Speed(Kmph) Hilly & Plain Hilly & Plain 100 Kmph for Plain Terrain Kmph for Plain T errain Terrain Terrain 24. Achieved Riding Speed (Kmph) 50 70 70 70 25. Travel Time (Hrs) 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 Design Speed is Forest Length is Forest Length is Design Speed is less in Hilly 26. Remarks less in Hilly more than the less than the Terrain Terrain Opti on - 3B Option 3A Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended due to due to more due to forest length Recommended due 27. Recommendation total & forest length is more length in forest & is more than the to less forest length than the other options high cost also. Option - 3B Near CG & OD border the

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 4

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

alignment passes through tiger reserve forest in CG portion

Total Option - 1 Option - 2 Option - 3A Option - 3B Attributes Scoring Criteria Score Weight of Score Score S core Score Attribute Natural Environmental Plains - 0 Rolling terrain - 5 10 5 5 0 0 Flood plains/coastal belt - 10 Upto 100% of Project 10 Length Upto 50% of Project 5 Topography Hilly/mountainous terrain Length 10 1 1 1 1 Upto 25% of Project 1 Length Nil 0 CRZ - I 10 CRZ Area CRZ - III 5 10 0 0 0 0 CRZ - III/IV 1

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 5

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Nil 0 Vulnerability to natural Not prone to any Hazard - 0 hazards (as earthquakes, Rare occurrence - 1 floods, landslides, Tropical Prone to natural - 3 cyclone winds, storm disasters/risks 5 1 1 1 0 surges, tsunami or volcanic Highly prone to natural erup tions and climate disasters (regular - 5 changes etc.) occurrence) Number (average) of wate r 5 or less 1 bodies per km (rivers, 6 to 10 2 Surface water resources canals, reservoirs, lakes and 11 to 15 3 5 1 1 1 1 ponds) – Crossings as well 16 to 20 4 as water bodies within RoW. 21 or more 5 >1 ha. 10 Upto 0.5 ha. 5 Reservoi r/Lake/Pond 10 10 10 10 10 Upto 0.1 ha. 1 Affected Surface Area of if No 0 Water bodies >3 ha. 10 Upto 1.5 ha. 5 Canal/River/Stream 10 5 5 5 1 Upto 0.3 ha. 1 if No 0 Drainage Condition Over - topping and/or water 3 to 4 2 5 3 2 2 2

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 6

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

logging within RoW 5 to 6 3 (average number of such 6 to 7 4 instances per km) 7 or more 5 Available 1 Ground water resources Availability/Grey/Black Grey 3 5 3 3 3 3 Black 5 Within 50 km 1 Availability of 50 to 100 km 2 Materials Availability 5 2 1 1 1 Boulder/Sand/Earth 100 to 200 km 3 More than 200 km 5 No Erosion 0 Is soil erosion an issue To some extent 1 Soil Erosion in/along the sub - project 5 1 1 1 1 road? Critical 3 Very critical 5 Total 80 27 25 25 20

Total Option - 1 Option - 2 Option - 3A Option - 3B Attributes Scoring Criteria Score Weight of Score Score Score Score Attribute Biological Environment Protected Areas (PA) National Park - 10 10 6 8 2 2 under Wil dlife Tiger Habitat - 10

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 7

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Conservation Act Wildlife Sanctuary/Marine - 8 Sanctuary Conservation Reserve/Biosphere, - 6 Wetland Projects Falls within 10Km Boundary of PA/ Wildlife Corridor - 2 in other type of Forests Area None - 0 upto 20 ha 1 upto 40ha 2 upto 50 ha 4 Reserved Forest 10 10 10 10 10 upto 60 ha 6 upt0100 ha 8 More than 100 ha 10 upto 20 ha 1 Forests Area upto 40ha 2 upto 50 ha 4 Protected Forest 10 10 10 10 1 0 upto 60 ha 6 upt0100 ha 8 More than 100 ha 10 Forest Type Area (FCA upto 20 ha 1 10 1 1 1 1 Applicable), Forest Type Area upto 40ha 2

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 8

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

(FCA Applicable), Government upto 50 ha 4 Land Notified under FCA Act as upto 60 ha 6 Protected Forest for Manage ment upto 100 ha 8 Purpose More than 100 ha 10 Trees Felling of trees from Forest Upto 200 Trees/Km 2 area Upto 300 Trees/Km 4 Upto 400 Trees/Km 6 More than 500 10 2 2 2 1 8 Trees/Km More than 1000 10 Trees/Km 50 Trees/Km 1 100 Trees/Km 2 200 Trees/Km 4 Local Law applicable for felling of Upto 300 Trees/ Km 6 10 4 4 4 4 trees Non Forest Land Upto 400 Trees/ Km 8 More than 500 10 Trees/Km No CRZ 0 Mangroves Area 10 0 0 0 0 upto 2 ha. 2

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 9

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

upto 5ha 5

More than 10 ha 10

upto 50 ha 2

No of Mangroves Upto 100 ha 5 10 0 0 0 0

More than 200 ha 10 Tota l - 80 33 35 29 28

Total Option - 1 Option - 2 Option - 3A Option - 3B Attributes Scoring Criteria Score Weight of Score Score Score Score Attribute Social Environment >25 5 Upto 20 4 People No of Families Affected/Km 5 5 5 1 1 Upto 10 2 <5 1 >2 ha. 10 Upto 1 ha. 5 Agriculture Affected Area/Km 10 10 10 10 10 Upto 0.2 ha. 1 if No 0 Settlements Total length of settlement 10 km or less 2 10 4 4 2 2

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 10

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

sections (both towns and 10 to 20 km 4 villages) abutting the road 20 to 30 km 6 corridor 30 to 40 km 8 40 km or more 10 10 or less 1 Number (total) of sensitive 11 to 20 2 receptors within RoW (such Sensitive Receptors 21 to 30 3 5 2 2 1 1 as educational and health facilities) 31 to 40 4 41 or more 5 10 or less 1 Total number of drinking 11 to 20 2 Drinking water water sources (wells, hand 21 to 30 3 5 5 4 2 2 sources pumps, community water points/taps etc.) with in RoW 31 to 40 4 41 or more 5

Religious Number (total) of religious Up to 10 1 Structure structure (temples, shrines, mosque, church, 11 to 20 2 gurudwara) with in RoW 21 to 30 3 5 4 2 1 1 31 to 40 4 41 o r more 5

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 11

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

2 or less 1 Number (total) of cultural 3 to 5 2 Cultural Heritage properties (protected/ 6 to 8 3 5 2 2 1 1 Site unprotected archeological 8 to 10 4 monuments) within RoW. More than 10 5 5 or less 1 Number (total) of weekly 6 to 10 2 market places/haats; Market Places 11 to 15 3 5 1 1 1 1 grain/fruit/ vegetable/ fish 16 to 20 4 market; cattle market 21 or more 5 Number (total) of CPRs (such 5 or less 2 as pastures/gauchar lands; 6 to 10 4 Common Property seating areas of the 11 to 15 6 10 4 2 2 2 Resources community; cremation/burial 16 to 20 8 grounds etc.) within/along the RoW 21 or more 10 Total - 60 37 32 21 21

Total Weight Option - 1 Option - 2 Option - 3A Option - 3B Attributes Scoring Criteria Score of Attribute Score Score Score Score Engineering Aspects Road Length, (Km) Total length of 10 km or less 3 15 15 15 15 15

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 12

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

the Road 10 to 20 km 6 20 to 30 km 9 30 to 40 km 12 40 km or more 15 Nil 0 5 or less 3 Horizontal and Geometrical 6 to 10 6 Vertical (Curvature) 15 15 15 15 15 Elements 11 to 15 9 Per 10 Km 16 to 20 12 21 or more 15 High 5 Road Safety Moderate 10 15 15 10 5 5

Low 15 Better 5 Operational Connectivity / Access Moderate 7 10 7 10 5 5 Low 10 <30 Months 5 Construction Time up to 36 7 10 7 7 5 5

>36 Months 10 Low 1 Muck/blasting/ Cutt ing/ drilling/ blasting / Moderate 3 5 5 5 3 3 disposal Disposal High 5

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 13

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Underpass (No.) VUP/LVUP/SVUP per 10 11 to 20 6 km 21 to 30 8 10 10 8 6 6 31 or more 10 10 or less 2 Number (total) of Road 11 to 20 4 Interchange 10 2 2 2 2 Junctions per 10 km 21 to 30 6 31 or more 8 Nil 0 Number (total) of 2 or less 4 Railway Crossing RUB/ROB/At Grade 3 to 4 6 10 4 4 0 0 per 10 km 5 to 7 8 8 or more 10 2 or less 4 Number (total) of Bridges incl. 3 to 5 6 Major Bridge bridges on Water Bodies per 10 10 10 10 4 6 to 8 8 10 km More than 8 10 5 or less 4 Number (total) of Bridges incl. 6 to 10 6 Minor Bridge bridges on Water Bodies per 10 10 10 8 8 11 to 15 8 10 km 15 or more 10 Total Cost of Civil Cost (Crores) Upto 300 2 5 5 5 3 3

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 14

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder rout es and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Packag e - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONA L HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Structures per 10 km 300 to 600 3 600 to 1000 4 1000 or more 5 Upto 500 2 Total Construction Civil Cost (Crore s) 500 to 1000 3 5 5 5 4 4 Cost per 10 km 1000 to 1500 4 1500 or more 5 Total - 130 110 106 81 75

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 15

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattis garh under Bharatmala Pariyojan a

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Total Option - 1 Option - 2 Option - 3A Option - 3B Scoring Criteria Weight Score Score Score Score Natural Environment 80 27 25 25 20 Biological Environment 80 33 35 29 28 Physical Environment 50 - - - Social Environment 60 37 32 21 21 Engineering 130 110 106 81 75 Total 400 207 198 156 144

Option 3 B is found to have less impact on environmental and social compo nent, hence it is follow ed .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 16

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattis garh under Bharatmala Pariyojan a

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Figure 5.1: Details of alternative alignments

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 17

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattis garh under Bharatmala Pariyojan a

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

5 . 3 WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO The proposed project will not only develop the surrounding ar ea but will also provide smooth movement of traf fic and linking with other roads of the country. Keeping in view, the site conditions and the scope of development of the area, the ‘With’ and ‘Without’ pro ject scenarios has been studied. The details of the “With” and “Without” Project has been present ed in Table 5 . 2 . Table 5 .2 : ‘With’ and ‘Without’ Project Scenario With Project Without Project Positive Impacts Negative Impacts Positive Impacts Negative Impacts  The construction of new • A pprox. 684.475 • No acquisition  Travel time and expressway will reduce ha of land shall be of land or fuel consumption the traffic congestion acquired properties a nd level will be more and wastage of fuel. • Around 38,433 hence no due to bottlenecks • Flourish in trade and trees will be cut displacement of • Increased air Commerce . down due to families. pollution in the • Providing better level of development of • No felling of close proximity of service in terms of green field existing trees and the existing roads improved riding quality alignment. vegetation due to slow and smooth traffic flow. • Increase of traffic moving traffic and • Reduction in accident will lead to air and congestion rate . noise pollution. • Rise in noise • A ccess to new • Removal of trees levels due to more Employment and vegetation due traffic congestion Opportunities . to construction of on the existing • Employment of local proposed pr oject roads workers for the • Changes in land • Chances of execution of project . use pattern along accidents on • Better access to health the new green field existing transport care and other social alignment. infrastructure will services . • Increase in dust be more in • Improved quality of life pollution and noise absence of the of the local people . Pollution during planned • Better way side . Construction period. Expressway. amenities and other However, this will be • Further facilities lik e bus for short term. deterioration of bays/shelters, truck lay • Displacement of project road. byes and service roads . families  Adequate underpasses flyovers for cross over

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 18

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattis garh under Bharatmala Pariyojan a

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Therefor e, ‘with’ project scenario, with its insignificant adverse impacts is mor e acceptable than the ‘without’ project scenario, which would mean an aggravation of the existing problems. The potential benefits of the planned expressway are substantial and far reaching both in terms of the geographical spread and time. Hence, it is clear that the implementation of the project will be a definite advantage to Chhattisgarh and its neighboring states and especially in Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon distr ict s in order to achieve all - round development of their economy and progress for their people .

The potential impacts on different environmental components would be a voided through good engineering design practices. Appropriate mitigation measures have been suggested where avoidances are not possible in various sections of the environmental assessment report . Based on the above studies the following observations are there: i) Option 1 (Green & Brown field alignment) : Not recommended due to project length is more than the all options . ii) Option 2 (Green field alignment) : Not recommended due to the alignment passes through Sitanadi & Udanti Tiger Reserve Forest . iii) Option 3A (Green field alignment) : Not recommended due to the forest length is more

iv) Option 3 B (Gree n field alignment) : Recommended due to less forest length . Matrix Score: 144 (Min) . Option 3 is found to have less impact on environmental and social component, hence it is follow ed .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 5 - 19

Development of Econom ic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh u nder Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 6 : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME The Environmental Monitoring Programme provides such information on which management decisions may be taken during construction and operational phase. It provides basis for evaluating the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measures, and suggested actions that need to be taken to achieve the desired effect. The monitoring includes: (i) Visual observation, (ii) Selection of environmental parameters at specific locations, and (iii) Sam pling and regular testing of Air, Noise, Soil and Water parameters.

The objectives are:

 Evaluation of the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measures .

 Updating of the actions and impacts of baseline data .

 Adoption of additional mitigation measures if the present measures are insufficient .

 Generating the data which may be incorporated in the environmental management plan in future projects .

6.1.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ ) Monitoring The Ambient A ir quality is recommended for monitoring th rough an approve d agency in the process of Construction of 6 lane National Highway starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district of Chhattisgarh state from Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 124 .661 in the state of Chhattisgarh . The monit oring of air sampling should be conducted at the l ocation of Crusher plant, HMP, Stockyards Batching plant, Haul roads. In addition to these, air quality should also be monitored near the storage sites having aggregates, sands etc. The parameters recommended for monitoring during construction are:

 Particulate Matter, PM 10 , PM 2.5

 Sulphur Dioxide,

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 6 - 1

Development of Econom ic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh u nder Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Oxides of Nitrogen, and

 Carbon Monoxide

6.1.2 Water Quality Water quality and public health parameters should be monitor ed till the end of project and one year after the completion. Monitoring should be carried - out at quarterly basis, to cover seasonal variations, by any recognized /approved agency. Water quality shall be analyzed by a pplying the standard technique. 6.1 .3 Ambient Noise Monitoring The monitoring of noise sampling should be conducted at the location of plant sites i.e crusher plant, HMP and construction sites etc. In addition to these, noise quality should also be monitored near the school, hospital, oth er sensitive sites and residential areas exist along the 40 meter to 50 meter distance of project road or at the designated locations fixed – up by the environmental expert . 6.1.4 Soil Quality Soil sample should be collected to assess the soil conditions in and around the project area during the end of the project . The sample was collected by ramming a core - cutter into the soil up to 90 - cm depth. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for relevant physical and chemical characteristics in order to ass ess the impact of the proposed project on soil . The procedural details of monitoring of various components have been presented in Table 6 .1 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 6 - 2

Development of Economic Corridors, I nter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Plan

E n v ir onm e nt al M onito r ing Lo ca t ion F r e qu e n c y Ins t it ut i on al Res p o nsi b ili t y P a r ame t e r s S p ec i al G uid a n c e S t a nd a r d s I mp le m e nt ati o n S up e r v isi on C omp one n t s

Ai r Quality P M 2.5 , P M 10 , S O 2 , A s per C P C B T he Ai r ( P r e v e n t i on A t s i t es w he r e hot m i x Twice a week for three Cont r a c t or t hr o u gh IC, NHAI - PIU Dhamtari N O , CO and Co n t r o l of p l ant / seas on in a year for 3 app r o v e d m on i to r i ng ag e n c y X gu i de l i n es P o l l u t i o n) R u l e s , years during construction bat c h i n g p l a nt i s l o c a t ed C P C B , 19 8 2 and for one year during operation Ground and Surface pH, temperature, B O D , Gr ab p r i o r i t y c o ll e c te d W a ter qua li t y R iv er t r i bu t ar i e s , Once in a month for Cont r a c t or t hr o u gh IC, NHAI - PIU W a ter Quality Total Hardness, C O D, f r o m s ou rc e and three season in a year Dhamtari s tanda r ds b y r oad s i d e po n ds and app r o v e d m on i to r i ng ag e n c y T D S , T SS , D O , T otal a n a l y z e as per for 3 years during gr o u n d water at c o li f o r m , Co n du c t i v i t y , s t a nda r d m ethods f or C P C B construction and for one c on s tru c t i o n c a m p s i t es O i l & Gr ea s e etc e x a m i nat i on of water year during operation a nd wa s t e w a t er No i s e L e v e l s No i s e l e v e l f or d a y a nd In f r ee f i e l d at 1m No i s e s t a nda r d b y A t eq u i p m ent y a r d s , c a m p Once in a month for Cont r a c t or t hr o u gh IC, NHAI - PIU n i g h t d i s tan c e f r o m the C P C B and v i l l a g es a l o ng t he three season in a year app r o v e d m on i to r i ng ag e n c y Dhamtari eq u i p m ent to b e a l i gn m ent. for 3 years during on d B ( A ) sc a l e m on i tored construction and for one year during operation S o i l q u a li t y Analysis of A s per I R C c ode A d - h oc i f a c c i dent / s p i l l Once in a mo nth for P IU t hrou g h an IC, NHAI - PIU l o c a t i ons i n v o l vi n g b u l k three season in a year Dhamtari N P K & h e a v y m eta l s and - of pra c t i c e app r o v e d a g en c y for 3 years during grea s e tran s po r t of c a r r y i ng construction and for one hazardous material year during operation Road s i de Mo n i to r i ng of It s ho u l d b e e n s ured A s g iv e n i n t h e A l l a l o ng t h e Du r i n g t h e For es t de p art Co m p e te n t Developer to assist in that o nl y m a r k ed A g e n c y co - ordination with NHAI p l a nta t i on f e lli n g of trees Detailed Design for c o rr i dor f e lli n g of trees trees are f e ll ed the project

S u r v iv a l r ate of tree s T he n u m ber of tre e s T he s u r vi v al r ate A t l o c a t i ons of E v e r y month f or 3 y e ars P IU, Dhamtari Dev eloper & Forest s u r v i vi n g dur in g s ho u l d be a t - c o m pen s ato r y a f f ore s tat i on Department and all along the corridor ea c h v i s i t s ho u l d be l ea s t 75% be l o w c o m pa r ed w i th the wh i c h r e - p l a nta t i on n u m ber of s ap li ngs s ho u l d be do ne p l a nted

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 6 - 3

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feede r routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIO NAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING COST The environmental monitoring cost is estimated on the basis of the length and existing environmental scenario of the proposed project . En vironmental monitoring cost of 2,86,92,000 / - has been allocated for construction and operation stages. The details have been presented in Table 6.2 . Table 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Cost

S. P a r amet e r s / Compo n ents Location G uidelines Unit T ot a l C o s t No. Co s t /Sample ( R s ) ( R s ) 1 A m b i en t A i r M o n i t o r i n g : Monitoring at PM2.5 and 9,0 0 0 1,74,96 ,000 At construction Stage: Construction Resiprable dust At 9 locations for three sites and along samplers t o b e u sed season in a year for 3 years the project a n d lo c a te d 5 0 m (twice a week) f r o m t h e ( Total 1944 samples in 3 c o n s t ruc t i on s i te At Operation Stage: Along the - 9,000 58,32 ,000 At 9 locations for three season National for a year (twice a week) Highway (Total 648 samples in 1 year) 2 Ground W at er Mo n i t o r i n g: Ground water A n a l y ze a s p e r t he 6,0 0 0 12,96,000 At Construction Stage: bodies along s t a n da r d m e t h o d s At 8 locations for three the project f or e x a mi n a t io n o f season in a year for 3 years wat e r a n d wa s t e (Total 216 samples in 3 wat e r year s ) At Operation S tage: Ground water A n a l y ze a s p e r t he 6,0 0 0 4,32,000 At 8 locations for three season bodies along s t a n da r d m e t h o d s for a year the project f or e x a mi n a t io n o f (Total 72 samples in 1 wat e r a n d wa s t e year) wat e r 3 Surface Water Sampling Surface water Analyze as per the 6,000 4,86 ,000 At Construction Stage: resources along standard methods At 3 locations for three the project for examination of season in a year for 3 years water and waste (Total 81 samples in 3 water year s )

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 6 - 4

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feede r routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIO NAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

At Operation Stage: Surface water Analyze as per the 6,000 1, 6 2 ,000 At 3 locations for three resources along standard methods season for a year the project for examination of (Total 27 samples in 1 water and waste year) water 4 N o i se M o n i t o r i n g : At equipment Us i n g a n i n t e g r at e d 3,0 0 0 7, 2 9 ,000 At Construction Stage: yards/constructi n o i se l e v e l m e t e r At 9 locations for three on sites k e pt a t a d i s ta nc e season in a year for 3 years identified by IC of 1 5 m f r o m t h e (Total 243 samples in 3 c o n s t ruc t i on s i te year s ) At Operation stage : As directed by - 3,000 2,43 ,000 At 9 l ocations for three season the Engineer for a year (Total 81 samples in 1 year)

5 Soil Monitoring: At productive - 7,000 15,12 ,000 At Construction Stage: ag ricultural land At 8 locations for three season in a year for 3 years (Total 2 16 samples in 3 year s ) At Operation Stage: At productive - 7,000 5,04 ,000 At 8 locations where for agricultural land three season for a year (Total 72 samples in 1 year) T ot a l M o nito r ing C o s t 2,86,92,000

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 6 - 5

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam ( Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 7 : ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 INTRODUCTION As per the conditions of the Terms of Reference given by EAC for preparation of the EIA/EMP Report, several studies were to be conducted to provide a clear picture of the project area. The suggested studi es/activities were:

 Preparation of Site specific Wildlife Management Plan for the proposed project highway in the state of Odisha

 Public Consultation and Public Hearing

 Social Impact Assessment

 Road Safety Measures

7.2 PREPARATION OF SITE SPECIFIC WILDLIF E MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT HIGHWAY The preparation of site specific wildlife Management plan for the proposed project has been prepared by “We the Foresters Welfare Society” which is a registered society with Chhattisgarh firms and socie ties. The core members of the society are retired Forest officers of IFS and SFS cadre who possess rich experience in making wildlife conservation and management plans . The team of experts visited the project area and conducted various surveys and take n observations. Interacted with the stake holders (local peoples, forest officers and NHAI project authority) and after due consultation and considering WII and norms of Chhattisgarh forest department of forest and wildlife development, the plan is prep ared for due approval . The detailed wildlife management and conservation plan has been attached as Annexure XI. 7.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 7.3 .1 Introduction Public involvement is one of the most important methods for the success of any project. It is useful for gathering environmental baseline data, understanding likely impacts, determining community and individual preferences, selecting the alternative and for designing sustainable mitigation and compensations plans. The guiding principles include

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 1

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam ( Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

(i) Disse mination of information: - The info rmation regarding the proposed project should be disseminated to the project affected people directly and indirectly. (ii) Soliciting information: - The basic information regarding various environmental and socio - economic issu es is solicited. (iii) Consultation: - The consultation invol ves engaging people in dialogue . There has to be a continuous dialogue between the components of the project and the public. (iv) Application of the gathered information: - The aforementioned three componen ts of public involvement should be applied at various lines throughout the EIA process. The public consultations are held at all the stages, namely, inception, screening, feasibility, and EIA preparation. 7.3.2 Methodology Followed For Public Consultation In order to make the project sustainable and effective, communication with the stake - holders, other affected people and interviews with individuals was made. The methods used for public consultation were as follows: - The questionnaires regarding the amuse ments of various environmental impacts due to the project and suggestion on their mitigations were field tested by a group under the leadership of two supervisors. The data were recorded at the screening and feasibility stages. 7.3.3 Public Consultation Proce ss Consultation process was carried out at two different levels, viz. • District, and • Local or Village District Level consultations were conducted to solicit public and Project - Affected Persons (PAPs) inputs. Participants in District level consultat ions included District Magistrate, representatives of District level officials of Revenue departments, NGOs, PAPs and PAP representatives apart from NHAI /PIU staff and consultants . The objectives of district level consultations were:

 To expand awarenes s of the project among the public, local government, peoples’ representatives and non - government organizations.

 To identify social and environmental sensitivities and other concerns in affected districts that should be considered during project design an d planning.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 2

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam ( Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 To review potential impacts of the project to date; measure taken to avoid, identified in social and environmental assessments reduce or mitigate adverse impacts and minimise displacement; and provisions of project’s .

 To explain principles and procedures proposed for land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation; and the compensation and assistance that will be provided to project affected persons, households and groups who may lose land or assets or suffer from other losses.

 To explain abou t introduction of house - to - house surveys, asset verification, Photography, and village level consultations along project roads.

 Assure that local - level inputs are considered in project preparation Local Level Consultations: The objectives of local level c onsultations were to inform the affected persons about the project, R&R policy of GOI, to incorporate their views in the design and mitigation measures as suggested by them. For organizing the local level consultations, Consultation team was framed - up w hich includes one Socio - Economic Analyst specialized in qualitative data collection, two women community organizers, two investigators and one moderator. Group discussions were carried out based on semi - structured guidelines. Efforts were made to cover all those villages having major problems viz., relocation of religious structures or big market or residential area getting affected, etc. Both small and big habitations were covered in order to get representation of all the segments of affected populat ion. More than one - group discussions were held in every affected village. The size of group was restricted to 8 to 10 so that everybody gets the chance to express their views on the project. Apart from above Separate group meetings were also organized f or women participation in affected villages.

The Local Level public consultations were carried out at Janki , Umarda , Sarkra and Joriyapara villages during the date from 22/01/2020 to 25/0 1 /2020 . The issues related to resettlement were also discussed d uring these consultations and the outcomes of the consultations carried out at various stages presented in Table 7 .1 and Table 7 .2.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 3

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam ( Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.3.4 Key Issues  Majority of PAPs agreed that keeping in view of existing road condition, travel time and traffic volume, propos al of new National Highway is necessary.  majority of the project affected persons in the stretch are poor non - titleholders and their concern was that whether the government would do something for their welfare as they do not have any alternative source for their livelihood;  when would they be required to shift and where will they go as they do not have any alternative, their concern was that if they are relocated to places away from the highway, they would lose opportunities for small business what they get now as a result of the highway;  Compensation was the major issue in every discussion. Most of the PAPs feared of low compensation because of past experience. However, consultants informed them about the procedure of calculating compensation and were also informed about R&R assistances to meet the replacement value. Cash compensation is more preferred by the PAPs. 7.3.5 Consultations during Design phase Consultations were carried out at the design stages to identify:

 Location specific social issues to be addresse d through designs;

 Socio - economic profile of community along the project route;

 Extent of likely social impact due to the project;

 Expectations and reservations of people towards project; and Resettlement and rehabilitation options . 7.3.6 Consultation Sessions C onsultations were done using various tools including, interviews with government officials, questionnaire - based i n formation with stakeholders etc. The public consultation carried out at the Screening, Feasibility and Social Assessment stages of the project has been summarized . The extent or the likely level of adverse impacts was one of the major criteria in deciding locations for public consultation sessions. A listing of the various consultation sessions conducted at different locations along the entire project corridor is presented. These community consultations were held during various times of the design period and were attended by the Consultant’s Environmental and Social experts and local populace.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 4

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 7 .1: Public Consultations issues

SI. Loca tion Date Participants Issue Suggestion from Mitigation Measures No Raise/Discussed Participants 1. Janki 22/01/2020 Local  People  Provide Vehicular underpass  Provisions of circle rates as Villagers Recommend for at every 500 m so that per adjoining developed service road along farmers can assess their area. the highway . field.  Give assess to their fields so  Road crossing  They recommend that the cost of production problem will arise compensation at per New did not increase. for farmers to Act RFCTLARR - 2013  Provisions of VUP and PUP assess their  Up gradation of circle rate at eve ry 500m. agriculture f ields.  Provide access to the  Compensation should be  Compensation farmers so t hat the given by according to new issue. productivity did not reduce act.  Circle rate is very and it should not increase less the cost of production. 2. Umarda, 23 / 01/2020 Local  Road crossing  Provide access to the  Provisions of VUP and PUP Villagers problem will arise farmers so that the at every 500m. for farmers to productivity did not reduce assess their and it should not increase agriculture fields. the cost of production  Compensation  They recommend  Provisions of circle rates as issue. compensation at per New per adjoining developed Act RFCTLARR - 2013 area.  People recommend  Compensation should be govt. job of one given by according to new

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 5

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

family member for act. t he loss of their land . 3. Sarkra 24/01/2020 Local • Road crossing • Provide Vehicular underpass  Provisions of VUP a nd PUP at Villagers problem will arise at every 500 m so that every 500m. for farmers to farmers can assess their assess their field. agriculture fields. • Proper road safety • Proper road safety measures • The proposed NH measures should be have be en incorporated in the may be concern for incorporated in the project project design report and shall safety specifically design. be implemented by the project for women and proponent. children, accident risk will increase 4. Joriyapara 25/01/2020 Local  Compensation • They recommend  Compensation shall be given Villagers issue. compensation at per New as per the prevailing  Circle rate is very Act RFCTLARR - 2013 government policy and act. less • Up gradation of circle rate .  Provisions of circle rates as  Diversion of per adjoining developed a lignment from area. agriculture land to • Provide Vehicular underpass • Provisions of VUP and PUP at barren land. at every 500 m so that every 500m.  People recommend farmers can assess their service lane. field.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 6

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.3 .7 Continued Consultation As part of the continued consultation pro gram, the following actions are proposed:

 The NGO involved in implementation of the RAP will organize public meetings, and will appraise the communities about the progress in the implementation of R&R as required.

 The resettlement sites, other amenities an d facilities to be made available to the PAPs will be disclosed to them in consultation sessions .

 The NGO will organize public meetings to inform the community about the entitlements and provisions under the project. Regular update of the progress of reset tlement component of the project (summary version of the report submitted by the NGO) will be placed for public display at PIU office.

 All monitoring and evaluation reports of the R&R components of the project will be disclosed in the same manner as sugges ted in this report. Table 7.2 : Addressal of General Issues and Concerns under the Project

Issue / Concern Addressal under the project Enhancement of communities  Every effort should be made to minimize properties displacement of community properties Imple mentation of land acquisition  Land acquisition plan would be done as per LA act plan 1984 Resettlement of residential people  The project Displaced families should be resettled in the village government land. Relocation of religious properties  Relocation of religious properties would be done in close consultation with community. Since non - titleholders would be  The informal dwellers would have some proof that assisted in the project; what are the they are residing on or before cut - off - date. mechanism to check further influx of illegal users ROW Division of compensation to all eligible families Loss of Livelihood and income  The PAPs will be compensated as per National restoration option R&R policy  RAP to detail out the assistance programme to the needy A ssistance to vulnerable groups  Special provisions have been made in the entitlement framework for assisting vulnerable groups to improve their quality of life. Employment of locals during  Locals will be given preference for employment construction during the project implementation

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 7

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.4 PUBLIC HEARING The public hearing has been successfully conducted on 07.01 .2021 in Raipur district, 28.01.2021 in Kanker district, 05.02.2021 in Kondagaon district and 15 .0 2 .2021 in Dhamtari district as per EIA Notificat ion, 2006 and its subsequent amendments. The proceedings of the public hearing of all the districts are enclosed as Annexure XI (a), Annexure XI (b) , Annexure XI (c ) and Annexure XI (d ) . The detailed issues raised during Public Hearing at Raipur, Kanker , Kondagaon and Dhamtari districts along with the reply by Project proponent and its implementation in the EIA/EMP report has been described in Table No. C7 - 3 (a) to Table No. C7 - 3 ( d ) respectively . Table No. C7 - 3 (a): Issues discussed during Public Hear ing at Raipur district

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during public Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public Hearing hearing 1. Sri. Prahallad H is land has been affected, The project is in the initial Sahu, Gram - when will be the project started stage and the construction of Nayakbandha what will be its co mpensation, the project will start after full as trees are also there in his land acquisition and the land so what will be its construction period is 3 years. compensation. Whether the The compensation for the payment will be made on properties (instant case house) square feet basis or acre will be compensated as per basis. How much amount I will Fair Compensation and get. He asked whether a Transparenc y in land passage will be given for the Acquisition, Rehabilitation and movement or not Resettlement Act, 2013, National Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India. There is provision of good nos. of underpasses ( ROBs: 1, VUP: 09, LVUP: 44, VOP: 01, TUNNEL: 01 a nd 174 Nos. of Culverts) for safe passages of villagers. There is a provision for the villagers within certain limit from the Toll for their free

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 8

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

movement across the toll along with their trolleys/tractors/bikes etc. There is also provision of slip roads/s ervice roads for using main carriageway 2. Sri. Docaram Sahu He has a land and they are 4 The compensation will be brothers. One of my brother given to the owner of the land has sold the land whether we as per the government records will get any compensation or and the compensation will be not, whether our land is duped paid as per Fair Compensation or not. If duped then the and Transparency in land compensation should no t be Acqu isition, Rehabilitation and given to my brother. He has Resettlement Act, 2013, sold the land. I have not National Highway Act (NH gained till on my name Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India. 3. Sri. Goutam Someone is having 0.5 acre of The compe nsation will be paid Yadam, Village - land and someone is having as per Fair Compensation and Tukro 0.75 acre of la nd, whether the Transparency in land compensation will be given Acquisition, Rehabilitation and uniformly to all or may differ. At Resettlement Act, 2013, the time of Highway National Highway Act (NH construction it may be clarified Act), 1956 and relevant acts that whether the raw - material and guidelines of Government will be dumped on the land of of India. any farmer land or it will The raw material during the directly come after process. construc tion of the project highway will be brought from the authorized suppliers of the district and be stored/kept in the designated place purchased by the project proponents or in the construction camps of the con tractor. 4. Sarpanch of There is a canal, river and The proposed project does not Nayakbandha, Sri. pond in the course of this affect the flow of water of

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 9

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Bhag bal Markam proposed Highway. He is also canals/rivers/ ponds etc and told that a portion of pond is good nos. of structures (such coming under the Highway. He as 174 Nos. of culverts, 06 asked to suggest the way and Nos of Major Bridges and 34 means to save the pond. Nos. of Minor Bridges) have been proposed to be designed to avoid any impact on the water bodies. 5. Sri. Agarwal, He has got an objection from The proposed project is a Village - his side for the construction of lin ear activities and chosen the Nayak bandha Raipur - Visakhapatnam alignment in such a manner so Corridor. He has told that a that there shall be no impact large area of the pond under on water bodies. disposal is under effect. In the Good nos. of structures (such old survey conducted in as 174 Nos. of culverts, 06 respect of the Nayakbandha Nos of Major Bridges and 34 region, under construc tion Nos. of Minor Bridges) has buildings, big - big regional been proposed to be designed lakes, canals have not been to avoi d any impact on the affected . But according to new water bodies. survey, which has replace the The alignment has been fixed old one with only 100 mtrs by the Government of the India difference, big buildings land under Bharatmala Pariyojana worth lakhs of rupees are by the consideration of the affected. As a result the local authorities and proper compensation of this l and compensation will be given to should be crores of rupees that the affected structures falling is to be paid, and our pond is on the ROW of t he proposed also affected which is to be NH. considered. The old survey The appropriate compensation seems to be more suitable. In will be done by the Kala with this regards several villagers the funds of NHAI as per Fair have lodged an objection with Compensation and the gram panchayat of Transparency in land Nayakbandha. The mat ter has Acquisition, Rehabilitation and not been resolved before the Resettlement Act, 2013, land acquisition officer. National Highway Act (NH Hearing and consideration on Act), 1956 and relevant acts this necessary. A copy of the and guidelines of Government

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 10

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

same may please be placed of India. before you and resolve it. Our demand is to keep the old survey as it is and if necessary less or more recti fication can be made. But the big buildings and land are lost, which is to be considered. Thanks! My obligation is not related with the construction of new road. My objection is with old and new survey. We have no objection in the old survey and we have li ked it also and we have welcomed it. We have objection with the second survey. 100 meters have been extended. Consider our plea and start the construction according to old survey, if any changes are required you may carry out.

Table No. C7 - 3 (b ): Issues discussed during Public Hearing at Kanker district

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during Reply to Issues by PP No attended in public public Hearing . hearing 1 Sri. Mahendra Kumar I am losing my land, but my Compensation to project affected Sahu, Village - name is not in the list. How persons will be paid as per the Sarandi much land is lost? The land Fair Compensation and records in my name. Transparency in land Acquisition, Rehabilitat ion and Resettlement Act, 2013, National Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India. It may be mentioned that all these site specific local issues are taken care by the competent

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 11

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

authority during settlement as per lo cal law . If any land parcel is actually affected, however has not been published then supplementary publication will be done through respective CALAs. 2 Sri Sadesh Singh My agriculture land is on The said matter pertains to Mandavi, Village - others name. He has Revenue Department, Govt. of Maulipara transferre d my land records Chhattisgarh. (patta) in his name. I am appealing the administration to take action 3 Sri. Vishwanath The land is both on me and The said matter pertains to Pradhan, village - my brother's name. Land Revenue Department, Govt. of Shamtara partition is over but title has Chhattisgarh. not been transferred. We are three brother. They are not listening to me or my advice. 4 Sri. Kuber Singh, I am losing the land, Bu t the Compensation to project affected Village - Shamtara same is not in the map. persons will be paid as per the Fair Compensation and Transparency in land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, National Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guid elines of Government of India. It may be mentioned that all these site specific local issues are taken care by the competent authority during settlement as per local law. If any land parcel is actually affected, however has not been published then suppleme ntary publication will be done through respective CALAs . 5 Sri Kashiram Sori, My Father Ramsingh Soriis The pro ject proponent replied that Village - Jamgaon having a land in Dompadar, the construction of the proposed Demarcation is done, but highway is not started yet and patwari has not given any land acquisition is under progress

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 12

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

information. I am having 11 and compen sation will be given as acres of Land out of which 4 per the prevailing government - 5 ace r s will come under rules to the affected fa rmers . road. 6 Sri. Man Singh Sahu, In my land record (patta) The said matter pertains to Village - Samtara Khasra no. 2 out of Khasra Revenue Department, Govt. of no. 4 has been shown as Chhattisgarh. drain. Which is also a non - irrigated one? I am paying water Tax, In that case how many land is stated as non - irrigated. This is to be corrected and shown as irrigated one. 7 Sri. Satrughna Sahu, The agricultural land is on The said matter pertains to Vullage - Maulipara my elder brother's name. Revenue Department, Govt. of The construction is about to Chhattisgarh. start very soon. I have applied for the partition of our land but no action has been taken. 8 Sri. Shyam Kartick I want to know, what is I rrigated agricultural area refers to Jain, Village - irrigated and non - irrigated area equipped to provide water Basanwahi land? Ther e are 2 - 3 tube (via artificial means of irrigation wells in my land. My land is such as by diverting streams, coming under the floo ding, or spraying) to the crops construction of National whereas in N on - irrigated Highway. agricultural areas, production of crops is dependent on rain - fed irrigation . The compensation of the affected structures such as tube wells etc will be paid as per Fair Compensation and Transparency in land Acquisitio n, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, National Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 13

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

9 Sri. Giridharlal Sahu, My land (Khasra no. 982/1, The said matter pertains to Village - Maulipara 982/2) is coming under Revenue Department, Govt. of acquisition. It has b een Chhattisgarh. stated as non - irrigated in land records, whereas the same is irrigated one. 10 Sri. Fatte Singh, My elder brother Karsuram The said matter pertains to Village - Samtara Expired. The records are to Revenue Department, Govt. of be correc ted. Chhattisgarh. 11 Sri. Sandeep Drivedi, My question is not for myself 1. The land acquisition for Village - Basanwahi. but for the interest of all. National Highways project is Canals are running is most b eing done as per provisions of the farming land of of NH Act 1956 by respective farmers. They are also Competent Authority, Land having bore wells. But it has Acquisition. been recorded that their 2. Necessary action is to be lands are non - irrigated ones. taken by the Revenue If each person of the village Department to correct the tries to speak then the nature of the land such as hearing has to run for 2 - 3 irrigated / non - irrigated. days. How much 3. Compensation is to be compensation will be paid, calculate d by the Competent how many tree is required to Authority, Land Acquisition as cut, how many tr ees will be per the prevailing rules. planted, where will be the Therefore all the information plantation will take place. related to compensation will be These points are to be available in the office of the clarified. The farmer should sub - divisional officer (R). / know its demarcation on the Competent Authority, Land farming land is done. But it is acquisition kanker. not known how much 4. Only those trees that are compensation will be given necessary to be cut for the to them. The second construction of the project will problem is related to be and necessary afforestation environment, here mahua, will be carried out as per the mango, char trees are there. rules. Trees will also be For the environmental planted according to IRC balance, how many trees will specifications for be planted by you. The Environmental balance.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 14

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

farmer should be informed 5. Afforestation regarding actual about us with relativity. The affected land can be taken farmers may be informed in from the office the Competent simple language. As regards Authority, Land Acquisition. to the payment of compensation, the guidelines issued by the Supreme Court i.e., 4 times the value, is to be paid. My land is also coming under acquisition people should be informed clearly in this regard.

12 Sri. Sadaram Sori, My father and uncle The said matter pertains to Village - Jamgaon distributed their land Revenue Department, Govt. of separately. My uncle land is Chhattisgarh. coming under the highway. The Khata Separation may be done. 13 Sri. Nand Kumari My land is coming under the The said matter pertains to Sori, Village - Road, but it is not in my Revenue Department, Govt. of Jamgaon name, I have no mother and Chhattisgarh. father. Land partition was not done. There are two brothers how compensation will be paid. 14 Sri. Deepak Netam, You are requested to provide There is no provision for prov iding Village - Musurputta land in lieu of land. If alternate land in lieu of affected anybody is having one and land as per NH Act 1956 and half (1.5) acres of land and subsequent provision “Fair one acre is going for land Compensation and Transparency acquisition, then how will he in land Ac quisition, Rehabilitation survive for living. and Resettlement Act, 2013”, . 15 Sri. Hira Singh Sahu, I have got 10 - 11 acres land T he compensation to p roject Village - Maulipara in which bore well and a affected persons will be paid as home is also there. The per the Fair Compensation and National Highway Road is Transparency in land Acquisition, passing through the centre Rehabilitation and Resettlement

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 15

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

of my land and what wil l be Act, 2013, National Highway Act the fate of my house and (NH Act ), 1956 and relevant acts how will I get compensation and guidelines of Government of India . The compensation for the properties (instant case house ) is also to be compensated as per above mentioned Act. 16 Sri. Rajesh Patel, Earlier the Irrigation of our Compensation to project affected Village - Shamtara land is being done by Canals persons will be paid as per the and Drains, the proof of Fair Compensation and which is available with us. At Transparency in land Acquisition, present the canals and Rehabilitation and Resettlement drains broken out. So how Act, 2013, National Highway Act will get compensation, (NH A ct), 1956 and relevant acts whether on the basis of and guidelines of Government of irrigated one or non - India. irrigated one. This thing is happening with most of the The said matter pertains to farm ers. But patwari has not Revenue Department, Govt. of shown our land under Chhattisgarh irrigated category. 17 Sri. Gokulram I have got a tube well in my The said matter pertains to Markam, Village - land but as non - irrigated in Revenue Department, Govt. of Shamtara the records. The same may Chhattisgarh please be rectified after proper inspection. 18 Sri. Chummanlal The land is of my The said matter pertains to Sahu, Village - grandfather's and after Revenue Department, Govt. of Maulipara paying the land tax (pouthi) Chhattisgarh the area of the land was recorded as less. The same may be rectified under statement so that my problem will be solved.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 16

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table No. C7 - 3 (c ): Issues discussed during Public Hearing at Kondagaon district

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during public Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public Hearing hearing 1 Sri Mahendra I am a small farmer. My land There is no prov ision for providing Kumar Sinha is coming under the project. I alternate land in lieu of affected Village: PALNA am asking the Govt. to land or employment as per NH Act provide e ither employment or 1956 and subsequent provision land against land. So that my “Fair Compensation and family may not be disturbed in Transparency in land Acquisition, future. The main source of Rehabilitation and Resettlement our livelihood is farming. Act, 2013” . Kindly consider about us and Preferably locals are likely to be our children future if em ployed by the concerned employment is given then the contractor during constructional as future will be secured. well as operational phase. However, the compensation to projec t affected persons will be paid as per the Fair Compensation and Transparency in land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act , 2013, National Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India. 2 Sri Biharilal Sahu I am a small framer; our land T he compensation to project Village: PALNA is coming under the project. affected persons will be paid as There is a provision to give 4 per t he Fair Compensation and time compensation. We are Transparency in land Acquisition, no t agreeing with this. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Employment to one member Act, 2013, National Highway Act of the family should be given (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts against the land. We are not and guidelines of Government of satisfy with the 4 times I ndia. compensation, otherwise we Preferably locals are likely to be are not going to give the land. employed by the concerned contractor during constructional as

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 17

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

well as operational phase. 3 Sri Brijlal Sahu I am a small farmer, I am Please refer compliance of Point Village : PALNA having approximates No. 2. 01(one)Acre of land is there. My land is also coming under the project. I want employment or land against land . 4 Sri Rajendra I would like to tell you on e NHAI executes an agreement with Prasad Kashyap thing, whenever the roads contractors for execution of Village: HATMA were constructed, the construction works. Road guidelines are not followed by Construction works are being the contractors. I am a staff of executed by the contra ctors as per Sukuma Agriculture the provisions of contract Departm ent. There the land is agreement only. Also Road Ballast. The guidelines are Construction is done as per the also not followed there. The di rections/circular guide lines/IRC work should be done as per specification issued by NHAI & guidelines. MORTH Govt. of India time to time. Compliance of contract conditions and other conditions of different approval is the obligation of contractor. 5 Sri Bansilal Sahu I am residing on a Govt. land The compensation to project Village SALNA since 50 - 60 years. They affected persons will be paid as should also get the per the Fair Compensation and compensation. Whose land is Transparency in land Acquisition, coming under the project Rehabilitation and Resettlement completely, they should get Act, 2013, National Highway Act compensation and (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts employment. and guidelines of Government of India . 2. The respective CALAS will determine the Compensation Amount of the acquired land under section 3G of NH Act. The said amount will be deposited by NHAI to CALA for disbursement to affected owners.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 18

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table No. C7 - 3 (d ): Issues discuss ed during Public Hearing at Dhamtari district

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public public Hearing hearing 1 Sri NOHAR RAM He enquired how many meter The proposed RoW will be in SAHU, village: - will be the width and how general 60 m and in Forest DARGA. much com pensation will be areas it is 45 m. available for one Acre of The compensation to project land. Whether the place affected persons will be paid as which has been identified can per the Fair Compensation and be shifted. Transparency in land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, National Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India. 2 Sri DEDHARAM My land is by the side of the The compensation to project SAHU, village: - road. How compensation will affected persons will be paid as KHUNDAPAR, be given either on the basis per the Fair Compensation and of Square feet or the basis of Transpa rency in land Acre. This may please be Acquisition, Rehabilitation and cleared as my land is by the Resettlement Act, 2013, National road side. Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India . 3 Sri BHAGWATI 04 Acres of my land is The appropriate com pensation RAM SAHU, coming under the project. will be done by the Kala with the village: - GOBRA H ow much compensation will funds of NHAI as per Fair be available to me, we will Compensation and put objection only when we Transparency in land understand it if we don’t Acquisition, Rehabilitation and understand, how will we put Resettlement Act, 2013, National objection. I have 04 Acres of Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and land. It has been acquired relevant acts and guidelines of portion wise, whether Government of India. compensation will be available for the rem aining

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 19

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public public Hearing hearing portion. How will we do cultivation, we will support only when we get compensation. If the land remains it will be asset of children as well as old people. If you will pay say 10 lakhs, it is not known how it will be exhausted. We have been told tha t the amount will be transferred to Bank A/C But 3 - 4 years lapsed nothing has come we are residents of Gobra village. 4 - 5 Acres of my land has been identified in my village Paraswari. My village is Gobra but cultivation is in Paraswari. 4 Sri GIRDHARI LAL Our land which has been The appropriate compensation SAHU, village: - marked, how it’s cost will be will be done by the Kala with the DEVRIKALA evaluated. That information is funds of NHAI as per Fair required. Compensation and Trans parency in land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, National Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 20

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public public Hearing hearing 5 Sri VEDPRAKASH He has been told that road There is provision of good nos. SAHU, Village: - will start from” Bela tkari” and of underpasses ( ROBs: 1, VUP: CHINGRI will be extended, But now it 09, LVUP: 44, VOP: 01, has been turned from TUNNEL: 01 and 174 Nos. of Sivanikala. I am having 02 Culverts ) for safe passages of Acre 90 decimal land. It is villagers. coming under the central There is a provision for the portion of the Road, But it is villagers within certain limit from skewed both sides having the Toll for their free movement corner. Neither I can ride the across the toll along with their tractor nor I can operate th e trolleys/tractors/bikes etc. There harvester. In the earlier is also provision of slip survey it was straight shown, roads/service roads for using so one side could be saved, main carriageway. But now the portion is such that neither this side land is saved nor the other side. How much compensation will be available, on which base it will be given and when it w ill be given, kindly inform. 6 Smt. HEMLATA She told that they are very The compensation to project YADAV, village: - poor and we have buil t a affected per sons will be paid as KURUD house with sweat and blood. per the Fair Compensation and There are 15 - 20 houses. Transparency in land Acquisition, Inform whether we will get Rehabilitation and Resettlement compensation, how will you Act, 2013, National Highway Act give? We want land along (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts with compensation because and guidelines of Government of we are having small children, India. where will we take them? The compensation for the properties (instant case house) is also to be compensated as per above mentioned Act. 7 Sri BHARATRAM My land comes to 02 Acre The compensation to project SAHU, village: - and 30 decimals, my land is affected persons will be paid as

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 21

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public public Hearing hearing SINGHOURI touching with the village. per the Fair Compensation and KHURD. Both sides are touching the Trans parency in land Acquisition, road, pump is also there Rehabilitation and Resettlement which will also be removed, Act, 2013, National Highway Act house is there, house is also (NH Act), 1956 and relevant acts be removed, what its and guidelines of Government of valuation ? It is being heard India. that as per guideline the The compensation for the valuation is reduced. It is also properties (instant case houses, being heard that price of Rs pumps etc) are also to be 13 lakh 50 thousand is compens ated as per above reduced to Rs 9 lakh 40 mentioned Act. thous and as per guideline. But the compensation demand is prevailing as Rs 25 lakh, 30 lakhs. What is their valuation, the information of which is required? Thanks. 8 Sri HEMLAL SAHU, I am having a small land of The compensation for the village: - 10 decimals, in which pump properties (instant case houses, SINGHOURI and house are there. My pumps etc) falling within the RoW KHURD. motor pump as well as house will be paid as per the Fair is coming under the project. Compensation and Transparency Both house and pump are in land Acquisition, Rehabilitation within the dema rcated line. and Resett lement Act, 2013, What shall we do? I want National Highway Act (NH Act), information, Thanks. 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India 9 Sri SHYAMLAL The document of my land has The said matter pertains to UPADHYAY, village: not been corrected. Even Revenue Department, Govt. of - MOHDA, after approaching the Chhatt isgarh patwari, he has told that c orrection cannot be done. The land is marked for the road. It has been passed.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 22

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public public Hearing hearing Nothing will be done now, as I was told. Corners of the land were left; please tell us what will be its estimate. 10 Sri MOTILAL SAHU, He says that he is having 01 village: - KURUD. Acre 40 decimal of land. Out The compensation to project of which 01 Acre is coming affected persons will be paid as under the project. Remaining per the Fair Compensation and 40 decimals are by the side Transparency in land of it, in which I cannot plough Acquisition, Rehabilitation and my land. I would like to know Resettlement Act, 2013, National how much compensation will Highway Act (NH Act), 1956 and be given to me. rele vant acts and guidelines of Government of India. 11 Sri NOHAR RAM It has been told by the The proposed project is a linear SHANDILYA, village: officers that this public activities and chosen the - KARGA. hearing was organized is alignment in such a manner so related to environment. You that bear minimum divers ion of please take about forest land and felling of trees. environment only. Due to the The alignment has been fixed by constructi on of Road our the Government lands are going and we came of the India under Bharatmala here to express our Pariyojana by the consideration sufferings and want to know of the local authorities and what we will get. Honble sir proper compensation will be how much compensation will given to the affected structures be available, whose land are falling on the R OW of the coming under the road. When proposed NH and the proposed the question of environment project has many benefits such comes, road should not b e as (i) The proposed project constructed. Do that the would act as the prime artery for agricultural land of the the economic flow to this region. farmers will be secured (ii) Enhanced connectivity generation to generation. If between rural & urban the farm land is there trees, population which will benefit the

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 23

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public public Hearing hearing plants and green will be all sec tions of the society like there. Every year sowing general population, small - takes place, which keeps the medium - large scale industries, environment, which makes farmers, businessmen etc. clean air and wat er. You are constructing the road by Proper environmental monitoring destroying them. Everything (Air, water etc) will be done is being destroyed and this is during construction and considered as country’s operation phases. The provision development. Let us say that of Rs. 2.90 Crores have been road is necessary, but you kept for Monitoring of air, water, asking answer about soil, noise and Soil in environment. So what answer supervision with the project they will give. First of all proponent. ple ase hear our problem. When road is constructed trees and plants will grow on both sides of road and that will happen. But you please search about their basic problem and search it why they have come here. If the task is for environment they might not have come. This is the opinion other may have their opinion, previous speakers told how much compensation will be given. This is my appeal. Thanks. 12 Sri SIVDAYAL He said that two separate Compensation to project SAHU, village: - land classes are coming in affected persons will be paid as SINGHAURIKHURD. the survey. I would like to per the Fair Compensation and know whether a single Transparency in land c ompensation will be given Acquisition, Rehabilitation and for two or separately, Thanks. Resettlement Act, 2013, National Highway Act (NH Act),

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 24

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Sl. Name of Persons Issues Raised during Reply to Issues by PP No. attended in public public Hearing hearing 1956 and relevant acts and guidelines of Government of India 13 Someone from the During public hearing There is provision of good nos. Public (Name: someone from among the of underpasses ( ROBs: 1, VUP: Unknown) public told that what benefits 09, LVUP: 44 , VOP: 01, will be given to the farmers. TUNNEL: 01 and 174 Nos. of He further told that he heard Culverts) for safe passages of that barricades wil l be villagers. erected on both sides of the There is a provision for the road, which will restrict the villagers within certain limit from passage for the farmers and the Toll for their free movement what benefit will be given to across the toll along with their the farmers when their land is trolleys/tractors/bikes etc. There taken ? Would like to know. is also pr ovision of slip roads/service roads for using main carriageway. He described about the benefits like time saving in journey, access to Medical facilities etc due to this project 14 Sri Durgesh Patel The given Compensation will There is no provision for be exhausted one day. I want employment as per NH Act 1956 that any one member of the and subsequent provision “Fair house must be given Compensation and employment. Transparency in land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”, Preferably lo cals are likely to be employed by the concerned contractor during constructional as well as operational phase

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 25

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7. 5 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) STUDY IN THE PROJECT The Social Impact Assessment study of the project National Highway has been carried out as per terms of reference of NHAI and guidelines given by the Govt. of India. The study methodology employs a simplistic approach in which the important receptors were identified. Based on the identification, secondary baseline data were collected a nd then analyzed to predict the impacts and quantify them. A detailed Social Assessment has been carried out to identify nature and characteristics of losses to individuals and local communities because of the proposed project interventions. The report prepared which gives detailed impacts of the project. A Census survey of Project - Affected Persons (PAPs) was carried out along with the land resource survey of the project area. To establish impacts on people and community a resource mapping on strip ma p and consultation with individuals, communities and other stakeholders were done. Based on the findings of this survey and consultation with project - affected persons and other stakeholders a social impact assessment report is prepared. 7.5 .1 Methodolog y 7.5 .1.1 Approaches to Study The social assessment process generally commences with screening stage. At this stage, social analysis is made of the project area and steps are taken from the beginning so that plans / designs / alignments are finalized i n such a way that to the extent possible, adverse impacts are avoided / reduced at the design stage itself to make these roads social and environment friendly. Wherever avoidance / reduction of the adverse social impact is not possible, those affected s hould be compensated, resettled and rehabilitated properly by adopting proper mitigation measures and the living condition of the people are improved. The key steps are: • Avoiding / reducing the adverse social impacts at the design stage, especially while finalizing the alignments; • Mitigating the unavoidable adverse impacts at planning, construction and implementation phase; and • Compensating the affected people and common properties at replacement costs and by adopting appropriate rehabilitation and resett lement measures. • Social Impact Assessment has been defined variously in different guidelines. For the study of this present project, the scope of work defined in the document (Term of Reference) prepared by the NHAI, Government of India, has been taken int o consideration. The major issues and items identified in the scope in brief are: • Study of Background information on project and related policy and legal issues;

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 26

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

• Collection of data from secondary sources; • Reconnaissance survey of the project impact zone, and • Analysis of data and Screening exercise 7.5 .2 Policy, Legal a nd Administrative Framework 7.5 .2.1 Institutional Setting The project has been initiated and is being carried out by NHAI. The primary responsibility of the project rests with the NHAI in providing encumbrance free ROW to the concessionaire who shall implement the project. 7. 5 .2 .2 Policy, Legal and Administration Framework The Social Impact Assessment report of six lane starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajp ur tehsil in Kondagaon district of Chhattisgarh state from Ch . 0.000 to Ch 124.661 km having total length of 124.661 Km has been prepared considering the Central Government legislation & Acts for resettlement & rehabilitation. Wherever required, help was also taken from the guidelines of NHAI Act 1956 for Land Acquisition. 7.5 .3 Project Profile 7.5 .3.1 Right of Way (i) This is Greenfield project and there is completely new acquisition; 7.5 .3.2 Terrain & Land Us e The proposed National Highway traverses mainly through plain terrain. However, few stretch of proposed highway traverses through rolling terrain. The land use pattern along the proposed National Highway includes fallow, uncultivable & agricultural la nd . 7.5 .3.3 Settlement Section The proposed project National Highway traverses through 66 settlements within the Corridor of Impact. This would result in physical displacement of families, loss of livelihood and impact on other resources. Thus, acquisit ion through the settlements will have considerable impact on people, property, and other resources. The proposed National Highway passes through rural area and people has to assess their field and there would be need of provision of service roads, VUP, PUP at every 500m which will have high impact on people as well as property. However, provision of service roads and development of facility for pedestrian movement across the road with necessary safety measures are desirable. Provision of service road s and

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 27

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

barricading through traffic from the local traffic will not only reduce congestion on the project road but also will facilitate smooth movement of traffic and reduce the cases of accident. 7 .4. 4 Project Affected Households ( PAHs) & Project Affecte d Population ( PAPs) The details of Socio - economic survey indicate that project - affected households are 54 and total project affected population in 270 . 7.4.5 Land Acquisition Based on the survey conducted and information on PROW obtained so far, the lan d required for construction of National Highway and acquisition is minimum of 70 m wide ROW. This includes Agricultural , forest and Barren Land . 7.4.6 Public Consultation The public consultations were carried out in villages along the project corridors. These consultations were taken up by social and Environment expert. Preliminary interactions with the impacted persons were sought to elicit their perceptions and apprehensions of the project. Interactions with the locals were carried out to discuss t heir concerns specifically relating to safety, road widening, potential impacts to their properties and expected impacts. The concerns of most titleholders and also non - titleholders (shopkeepers, commercial and residential structures owners) were regard ing design of PROW, loss of structure, any design scope to reduce impact on their structures and compensation norms to project affected persons. Public consultations were also conducted with villagers along the project with major focus on Social and e nvironment aspects. As per the findings of the same, the water quality is quite good in the project area of Chhattisgarh . Locals have appreciated the proposed development in the project area and suggested improvement in road quality to reduce the air a nd noise pollution in the vicinity of the highway. Suggestions have also come on provision of truc k lay bays , bus bays, underpasses and pedestrian underpasses in some villages. Villagers have also demanded service roads and Vehicular Underpass at every 500m in the built up areas and adequate compensation to the project affected persons. The concerns raised by the villagers have been addressed in the project design. Mitigation measures shall be undertaken as per EMP to mitigate environmental impacts i n the area. The compensation to project affected persons will be paid as per Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013, National Highways Act (NH Act), 1956.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 28

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

The main purposes of public co nsultations are to know the community’s reaction to the perceived impact of proposed project on the people at individual and settlement level. The issues of the most concern are related to rehabilitation and resettlements. It is also generally felt that most of the people are aware about the project. The other prime concern is road safety problems. The issues have been duly incorporated in project design. 7.5 .7 Potential Impacts 7.5 .7.1 Impact of Land Acquisition Brief analysis of impacts of land acqu isition can be subdivided into the following subheads. 7.5 .7.2 Loss of Land Initiation of the project will have direct impact on village communities and other neighboring villages. The land to be acquired for the proposed project consists of agricultur al land, mango trees, community land under Village Panchayats, various structures of public interest, residential structures and residential plots, public utilities and others. Further, there would be change in the land use pattern, as land use will be diverted from agricultural land to road construction activity. Quite a number of families would lose settled agricultural land. The livelihood of these families in most cases depends on the produce of their land. 7.5 .7.3 Loss of Farm Produce The stretch has relatively prosperous Agricultural land. Acquisition of land will result in loss of crops. As land will be acquired in a phased manner, the owners will be able to cultivate some part of their land till construction time permits. They will be allowed to harvest produce and cash compensation will be paid for crops acquired at a price fixed by the Government. 7.5 .7.4 Loss of Residential and Commercial Structures The project requires the demolition of residential houses and commercial properties. The se will be acquired and compensation paid before the start of project. 7.5 .7.5 Loss of Public Infrastructure Construction of proposed National Highway would entail shifting of public infrastructure. These include Temple, places of culture, places of wors hips, some village roads, piped water lines etc. These will be relocated at new sites as per the community’s requirement, subject to allotment of land by authorities before actual demolition begins.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 29

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.5 .7. 6 Loss of Income Those losing agricultural l ands will lose income opportunity. However this will be a permanent setback, unless provided with adequate compensation amount and / or training facilities for new trades with sufficient seed capital. 7.5 .7 .7 Increase in Employment Opportunities Commenc ement of National Highway will benefit the community through generation of direct and indirect employment within the project areas due to construction activity, minor repairs and maintenance works. The project will require a good number of unskilled wor kers and they can form a cooperative, which will supply labourers to contractors whenever required. Up gradation of roads and community development programs in the project plan will benefit the communities at large. 7.5 .8 Mitigati on a nd Enhancement Measu res Most of the mitigation measures can be incorporated as good engineering practice during the design phase itself thus ensuring the mainstreaming of social concerns early in the project. Adherence to design drawing and specifications will reduce; t o within acceptable levels, the adverse impacts during construction. 7.5 .9 R&R Budget It has already been stated that the list of affected properties is yet to be firmed up. However, a tentative estimate of cost for Rehabilitation & Resettlemen t has be en worked out to INR. 18.70 Crores for which covers all components of compensation, assistance and entitlements. 7.5 .10 Project Impact Zone The road users and the population benefited / affected by the project roads are mainly the persons, who general ly pass through or use the existing road / proposed alignment for their daily needs. The majority of the direct beneficiaries of the project reside in the vicinity of the road alignment, within approximately 5 km radius from the road alignment. In or der to carry out SES and conduct FGDs for preparing Social Analysis, the project impact zone has been defined as : 1. Direct impact involves the habitations existing along the project road and 2. Indirect impacted habitations will involve those within 1 km on either of the project road.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 30

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7. 5 .10.1 Socio - economic profiling The majority of the potentially affected / benefited persons living in the project influence zone frequently travel down the existing roads or proposed alignment of the subprojects. Their purpose of visit brings them generally to the prominent market places by the roadside or transport boarding points either side of the road. Other beneficiaries also pass through the important junctions of the feeder roads connecting the project r oads / proposed alignment. These junction points served as the clusters from where sample households and meetings were selected. Besides, administrative offices, places of worship, community structures, such as Anganwadi centers , in the major settlement s within the project impact zone were also taken into considerations for holding FGD / Key Informant Interview (KII). The project influence area (PIA) of National Highway covers parts of four district s in Chhattisgarh state i.e. Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts . T he District and Tehsil wise influenced habitations falling under d irect and indirect influence zone has been attached as Annexure VIII . 7.5 .11 Conclusions The proposed development will have overall positive impacts due to cons truction of new six lane road starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh from Ch 0.000 km to Ch 124.661 . The major impacts of pr oject include la nd acquisition (agricultural land ). Due consideration have been given to environmental and socio - economic issue during designing phase of the project. Some adverse environmental impacts have been identified which are likely to occur dur ing construction phase. Those impacts will be temporary and short lived and can be mitigated effectively by implementing suggested mitigation measures. The project provides scope for environmental enhancement of the area. Green belt development along th e roads has been incorporated in the project which will serve screen for air and noise pollution generated due to vehicular traffic, but at the same time it will also enhance the overall environmental quality of adjacent areas all along the project corr idor. In order to ease the passage of cattle from one side of project roads to other, sufficient numbers of underpasses have been provided for cattle movements as well as for local traffic. Service roads have been provided along the project road section s which will avoid accidents due to direct collision of traffic coming from approach roads to highways. Improvement in the existing culverts has been proposed to provide better cross drainage in the area. Based on the SIA study and surveys conducted for the Project, it can be safely concluded that associated potential adverse impacts can be mitigated to an acceptable level by adequate

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 31

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

implementation of the measures as stated in the SIA Report. Adequate provisions shall be made in the project to cover the mitigation and monitoring requirements, and their associated costs as suggested in the budget. The proposed project shall improve Road efficiency and bring economic growth. With the above approach to design, construction and operation the project wi ll be socially feasible . 7.6 CENSUS AND SOCIO - ECONOMIC SURVEY The objective of the census and socio - economic survey were prepare the list of the project affected households and prepare the socio - economic profile of the project affected persons for evolv ing the entitlement framework The cut - off date for eligibility for entitlements for non - title holders is the date of the commencement of census surveys for all the district s of six lane Green Field from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur distri ct and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh . The date of publication of Notification under section 3A (I) of NH Act will be the cut - off date for the legal titleholders. The study time frame can be broadly divided into two phases comprising of Phase I to include secondary data search, Reconnaissance survey, Social strip mapping; and Phase II to include census and socio - economic surveys for titleholders. The analysis of the data has been p resented in the following sections for the titleholders separately . 7.6 .1 Survey of Project Affected families 7.6 .1.1 Project Affected Structure The surveys for the Structure have been carried out under the four categories namely Tube well Hou se, Commer cial, Residential and Others . The total project affected families are identified were 81 covering residential and commercial areas , Wells and temples . The distribution of project affected structures is gi ven in Table 7.3 . Table 7.3 : Distribution of usage of structures

SL No Affected Structure LHS RHS Total 1 Residential 27 24 51 2 Commercial 2 1 3 3 Well 8 3 11 4 Temple 8 8 16 Total 81 Source: Primary survey ( December 2019 – February 20 20 )

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 32

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

a. Type of Project Affected Structures Table 7. 4 presents the distribution of type of structures about 23 Structures are P ucca, 12 Structures are Semi - Pucca and 19 are kaccha/Hut structure . Table 7. 4 : Classification of Project affected Families as per Structure Slabs

Sl No Type LHS RHS Total 1 Pucca 12 11 23 2 Semi Pucca 7 5 12 3 Kaccha /Hut 10 9 19 Total 54 Source: Primary survey ( December 2019 – February 20 20 )

7.66.1.2 Ownership category The number of project affected households identified under these two categories i.e. Owners and Tenants are given in T able 7. 5 . Table 7.5 : Ownership

Type of Family Numbers Owners 51 Tenants 0 3 Total 54 Source: Primary survey (December 2019 – February 2020)

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 33

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.6.2 Socio - Economic Characteristics PA F s and PAP s The socio - economic characteristics of the titleholder PAFs have be en analyzed district - wise with respect to the following characteristics:

 Type of Family

 Project Affected Families

 Educational Status

 Sex Ratio

 Religious status

 Marital Status

 Occupational Pattern

 Income Categories

 Social Vulnerability 7.6 .2.1 Type of Fa mily Table 7. 6 below presents the distribution of Project affected households of as per the type of family i.e. nuclear and joint. Table 7. 6 : Type of Family

Type of Family Numbers Nuclear 06 Joint 48 Total 54 Source: Primary survey (December 2019 – February 2020)

7.6.2.2 Project affected families Table 7. 7 below present the distribution of PAFs and PAPs as per the number of projects affected using the definition of family as per the R&R policy. Table 7. 7 : Number of Project Affected Families and Person

PAF s/PAPs Numbers Number of PAFs 54 Number of PAPs 270 (Avg) Source: Primary survey (December 2019 – February 2020)

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 34

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7. 6 .3 Education Status Table 7. 8 below gives the distribution of total project affected population with respect to the educational statu s. Table 7.8 : Educational Status of the titleholders PA P s

Education level District s Upto Upto 9 th & 11 th & Total Illiterate Graduates 5th 8th 10th 12th Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and 124 27 14 32 41 32 270 Kondagaon districts Source: Primary survey (Dece mber 2019 – February 2020)

7. 6 .4 Sex Ratio Table 7. 9 present s the sex ratio of PAPs . Table 7.9 : Sex Ratio of PAPs

Total Population Male Female 275 147 128 Source: Primary survey (December 2019 – February 2020)

7. 6 .5 Religious Status The district wise Religious status of the affected families getting affected due to project is presented in Table 7.1 0 . Table 7.10 : Religious Status of PA F s

Religion Numbers Hindu 227 Muslim 48 Total 275 Source: Primary survey (December 2019 – February 2020)

7.6. 6 Occu pational Pattern The occupation pattern of the PA P s is given in Table 7.1 1 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 35

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table 7.11 : Occupation of PA P s

Occupation Number of Persons Business 30 Government Job 14 Farmer /Labour 92 Housewife 54 Private Job 1 6 Unemployed 20 Student 08 Child (0 - 6 yr) 34 Retired 07 Total 275 Source: Primary survey (December 2019 – February 2020)

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 36

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.6. 7 Income Category The PAFs have been classified as per income slab given in Table 7.1 2 below. Table 7.12 : Distribution of PA F s as per income slabs

Annually income Slab Number of Households <=50000 208 50001 - 100000 37 100001 - 200000 16 200001 - 300000 08 300001 - 500000 06 Above 500001 -- Total 275 Source: Primary survey (December 2019 – February 2020)

7.6 .8 Common Property Resources The detail of Common Propert y Details is presented in T able 7.1 3 . Table 7.13 : Common Property Details

S. No. Common Property Resource (CPR) by type Nos. 1 Temple 16 2 Ponds 08 4 Well 11 Total 35 Source: Primary survey (December 2019 – February 2020)

7.6 .9 Social Stratification Table 7.1 4 presents the analysis of data with respect to social stratification like OBC, SC, ST and General are covered. Table 7.14 : Social Stratification

Vulnerability Numbers General 81 OBC 12 SC 84 ST 98 Total 275 Source: Primary survey (Decem ber 2019 – February 2020)

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 37

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.7 LAND ACQUIS I TION 7.7 .1 Introduction This chapter assesses the nature, type and magnitude of the potential social impacts likely along the project corridor. For the assessment of impacts, the baseline information based on the field visits and the primary surveys were carried out. This section identifies and assesses the probable impacts on different social issues due to the proposed development. After studying the existing scenario, reviewing the process and related sta tutory norms, the major impacts can be identified and shall be mitigated in the forthcoming phases. Most of the impacts though shall be perceived during construction and operation phase. 7.7 .2 Land Acquisition: Legal Framework The first attempt to lega lly acquire land was made in 1824, through Regulation 1 of 1824 applicable to immediate subject of presidency of Fort William. The rules empowered government to acquire immovable property for public purposes . • Provisions of 1824 were extended to Calcutta through Act I of 1850. Act XLII was brought to enable the provisions of regulation I of 1824 to be used for acquiring land for construction of railways • Building Act XXVII of 1839, Act XX of 1852 was introduced to obviate the difficulties to particular citi es of Bombay and Madras • Act VI of 1857 was the first full enactment, which had application to the whole of British India. It repealed all previous enactment relating to acquisition and its object. • Principle of Arbitration was introduced for the first time through Act VI of 1857, but procedure for making a reference to the arbitrator was found unsatisfactory and then came Act X of 1870. For the first time a detailed procedure for the acquisition of land were provided in 1870 Act. Rules were also framed for t he determination of an amount of compensation. The provisions of the 1870 Act did not satisfy the needs of the day and eventually the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (I of 1894) was enacted repealing the 1870 Act. In India, the land acquisition and its compe nsation are generally governed by the Land Acquisition Act (1894), which has been amended from time to time. However, for the purpose of maintenance, sustenance and management of National Highways, a Special act, The National Highways Act (NH Act), 1956 has been promulgated. This Act provides for acquiring the land through "competent authority" which means any person or authority authorized by the Central Govt. by notification in the official

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 38

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Gazette to perform functions of the competent authority for such areas as may be specified in the notifications. For LA, the Act defines the various procedures as follows: (I) section 3A – intention of Central Govt. to acquire land, (ii) 3B - power to enter for survey, (iii) 3C - hearing of objections (iv) 3D - declaration of acquisition, (v) 3E - power to take possession, (vi) 3F - power to enter into the land where land has vested in the central government, (vii) 3G - determination of compensation and (viii) 3F - deposit and payment of the amount. The act requires that the processes must be completed within a year from 3A to 3D. Although NH act significantly reduces the timeframe for acquisition, the rules and principles of compensation have been derived from the LA Act of 1894. The Act covers only lega l titleholders and provides for (i) market value of the land; (ii) additional amount for trees, crops, houses or other immovable . Provision of direct purchase of land from landowners in case where additional land requirement is very less (minimal) may a lso be considered. However, resettlement and rehabilitation benefits available to affected persons whose land would be acquired under the statute shall also be available to those affected persons whose land would be acquired through direct purchase. Pro perties; (iii) damage due to severing of land, residence, place of business. 7.7 .3 Land Acquisition Planning For Subproject Based on outcome of the Feasibility Study, Social and Environmental Screening Exercise, the proposed alignment was finalized and geometric design of highway was completed accordingly. Initially, the numbers of affected villages were identified as per the alignment. All the village kasara maps were collected from the local revenue offices. The village kasara maps were thoroughly r eviewed and verified in the field. At by - pass location, realignment sections, ROB location the stacking of alignment was done by survey expert at site with the help of pegs and reference pillars. The stacked alignment was then transferred on kasara maps with respect to ground survey by land acquisition team and rechecked for correctness. The Land Acquisition Plan (LAP) was prepared accordingly. Based on the identified land plots by land acquisition team, local revenue officials were consulted to colle ct the names of owners of each plot. The details are available under the LA Plan prepared for the purpose of this project as a separate document.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 39

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.7 .4 Impact on Structures

Based on socio - economic survey, a total of 54 structures lie within 35 meters of either side of the centerline of proposed National Highway . The structures are residential, commercial tube well house and farm houses in their nature. 7.7 .5 Type of Land Being Acquired For the Project The land being acquired for the subproject is of v arious types such as Government land, Private land , Private + Government and Forest land . The Total Area for the project is 684.475 Ha .

7.7 .6 Impact o f Land Acquisition The analysis of the impact of land acquisition can be categorized into following s ubheads:

 Loss of Land (Private and Government)

 Loss of farm produces (standing crops)

 Loss of Structures 7.7 .6.1 Loss of Land (Private and Government) The project will involve the acquisition of agriculture land and other lands in the boundary of differe nt villages of the project area. The initiation of the project will have direct impact on village communities and other neighboring villages. The land to be acquired for the proposed project consists of agricultural land, trees and community land under village panchayats, various structures of public interest, residential structures and residential plots, public utilities and others. Further, there would be change in the land use pattern, as land use will be diverted from agricultural land to road con struction activity. Quite a number of families would lose settled agricultural land. The livelihood of these families in most cases depends on the produce of their land. The total land requirement for the project is 684.475 Ha . . 7 .7 .6.1.1 Loss of Farm Pr oduce The stretch has relatively prosperous Agricultural land on either side of the highway. Acquisition of land will result in loss of crops. As land will be acquired in a phased manner, the owners will be able to cultivate some part of their land till construction time permits. They will be allowed to harvest produce and cash compensation will be paid for crops acquired at a price fixed by the Government.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 40

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.7 .6.1.2 Loss of Residential Houses The project requires the demolition of residential house s and commercial properties. These will be acquired and compensation paid before the start of project. 7.7 .6.1.3 Loss of Income Those losing agricultural lands will lose income opportunity. However, this will be a permanent setback, unless provided with adequate compensation amount and / or training facilities for new trades with sufficient seed capital. 7. 8 MITIGATION & ENHANCEMENT MEASURES 7.8 .1 Introduction Most of the mitigation measures can be incorporated as good engineering practice during the design phase itself thus ensuring the mainstreaming of social concerns early in the project. Adherence to design drawing and specifications will reduce; to within acceptable levels, the adverse impacts during construction . 7.8 .2 Mitigation Measures Propo sed The following considerations may be kept in view at the design stage:

 Construction and Up gradation of approach roads to the highway .

 Up gradation of the existing road .

 Ambulance service to transport serious cases to district hospital in case of accid ents . 7. 8 .2.1 General

 VUP and PUP has been proposed for every 500m so the farmers can assess their field frequent.

 Wherever possible, displacement shall be reduced or avoided altogether by sensitive design of civil works (e.g. alternative d e signs or modif ication to the design). 7.8 .2.2 Land Acquisition - Mitigation Measures Based on the survey conducted and information on ROW obtained so far, the land required for widening of the existing road and acquisition to provide a 70 m wide PROW including for the project shall include agricultural, desert, barren / fallow lands governmental and other lands under private ownership. Due to the ribbon development almost all throughout the area, care shall be taken to minimize land acquisition. In order to mitigate the ensuing negative impacts of the land acquisition a Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) policy shall be prepared based on the

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 41

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

RFCTLARR - 2013. The salient features of the mitigation measures are:

 Where displacement is unavoidable, those displaced wi ll have their living standard improved.

 PAPs will be compensated, at replacement cost, for assets lost. Adequate social and physical infrastru c ture will be provided.

 PAPs and lost community would be encouraged to participate in the impleme n tation of RAP. 7 .8 .3 Enhancement Opportunities Enhancements specifically refer to these positive actions to be taken up during the implementation of the project for the benefit of the road users and the communities living close to project road alignment. The following enhancement opportunities have been explored as part of the detailed project report:

 Bus bay and Truck lay - bay .

 Wayside amenities .

 Introduction of ambulance services to transport serious accident cases .

The enhancements shall be carried out with the fo llowing objectives:

 To enhance the appeal of the project road considers to the users;

 To enhance visual quality along the highway; and

 To generate goodwill amongst the local community towards the project, by the enhancement of common property resources .

7. 8 .4 Proposed Action Plan The proposed action plan for social assessment would include the following:

 A Census and Socio - Economic survey of the Project Affected Persons based on the Corridor of Impact and alignments provided by the design engineers.

 Ana lysis of the Primary and secondary data.

 Preparation of the Social impact Assessment (SIA). 7.8 .5 Implementation o f R AP The implementation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is primarily envisaged, as a participatory exercise where the consulting NGO is r esponsible for the implementation of RAP is expected to play a role of secondary stakeholder or in

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 42

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

other words the implementing agency would be a partner in the whole exercise. The role of the implementing NGO would be to mitigate the adverse effects o f the project, both, from the NHAI perspective, to ensure timely completion of the road construction, and, from the perspective of affected people, to ensure that their rehabilitation process is taken up in a right spirit with a comprehensive livelihood system and these people are able to take advantages of the options available. The prime responsibility of the implementing agency is to ensure that each and every eligible project affected person receive appropriate and due entitlement within the over all framework of R&R policy and entitlement matrix and the PAPs have improved (or at least restored) their previous standard of living by the end of the RAP implementation process. 7.8 .5.1 Stages of RAP Implementation: A Methodological Framework The o bjective of the project is to construct the new high way aimed at economic and social development of the region. One of the key activities in the project cycle is the implementation of Resettlement Action Plan with an objective of minimizing the adverse impact of the project implementation on the lives of people living in the project area. The R&R policy envisages that the project - affected families (PAFs) are to be resettled and rehabilitated so that the adverse impact due to proposed improvement of th e road gets minimized . The stepwise methodology for implementation of the RAP has been shown through a flow chart . 7.8 .5.1.1 Training and Capacity Building of Project Staff As a first step, it is essential to build the capacity of our staff i.e. Team Le ader, Supervisors, Engineers, Village level workers etc. The aspects of training to be imparted would include social impact assessment survey, conducting focus group discussions, community participation, PRA/RRA, relocation of common property resources etc. 7. 8 .5.1.2 Focus Group Discussion, Awareness Campaign and Dissemination of Information In order to make the RAP implementation process transparent as per NHAI guidelines, a series of FGDs/ meetings etc would be organized with all stakeholders fo r dissemination of information regarding rehabilitation process and entitlement framework. The RAP policy will be printed in local language i.e. Telugu as well as English and the same will be distributed to the PAFs in order to make the process transpar ent .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 43

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7. 8 .5.1.3 Rehabilitation of Affected Families and Restoration of Income and Livelihood Rehabilitation of all the PAFs is one of the critical tasks of the project implementation process in order to help the communities derive the maximum benefits o ut of the project without losing their livelihoods and the least impact on socio - cultural aspects of their lives. It includes livelihood analysis, preparation and implementation of a comprehensive livelihood support plan and development of a comprehensi ve livelihood support system. This process must result in improved or at least restored living standards, earning capacity or improve the quality of life of the people affected by the project. Accordingly, rehabilitation will be conceived and shall be i mplemented as a development programme with particular attention to the needs of women headed h ouseholds and vulnerable groups. Organizing the economic activities would be according to the skills possessed by the affected families and in case such optio ns are not economically viable, the corresponding skill up gradation support for the economic ac tivities would be facilitated. The PAP will be free to choose to act as individuals or as informal groups like SHGs for accessing credit, Milk Producer Group s (MPGs), Agriculture Commodities (like vegetable, pulse, wheat) Processing Groups etc or as co - operatives, with their overall operating efficiency and viability of the livelihood options chosen by them . In context of the socio - economic profile of the region, their existing activity base and the skills, efforts should also be made to ensure that the groups are resettled in a manner so that their backward and forward linkages in the activities performed by them are maintained and they are provided sup port in improving their income through support of other government sponsored programs also . 7.9 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK & GRIVENCE REDRESSAL MECHINASIM 7.9 .1 Introduction The institutional mechanism for the effective implementation of the project in gen eral and R&R activities in particular is envisaged on partnership model whereby each and every agency/ institution proposed at various levels supplement and complement each other efforts. The key elements in designing these institutional mechanisms are transparency in operation, collaboration/ sharing of responsibilities with clearly defined roles, involvement of key stakeholders and vertical and horizontal linkages amongst various institutions/ agencies, as given in Figure 7. 1 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 44

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

ProjectProject AuthorityAuthority CE CE

(PIC)PIC, NHAI NHAI

SE (Designated Social officer) NHAI supported by EE(R&R)

Social /R&R officer Regional Officer, (PMC) NHAI

SCHM (CE) (General PIU (State RCD, headed by CE NH Project related Wing and designated Nodal Officer) Issues ) M&E Agency (Third Supported by Land Acquisition party) and

PST/PIU -- SDE/ AE (Designated as R&R Officer) Officer)

NGO / Consultancy Firm

Figure 7.1 : Institutional Arrangement for RAP Implementation

The proposed Institutional Arrangements will be set up at thr ee levels viz., (Central Govt.), State Level and Sub - Project Level.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 45

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.9 .2 Central Level Ins titutional Arrangement At Central Level, the Chief Engineer (PIC), NH, Govt. of India will be overall responsible for the implementation of RAP. Chief Engineer (PIC) will have all delegated administrative and financial decisions with regard to implement ation of the project as well as land acquisition, RAP implementation Institutional arrangement at Central Level will include augmenting the capacity of NHAI with regard to resettlement and rehabilitation. A team comprising Superintending Engineer desig nated as Social Development Specialist (SDS) and a suitable number of Technical and Secretarial Staff will assist CE (PIC). The designated SDS will be directly involved in the implementation of RAP. The SDS will ensure that all resettlement and rehabili tation issues are complied with as per the RPF. The roles and responsibility of the SDS would broadly include the following:

 Assist technical team at Central Level in finalizing the RAP and Land Acquisition Plan.

 Guide and supervise in matters related to resettlement and rehabilitation to state and subproject level offices.

 Compile data related to resettlement and rehabilitation activities received from field offices and update reporting officer and suggest suitable measures to be taken.

 Interact with RA P implementation agency on a regular basis.

 Undertake field visits as and when required.

 Facilitate necessary help needed at site with regard to LA and R&R issues.

 Co - ordinate with state government department in matters related to implementation of R&R.

 En sure budgetary provision for resettlement and rehabilitation of EPs and relocation, rehabilitation and reconstruction of common property resources (CPRs) and implementation of RAP.

 Ensure timely release of budget for implementation of RAP.

 Monitor implemen tation of RAP carried out by the agency through RRO.

 Perform other roles and responsibilities related to implementation of RAP as assigned by the CE (PIC) from time to time.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 46

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Ensure free, prior and informed consultation with Tribal families along the projec t and also ensure that sufficient supporting documentation is maintained. 7. 9 .3 State Level Institutional Arrangement At State Level, a Land Acquisition cum Social Development Officer will be appointed to provide assistance to the designated Nodal Office r of PIU, Road Construction Department, and Government of Chhattisgarh . The roles and responsibility of the LA cum SDO would broadly include the following:

 Facilitate land acquisition and RAP implementation,

 Guide and supervise RAP implementation at su b - project level,

 Interact with RAP implementation agency and undertake field visits for first - hand information,

 Compile data on LA progress and resettlement and rehabilitation activities received from field offices and update reporting officer and suggest suitable measures to be taken,

 Co - ordinate with various government departments in matters related to implementation of RAP,

 Check implementation of RAP carried out by the agency from time to time by undertaking site visits and consultations with PAPs,

 Per form other roles and responsibilities related to implementation of RAP as assigned by the Reporting Officer from time to time . 7.9 .4 Sub - Project Level Institutional Arrangements A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) comprising officials of State PWD will be constituted at subproject level headed by the Superintending Engineer/ Executive Engineer designated as Project Director. The PIU will be responsible for the project execution including RAP implementation. There will be a designated or appointed Reset tlement & Rehabilitation Officer (RRO) at respective PIUs who will be responsible only for the implementation of RAP at site. No other roles and responsibilities will be assigned to RRO other than resettlement and rehabilitation. RRO will assist Project Director at PIU and RRS at Central Level in all matters related to resettlement and rehabilitation. The roles and responsibilities of the Resettlement and Rehabilitation Officer are as under:

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 47

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Ensure RAP implementation with assistance from implementation agency as per the time line agreed upon.

 Interact with RAP implementation agency on a regular basis.

 Undertake field visits with implementation agency from time to time.

 Facilitate necessary help needed at site with regard to LA and R&R issues to implanta tion agency.

 Co - ordinate and district administration and other departments in matters related to implementation of R&R.

 Ensure distribution of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy to PAPs.

 Ensure and attend meetings organized by implementation agency on related to awareness and dissemination of information on resettlement and rehabilitation policy and entitlements.

 Ensure inclusion PAPs who could not be enumerated during census but have documentary evidence to be included in the list of EPs.

 Ensure timely preparation of micro - plan from RAP implementation agency and approval from Head Office.

 Ensure preparation of identity cards and distribution of the same to EPs.

 Ensure disbursement of resettlement and rehabilitation assistance in a transparent manner.

 Pa rticipate in meetings related to resettlement and rehabilitation issues.

 Facilitate in opening of joint account of EPs.

 Prepare monthly progress report related to physical and financial progress of implementation of RAP & submit to Head Office.

 Ensure rel ease of compensation and assistance before taking over the possession of land for start of construction work

 Assist and facilitate aggrieved PAPs (for compensation and assistance) by bringing their cases to GRC,

 Facilitate in opening of joint account of PA Ps,

 Generate awareness about the alternative economic livelihood and enable PAPs to make informed choice,

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 48

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Consultations with PAPs regarding the choice of resettlement (i.e. self or assisted), development of resettlement site, participation of women, etc.

 I dentify training needs of PAPs for income generation and institutions for imparting training,

 Consultations with local people and Panchayati Raj Institutions with regard to relocation, rehabilitation, reconstruction of affected CPRs as well as availability of new facilities under the project,

 Participate in various meetings,

 Submit monthly progress report, and

 Any other activities that may be required for the implementation of RAP . 7.9 .5 Coordination with Other Agencies a nd Organizations R&R Cell will esta blish important networking relationships with many departments and organizations. The Revenue Department has an influencing role in Land Acquisition proceedings, and initiation of resettlement process. Unless the compensation process is prompt and effic ient, implementation process will get delayed. R&R Cell will coordinate with the Project Land Acquisition Officer to expedite the land acquisition process. Income restoration will be sole responsibility of the project authority. NGO will facilitate lin kages to be established with the government poverty alleviation programs to restore the income of PAPs. Restoration of community assets such as hand pumps, bore wells, drainage facilities will require help from Jal Nigam. Where schools are affected, coo rdination will be required from the District Offices of Education Department. Considering the above, NHAI will extensively work on developing lateral linkages for mobilization of resources to benefit the PAPs and to achieve the desired results expected from implementation of RAP. 7.9 .6 Role of Other Agencies Various government department and public agencies, particularly the Revenue Department, Rural Development and Financial Institutions, have an important role in implementing the RAP. The Revenue D epartment is responsible for providing land records, acquiring land and other properties and handing them over to the proper authorities. The District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) will extend the RD and other developmental schemes to include the PAPs . The representative of these departments/agencies will be in contact with the R&R Cell, which will facilitate the integration of the various agencies, involved in the R&R process.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 49

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.9 .7 Grievance Redressal Mechanism (G RM ) The RAP Provides for a mechani sm to ensure that the benefits are effectively transferred to the beneficiaries. However, need also exists for an efficient grievance redressal mechanism which will assist the APs in resolving queries and complaints. Land Acquisition will take place acc ording to NH Act 1956 (Amended 1988). Compensation and entitlements will be paid according to NPRR (2007). Any disputes or grievances will be addressed through the grievance redressal mechanism proposed here. Detailed Investigation will be undertaken wh ich may involve field investigation with the concerned APs. The GRCs are expected to resolve the grievances of the eligible persons within a stipulated time. The decision of the GRCs is binding, unless vacated by court of law. The GRC will be constitut ed by the Project Authority with the aim to settle as many disputes as possible through consultations. There will be one GRC for each PIU. The GRC will comprise five members headed by a retired Magistrate not below the rank of SDM. Other members of the GRC will include a retired PWD Officer (not below the rank of Executive Engineer), RRO, representative of PAPs and Sarpanch (Elected Head of Village) of the concerned village. Grievances of EPs in writing will be brought to GRC for redressal by the RAP implementation agency. The RAP implementation agency will provide all necessary help to PAPs in presenting his/her case before the GRC. The GRC will respond to the grievance within 15 days. The GRC will normally meet once in a month but may meet more fr equently, if the situation so demands. A time period of 45 days will be available for redressing the grievance of EPs. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to EPs. This means the decision of the GRC does not debar EPs taking recourse to court of law, if he/she so desires. Broa d functions of GRC are as under :

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 50

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Record the grievances of EPs, categorize and prioritize them and provide solution to their grievances related to resettlement and rehabilitation assistance.

 The GRC may undertake site visit, ask for relevant information from Project Authority and other government and non - government agencies, etc in order to resolve the grievances of EPs.

 Fix a time frame within the stipulated time period of 45 days for resolving the grievance.

 Inform EPs thro ugh implementation agency about the status of their case and their decision to EPs and Project Authority for compliance. The GRC will be constituted within 3 months by an executive order from competent authority (center/ state) from the date of mobilizat ion of RAP implementation agency. The RRO will persuade the matter with assistance from implementation agency in identifying the suitable persons from the nearby area for the constitution of GRC. Secretarial assistance will be provided by the PIU as and when required.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 51

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Grievance Redressal Mechanism

BROAD F U N C T I O N S

RECORD, UNDERTAKE FIELD FIX A TIMEFRAME CONVEY DECISION VISITS, ASK FOR CATEGORIZE AND TO RESOLVE THE OF GRC TO PAPS IN RELEVANT PAPERS, PRIORITISE GRIEVANCE WITHIN WRITING ETC AS REQUIRED GRIEVANCES STIPULATED TIME PERIOD

Figure 7.2 : Grievance Redressal Mechanism

7.9 .8 Suggestions and Complaint Handling Mechanism (S CHM ) Being an inter - state project involving several states and large scale of civil works along with R&R and Environment issues, the project is likely to receive many suggestions, complaints, inquiries, etc through the project implementation period. The NHAI recognizes the importance of this and hence intends to establish a SCHM for the NH.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 52

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Tho ugh the Right to Information Act, 2005 an Act of the Parliament of India provides for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens. The Act applies to all States and Union Territories of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmi r. Under the provisions of the Act, any citizen may request information from a "public authority" (a body of Government or "instrumentality of State") which is required to reply expeditiously or within thirty days. The Act also requires every public au thority to computerize their records for wide dissemination and to pro - actively publish certain categories of information so that the citizens need minimum recourse to request for information formally. In other words under the act, citizens have right t o seek information from concerned agencies by following the set procedures. However, it is quite likely that many people may not use the provisions of this Act, only in limited cases covering serious concerns. Therefore, NHAI has agreed to establish SCH M as a good practice to address public concerns pertaining to various issues. Several communication channels viz., toll free phone number, dedicated email, mechanism for on line submission of suggestions/complaints/inquiries, provision of suggestion/com plaint box (at site and project office), post and other suitable means shall be set up for suggestion and complaint handling . Right from beginning of project implementation, the appointed NGO / consultancy firm shall disseminate the information regardi ng establishment of Suggestions and Complaint Handling Mechanism for this project among the Project affected / benefited peoples. The appointed NGO / consultancy firm will explain the process through various applicable mode to be followed / adopted by t he peoples for filing complains & suggestion. 7.9 .9 Information Campaign Attention of the PAPs will be invited to the proposed redressal system for a quick, inexpensive and amicable settlement of claims for enhanced compensation. They will also be advi sed to get their records of rights updated. All possible efforts will be put forth to motivate the affected landowners and structure owners for a voluntary and amicable settlement of their claims outside the court.

Most of the issues will be settled ou t of court as far as possible. Hand - outs will be distributed among all the affected persons highlighting the prospects of amicable settlement of dispute in question, outside the court, speedy and at lesser expense along with the timetable of inquiries a nd spots inspections of the committee. Besides, public announcements will be made in affected areas. Press notes will be released in local newspapers to aid publicity.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 53

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.10 GENDER ISSUES AND WOMEN PARTICIPATION 7.10 .1 General There are two important asp ects of project where gender issues are required to be addressed. It is expected that in development project, women are going to experience socio - economic impacts due to acquisition of land for the project as well as during the construction of the proje ct. Impacts on women due to land acquisition have been addressed in the following section. ‘Women’s Participation’ deals with the aspects of the project on RAP and during the construction phase. Women as a vulnerable group, woman - headed households, liv elihood and training for women, etc., feature in other Sections of the Report also. Involvement of women in the project, even beyond the scope of RAP, has been foreseen, especially during the construction of the project highway. However, there is no co nsideration for addressing gender issues in the RAP for construction period. A try has been made here to bring this into the notice of the implementers. This has been done especially predicting the situation during the construction period. This is to be noted here that post - project provisions as mentioned in the RAP has been done keeping in mind the well - being of mostly the affected women along with women of the host communities. Thus, these relate to resettlement and rehabilitation. Whereas, gender i ssues in the construction phase will mostly concern the women workers who will be engaged in the road construction activities. These women workers are expected to come from outside being engaged by the construction contractors and will be staying in the construction camps during the construction. There may be participation from local women also in the construction activities. 7.10 .2 Impact o n Women While women constitute around 45 % of the affected and displaced population in the project area, they are neglected from the socio - economic development point of view. Socio - economic parameters like literacy, work force participation rate, and general health conditions etc. reveals that social status of women is very backward in the project area and thereby brought forward the scope of considering the households headed by women as vulnerable

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 54

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Women headed households are found to be less in number in the project area. The percentages of such families affected are around 10 %. For the cause of compensation a nd assistance to be provided to these households, it is better to consider the absolute number of such families in the affected and displaced categories. The details of the affected women headed household have been presented in Table 7.1 5 . Table 7.1 5 : Affected Women Headed household

Affected WHH Summary Numbers Women Titleholder 28 Total 28 Source: Primary survey ( December 2019 - February 2020 )

7.10 .3 Participation of Women i n Project The Gender - related Development Index (GDI) value for India is very low and the socio - economic profile of the project area shows much lower socio - economic standing for women. It is imperative to bring the issue of women’s development in the process of socio - economic uplift within the scope of the RAP for sub - projec t. For this a conscious effort should be made towards integrating the issue in the project. 7.10 .4 Impact of Developmental Activities o n Women Women as a vulnerable group has been addressed in the RAP but t o give R&R a proper shape this group should be considered with special emphasis as they constitute half the society’s population and they are found to be the worst affected in most of the developmental projects in our country. Women are involved in the project anyway. However, most of the times, th ey are on the negatively impacted side. Following is the account of the ways women are affected and/or involved in the project

 Women constitute about 10 % of the PAPs.

 The RAP reveals that 28 women headed households (TH & NTH) are affected by the project.

 Women face hardship and continue to suffer in silence during the transition period till the time the families are able to regain the previous living standard. The duration of this process is often lengthened, due to delays in payment of compensation, reh abilitation assistance and implementing the R&R, reconstructing the livelihood systems. Longer the transition period, more are the miseries.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 55

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

As per the R&R Policy as well as looking into the need of the day, women are required to be involved in the proce ss of sustainable development. They have to be integrated in the project as full - fledged participants taking part in all the stages of the project starting from planning through implementation and even in the post - project stages. Only then the process o f development is going to help this section. 7.10 .5 Women Involvement in Development Process through Empowerment The development experience of at least two decades shows that it is equally necessary to consult the women and offer them choices enabling th em to make informed choices and decide for their own development. Participation of women has been envisaged specifically in the following areas:

 In the pre - planning and planning stages participation from women could be sought through allowing them taking part in the consultation process. For this, the local level agencies of implementation, i.e. the NGOs have an important role to play.

 Each field team of the NGO shall include at least one women investigator/facilitator

 Compensation for land and assets los t being same for all the affected or displaced families, special care should be taken by the NGOs for women group while implementing the process of acquisition and compensation as well.

 It is imperative that the PIU ensures that the women are consulted and invited to participate in group based activities, to gain access and control over the resource as a part of the RAP, Additionally,

 From the contractor’s side – Woman inspector of works will be there.

 The NGOs should make sure that women are actually takin g part in issuance of identity cards, opening accounts in the bank, receiving compensation amounts by cheques in their name or not, etc. This will further widen the perspective of participation by the women in the project implementation.

 Under the entitlem ent framework there are a number of provisions kept for compensation and assistances towards the losses incurred upon the impacted women headed households by the project. On the other, some provisions, mostly those of the assistances, have been created tow ards reducing the probable hardship to be experienced by them in the process side by side creating scope for their sustainable socio - economic development.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 56

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 The assistances to be provided to women as a vulnerable group is creating alternative livelihood for them to ensure their sustainable socio - economic upliftment.

 The implementing agencies should provide trainings for upgrading the skill in the alternative livelihoods and assist throughout till the beneficiaries start up with production and business.

 Women' s participation should be initiated through Self - Help Group formation in each of the villages affected by the project. These groups can then be linked to various special development schemes of the State and Central Government.

 For monitoring and evaluation , there should be scope for women’s participation. Monitoring of project inputs concerning benefit to women should involve their participation that will make the process more transparent to them.

 Women should be encouraged to evaluate the project outputs f rom their point of view and their useful suggestions should be noted for taking necessary actions for further modifications in the project creating better and congenial situation for increasing participation from women. All these done in a participatory wa y may bring fruit to this vulnerable group in an expected way. All assistance would be paid in a joint account in the name of both the spouses; except in the case of women headed households and women wage earners. 7.10 .6 Involvement of Women i n Construct ion Activities The construction works for strengthening the proposed project corridor will start after the R&R activities are over and the RoW is clear of any encroachment and land is temporarily acquired for borrow areas and construction camps. The con struction contractors will set up their construction camps on identified locations where labour force required for the construction activities will be provided with temporary residential accommodation and other necessary infrastructure facilities. The labour force required for the construction activities will be mostly of high - skill nature since a lot of machine work will be there in the construction of the highway. In addition, there will be requirement of unskilled labour where women will certainly contribute. Apart from this, women as family members of the skilled and semi - skilled labourers, will also stay in the construction camps and will be indirectly involved during the construction phase. The families of labourers will include their children also.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 57

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

The construction contractors are expected to bring along their labour force. Thus, in most cases the labourers, both male and female, will be migratory labourers. But, the involvement of local labour force, especially for unskilled activities, c annot be fully ruled out. Moreover, the RAP suggests the provision of creation of man - days for local affected people. Hence, there will be involvement of local women also in the local labour force. Foreseeing the involvement of women, both direct and i ndirect in the construction activities, certain measures are required to be taken towards welfare and well - being of women and children in particular during the construction phase. 7.10 .7 Specific Provisions in the Construction Camp for Women The provisi ons mentioned under this section will specifically help all the women and children living in the construction camp.

7.10.7.1 Temporary Housing During the construction the families of labourers/workers should be provided with residential accommodation su itable to nuclear families. 7.10.7.2 Health Centre Health problems of the workers should be taken care of by providing basic health care facilities through health centers temporarily set up for the construction camp. The health center should have at leas t a doctor, nurses, GD staff, medicines and minimum medical facilities to tackle first - aid requirements or minor accidental cases, linkage with nearest higher order hospital to refer patients of major illnesses or critical cases. The health center shoul d have MCW (Mother and Child Welfare) units for treating mothers and children in the camp. Apart from this, the health center should provide with regular vaccinations required for children. 7.10.7.3 Day Crèche Facility It is expected that among the women workers there will be mothers with infants and small children. Provision of a day crèche may solve the problems of such women who can leave behind their children in such a crèche and work for the day in the construction activities.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 58

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

The crèche should b e provided with at least a trained ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme) worker with to look after the children. The ICDS worker, preferably woman, may take care of the children in a better way and can manage to provide nutritional food (as prescri bed in ICDS and provided free of cost by the government) to them. In cases of emergency she, as being trained, can tackle the health problems of the children and can organize treatment linking the nearest health center . 7.10.7.4 Proper scheduling for Con struction work Owing to the demand of a fast construction work it is expected that a 24 hour - long work - schedule would be in operation. Women, especially the mothers with infants should to be exempted from night shifts as far as possible. If unavoidable, crèche facilities in the construction camps must be extended to them in the night shifts too . 7.10.7.5 Educational Facilities The construction workers are mainly mobile groups of people. They are found to move from one place to another taking along thei r families with them. Thus, there is a need for educating their children at the place of their work. For this at least primary schools are required to be planned in the construction camps. Wherever feasible, day crèche facilities could be extended with primary educational facilities. 7.10.7.6 Special Measures for Controlling STD/AIDS Solitary adult males usually dominate the labour force of construction camps. They play a significant role in spreading sexually transmitted diseases. In the construction camps as well as in the neighboring areas they are found to indulge in physical relations with different women. This unhealthy sexual behaviour gives rise to STDs and AIDS. While it is difficult to stop such activities, It is wiser to make provisions fo r means of controlling the spread of such diseases. Awareness camps for the target people, both in the construction camp and neighboring villages as well, and supply of condoms at concession rate to the male workers may help to large extent in this resp ect.

7.10.7.7 Control on Child Labour Minors i.e., persons below the age of 15 years should be restricted from getting involved in the constructional activities. Measures should be taken to ensure that no child labourer is engaged in the activities.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 59

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

E xploitation of young unmarried women is very common in these kinds of camps. A strong vigilance mechanism should be created to check this and ensure ceasing of such exploitation. 7. 10.7.8 Engaging woman Inspector of Works Contractors should engage a woma n Inspector of Works not below the rank of a Senior Engineer to inspect the construction camps and any other component of work with respect to gender issues. She would assist the Resident Engineer (RE) in all aspects of gender and child - labour related a ctivities. She would have a full - time tenure throughout the entire construction period. Her duties should include the preparation of monthly and quarterly reports and submit them to the RE with a copy to th e RO, M oRT&H as well as PIU .

7.11 R&R BUDGET 7 .11 .1 Introduction A consolidated overview of the budget is provided and the cost estimates given below shall be viewed accordingly. The cost estimates for land and structures based on data collected during the survey and contingency provisions have bee n made to take into account variations from this data. The compensation amount for the acquisition of land and structures will be determined by the competent Authority appointed under NH Act 1956. Over and above, the PAF will be entitled for R&R assist ance as per the entitlement framework given in Para 7.2.2 (for Acquisition of long Stretches of land) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition on Resettlement & Rehabilitation 2013 for project affected Families. 7.11 .2 Cost o f Land a nd other Replacement Value The project requires about 684.475 Ha. Hectare of total land for construction of road, junction improvement, curve improvements, lanes taking into the account of revenue rate, market rate and stake holder’s estimatio n, the market value of the land has been assumed during the primary survey. The cost of land, which includes compensation amount, Multiplier Factor 2 - times, solatium of 100%, which become 1.25 times as per RFCTLARR - 2013 Schedule - 1 on Land acquisition es timated to be approx . Rs. 208.91 Crores .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 60

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

7.11 .3 Compensation f or Structures For the loss of building structures, like commercial, residential and Tube well house the titleholder will be compensated at replacement cost. A government approved value has a ssessed the replacement cost. It is premature here to estimate the cost of structures at this stage when census of the properties in land acquisition area is in progress however; compensation for the structures has been calculated during the structure i dentification survey in the project area. The Replacement cost for the structure will be based on the updated Basic Schedule of Rates. 7.11 .4 Provision f or d evelopment o f Community Structures There are 16 nos. of religious structures located along the N ational Highway within the ROW. A lump sum amount of Rs. 10, 00,000/ - has been kept for relocation of religious structures 7.11 .5 Budget It has already been stated that the list of affected properties is yet to be firmed up. However, estimated of land Acquisition and cost for Rehabilitation & Resettlement has been worked out to approx. Rs. 2 08.91 Crores and 18.70 Crores respectively . This covers all components of compensati on, assistance and entitlements . The budget is based on assessment conducted b y the consultant on the market value of land through interviewing Patwaries (Local Revenue Officer) and PAPs: 7.12 CONCLUSION The report on social impact assessment has primarily tried to focus on the relevant legislations, potential impacts due to the proposed project and to propose mitigation measures at different phases of the project. Based on the findings during the study some measures have to be considered from the inception of the project, which will reduce the detrimental effects of project a ppreciably .

 The Greenfield project has been explored in order to find a suitable alignment that has minimum adverse impact on social aspects.

 The alignment for widening has been designed considering minimum land acquisition.

 The proposed project highway tr ied to avoid schools, places of worships, public utilities and other common resources.

 An amicable solution with regard to shifting of religious structures (if required) shall be explored in consultation with community leaders, religious leaders

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 61

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

and other prominent persons in the local area during implementation.

 It will be ensured that the likely affected common properties used by local people are suitably rehabilitated before the start of civil construction work and budgetary provision for the same has be en made in the project estimates. With the above approach to design, construction and operation the project will be socially feasible . 7.1 3 ROAD SIDE SAFETY MEASURES Indian Road Congress (IRC) codes will be followed in proposing and designing road sa fety features. Pavement markings will be done for traffic lane line, edge lines and hatching. The marking will be with hot applied thermoplastics materials. The pavement markings will be reinforced with raised RR pavement markers and will be provided fo r median and shoulder edge longitudinal lines and hatch markings. Highway lightings including high masts will be provided at intersections in order to improve the night time visibility. All the urban locations as well grade separated structure locations will be provided lighting arrangements

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 7 - 62

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, f eeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

N ATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 8 : PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) / National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) have decided to develop Economic Corridors, Inter Corridors, Feeder Routes and Coastal road to improve the efficienc y of freight movement in India under Bharatmala Pariyojana. The Proposed National Highway is planned to connect Chhattisgarh to Andhra Pradesh passing through 03 states i.e. Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh and has been divided into 3 parts: Part 1 in Chhattisgarh state, Part II in Orissa State and Part III in Andhra Pradesh state. This report focuses on Part I i.e. the proposed National Highway starting from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Bader ajpur tehsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh . The proposed National Highway project with new alignment has been envisaged through an area which shall have the advantage of simultaneous development as well as shall result in a shorter dis tance to travel. The junctions with existing road will be planned in the form of interchanges and flyover to ensure uninterrupted flow of traffic.

The proposed project would act as the prime artery for the economic flow to this region. It will enhance eco nomic development, provide employment opportunities to locals, strengthen tourist development, ensure road safety and provide better transportation facilities and other facilities such as way side amenities. Vehicle operating cost will also be reduced due to improved road quality. The compensatory plantation and road side plantation shall further improve the air quality of the region.

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT The environmental benefits from the proposed project have been described below:

 Be tter level of service in terms of improved riding quality and smooth traffic flow.  Faster transportation will ultimately lead to massive savings in the form of reduced wear and tear of vehicles, reduced vehicle operating costs (VOCs) and total reduction in transportation costs etc.  With the improvement of road surface, the traffic congestion due to obstructed movement of vehicles will be minimized and thus wastage of fuel emissions from the vehicles will be reduced.  Increased road landscaping and safety fea tures.  Plantation of tree all along the proposed National Highway will improve the tre e density along the RoW which will improve aesthetics as well as tree s will ac t as a

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 8 - 1

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, f eeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

N ATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

pollution absorber.  The compensatory plantation and road side plantation shall furthe r improve the air quality of the region.

8.3 SOCIO - ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT The socio economic benefits from the proposed project have been described below:  The proposed project would act as the prime artery for the economic flow to this region.  Enhanc ed connectivity between rural & urban population which will benefit the all sections of the society like general population, small - medium - large scale industries, farmers, businessmen etc.  Improved access to higher education facilities & modern health facil ities.  Strengthening of both rural & urban economies which in turn will improve economic scenario of the state and country.  Faster transportation will strengthen tourist development in the area.  Improved road connectivity helps in better implementation and management of government schemes.  With improvement in economy, more generation of employment opportunities.

8.4 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS  Enhanced connectivity between rural & urban population which will benefit the all sections of the society like general pop ulation, small - medium - large scale industries, farmers, businessmen etc.  National highways connect capitals, important places, ports and places of strategic importance of various states.  The rise of interstates coincided with the rise of automobile ownershi p. With more peoples wanting more cars, related technologies will be boomed rapidly .

8.5 ROAD SAFETY The construction of green alignment from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondaga on district in the state of Chhattisgarh will ensure smooth flow of the traffic. Installation of proper road safety system through signage, barricades, and crash barriers will add to be safety to the traffic. Bus bays, truck lay bays , rest areas, underpass es, service roads are proposed in the project, which shall enhance the road safety.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 8 - 2

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, f eeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

N ATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

8.6 REDUCTION IN VEHICLE OPERATING COST Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) will be reduced when the National Highway is constructed . Fuel consumption, wear and tear of tyres, suspension will be benefited when a geometric of the road is improved. VOC consist of the following components.  Fuel consumption  Lubricating oil consumption  Spare part consumption  Tyre consumption  Vehicle depreciation

8.7 INDIRECT BENEFITS In addition to the direct benefits, there are number of indirect benefit attributed to Highway project. Lowering transportation cost for users and improving access to goods and services ena bles new and increased economic and social activity.

The indirect benefits inclu de changes in land use and development, changes in decision on residential area or colonies where land are less expensive or more desirable, changes in development of business in order to take advantage of improved speed and reliability in the transportati on system. These benefits hence lead to increase property values, increased productivity, employment and economic growth.

The indirect benefit of the proposed National Highway would work th rough the dynamic developmental externalities generated through th e forward and backward linkages. Due to the proposed project there will be the better connectivity in Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon district s in the state of Chhattisgarh which will increase the business and will reflect in the changes in the patt ern of economic activities, income generation, price evolution, and employment condition. There w ill be also increase in greater accessibility to market, health and educational facilities .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 8 - 3

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 9 : ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

9 .0 INTRODUCTION: The scope for carrying out EIA Studies and prepare EMP report for Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight move ment in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan has been prescribed vide the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) vide Letter No: 10 - 3/2020 - 1A.III dated 02 nd March 2020 (Refer Annexure - I ). As per SO 1533, dated 14 th September 2006, this chapter is to be prepared if prescribed at scoping stage. But the prescribed sco pe does not require environmental cost benefit analysis.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WIT H CEMC PVT. LTD. 9 - 1

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER - 10 : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

10.1 INTRODUCTION Some additional measures needed to improve the environment are proposed to be undertaken during the project implementation. Such measures are known as environmental enhancements. These relate to improvement of natural, physical and aesthetic environment of roadside. The ‘enhancement measures’, in fact, differ from ‘mitigation measures’. While the former aims at improving the already degraded or mundane ambience, the latter intends to reduce the n egative impacts due to the project. The objective of these measures include: -

 To enhance the appeal of the proposed project ,

 To improve the environmental quality, and

 To generate goodwill amongst local community To achieve these objectives, some suggested measures include: 1. Enhancement of roadside facilities (bus stops, rest areas, etc.) 2. Improvement of aesthetic qualities along the proposed National Highway . 3. Improvement of the local natural resources for local population . 4. Enhancement of cultural properties and access to them . 5. Management of some existing problems . 10.2 ENHANCEMENT OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT The natural environment can be improved by plantation of ornamental and shade providing avenue trees on the roadside, the shrubs and some important herbs besides d eveloping ponds and providing bore wells along the roadside. 10.2.1 Plantation of Trees, Shrubs and Herbs along the proposed High way The plantation of trees can be done in diffe rent densities depending on:

 Habitat and soil type

 Water table depth

 Availability of indigenous species

 S urvival rate of plants and

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 1

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 People’s choice The physical growth characteristics like the form and shape of canopy types, branching patterns, growth rate, colour of flowers, foliage and root characteristics were also the major criteria in the selection of plantation type and densities. Since the natural forests of desired density are lacking in the region , the ecological importance of the roadside plantation becomes increasingly significant . But, what kind of tree species should be selecte d for such plantation has been a debated issue. The acute shortage of forest products provided support to the view point that the strip plantation along the National Highway should be managed primarily to meet the requirement of the local people and indust ries for various forest products. However the consideration of comfort to travelers was given the top priority. 10.2.2 Enhancement of Water Bodies There are number of surface water bodies crossing the project corridor. In order to make these water bodies more ac cessible and enhance the waterfront landscape following measures has been suggested. The water bodies are used for various purposes including bathing, washing, fishing, growing water - fruits, livestock drinking and often irrigating the agricultural fields. The landscape treatment includes

 Provision of stepped access to the edge of water

 Providing flat boulders for washing

 Stone pitching for slope stabilization towards roadside

 Plantation of trees and shrubs for stabilization of pond edge.

 Silt fencing is pr oposed near ponds.

10.3 CONSERVATION STATUS AND BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT The project area does not pass through any protected/reserve forest or wildlife sanctuaries . The natural resource management cannot be successful without the participation of all the stake holders utilizing the resource. So during the field visit to the project area, concerted attempts were made to consult and li sten the stakeholders, such as some visitors and local inhabitants of area and Intersection sites to understand their perception, c oncern and knowledge. The analysis of flora and fauna of the project area indicates that there is no endangered species in the study area.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 2

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

10.3.1 THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY IN THE PROJECT SITE The major threats are enumerated as follows:

 Fragmentation and gradual s hrinkage of wildlife habitat due to expansion of agriculture and economic development activities  Existence of altered habitats in patches or in continuity and further spread on account of changed environment due to climate change and anthropogenic activit ies  Gradual increase in human and livestock population  Limited waterholes  Lack of herbaceous fodder during summer on account of nearly zero rainfall  Unusual soil erosion on the fringes of Park and around wetlands  Human and livestock activities, such as, burning, open grazing and seasonal flooding in the low - lying areas  Exposure to diseases in case of wildlife (least at present) due to exposure to domestic cattle 10.4 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 10.4.1 Construction of Bus Stops B us stops will be constructed for p roviding co mfort to travelers. Following improvement in design of bus stops are suggested :

 Provision of bus bays to prevent the bus from stopping in the carriageway

 Provision of covered, semi - covered and open spaces with seating areas

 Plantation of shade trees to imp rove the microclimate

 The bus stop should be aesthetically pleasing

 Provision of adequate right distances

10.4.2 Developing Truck Stoppage Complex In view of the heavy truck parking activities in midsections, truck stoppage sites/ truck lay byes are suggested at the appropriate locations along the highway. The requirements of truck stoppage complexes are:

 Acquisition of land for developing the complex

 Each complex should hav e some shops covering the repair shops, medicine shops, restaurants, and recreation

 The lo cation of petrol pumps should be close to such complexes

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 3

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Ornamental and shade trees and shrubs to be planted in order to develop the area aesthetically . 10.4.3 Enhancement of Major Road Intersections The road intersections are the main nodal spaces along the corr idor. Proper landscaping of these areas by flowering trees and shrubs will improve the area aesthetically. 10.4.4 Enhancement of Cultural Properties The cultural properties should be viewed as assets contributing towards meaningful and pleasurable traveling exper ience. These are the sites of community and individual sentiments. The landscape and design improvements include:

 Providing and improving access to cultural properties.

 The precincts of such properties should be defined or redefined.

 Provision of parking should be made to avoid haphazard parking activities.

 Seating space and rest areas around the cultural properties to be developed.

 Plantation of trees and shrubs for shade and aesthetics. 10.4.5 Enhancement of Quarries and Borrow Areas The following enhancemen t measures will be undertaken for quarries: - Construction Stage Development of site: To minimize the adverse impact during excavation of material following measures are need to be undertaken: i) Adequate drainage system shall be provided to prevent the floodi ng of the excavated area ii) At the stockpiling locations, the Contractor shall construct sediment barriers to prevent the erosion of excavated material due to runoff iii) Construction of offices, laboratory, workshop and rest places shall be done in the up - wind of the plant to minimize the adverse impact due to dust and noise. iv) The access road to the plant shall be constructed taking into consideration the location of units and also slope of the ground to regulate the vehicle movement within the plant.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 4

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

v) Incase of sto rage of blasting material, all precautions shall be taken as per The Explosive Rules, 1983. Quarry Operations Including Safety i) Overburden shall be removed and disposed on designated site ii) During excavation, slopes shall be flatter than 20 degrees to prevent their sliding. Incases where quarry strata are good and where chances of sliding are less this restriction can be ignored. iii) In case of blasting, procedure and safety measures shall be taken as per The Explosive Rules, 1983 . iv) The contractor shall ensure tha t all workers related safety measures shall be done as per guidelines for Workers and Safety . v) The Contractor shall ensure maintenance of crushers regularly as per manufacturer’s recommendation. Topsoil will be excavated and preserved during transportation of the material . M easures shall be taken to minimize the generation of dust and prevent accidents. Borrow Areas Management Borrow areas will be finalized either form the list of locations recommended during EIA stage or new areas identified by contractor. The finalization of locations identified during EIA identified and may be finalized by contractor depends upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor and its suitability from civil engineering as well as environmental consideration. Meeting the guidelines/notifications as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment , Forest and Climate Change , Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. Besides this certain precautio ns have to be taken to restrict unauthorized borrowing by the contractor. No borrow area shall be opened without permission of the Engineer/EO. The engineer in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteri a before approving the Borrow areas. To avoid any embankment slippage, the borrow areas will not be dug continuously, and the size and shape of borrow pits will be decided by the Engineer. Redevelopment of the borrow areas to mitigate the impacts will b e the responsibility of the contractor. The contractor shall evolve site - specific redevelopment plans for each borrow area location, which shall be implemented after the approval of the Supervision Consultant. To ensure that the spills, which might result from the transport of borrow and quarry materials do not impact the settlements, it will be ensured that the excavation and

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 5

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

carrying of earth will be done during day - time only. The unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials will be maintain ed properly. Borrowing of earth shall be carried out at locations recommended as follows: Non - Cultivable Lands : Borrowing of earth will be carried out upto a depth of 2.0 m from the existing ground level. Borrowing of earth shall not be done continuously. Ridges of not less than 8m width shall be left at intervals not exceeding 300 m. Small drains shall be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. Borrow pits shall have slopes not steeper than 1 vertical in 4 horizontal. Productive Lands : Borrowing of earth shall be avoided on productive lands. However, in the event of borrowing from productive lands, under circumstances as described above, topsoil shall be preserved in stockpiles. The conservation of topsoil shall be carried out as descr ibed in section of this chapter. At such locations, the depth of borrow pits shall not exceed 45 cm and it may be dug out to a depth of not more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm top soil aside. Elevated Lands : At locations where private owners desire t heir fields to be leveled , the borrowing shall be done to a depth of not more than 2 m or up to the level of surrounding fields. Borrow pits along Roadside : Borrow pits shall be located 5m away from the toe of the embankment. Depth of the pit should be suc h that the bottom of the pit shall not fall within an imaginary line of slope 1 vertical to 4 horizontal projected from the edge of the final section of the bank. Borrow pits should not be dug continuously. Ridges of not less than 8 m width should be left at intervals not exceeding 300 m. Small drains should be cut through the ridges to facilitate drainage. Borrow pits on the riverside : The borrow pit should be located not less than 15m from the toe of the bank, distance depending on the magnitude and durat ion of flood to be withstood. Community / Private Ponds : Borrowing can be carried out at locations, where the private owners (or in some cases, the community) desire to develop lands (mostly low - lying areas) for pisciculture purposes and for use as fishpon ds. Borrow Areas near Settlements : Borrow pit location shall be located at least 1.0 km from villages and settlements. If unavoidable, they should not be dug for more than 30 cm and should be drained. After identification of borrow areas based on guideline s. Contractor will fill reporting format as under and submit the same for approval to the “Engineer” Once approved the

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 6

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

contractor will adhere to the recommendation for borrow area to the satisfaction of Engineer. (1) In no case the depth of borrow area should exceed 2m from the existing ground level. (2) Borrow pits slope should be maintained, no steeper than 1 Vertical: 2 Horizontal. (3) Water pooling to be avoided/managed so that NO disease spread due to water stagnation. (4) Precautionary measures as the covering of ve hicles will be taken to avoid spillage during transportation of borrow area. (5) The unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials should be maintained properly for dust suppression. (6) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall p roceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction facility is operating at the place of deposition, to minimize dust pollution. (7) During rains appropriate measures to be taken to minimize soil erosion, silt fencing to be provided as directed by Engineer/E O.

The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre - project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre an d post borrowing status of the area. 10 .4.6 Management Measures for Muck Disposal Sites A large quantum of muck is expected to be generated during the construction of 02 nos. of tunnels in the proposed project highway. A part of muck is proposed to be util ized as a construction material for various project appurtenances. The balance is proposed to be disposed at the designated site. Muck generated from excavation of any project component is required to be disposed in a planned manner so that it takes a lea st possible space and is not hazardous to the environment. In the hilly area, dumping is done after creating terraces thus usable terraces are developed. The overall idea is to enhance/maintain aesthetic view in the surrounding area of the project in post - construction period and avoid contamination of any land or water resource due to muck disposal Various activities proposed as a part of the management plan are given as below: • Land acquisition for muck dumping sites.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 7

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

• Civil works (construction of retainin g walls, boulder crate walls etc.) • Dumping of muck. • Leveling of the area, terracing and implementation of various engineering control measures e.g., boulder, crate wall, masonry wall, catch water drain. • Spreading of soil.

• Application of fertilizers to facilitate vegetation growth over disposal sites For stabilization of muck dumping areas following measures of engineering and biological measures have been proposed. 10 .4.6.1 Engineering Measures It has been observed that after disposal of muck, it crea tes problem as it is susceptible to scattering unless the muck disposal yards are supported with engineering measures such as gabions. All the dumping sites need proper handling to avoid spilling of muck into the river water while dumping and in the post d umping stages. All the muck disposal sites have to be developed from the ground level either by providing stone masonry or by gabion structure. The costing of engineering measures has been worked out based on gabion structure. In all the muck dump sites, t he muck brought in dumpers shall be dumped and manually spread behind the crates and roller compacted in such a manner that rock mass is properly stacked behind the crates with minimum of voids.

• Wire crate wall • Boulder crate wall • R.C.C • Catch Water Drain Suitable retaining walls shall be constructed to develop terraces so as to support the muck on vertical slope and for optimum space utilization. Loose muck would be compacted layer wise. The muck disposal area will be developed in a series of terraces of boulder crate wall and masonry wall to protect the area/muck from flood water during monsoons. In - between the terraces, catch water drain will be provided. The terraces of the muck disposal area will be ultimately covered with fertile soil an d suitable plants will be planted adopting suitable bio - technological measures. 10 .4.6.2 Biological Measures Biological measures, however, require special efforts as the disposed muck will be devoid of nutrients and soil contents to support vegetation. T he selection of soil for spreading over such an area would require nutrient profiling of soil for different base

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 8

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

elements. Suitable mixture of nutrients would be done before placing the soil on the top surface of muck disposal areas to have administered gr owth of forest canopy. • Plantation of suitable tree species and soil binding species • Plantation of ornamental plants • Barbed wire fencing Muck generally lacks nutrients and therefore, are difficult to re - vegetate. However, if no attempts to vege tate the slopes are made, the muck could slide lower down during rain and may eventually wash off the check dams also. Since, top soils are not available in large quantities in hilly terrains of the project area; it may not be possible to apply a thin laye r of soil over the muck. Bio - fertilizer technique developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) can be adopted in the proposed project. 10 .5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Excavated earth/muck is likely to be generated due to road prep aration activities. The muck will also be generated during cutting of road section. All the muck generated will be disposed as per C&D Waste Management rule 2016 and other applicable laws. The objective of this plan is to minimize the various wastes well within the acceptable limit to protect/prevent air, water and soil pollution and provide requirements for the storage, safe disposal, and record keeping for the management of construction waste at proposed project and its related facilities, effective man agement of waste, both liquid and solid, involves identification, segregation collection, storage, reuse, recycle, (treatment by PCB/CPCB Authorized agency) and disposal. This procedure is applicable for all wastes generated from road construction work and its associated facilities viz. base camps, labor camps, store yard. It is understood that waste management will be based on a hierarchy of practices viz. source reduction, reuse, recycling & discovery, treatment (by PCB/CPCB Authorized agency) and offsite /onsite disposal . Mitigation measures:

 All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, borrow area, filling pits, and landscaping.  Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed - off at pre - designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority.  The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner and may also used in shoulders with proper treatment and approval of c oncerned engineer.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 9

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off - site.  Concrete waste should be utilized suitably in temporary access road or disposed off suitably with prior permission of the Envir onment Expert.  The hazardous waste (waste/burned oil) will be disposed of through SPCB approved vendor.  Scrap materials (tyre/steel/sand bags) will sold out to the authorized vendors.  Biodegradable waste from the labour camp/Mess will be disposed off on da ily basis by the municipality authority/ local waste collector. Also some quantity of biodegradable waste will be used for the preparation of compost. The types of Waste and its Management have been presented in Table No. 10 - 1 . The reuse/Recycle of Waste a t Project Site has been presented in Table No. 10 - 2 . Table No. 10 - 1 : Types of waste and its management

Waste Type of Waste Disposal Plan Storage Guidelines Remarks

Class

Hazardous waste Concrete platfor m with Sold to authorized Used oil to be sold (Used oil from DG sump/collection tray, to recycler, Label drum to CPCB

sets/Machineries/E be sent for recycle segregated areas, No authorized quipments) purpose, to be disposal contamination of land, recycler only. by buy - back storag e to be done in arrangement with concrete area. A suppliers. Storage of the oil drums should be in drip trays.

Metal scraps Cutting in small pieces Stored at scrap yards Reused at the site for barricade purpose. or sell to vendor B

Biodegradable Shall be disposed off Dust bins Should be in coordination with Manage with (office and labour the concerned organic waste camp was te) authorities. recycling process Segregation of waste should be done C including colour coding of the different waste containers.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 10

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Non - Sold to recycler if in Storage area duly -- Biodegradable large quantities. marked (all sites). D (Plastic bag,

thermocol)

Construction To be disposed only Select/designated -- debris on municipal location only E permitted land (waste yard)

Excavated soil Collected and Approved area -- transferred throw F dumpers used for leveling.

Used electrical/ Sold to recycler if in Scrap yards -- plastic/wood and large quantities.

other G miscellaneous

waste item

Table No. 10 - 2 : Reuse/Recycle of Waste at Project Site

S. No T ype of Waste Can be Reused or Recycled 1 Excavated soil/earth Recycle for use as fill material 2 Excavated soil/earth Reuse for landscaping, leveling of borrow area, filling of pits etc 3 Concrete Recycle for use as aggregate in new concrete Reused in t emporary access roads 4 Metal & Scrap Recycled through vendor 5 Biodegradable waste Converted to compost 6 Timber Reuse e.g.: for shuttering/hording 7 Waste Oil Recycled through authorized vendor 8 Cement Bags Reused as sand bags

10.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGE MENT ACTION PLAN The Environmental Management Action Plan is the synt hesis of all proposed mitigation and monitoring actions, to be implemented within a time frame with specific responsibility assigned and follow - up actions defined. It contains all the inf ormation for the project proponents, the contractors and the regulatory agency to implement the project within a specified time frame.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 11

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the ef ficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry o f Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 The EMP is a plan of action for avoidance, mitigation and management of the negative impacts of the project. The Environm ental Enhancement is also an important component of EMP.

 The EMP refers to all implementable task at different stages of project, namely, i. Design Phase ii. Construction Phase, and iii. Operation Phase

 The EMP includes a list of all project - related activities and imp acts and a clear reporting schedule.

 The EMP is divided into two broad components, (i) dealing with natural environment, and (ii) dealing with action plan for resettlement and rehabilita tion (RAP). While the mitigation measures of the natural environment a nd their management have been incorporated in the present volume, the management of issues related with resettlement and rehabilitation of human communities has been provided in Resettlement Action Plan. The EMP has been presented in the Table No. 10 - 3 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 10 - 12

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Table No. 10 - 3 : Environmental Management Action Plan

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component PRE - CONSTRUCTION/DESIGN PHASE 1. ALIGNMENT Constricted sections /  The local traffic will mix up with fast  Erecting the service lanes settlements moving vehic les leading to accidents  Developing underpasses in markets  Communities on two sides in market are  Developing resettlement sites unable to cross the road easily  Modify designs to save settlements , trees and other env ironmental  Loss of property & income source Components  Increased traffic  Construction of wide Road 2. LAND Embankment slopes  Some degree of soil erosion on newly  Turfing of the slopes to check soil erosion with grasses, etc. constructed embankment  Care should be take n that the slope gradient shall not be greater than 2:1.  The earth stockpiles to be provided with gentle slopes to prevent soil erosion . Borrow areas  Soil and land use will be changed  Borrow pits shall not be dug continuously. The location, shape and siz e of the designated borrow areas shall be as approved by the Engineer. No borrow area shall be opened without permission of the engineer.  If borrow pits along the National Highway is permitted by the Engineer, these shall not be dug continuously and shall confirm to

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 13

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component MORTH specifications.  Borrow pits shall be redeveloped as per MoEF &CC guidelines. Spoils shall be dumped with an overlay of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect to MoEF &CC guidelines. 3. WATER Water sour ce  No appreciable impact on underground  Relocation of water sources like wells and hand pumps water sources  No loss of surface water bodies or canals Drainage  No significant impact as sufficient no. of  Raising the road level CD works are available  Provis ion for drainage on the side of National Highway 4. FLORA AND FAUNA Protected forest  Rem oval of approx. 10 , 397 no of trees  Loss of trees will be managed through compensatory afforestation and roadside plantation. Wildlife  Loss of Habitat and Defragm entation Total 26 nos. of Animal Underpass are proposed for safe passage of wildlife movement. In addition to this , ROBs: 1, VUP: 09, LVUP: 44, VOP: 01, TUNNEL: 01 and box culverts : 1 74 are also proposed for safe movement.  Noise Induced physiological and behavioral  Tree plantation shall be done along the road for noise attenuation. Changes  Silence zone will be marked and provided with sign boards to alert drivers  Noise Barrier will be provided

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 14

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  Impacts of Headlights Glare on Wildlife  Boundary wall with plantation shall be provided on both edge of the RoW to prevent the glaring effect.  Avoidance of Road by Animals  Boundary wall will be provided along the edge of the RoW to present  To avoid Injury and Mortality of animals the animal entry in the RoW.  Bo x culverts will be constructed for passage of herpetofauna, amphibians etc.  Total 26 Nos. of Animal underpasses shall be provided for the safe movement of wild animal .  Watch tower will be constructed in supervision of the forest officials to direct the ani mals to cross the road through the underpasses.  Guard wall with underpass will be provided in combination with underpasses to direct animals away from the highway. Plantation  Loss of trees leading to increase in air and  Approx. 1,15,299 nos of tree shall be planted (Two row on either noise pollution; the loss of ecolo gical and sides within the available RoW shall be done and shrubs shall be economic activities planted in the median) 5. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Air quality  There will be slight increase in t he  Construction of the National Highway will allow optimum speed of pollution level of the air in a few places fast moving vehicles  Tree plantation scheme will be implemented Noise level  The noise level might be increased slightly  Construction of the National Highway will allow optimum speed of in area due to machinery activities fast moving vehicles  Tree plantation scheme will be implemented

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 15

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component 6. UTILITIES Relocation of utility  Short time negative impact during  All utilities to be relocated with prior approval of the concerned lines/community transitory phase o f shifting of utility lines agencies utilities  No impact on shifting wells, hand - pumps  All community utilities such as sources of water to be relocated to etc. suitable places 7. CULTURAL HERITAGE Relocation of cultural  Most of the temples being small the issue  Community meetings to be held before relocation or shifting properties is not a sensitive one  Provision of enhancement of religious structures, and access road 8. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY Acci dents  Moving of fast moving & slow moving  Segregating the slow moving traffic in the market places by vehicles in market places will enhance developing the service lanes chances of accidents  Provision of wider m edian i n rural stretches and plantation of  Poor visibility causes more accidents shrubs/under trees in it to avoid the gear of vehicles moving in opposite direction  Signals to be erected to reduce speed  Proper light arrangement to be made CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. SOIL Soil Erosion  Removal and cleani ng of tree line,  Turfing of road embankment slopes with herbs, sh rubs and grasses herbaceous and shrubby covers from  In borrow pits, the depth of the pit should be regulated so that the embankment will increase soil erosion sides of the excavation will have a slope not steeper than 1 vertical  Excavations of borrow pits will increase to 4 horizontal from the edge of the final section of bank

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 16

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component soil erosion  The device for checking soil erosion include the formulation of sediment basins, slope drains etc. Such works and maintenance thereof will be deemed as accidental to the earthwork  Cutting of trees in phases Loss of top soil  The loss of top soil is considerable as the  The borrow pit areas could be de veloped into ponds for fisheries proposed alignment is passing through  Land taken for borrow area should be infertile agricultural field. Compaction of soil  The excavations in borrow areas may lead  It should be ensured that the stab ility of excavation of fills is to marginal loosening of soil maintained  The compaction of soil may not be  Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall move, or be affected largely stationed in the designated area  If operating from temporarily hired land, it will be ensured that the topsoil for agriculture remains preserved & n ot destroyed by storage, material handling or any other construction related activities  The topsoil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150 mm and stored in stockpiles of height not e xceeding 2 m  Cut and fill should be equalized as per design  Earth, if required, should be dumped in selected & approved area by the engineers. Borrowing of earth  Large quantities of earth is needed for  No earth should be borrowed from within the ROW raising the level of road, its expansion and  If new borrow areas are selected, there should be no loss of

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 17

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component embankm ent productive soil, and environmental considerations are met with  If vehicles are passing through some villages, the excavation and carrying of ea rth will be done during day time only  The borrow areas should not be dug continuously, and the size and shape of borrow pits to be decided by the engineer  Borrow pits should be redeveloped by dumping of spoils; by creating a pond for fisheries, etc. or by leveling an elevated, raised earth mounds. Contamination of soil  The impact will be negligible since the  Vehicles and machines are main tained and ref illed in such a fashion from fuel and chemical nature of the soil will not change that diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil lubricants much  Fuel storage and refilling sites should be kept away from cross  Negligible impact on the growth of drainage structure and important water bodies vegetation  spoils shall be disposed off as desired and the site shal l be fully cleaned before handing over Contamination of soil  The impact will be marginal on the soil  The construction wastes should be dumped in selected pits, from construction quality develope d on infertile land wastes  The growth of vegetation will be partially  Follow the norms of SPCB disturbed  Borrow pits to be filled by such wastes 2. WATER Water bodies  Effect on surface water.  Any source of water for the community such as ponds, wells, tube - wells , canals, nallah etc. lost incidentally shall be re placed immediately

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 18

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  Provision of silt fencing near water bodies to control run - off.  Earthworks and stone - works to be prevented from impeding natural flow of streams or existing drainage system.  All desired measures will be taken to prevent temporary or perm anent flooding.  Oil Interceptor at Camp site has been proposed to control the entry of oily waste in nearby water bodies. Other water sources  The lost sources of water like wells and  Any source of water for the community such as ponds, wells, tube - tube - wells are going to affect the wells etc. lost incidentally shall be replaced immediately community adversely  All desired measures will be taken to prevent temporary or  Loss of source of irrigation permanent flooding Drainage and run - off  The flow of r un off water will not be  At cross drainage channels, etc. the earth, stone or any other water affected largely, excepting certain construction material should be properly disposed of so as not to stretches where the drainage problem block the flow of water already exist  All necessary precaution shall be taken to construct temporary or permanent device to prevent water pollution (due to increased situation and turbidity) Contamination of  The construction wastes may increase the  Construction work close to the streams or other water bodies shall water from suspe nded matter and clay in stagnant be a voided, especially during monsoon period construction waste water bodies  All waste arising from the project is to be disposed of, as per norms  There will be very little increase in toxicity of SPCB  The community dependent on such water  Waste products must be collected., stored and taken to approved

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 19

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component used for purposes other than drinking may disposal site be affected Contamination of  The fuel a nd lubricants may affect the both  The slopes of embankment landing to water bodies should b e water from fuel and component of water bodies modified and re - channeliz ed so that contaminant may not enter the lubricants  The community may be slightly affected water body  To avoid contaminatio n from fuel and lubricants , the vehicles and equipment shall be properly maintained and refilled Sanitation and waste  The absence of sanitation may lead to  The construction laborers camp shall be located away from the disposal in many human diseases which are mostly densely habitation areas. construction camps water - borne  The sewage system for such camps shall be properly designed and  No communicable dis eases are going to built so that no water pollution takes place to any water - body or be spread water cou rse  The workplace shall have proper medical approval by local medical health or municipal authorities Use of water for  The use of water from sources, already in  Arrangement for supply and storage of water will be made by the construction use by local community may cause contractor in such a way so that the water availability and supply to scarcity of water for community nearby communities remain unaffected. If a new tube - well is to be  The easy availab ility of surface water will b ored, proper sanction and approval by Underground Water not affect the communities Department is needed  The wastage of water during the construction should be minimized 3. AIR Emission from  Effect on human health  All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 20

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component construction vehicles  Dust settled on leaves may r educe growth regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emissions levels are and machinery rate of the plants as per norms of SPCB  Crowded market places and construction  Monitoring of suspended particulate matter to be conducted at least sites will have higher degree of emission once a month at the sites where crushers are used  The human settlements should be at least 500 m downward wind direction of asphalt mixing plant Dust and its  The impact of dust at construction sites is  Precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from the hot mix treatment rather adverse, but localized in nature plants shall be taken .  No serious health problem is likely to be  The hot - mix plants should be loca ted at least 500 m from the nearest caused habitation. They should be filled with dust extraction unit  Water should be sprayed in the line and earth mixing sites, asphalt mixing site and service roads. In filling subgrade, water spraying is needed to solidity the material. After the impacting, water should be sprayed regularly to prevent dust  Vehicles delivering material should be covered 4. NOISE LEVELS Noise from vehicles,  The activities of using heavy machinery  The parts and equipments used in construction shall strictly confirm asphalt plants and and equipments ar e localized and to CPCB noise standards equipments intermittent  Vehicles and equipments used sh ould be fitted with silencer  No serious impact on human health like  Noise standards or industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced to loss of hearing ability though some sleep construction workers from damage disorders may result  In construction sites with 150 m where, there are human settlements,

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 21

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component noisy construction should be stopped between 10:00 pm and 8:00 am  Noise to be monitored at construction sites 5. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Loss of damage to  The loss of trees, shrubs and herbal cover  Areas of tree plantation cleared will be replaced according to vegetation may lead to higher degree of soil erosion Compensatory Affore station Policy under Forest Conservation Act -  The loss of shade and other benefits due 1980 to loss of tree s  Trees should be removed in phases  The air quality may decline  There will be no loss or damage to hydrophytes Compaction of  The effect on compaction will not be much  The removal of vegetation is confin ed along the proposed project. vegetation sev ere  Replantation of tree species along ROW  There will be no loss of biodiversity  Plantation of shrubs and under trees in the med ian

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 22

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component Accident risk from  The type of accidental risks may be due to  To ensure safe construction in the temporary access es during construction ac tivities ill - maintained machines and vehicles, due construction, lighting devices and safety signal devices shall be to poor light conditions at the work place, installed. Traffic rules and regulations to be strictly followed or due to carelessness and poor  Safety of workers under various operations during construction management of the work involved should be ensured by providing them helmets, masks, safety goggles etc  The electrical equipment should be checked regularly to avoid risks to workers  At every work place, a ready available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff and an attending doctor to be provided  Lighting device and signals at workplace to be installed Health issues  The unhygienic conditions at work place of  At every workplace, the potable, and sufficie nt water supply shall be construction workers maintained to avoid waterborne diseases and securing the health of  The non - availability of potable water workers  Adequate drainage, sanitation and waste disposal to be provided at workplace  Medical care to be provided to workers in case of medical requirements Damage or loss of  No existence of archaeological sites in  Relocation of cultural properties to be done after consultation cultural properties proposed alignment  All necessary and adequate care should be taken to minimize the  No monument exists in the corridor im pact on cultural properties

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 23

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  If valuable or invaluable articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures or other geographic or archaeological rare discovered, the excavation should be stopped and archaeology department to be contacted  Archaeologist w ill supervise the excavation to avoid any damage to the relics Roadside landscape  The positive impact will be on bio -  Aven ue plantation of foliage, shade trees mixed with flowering trees, development aesthetics and beauty scented plants to be done  Landscaping and beautification of ponds, and access roads will improve aesthetic considerations Roadside amenities  People will be largely benefitted by the  Construction of new / improvement of existing bus shelt ers, bus bays comfort and use, provided by these and truck stoppage sites amenities  Footpaths, railings, traffic signs, Underpasses, speed zone, signs etc. shall be provided Cultural properties  The enhancement of cultural properties  En hancement of all cultural properties and access road shall be will bring harmony, goodwill and completed as per design coherence amongst communities Contamination from  The chances of accidents are likely to be  Cleaning of the spills at the accidental site by a workforce provided spills due to traffic reduced with improved quality of the road. by state PWD The left over spill may be scrapped to a small nearby and accidents The contamination of soil and water due to pit with ROW spills will be minor

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 24

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component Dust generation  Though dust is a common feature of  Roadside tree plantation to be provided tropical climate, y et the situation will be  New sites (for example, gram panchayat land etc) near the road to improved by developing vegetation cover be discovered for afforestation

Air pollution  The degree of air pollution is likely to be on  Vehicular emissions of SPM, RSPM, CO, SO 2 , NO x to be checked a lower scale with improvement in road  Roadside tree plantation to be done and maintained surface  Atmospheric pollution to be managed and monitored  Public awareness programme to be launc hed Water  Due to construction of National Highway  The drainage system should be periodically cleared as per design, the water logging during  Public awareness programmes t o be launched for maintaining clean monsoon will not take place drinking water  Proper drainage will be provided for better water flow Flora and Fauna (key  The loss of trees, shrubs and herbs will not  The afforestation scheme, containing keystone species should be stone species) affect the keystone species and bio - strictly imp lemented diversity  Improvement of density of vegetation by planting such species Accidents involving  The chances of such accidents will  The rules as defined in Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 should hazardous materials minimum, yet not unavoidable be compile d  For delivery of hazardous substances, concerned license need to be taken  Vehicles delivering hazardous substances will be printed with unified signs  Public security, transportation and the firefighting departments will

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 25

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component designate a special route for these vehicles  The project hazardous substances will be administrated by highway management department registration system  In case of spillage, the report to relevant department to be provided and instructions to be followed Traffic & Road Safety  The chances of accidents will be less due  Traffic management plan to be developed, especially in congested to construction of National Highway as locations compared to small width road  Traffic control measures including speed limits to be enforced strictly  Growth of e ncroachment and squatting on ROW to be discouraged  Proposing service lanes in markets and near schools  Providing proper median  Putting warning signals and signboards Skill Development -  For indigenous people in villages, living wit hin 10 km boundary off Programme for project highway on either side, skill development course for 5 days workers per workshop including road construction skills to be organized.  The cost for carr ying out skill development at 15 locations once in a yea r for two years is about Rs . 3.00 Crores. Selection of Lots of muck will be generated due to the  Approved municipal dumping grounds to be first preferred through Dumping Sites tunnel activities payment to municipal bodies  Unproductive / waste lands shall be selected for dumping sit es, only if municipal body not available within 25 Km radius after approval of PMC / SC /AE

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 26

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  Away from residential areas and water bodies  Public perception and consent / approval from the village panchayats and other concerned authorities should be obtaine d before finalizing the location Disposal of debris - • All arrangements for transportation during construction including from dismantling provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, will be structures and road considered incidental t o the work and will be planned and surface implemented by the contractor as approved and directed by the Environmental Expert of AE. • The pre - designed disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by Contractor in c onsultation and with approval of Environmental Expert of AE. • Debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be disposed such that it does not flow into the surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area. Other Construct ion - • The pre - identified disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Waste Disposal Waste Disposal Management Plan to be prepared by the Contractor in consultation and with approval of Environmental Expert of AE. Location of disposal sites will b e finalized prior to initiation of works on any particular section of the road. • The Environmental Expert of AE will approve these disposal sites after conducting a joint inspection on the site with the Contractor.

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 27

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component • Contractor will ensure that any spoil s of material unsuitable for embankment fill will not be disposed off near any water course, agricultural land, and natural habitat like grass lands or pastures. Such spoils from excavation can be used to reclaim borrow pits and low - lying areas located in barren lands along the project corridors (if so desired by the owner/community and approved by the Environmental Expert of AE). • All waste materials will be completely disposed and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environmental Expert of AE before handing over. • The contractor at its cost shall resolve any claim, arising out of waste disposal or any non - compliance that may arise on account of lack of action on his part. OPERATION PHASE Air Quality Air pollution due to vehicular movement  A venue plantations shall be maintained.  Regular maintenance of the road will be done to ensure good surface condition  Ambient air quality monitoring as per Environmental Monitoring Plan. If monitored prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken .  Road signs shall be provided reminding the motorist to properly maintain their vehicles to economize on fuel consumption and

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 28

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component protect the environment. Noise Quality Noise due to movement of traffic  Effective traffic management and good riding conditions shall be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and honking restrictions may be enforced near residential areas.  The effectiveness of the multilayered plantation should be monitored and if needed, solid noise barrier shall be placed.  Create awareness amongst the residents about likely noise levels from road operation at different distances, the safe ambient noise limits and easy to implement noise reduction measures while constructing a building close to the road  Noise monitoring as pe r Environmental Monitoring plan  Provision of Noise Barrier at sensitive receptors likely to experience high noise Flora Loss of Vegetation  Planted trees, shrubs and grasses to be properly maintained  The tree survival audit to be conducted once in a year t o assess the effectiveness Fauna Wildlife  Accidental road - kill record must be documented and maintained. Maintenance of Right Accident Risk due to uncontrolled growth of  Regular maintenance of plantation along the roadside of Way and Safety vegetation  Ef forts shall be made to make shoulder completely clear of vegetation Accident risks associated with traffic • Traffic control measures, including speed limits, will be enforced movement strictly.

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 29

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component • Monitor/ensure that all safety provisions included in design and construction phase are properly maintained • Tow - away facility for the break down vehicles

CEMC PVT. LTD. I N ASSOCIATION WITH EIS PVT. LTD . 9 - 30

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movemen t in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan a

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highway s Government of India)

10.7 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN Certain species are listed in Table 10.4 for developing green belt with the objective of pollution control, carbon seque stration and as source of food especially for birds and amenity purpose. The list is neither complete nor exhaustive. Depending upon the suitability, availability and desirability, other local species should also be considered. The work of green belt devel opment should be taken up by the project proponents with guidance from the Forest Department of the Government of Chhattisgarh . Minimum 3 nos . of row, (@10 m distance) of trees on either side s of the proposed highway shall be planted and approx. 1,15,299 n o s. of tree will be proposed to be planted . It is stated that the indigenous species of local economic and ecological (soil and water conservation) importance need be given priority over commercial and non - native species.

Table 10 - 4 : Suitable plant speci es for green belt along the project

Sl. No. SCIENTIFIC NAME LOCAL/ENGLISH NAME TREE SPECIES 1. Acacia leucophloea Rinjha 2. Acacia nilotica Babool 3. Aegle marmelos Bel 4. Albiziaprocera Safed siris 5. Azadirachta indica Neem 6. Cassia fistula Amaltas 7. Catunar egamspinosa Kharhar 8. Dalbergialanceolaria Dhoban 9. Diospyrosmelanoxylon Tendu 10. Lagerstroemia parviflora Senjha 11. Pongamiapinnata Karanj 12. Ehretialaevis Dataranga 13. Ficusbenghalensis Bad 14. Limoniaacidissima Groff Kaitha 15. Madhucaindica Mahua 16. Mangiferain dica Aam 17. Syzygiumcumini Jamun 18. Tamarindusindica Imli 19. Firmiana simplex Kurlu SHRUB SPECIES 1. Antidesmaghaesembilla Van masuri

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 9 - 31

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movemen t in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan a

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highway s Government of India)

2. Calotropisprocera Aak 3. Carissa opaca Karonda 4. Desmodiumgangeticum Tinpatia 5. Eranthemumpurpurascens Van tulsi 6. Andrograp hispaniculata Chirenta 7. Antidesmadiandrum Khatua 8. Acacia pinnata Ail 9. Ricinuscommunis Arandi 10. Solanum xanthocarpum Bhatkataiya 11. Acilepisdivergens Mohti 12. Annona squamosal Sitaphal 13. Asparagus racemosus Satawari 14. Cassia auriculata Charota 15. Grewiahirs utavahl Gudsakari 16. Grewiarithii Khursi 17. Embeliarobusta Baibidang HERB SPECIES 1. Acanthospermumhispidum Gokharu 2. Argemonemexicana Pila Dhotra 3. Cassia tora Chirota 4. CurculigoorchioidesGaerth Kali musili 5. Ocimumbasilicum Van tulsi GRASS SPECIES 1. Cymb opogon martini Rusha 2. Cynodondactylon Doob 3. Desmostachyabipinnata Kush 4. Dichantiumannulatum Chotimarbel 5. Eleusinaindica Pandur 6. Eragrostisinterrupta Chhotibhurbhuri 7. Eulaiopsisbinata Bagai 8. Imperatacylindrica Chhir 9. Panicumrepens Panga 10. Pennisetum hohenackeri Moya 11. Chrysopogonzizanioides Urai 12. Dendrocalamusstrictus Bans 13. Eragrostistenella Bhurbusi 14. Heteropogoncontortus Kushal

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 9 - 32

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movemen t in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan a

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highway s Government of India)

15. Saccharumspontaneum Kans 16. Themedaarundinaceae Dekhana 17. Aristidasetacea Jhani 18. Arundodonax Barru

10.7 .1 Plantation operations and practices for Greenbelt and open space replantation The plantation str ategy should include operations , such as, Development of seedlings/saplings of the tree and shrub species, Land/site preparation for transplanting/seeding, Transplanting, and Post - transplanting maintenance under the guidance of a field - oriented botanist or agriculture professional or field staff of the Forest Department. (a) Development of planting material For tree and shrub species, the seedlings and saplings could be raised in nursery in poly bags of standard size or root trainer trays. The healthy certified seed material should be used for this purpose. These materials can also be arranged on demand from the nurseries owned by Forest Department or private organizations. Hea lthy and disease - free planting material is pre - requisite for success of the plantation . (b) Site preparation This activity need be undertaken well in advance before monsoon for rainy season species and during October - November for winter species. Thorny bushes and weeds need to be removed completely from the site. It should be followed by soil and water conservation work using physical measures, such as, surface rain water harvesting, trenches, stone bunds; engineering structures, such as, small check dams; and biological devices, such as, planting of fast spreading grass and leguminous species and bushy materials . For planting seedling/sapling, pits of appropriate size (1×1×1m for tree species, 0.5×0.5×0.5 m for shrub species) need be prepared well in advance. The top soil of 30 cm depth need be kept aside for mixing with FYM to promote microbial growth for nutrient recycling. After digging, the pit must be kept unfilled and uncovered so that sterilization through sun rays could occur. It should follow by fillin g stone - free soil (3 part) and well - decomposed weed - free compost or dump manure (1 part). For improving soil fertility , neem/castor/ground cake can be used. The basal dressing of urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium sulphate or DAP could be applied in morn ing hours at appropriate interval.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 9 - 33

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movemen t in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan a

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highway s Government of India)

(c) Seeding and Transplanting This operation must be done after rain showers. In case of grass and leguminous species, direct seeding could be practiced to establish a surface cover to check soil loss and grass growth for her bivores and nesting sites for birds. The plantation should be done in rows following 5×5 spacing both row to row and plant to plant using healthy seedling/sapling. While planting, the poly bag should be moistened first. The poly bag should not be removed c ompletely, only the bottom part of it should be removed by cutting it with a sharp blade without disturbing planting material. The planted material should be watered slowly to avoid soil disturbances. (d) Post - planting maintenance The transplanted material nee ds attentive care for complete one year at least , followed by care during stressful seasons particularly. The maintenance operations include watering, removal of weeds, prevention and control of diseases and pests using bio - pesticides preferably, and trimm ing, and fertilization. No specific amount could be mentioned for watering, etc., as it is selective to species, hence , based on field conditions, the maintenance activities should be done. The fertilization could be carried out at an interval of 30 days a voiding occurrence of rains. The gaps caused on account of mortality, should be filled by replanting the same species . Above all, the development of green space must get value similar to National Highway development. 10.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET Th e cost of environmental protection measures has been estimated Rs . 279.17 Cr as per the following details. Total cost estimate on environment for present Section has been presented in Table 10 - 5 .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 9 - 34

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of Ind ia)

Table 10 - 5 : Environmental Management Plan Budget

Component Stage Items Estimated Rate Total Cost (Rs)

Water Pre - Relocation and construction of affected hand pumps, Covered in Utility -- Construction water storage tanks, open wells, water taps, OHT etc. as Shifting Budget per directions of the Engineer.

Environm ental Training Construction - Lump Sum 5 ,00,000

Environmental Construction Monitoring of air, water, soil, noise and Soil (Refer Table As per 2,89,92,000 Monitoring and Operation 6.2) environmental monitoring plan Period

Skill Development For indigenous people in villages, living within 10 km At 15 locations @ boundary off project highway on either side, skill Rs. 02 Crores Construction 3,00,00,000 development course for 5 days per workshop including road construction skills to be organized

Air Dust Suppression at the project site @ Rs 1500/trip x 13 124.661 km 2,13,52,500 Constru ction trips/day x 365 days x 3 years

Demolition wastes and bituminous scrap disposal as per Solid waste Construction Lump Sum 10,00,000 C& D rules 2016

P lantation of trees along the proposed National Highway Rs 1500/tree 17,29,48,500 Construction i.e 1,15,299 trees to be planted including tree guard Flora Maintenance for the period of 3 years including causality Lump Sum 25,00,000 replacement of tree

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 9 - 35

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of Ind ia)

Component Stage Items Estimated Rate Total Cost (Rs)

Ornamental Planta tion on Cross Sections. Lump Sum 10,00,000

Shrub Plantation and grass carpeting in median Lump Sum 10,00,000

Wildlife Construction Conservation plan for Wildlife Lump Sum 10,00,000

Slope/Embankment Turfing of embankment wit h grasses and herbs / other Covered in Construction -- protection engineering measures Engineering Cost

Demarcation of borrow areas clearly, using fencing if Lump Sum 5,00,000 needed.

Provision of Hoarding /Posters at construction camps and Safety Construction Lump Sum 5,00,000 provision of he alth checks at construction sites

Provision for helmet, gumboots, jackets, goggles etc. to Lump Sum 2,00,000 labours

Construction Camps Construction Sanitary Facilities Lump Sum 2,00,000

Soil & Ground water Construction Providing Oil Interceptors as per design and draw ing at Rs 25,000/number 2,5 0,000 vehicle parking areas (10 nos )

Rain Water Harvesting Construction Rainwater harvesting structures shall be provided at the and operation interval of 500 m on either sides of carriag eway as per availability of RoW and depending on the water table of Rs 5 lakh/structure 7,50,00,000 first aquifer (Approx 150 nos. of structures including its maintenance)

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 9 - 36

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/ Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojan

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of Ind ia)

Component Stage Items Estimated Rate Total Cost (Rs)

Construction & Wildlife Management and Conservation Plan has been As per Wildlife 12,09,80,000 Post Operation attached in Annexure - XI Management Plan

Wildlife 26 Nos. of animal underpasses will be constructed for the safe passages of villagers and animals including Rs 8 Crore per Construction 2,08,00,00,000 noise barrier on underpass and either side 200 m on the structure ramp

Total 2,53,79,23,000

Contingency @ 10% 2,53,792,300

Total 2,79,17,15,300

Say 279 .17 Cr.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 9 - 37

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER 11 : SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

11.1 INTRODUCTION The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has been entrusted with the assignment of Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India under Bharatmala Pariyojna Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2 having length of pro posed alignment 464.662 km (which is totally green field) which starts from near Abhanpur (ch. 0.000) / Ch. 61.600 of proposed Raipur - Durg Bypass and ends at Vishakhapatnam bypass (ch.464.662) of Existing section of SH - 38 . The whole length of road is d ivided into 3 parts, i.e., part - 1, part - 2, and part - 3. Accordingly draft EIA/EMP report has been prepared Part wise. This draft EIA/EMP report is prepared for Part - 1 of Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal r oad primarily to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India under Bharatmala Pariyojna Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2 ( Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 124.661 ). The part 3 of this proposed project is confined to the state of Chhattisgarh and starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and passing through four districts such as Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts of Chhattisgarh state and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon districts . YONGMA En gineering Co. Ltd. JV With Arkitechno Consultants (I) Pvt. Ltd , ha ve been appointed as DPR Consultant by NHAI to carry out the Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors and feeder routes and Coastal road primarily to improve the efficiency of f reight movement in India under Bharatmala Pariyojna Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand / Package - 2 (Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 124.661) starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and passing through four districts such as Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon districts in the state of Chhattisgarh . Further, YONGMA Engineering Co. Ltd. JV with Arkitechno Consultants (I) Pvt. Ltd , has assigned EIS PVT. LTD. in association w i th CEMC PVT. LTD. a NABET accredited consultant to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment report including Environmental Management Plan for the above referredproject. 11.2 BRIEF ABOUT THE PROJECT AND ITS LOCATION Proposed National Highway is Green field alignment project and proposed for 6

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 1

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

lane carriageway width with paved shoulders . The project road starts from Jhanki village of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and passing through four districts such as Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts of Chhattisgarh state and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur tehsil in Kondagaon districts from CH: 0.000 to 124+661 having a total length of 124.661 k ms. The proposed National Highway proje ct has been envisaged through an area which shall have the advantage of simultaneous development as well as shall result in a shorter distance totravel. The salient features of the proposed project have been presented below: Salient features of the pr oject

1. Project Road Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3 / Odisha & Jharkhand / Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana in the state of Chhattisgarh 2. Location of the proposed The proposed project will start from Jhanki village project of Abhanpur tehsil in Raipur district and passing through fou r districts such as Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts of Chhattisgarh state and ends at Marangpuri village of Baderajpur te hsil in Kondagaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh. 3. No, of affected villages by Land Raipur District: 06 villages acquisition Dhamtari District : 35 villages Kanker District: 16 villages Kondagaon District: 09 villages Total: 66 villages 4. Total Length of the proposed 124.661 km project 5. Total Area of Land Acquisition Total Land Acquisition: 745.13 Ha . Government/Private Land: 517.0875 ha Forest Land: 228.0425 Ha. 6. Terrain Mostly plain and rolling area and some stretches it passes through hilly terrain. . 7. Seismic Zone Zone II

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 2

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

8. Geographical Location Starting Point: 21°05'18.85"N 81°45'01.40"E

End Point:

20°01'44.59"N 81° 51'58.13"E 9. Proposed Bridges Major Bridges – 06 Nos. Minor Bridges – 34 Nos. Animal Underpasses – 26 Nos. 10. Proposed ROBs / Underpasses ROBs: 1, VUP: 09 , LVUP: 44, VOP : 01, TUNNEL : / Flyover including Pedestrian 01 underpass/Tunnels and Viaducts 11. Culverts 174 Nos 12. Right of Way 60 m in general and 45 m in forest areas 13. Design Speed 100 km/hr for plain terrain and for rolling terrain 14. Carriageway 2 x 14.5 m. 15. Embankment 1.2 m (Average) 16. Proposed Toll Plazas 01 location at km 13+300; 10 lanes on both side 17. Safety Measure Crash Barriers 18. Lighting Lighting all along including High Masts at Toll plazas, interchanges, major bridges / ROB’s and Amenities and Truck Parking Areas 19. No of Structures Affected 54 Nos. (23 Nos. Pucca, 12 Nos. Semi Pucca and 19 Nos. Kutcha/Hut) 20. Total Project Cost 3667.14 Cr (approx.) Environmental & Social Features 21. Forest Land Diversion 228.0425 Ha. 22. Water bodies Impacted At 36 locations (08 Ponds, 10 canals, 10 local streams, 06 Seasonal streams, 01 location (Mahanadi River) and 01 Nalah/Canal) 23. Existing trees within ROW 38,433 24. Compensatory plantation Approx. 1,15,299 nos of trees shall be planted ( Two row on either sideswithin the available RoW shall be doneand shrubs shall be planted in themedian ) 25. Green belt development As per IRC SP 21:2009 / MoRTH Code / Guidelines

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 3

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

26. No. of project affected persons Total PAFs – 54 Total PAPs – 270 (PAFs) & (PAPs) 27. Resettlement & Rehabilitation Rs. 227.61 Crores Cost (R&R) including land Cost

11.3 DESCRIPTION OFENVIRONMENT Study Area: The base - line data has been collected for Core Zone [Corridor of Impact (COI)], an area covering 500 m on both sides of the proposed alignment and 10 km buffer zone for prominent environmental attributes like Ambient Air quality, Noise Level, Water qual ity and S oil profile. Primary and Secondary data has also been collected for other environmental attributes for the preparation of EIA/EMP report. The baseline study for the project was conducted during the months from December 2019 to February 2020 (Wi nter Season) . Baseline Study : The findings of the baseline environmental status on land (topography, geology, soil quality, land use pattern), meteorology (Temperature,

Relative Humidity, rainfall, wind speed, wind rose), air ( Ambient A ir quality - PM 10 ,

PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X . and CO), w ater (surface & ground water), noise level, ecological environment (terrestrial and aquatic flora & fauna), socio - economic conditions (demographic profile and households condition) were presented and interpreted with reference to environmental standards.  Meteorology: The study area is located in Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kodagaon districts in the state of Chhattisgarh . The climate of area around the proposed alignment is tropical. It is hot and humid because of its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its dependence on the monsoons for rains. Summer temperatures can reach 45.2 °C. The monsoon season is from late June to October and is a welcome respite from the heat. Chhattisgarh receives an average 1274.3 millimete rs of rain. Winter is from November to January. Winters are pleasant with low temperatures and less humidity. About one third of the total rainfall is brought by the northeast monsoon. October and November see low - pressure systems and tropical cyclones for m in the Bay of Bengal which, along with the northeast monsoon, bring rains to the southern and coastal regions of the state The meteorological study has been done from Dhamtari IMD station.  Air Environment: Ambient air quality monitoring has been done at 09 locations.

Specific station - wise Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) data for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X . and CO as recorded during the study period i.e. from November 2019 to January 2020 . All the parameters have been analyzed and show that all the parameters are we ll below the National Ambient A ir quality standards,2009.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 4

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 Water Environment: The development of any region is based on the availability of sufficient water resources, as developmental activities require water for irrigation, domestic and other purposes. Th e water resources in the area broadly fall into following categories:  Ground Water resources: Borewells

 Ground water : Ground water sampling has been taken for 0 8 locations. The pH varies from 7. 23 – 7.5 6 , TDS varies from 817.2 - 833.6 mg/L, Conductivity varies from 1125 - 12 32 uS/cm and Hardness varies from 174 – 1 83 mg/L.  Surface Water resources: Mahanadi River , Sendurnadi and Kuleri Nadi

 Surface water : Surface water sampling has been taken for 03 locations. The pH varies from 8. 21 – 8.56 , T DS varies from 25 6.4 – 26 2.7 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen varies from 6. 1 – 6.7 mg/l, BOD varies from 2. 3 mg/l – 2.9 mg/l , Total Coliform varies from 242 – 254 MPN/l00ml and Faecal Coliform varies from 21 – 31 MPN/l00ml .  Noise Environment Ambient noise level monitoring has been done at 09 locations. The hourly recorded noise level at various locations in the study area shows fluctuations because of change in traffic movement, construction activities and other man - made sources. The equivalent values of noise levels varie s from 47.3 dB (A) to 50.3 dB (A) during daytime which are within the prescribed norms of CPCB whereas during night time the noise level varies from 3 0.2dB (A) to 34.6 dB (A), which reveals that all values are below the national standard.  Soil Environment Soil sampling has been done at 0 8 locations. The soil pH ranges from 7. 44 to 7. 6 1 , thereby indicating the soils are neutral to slightly alkaline. The texture of the soil is Sandy loam. Soils are good in available nitrogen content, have low available phosph orus, potassium content and have high organic carbon. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The major forest types found along the study area are: Tropical dry deciduous forest and Depositional saline plains with grassland, Saline - alkaline scrubs. The natural vegetat ion present within the study area is in the form of shrubs, herbs, grasses and climbers with fewer naturally growing trees. Some of the common tree/shrub species present along the study area are Rinjha ( Acacia leucophloea), Babool ( Acacia nilotica ), Neem ( A zadirachtaindica ), Amaltas ( Cassia fistula ) , Jamun ( Syzygiumcumini ) , Imli ( Tamarindusindica ) , Saj ( Terminaliatomentosa ) , Van masuri ( Antidesmaghaesembilla ) , Karonda ( Carissa

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 5

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

opaca ) , Arandi ( Ricinuscommunis ) , Sitaphal ( Annona squamosal ) , Charota ( Cassia auriculata ) , Khursi ( Grewiarithii ) , Baibidang ( Embeliarobusta ) etc. The detailed list of flora and fauna has been described in Chapter 3 of EIA/ EMP report. The proposed stretch doesn’t pass through any eco - sensitive zone of Wildlife sanctuary or national park. However it passes at a distance of 0.7 km from the nearest border of the eco - sensitive zone of Sitanadi Sanctuary at ch 96.500 . The detailed study of elephant movement has been studied and provided in the EIA/EMP report.

The NOC from National Tiger Conservation Authority and Project Elephant of MoEFCC is under process .

SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The primary purpose of socio - economic analysis is to provide an overview of the State’s, socio - economic status and the relative status of the Project Influence Area (PIA) within the State. The proposed project passes through Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts in the state of Chhattisgarh . The demographic profile and socio - economic status of the people in the project affected district and state as per census 2011 are as follows:

Item s Chhattisgarh Raipur Dhamtari Kanker Kondagaon Total Population 25,545,198 4,063,872 799,781 748,941 1,413,199 Rural 19,607,961 2,580,583 650,586 672,180 1,219,705 Population Urban 5,937,237 1,483,289 149,195 76,761 193,494 Population Total Male s 12,832,895 2,048,186 397,897 373,338 698,487 Total Female s 12,712,303 2,015,686 401,884 375,603 714,712 Gender Ratio 991 984 1010 1006 1023 SC Population 3,274,269 724,250 58,581 31,543 37,963 % SC 12.82 17.82 7.32 4.21 2.69 ST Population 7,822,902 476,446 207,633 414,770 931,780 % ST 30.62 11.72 25.96 55.38 65.93 Density of 189 328 196 105 135 Population (per sq. Km) (Source: Census of India, 2011)

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 6

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

11.4 IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONMEASURES The potential impact and their mitigation measures have been presented below:

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component PRE - CONSTRUCTION/DESIGN PHASE 1. ALIGNMENT Constricted sections /  The local traffic will mix up with fast  Erecting the service lanes settlements moving vehicles leading to accidents  Developing underpasses in markets  Communities on two sides in market are  Developing resettlement sites unable to cross the road easily  Modify designs to save settlements , trees and other env ironmental  Loss of property & income source Components  Increased traffic  Construction of wide Road 2. LAND Embankment slopes  Some degree of soil erosion on newly  Turfing of the slopes to check soil erosion with grasses, etc. constructed embankment  Care should be taken that the slope gradient shall not be greater than 2:1.  The earth stockpiles to be provided with gentle slopes to prevent soil erosion . Borrow areas  Soil and land use will be changed  Borrow pits shall not be dug continuously. The location, shape and size of the designated borrow areas shall be as approved by the Engineer. No borrow area shall be opened without permission of the engineer.  If borrow pits along the National Highway is pe rmitted by the Engineer, these shall not be dug continuously and shall confirm to MORTH specifications.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 7

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  Borrow pits shall be redeveloped as per MoEF &CC guidelines. Spoils shall be dumped with an overlay of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance r equirements with respect to MoEF &CC guidelines. 3. WATER Water source  No appreciable impact on underground  Relocation of water sources like wells and hand pumps water sources  No loss of surface water bodies or canals Drainage  No significant impact as sufficient no. of  Raising the road level CD works are available  Provision for drainage on the side of National Highway 4. FLORA AND FAUNA Protected forest  Rem oval of approx. 10,397 no of trees  Loss of trees will be managed through compensatory afforestation and roadside plantation. Wildlife  Loss of Habitat and Defragmentation Total 26 Nos. of Animal Underpass are proposed for safe passage of wildlife movement. In addition to this , ROBs: 1, VUP: 09, LVUP: 44, VOP: 01, TUNNEL: 01 and box culverts : 174 are also proposed for safe movement.  Noise Induced physiological and behavioral  Tree plantation shall be done along the road for noise attenuation. Changes  Silence zone will be marked and provided with sign boards to alert drivers  Noise Barrier will be provided  Impacts of Headlights Glare on Wildlife  Boundary wall with plantation shall be provided on both edge of the RoW to prevent the glaring effect.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 8

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  Avoidance of Road by Animals  Boundary wall will be provided along the edge of the RoW to present  To avoid Injury and Mortality of animals the animal entry in the RoW.  Box culverts will be constructed for passage of herpetofauna, amphibians etc.  Total 26 Nos. of Animal underpasses shall be provided for the safe movement of wild animal .  Watch tower will be constructed in supervision of the forest officials to direct the animals to cross the road through the underpasses.  Guard wall with underpass will be provided i n combination with underpasses to direct animals away from the highway. Plantation  Loss of trees leading to increase in air and  Approx. 1,15,299 nos of tree shall be planted (Two row on either noise pollution; the loss of ecological and sides within the available RoW shall be done and shrubs shall be economic activities planted in the median) 5. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Air quality  There will be slight increase in the  Construction of the National Highway will allow optimum speed of pollution level of the air in a few places fast moving vehicles  Tree plantation scheme will be implemented Noise level  The noise level might be increased slightly  Construction of the National Highway will allow optimum speed of in area due to machinery activities fast moving vehicles  Tree plantation scheme will be implemented 6. UTILITIES Relocation of utility  Short time negative impact during  All utilities to be relocated with prior approval of the concerned lines/community transitory phase of shifting of utility lines agencies

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 9

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component utilities  No impact on shifting wells, hand - pumps  All community utilities such as sources of water to be relocated to etc. suitable places 7. CULTURAL HERITAGE Relocation of cultural  Most of the templesbeing small the issue  Community meetings to be held before relocation or shifting properties is not a sensitive one  Provision of enhancement of religious structures, and access road 8. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY Accidents  Moving of fast moving & slow moving  Segregating the slow moving traffic in the market places by vehicles in market places will enhance developing the service lanes chances of accidents  Provision of wider m edian in rural stretches and plantation of  Poor visibility causes more accidents shrubs /under trees in it to avoid the gear of vehicles moving in opposite direction  Signals to be erected to reduce speed  Proper light arrangement to be made CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. SOIL Soil Erosion  Removal and cleaning of tree line,  Turfing of road embankment slopes with herbs, sh rubs and grasses herbaceous and shrubby covers from  In borrow pits, the depth of the pit should be regulated so that the embankment will increase soil erosion sides of the excavation will have a slope not steeper than 1 vertical  Excavations of borrow pits will increase to 4 horizontal from the edge of the final section of bank soil erosion  The device for checking soil erosion include the formulation of sediment basins, slope drains etc. Such works and maintenance thereof will b e deemed as accidental to the earthwork  Cutting of trees in phases

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 10

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component Loss of topsoil  The loss of topsoil is considerable as the  The borrow pit areas could be developed into ponds for fisheries proposed alignment is passing through  Land taken for borrow area should be infertile agricultural field. Compaction of soil  The excavations in borrow areas may lead  It should be ensured that the stability of excavation of fills is to marginal loosening of soil maintained  The compaction of soil may not be  Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall move, or be affected largely stationed in the designated area  If operating from temporarily hired land, it will be ensured that the topsoil for agriculture remains preserved & not destroyed by storage, materia l handling or any other construction related activities  The topsoil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150 mm and stored in stockpiles of height not exceeding 2 m  Cut and fill should be equalized as per design  Earth, if required, should be dumped in selected & approved area by the engineers. Borrowing of earth  Large quantities of earth is needed for  No earth should be borrowed from within the ROW raising the level of road, its expansion and  If new borrow areas are selected, there should be no loss of embankment productive soil, and environmental considerations are met with  If vehicles are passing through some villages, the excavation and carrying of earth will be done during day time only  The borrow areas should not be dug continuously, and the size and shape of borrow pits to be decided by the engineer

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 11

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  Borrow pits should be redeveloped by dumping of spoils; by creating a pond for fisheries, etc. or by leveling an elevated, raised ear th mounds. Contamination of soil  The impact will be negligible since the  Vehicles and machines are maintained and ref illed in such a fa shion from fuel and chemical nature of the soil will not change that diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil lubricants much  Fuel storage and refilling sites should be kept away from cross  Negligible impact on the growth of drainage structure and important water bodies vegetation  spoils shall be disposed off as desired and the site shall be fully cleaned before handin g over Contamination of soil  The impact will be marginal on the soil  The construction wastes should be dumped in selected pits, from construction quality developed on infertile land wastes  The growth of vegetation will be partially  Follow the norms of SPCB disturbed  Borrow pits to be filled by such wastes 2. WATER Water bodies  Effect on surface water.  Any source of water for the community such as ponds, wells, tube - wells , canals, nallah etc. lost incidentally shall be replaced immediately  Provision of silt fencing near water bodies to control run - off.  Earthworks and stone - works to be prevented from impeding natural flow of streams or existing drainage system.  All desired measures will be taken to prevent temporary or permanent flooding.  Oil Interceptor at Camp site has been proposed to control the entry

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 12

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component of oily waste in nearby water bodies. Other water sources  The lost sources of water like wells and  Any source of water for the community such as ponds, wells, tube - tube - wells are going to affect the wells etc. lost incidentally shall be replaced immediately community adversely  All desired measures will be taken to prevent temporary or  Loss of source of irrigation permanent flooding Drainage and run - off  The flow of run off water will not be  At cross drainage channels, etc. the earth, stone or any other water af fected largely, excepting certain construction material should be properly disposed of so as not to stretches where the drainage problem block the flow of water already exist  All necessary prec aution shall be taken to construct temporary or permanent device to prevent water pollution (due to increased situation and turbidity) Contamination of  The construction wastes may increase the  Construction work close to the streams or other water bodies shall water from suspended matter and clay in stagnant be avoided, especially durin g monsoon period construction waste water bodies  All waste arising from the project is to be disposed of, as per norms  There will be very little increase in toxicity of SPCB  The community dependent on such water  Waste products must be collected., stored and taken to approved used for purposes other than drinking may disposal site be affected Contamination of  The fuel and lubricants may affect the both  The slopes of embankment landing to water bodies should b e water from fuel and component of water bodies modified and re - channeliz ed so that contaminant may not enter the lubricants  The community may be slightly affected water body  To avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants , the vehicles and equipment shall be properly maintained and refilled

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 13

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component Sanitation and waste  The absence of sanitation may lead to  The construction laborers camp shall be located away from the disposal in many human diseases which are mostly densely habitation areas. construction camps water - borne  The sewage system for such camps shall be properly designed and  No communicable diseases are going to built so that no water pollution takes place to any water - body or be spread water course  The workplac e shall have proper medical approval by local medical health or municipal authorities Use of water for  The use of water from sources, already in  Arrangement for supply and storage of water will be made by the construction use by local community may cause contractor in such a way so that the water availability and supply to scarcity of water for community nearby communities remain unaffected. If a new tube - well is to be  The easy availability of surface water will bored, proper san ction and approval by Underground Water not affect the communities Department is needed  The wastage of water during the construction should be minimized 3. AIR Emission from  Effect on human health  All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be construction vehicles  Dust settled on leaves may reduce growth regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emissions levels are and machinery rate of the plants as per norms of SPCB  Crowded market places and construction  Monitoring of suspended particulate matter to be conducted at least sites will have higher degree of emission once a month at the sites where crushers are used  The human settlements should be at least 500 m downward wind direction of asphalt mixing plant Dust and its  The impact of dust at construction sites is  Precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from the hot mix treatment rather adverse, but localized in nature plants shall be taken .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 14

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  No serious health problem is likely to be  The hot - mix plants should be located at least 500 m from the nearest caused habitation. They should be filled with dust extraction unit  Water should be sprayed in the line and earth mixing sites, asphalt mixing site and service roads. In filling subgrade, water spraying is needed to solidity the material. Af ter the impacting, water should be sprayed regularly to prevent dust  Vehicles delivering material should be covered 4. NOISE LEVELS Noise from vehicles,  The activities of using heavy machinery  The parts and equipments used in construction shall strictly confir m asphalt plants and and equipments are localized and to CPCB noise standards equipments intermittent  Vehicles and equipments used should be fitted with silencer  No serious impact on human health like  Noise standards or industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced to loss of hearing ability though some sleep construction workers from damage disorders may result  In construction sites with 150 m where, there are human settlement s, noisy construction should be stopped between 10:00 pm and 8:00 am  Noise to be monitored at construction sites 5. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Loss of damage to  The loss of trees, shrubs and herbal cover  Areas of tree plantation cleared will be replaced according to vegetation may lead to higher degree of soil erosion Compensatory Affore station Policy under Forest Conservation Act -  The loss of shade and other benefits due 1980 to loss of trees  Trees should be removed in phases  The air quality may decline

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 15

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  There will be no loss or damage to hydrophytes Compaction of  The effect on compaction will not be much  The removal of vegetation is confin ed along the proposed project. vegetation sev ere  Replantation of tree species along ROW  There will be no loss of biodiversity  Plantation of shrubs and undertrees in the median

Loss, damage or  There will be no loss, damage or  Construction workers should be educated not to disrupt or damage disruption to fauna disruption to fauna any fauna  Hunting is strictly prohibited 6. OTHERS ISSUES Accident risk from  The type of accidental risks may be due to  To ensure safe construction in the temporary accesses during construction activities ill - maintained machines and vehicles, due construction, lighting devices and safety signal devices shall be to poor light conditions at the work place, installed. Traffic rules and regulations to be strictly followed or due to carelessness and poor  Safety of workers under various operations during construction management of the work involved should be ensured by providing them helmets, masks, safety go ggles etc  The electrical equipment should be checked regularly to avoid risks to workers  At every work place, a ready available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff and an attend ing doctor to be provided  Lighting device and signals at workplace to be installed Health issues  The unhygienic conditions at work place of  At every workplace, the potable, and sufficient water supply shall be

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 16

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component construction workers maintained to avoid waterborne diseases and securing the health of  The non - availability of potable water workers  Adequate drainage, sanitation and waste disposal to be provided at workplace  Medical care to be provided to wo rkers in case of medical requirements Damage or loss of  No existence of archaeological sites in  Relocation of cultural properties to be done after consultation cultural properties proposed alignment  All necessary and adequate care should be taken to minimize the  No monument exists in the corridor impact on cultural properties  If valuable or invaluable articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures or other geographic or archaeological rare discovered, the excavation should be stopped and archae ology department to be contacted  Archaeologist will supervise the excavation to avoid any damage to the relics Roadside landscape  The positive impact will be on bio -  Avenue plantation of foliage, shade trees mixed with flowering trees, development aesthetics and beauty scented plants to be done  Landscaping and beautification of ponds, and access roads will improve aesthetic considerations Roadside amenities  People will be largely benefitted by the  Construction of new / improvement of existing bus shelters, bus bays c omfort and use, provided by these and truck stoppage sites amenities  Footpaths, railings, traffic signs, Underpasses, speed zone, signs

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 17

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component etc. shall be provided Cultural properties  The enhancement of cultural properties  Enhancement of all cultural properties and access road shall be will bring harmony, goodwill and completed as per design coherence amongst communities Contamination from  The chances of accidents are likely to be  Cleaning of the spills at the accidental site by a workforce provided spills due to traffic reduced with improved quality of the road. by state PWD The left over spill may be scrapped to a small nearby and accidents The contamination of soil and water due to pit with ROW spills will be minor Dust generation  Though dust is a common feature of  Roadside tree plantation to be provided tropical climate, yet the situation will be  New sites (for example, gram panchayat land etc) near the road to improved by developing vegetation cover be discovered for afforestation

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 18

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component Accidents invol ving  The chances of such accidents will  The rules as defined in Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 should hazardous materials minimum, yet not unavoidable be compiled  For delivery of hazardous substances, concerned license need to be taken  Vehicles deli vering hazardous substances will be printed with unified signs  Public security, transportation and the firefighting departments will designate a special route for these vehicles  The project hazardous substances will be administrated by highway management department registration system  In case of spillage, the report to relevant department to be provided and instructions to be followed Traffic & Road Safety  The chances of accidents will be less due  Traffic management plan to be developed, especially in congested to construction of National Highway as locations compared to small width road  Traffic control measures including speed limits to be enforced strictly  Growth of encroachment and squatting on ROW to be discouraged  Proposing service lanes in markets a nd near schools  Providing proper median  Putting warning signals and signboards Skill Development -  For indigenous people in villages, living within 10 km boundary off Programme for project highway on either side, skill development course for 5 days workers per workshop including road construction skills to be organized.  The cost for carr ying out skill development at 15 locations once in a

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 19

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component yea r for two years is about Rs. 3.00 Crores. Selection of Lots of muck will be generated due to the  Approved municipal dumping grounds to be first preferred through Dumping Sites tunnel activities payment to municipal bodies  Unproductive / waste lands shall be selected for dumping sites, only if municipal body not available within 25 Km radius after approval of PMC / SC /AE  Away from residential areas and water bodies  Public perception and consent / approval from the village panchayats and other concerned authorities should be obtained before finalizing the location Disposal of debris - • All arrangements for transportation during construction including from dismantling provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, will be structures and road considered incidental to the work and will be planned and surface implemented by the contractor as approved and directed by the Environmental Expert of AE. • The pre - designed disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by Contractor in consultation and with approval of Environmental Expert of AE. • Debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be disposed such that it does not flow into the surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area. Other Construction - • The pre - identified disposal locations will be a part of Co mprehensive Waste Disposal Waste Disposal Management Plan to be prepared by the Contractor in consultation and with approval of Environmental Expert of AE.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 20

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component Location of disposal sites will be finalized prior to initiation of works on any particular section of the road. • The Environmental Expert of AE will approve these disposal sites after conducting a joint inspection on the site with the Contractor. • Contractor will ensure that any spoils of material unsuitable for embankment fill will not be disposed off near any wa ter course, agricultural land, and natural habitat like grass lands or pastures. Such spoils from excavation can be used to reclaim borrow pits and low - lying areas located in barren lands along the project corridors (if so desired by the owner/community an d approved by the Environmental Expert of AE). • All waste materials will be completely disposed and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environmental Expert of AE before handing over. • The contractor at its cost shall resolve any claim, arisi ng out of waste disposal or any non - compliance that may arise on account of lack of action on his part. OPERATION PHASE Air Quality Air pollution due to vehicular movement  Avenue plantations shall be maintained.  Regular maintenance of the road will be done to ensure good surface condition  Ambient air quality monitoring as per Environmental Monitoring Plan. If monitored prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 21

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component  Road signs shall be provided reminding the motorist to properly maintain the ir vehicles to economize on fuel consumption and protect the environment. Noise Quality Noise due to movement of traffic  Effective traffic management and good riding conditions shall be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and honking restrictions may be enforced near residential areas.  The effectiveness of the multilayered plantation should be monitored and if needed, solid noise barrier shall be placed.  Create awareness amongst the residents about likely noise levels from road operation at different distances, the safe ambient noise limits and easy to implement noise reduction measures while constructing a building close to the road  Noise monitoring as per Environmental Monitoring plan  Provision of Noise Barrier at sensitive re ceptors likely to experience high noise Flora Loss of Vegetation  Planted trees, shrubs and grasses to be properly maintained  The tree survival audit to be conducted once in a year to assess the effectiveness Fauna Wildlife  Accidental road - kill record must be documented and maintained. Maintenance of Right Accident Risk due to uncontrolled growth of  Regular maintenance of plantation along the roadside of Way and Safety vegetation  Efforts shall be made to make shoulder completely clear of vegetation Accident risks associated with traffic • Traffic control measures, including speed limits, will be enforced

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 22

Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124 .661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Environmental Impact Description Remedial Measure Issue/Component movement strictly. • Monitor/ensure that all safety provisions included in design and construction phase are properly maintained • Tow - away fa cility for the break down vehicles

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 23

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

1 1 .5 ANALYSIS OFALTERNATIVES Three alternative alignments have been considered: Option 1 (Green & Brown field alignment): In Chhattisgarh state, the alignment crosses the villages Kurud, Umarda, Mandraud, Megha, Mohandi, Kosamkhuta, Birjhuli, Singhpur, Dugli, Nayapara& ends near Ghutkel village, i.e. CG/Odisha Border with tunnel provision of length - 4.350Km, design speed 100Kmph with smooth gradient in hilly terrain & permissible hill cutting. The option - 1 has not been recommended due to project length is more than the all options. Option 2 (Green field alignment): In Chhattisgarh state, a Crow flyalignment was considered which starts fromJhanki near (Abhanpur) and follows Urla - 2, Patewa, Dhuma, Chandna, Hasda,Nawagaon, Kapatphodi, Jarhidih&Bargaon villages. 28.200 Km length of option - 2crosses in between buffer area & some core area of Sitanadi&Udanti Tigerreserve forest. The alignment was discussed wi th CG state forest department andthe department has denied for the alignment and suggested to change thealignment towards west side which is 48Km away. The option - 2 has not beenrecommended due to the alignment passes through Sitanadi&Udanti TigerReserve Fo rest . Option 3A (Green field alignment): In Chhattisgarh state, the alignment starts from Jhanki follows Urla - 2, Karga, Sirri, SivniKatln, Mendaraka, Sidhaurikhurd, Joratarai, Chiwarri, Maheshpur, Dudhawa, Sainunda, Machhali villages & ends near Palana vill age. The alignment passes beyond the Sitanadi Tiger Reserve wildlife. The option - 3A has not been recommended due to the forest length is more . Option 3B (Green field alignment): In Chhattisgarh state, the alignment starts at Jhanki village follows Urla - 2, Karga, Sirri, SivniKalan, Mendaraka, Sidhaurikhurd, Joratarai, Chiwarri, Maheshpur,Dudhawa, Malgaon, Choria, Khalari, Thema, T iriyarpani, Laxmikant, Machhali villages & ends near Marangpuri village. Design speed 100 K mph has been considered with tunnel prov ision of length 2.830 Km.The option - 3B has been recommended due to less forest length . Keeping in view of having less/minor effect on environmental and social components and acquiring minimum forest land , alignment Option 3 B has been fixed and it seems more feasible as compared to the other options. 11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGPROGRAMME The Environmental Monitoring Programs are also suggested to provide information on which management decisions may be taken during construction and operational phase. The objective of this program is to evaluate the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measures, updating the actions & impacts of

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 24

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

baseline data and adaptation of additional mitigation measures. Total cost for environment monitoring plan is Rs 2,89,92,000 . 11.7 ADDITIONALSTUDIES Public Consultation & Public Hearing The public consultations were carried out in nearby villages of the project corridors. These consultations were taken up by environmental and social experts. Details are incorpora ted in EIA/EMP report. In consonance with the EIA notification dated 14th September 2006, vide section 7(f) related to public hearing, the draft EIA/EMP report shall be submitted to the Chhattisgarh State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) for conducting pu blic hearing in Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts. Social Impact Assessment The proposed National Highway will pass through Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon districts . There are 54 structures recorded within the corridor of impact the proposed National Highway . However, the proposed project will definitely have some positive impact on the socio - economic environment of the people of surrounding villages experiencing development in the area in specific and state and nation a s a whole. The demographic profile and socio - economic status of the people in the project affected district are presented in EIA/EMP report. Road Safety Features The proposed road would act as the prime artery for the economic flow to this region. It will enhance economic development, provide employment opportunities to locals, strengthen tourist development, ensure road safety and provide better transportation facilities and other facilities such as way side amenities. The proposed proje ct is entirely green field National Highway . However, provision of diversions with direction signs, speed breakers and other safety requirements followed as per IRC &MoRTH guidelines. Provision for accident emergency assistance and medical care to accid ent victims have also been considered as road safety measures. 11.8 PROJECTBENEFITS The proposed NH will provide better, fast, safe and smooth connectivity for the commuters of Chhattisgarh state and especially in Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker and Kondagaon region s . Smooth and fast - moving traffic will cause only lower emissions thereby reducing pollution levels. Accident rates are also expected to come down substantially. Development of the proposed project road will improve

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 25

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

the local agriculture and enab le farmers to realize better value for their products as well as attract more investment to that region, thus boost economy of the area, state and nation as a whole. The vehicle operating and maintenance cost is expected to go down substantially. The pr oposed road alignment will also include general ameniti es like bus bays, truck lay bays , rest areas, service road at built - up locations, pedestrian and cattle underpasses, landscaping and tree plantation, traffic aid post, emergency telecom system, emer gency medical aid post, street light at built ups etc. and thus overall facilities to the road users shall improve. People will have increased access to better social and health infrastructure and other services located outside the project area. This wi ll in turn lead to overall improvement of the quality of life of the people residing in the project zone in terms of their economic, social and health status. Growth of local tourism and resultant boost to local economy is also expected due to proposed project. 11.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN(EMP) The Environmental Management Plan is prepared for avoidance, mitigation and management of the negative impacts of the project. It also covers remedial measures require to be taken EMP includes the list of all the project related activities, their impacts at different stages of project during pre - construction phase / design phase, construction phase and operational phase on environment and remedial measures to be undertaken to mitigate these impacts. To tal cost for environment management plan (including environmental monitoring plan) for the project is Rs. 279.17 Crores. 11.10 FINDINGS &CONCLUSSION The EIA/EMP report was prepared after thorough interaction with the engineering section of the consultan ts so that the negative impacts on the environment and human population could be avoided as far as possible. Some of the important findings of the study are as follows: - 1. There will be insignificant loss of bio - diversity as no rare plant or animal specie s are going to be affected by the present project. 2. The proposed stretch doesn’t pass through any eco - sensitive zone of Wildlife sanctuary or national park. However it passes at a distance of 0.7 km from the nearest border of the eco - sensitive zone of Sitan adi Sanctuary at ch 96.500. The detailed study of elephant movement has been studied and provided in the EIA/EMP report . 3. Precautionary measures such as underpass, Box culverts and chain link fences , tunnels etc. have been suggested to mitigate the likely i mpacts if any, on the wild life present in study area.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 26

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

4. No monuments protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) are located close to the proposed National Highway . 5. The most important factors, which need continuous attention and assessment during the construction phase, are the ambient air quality, the water quality and the noise level. The ambient air quality of the study area is good. A noise level in the area is also below the limit. 6. Approximately 38,433 numbers of trees are recorded in corridor of impact of the proposed National Highway . However, 1,15,299 trees shall be planted as avenue plantation and compensatory afforestation will enhance the environmental condition of thearea. 7. The re are 54 structures (residential and commercial) recorded within the corridor of impact the proposed National Highway . However, the proposed project will definitely have some positive impact on the socio - economic environment of the people of surrounding v illages experiencing development in the area in specific and state and nation as awhole.

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 1 - 27 Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

CHAPTER: 12 - DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT

1 2 .1 INTRODUCTION TO FIRM Enviro Infra Solutions Private Limited (EIS Pvt. Ltd.) is an environmental consultancy organisation, led by Qualified Industry and Infrastructure Experts from 2013. The company has received accreditation from Quality Council of India (NABET - QCI) as an EIA Consultancy organisation in 2016. The aim of the company is to promote engineered and environmentally sustainable solution to address infrastructural needs with ground check on balance between Ecological niche & ongoing development of the Infrastructure and Industrial projects. We at Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd. are committed to provide environmental consultancy to a wide range of Environmental Services to our clients for various projects and developments in sustainable manner by: -

 Review and commitment to comply with management system being followed and continuous improvement in standard of services delivered to customers.

 Achieving optimum customer satisfaction.

 Contemplating maximum environmental protection

 Comply with the statutory requirements and continually improve the effectiveness of Quality Management System .

 Reviewing the policy for continuing suitability The company has undertaken many EIA /EMP and other associated studies and clearances for Mining of Minerals (opencast only); River Valley Projects; Thermal Power Plants; Highways; Buildin g and construction Projects. The Main objects of the company are as follows: -

 Enviro Infra Solution (EIS) provides comprehensive and strategic services to various Industries as well as government & extends its cutting - edge services with the help of its competent staff as well as through the association with proficient companies worldwide .

 To pro vide Environmental Impact Assessment Reports for Various Infrastructure and Industrial Projects as Per MoEF&CC / World Bank / ADB / JICA a nd Other Financial Institutes Guidelines .

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 2 - 1

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

 To provide Community Survey, Socio - Economic Studies , Preparation o f Indigenous People Plan, Public Consultation And Focus Group Discussion Studies as per World Bank, JICA and ADB Guidelines.

 To undertake Facility Audits of Industrial Plants for Safety/ Accreditation Guidelines

 Main consulting sectors of the company are River Valley Projects, Highway Projects, Township and area development Projects etc. 12 .2 AREA OF EXPERTISE Environmental Impact Assessment: We have undertaken many EIA studies and clearances for Mining of Minerals (opencast only); River Valley Projects; Thermal Power Plants; Highways; Building and construction Projects. The areas of specialisation are as fo llows: - i. Mining of Minerals ii. Thermal Power Plants iii. Highway and Railways iv. Building and Construction Projects v. Cement Plants vi. Port & Harbors, Break Waters and Dredging vii. Township and Area Development Projects viii. Oil & Gas Transportation Pipeline (Crude and Refinery / Petrochemical Products), Passing Through National Parks / Sanctuaries /Coral Reefs / Ecologically Sensitive Areas Including LNG Terminal ix. Irrigation & Hydroelectric Projects x. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Si te . 1 . 3 BRIEF RESUME OF TEAM MEMBERS: - EIS Pvt. Ltd. c omprises a group of professionals from various development fields. The core members of EIS team hold experiences in Pollution Control (Airpollution, Water pollution, SHW), Ecology and Hydrology, Economic Analysis etc. The brief resume of the Environment Coordinator and the Functional Area Experts are discussed below: Sanjeev Sharma , Team Leader (EIA Coordinator), AQ, AP, NV and SHW) Mr . Sharma has more than 2 5 Years of National and International Experience in EIA studies. He is a QCI/NABET approved EIA coordinator in Sectors – Mining of Minerals (Opencast), River Valley, Thermal power plants, Ports & Harbors , and Highways . He has in depth understanding of env ironment legislations applicable in India and has also undertaken an assessment of legislative framework on the

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 2 - 2

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

development projects. He supervises the baseline data collection in respect of soil, water & noise and vibration parameters and provides guidance to field monitoring team. Kashmir Pal Singh ( Ecology and Biodiversity Expert ) Mr. Singh has more than 10 years of experience in Ecology and Biodiversity & EIA studies and he is also QCI/NABET Functional Expert in the sector of Ecology and Biodiversity. He has Developed and Organized Management Development Programme on EIA & Environmental Auditing. Mr. ML Sharma ( S oil C onservation Expert ) Mr. Sharma has more than 49 years of National and International Experience in EIA studies . He is QCI/NABET approved Function Area Expert ( FAE) for Soil Conservation . He has established Environmental monitoring sites for soil collection of Primary and secondary data for EIA studies, Compliance of Environmental clearance Conditions for Various projects . He also has experience in assessment of fertility and characterization of soil and assesses the impact of pollutants on soil in large and medium size projects. Mr. Anoop Kishore Mishra ( W ater P ollution, Risk and Hazard and Solid Hazardous Waste ) Mr. Mishra has m ore than 3 8 Years of experience in Environmental Studies, Risk Analysis & HAZOP . He is QCI /NABET approved Function Area Expert for Air Pollution, Solid Hazardous Waste, and Water Pollution. He has been a Lead auditor for ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 . He is responsible for entire operation of the plant including Pla nning, Organizing, and Control of the Production, Maintenance, Qual ity Contr ol, Safety Health &Environment, Liaison with govt. Bodies, Marketing Project implementation, HR & Administration, Supply Chain Management and organizing various training sessions on different topics for plant personnel’s for safe & efficient operations and to enhance their performance level.

Mr. B.M. Sinha – ( Geology Expert ) Mr. Sinha has m ore than 3 5 years of National & International experience in the field of Geology & EIA studies . He is QCI/NABET EIA Coordinator in the Sectors - Oil & Gas transportation pipelines and Offshore and Onshore Oil & Gas exploration and QCI/NABET Functional Expert in the sector of Geology . He studies the environmental aspects such as top soil preservation, waste dump management, reclamation/rehabilitation f or EIA/EMP of mining projects and studies the

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 2 - 3

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

environmental impacts on onshore exploration, exploitation of oil & Gas and post production stages including preparation of environmental management plans. Mr. R.K. Mishra – (Hydrology Expert) Mr. Mishra has more than 31 years of National & International experience in the field of Hydrology & EIA studies. He is QCI/NABET Functional Expert in the sector of Hydrology. He has given his inputs on more than 20 EIA study projects related to Hydrology . Mr. Ashok Suyal – ( S ocio E conomic Expert ) Mr. Suyal has m ore than 13 years of National & International experience in Socio Economics & EIA studies and he is QCI/NABET Functional Expert in the sector of Socio Economics . He has prepared many socio impact assessment report, R & R studies and resettlement action plan, preparation of indigenous people plans as per ADB Guidelines and also he has conducted stakeholder and community survey meetings .

Md. Yasir Ahmad (Land Use Expert) Md. Ahmad has more than 10 y ears of National experience in the field of Land Use & EIA studies. He is QCI/NABET Functional Expert in the sector of Land Use. He has given his inputs on more than 15 EIA study projects related to Land Use.

Mr.RishabhSehgal (Noise Expert and Team Member) Mr.Sehgal has more than 6 years of National and International experience in the field of Noise & EIA/EMP studies. He is QCI/NABET Functional Expert in the sector of Noise. He has given his inputs on more than 20 EIA study projects related to Noise and assisted to FAEs and EIA coordinator in more than 30 projects as a team member.He has established Environmental monitoring sites for air, water, soil and water, collection of Primary secondary data for EIA studies, Compliance of Environmental clearanc e Conditions for Various projects.

1 2 .4 QCI/ NABET ACCREDITATION CERTIFICATE We are accredited under QCI - NABET scheme for accreditation of EIA consultants organizations vide certificate number: NABET/EIA/ 1922 / RA 0157 and it is valid upto November, 13 2022 for Mining of Minerals (Open Cast only), Offshore and onshore oil and gas exploration, development & production, River Valley Projects, Thermal Power Pla nts, Metallurgical Industries for both ferrous and non - ferrous only, Cement plants, Petroleum refining industries, Pesticides industries and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations), Petro chemical complexes, Synthetic organic chemicals industry, Distilleries, Oil & gas transportation pipeline, Airport , Ports,

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 2 - 4

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

harbours, break w aters and dredging, Highways, Building and Construction projects and T ownship and area development projects. The copy of NABET Certificate has been attached in Annexure V. 12 .5 BRIEF ABOUT THE LABORATORY CEMC Pvt. Ltd. is a NABL and MoEF& CC accredited laboratory for carrying out measurement of various environmental parameters such as Ambient Air Quality, Noise, Water Quality of Surface and Ground water resources, Micro Metrological data collection and Soil Investigation. The copy of the NABL Certificate has been attached in Annexure VI . CEMC Pvt. Ltd. has a well equipped with sophisticated & versatile analytical instruments & having updated technology for various analytical applications in the field of environment. CEMC Pvt. Ltd. provides a wide range of services including: -  Monitoring and Analysis of Environmental Samples & Environmental Compliances Reports  Sample Collection of Water Soil/ Sludge and Solid Waste.  Field monitoring for ambient air, Indoor Air, stack, noise etc.  Meteorological Monitoring.  Water, Waste water, Ground Water, Raw Water, Drinking Water, Mineral Water, Construction Water, Boiler Water & Domestic Effluent etc. Testing as per CPCB Guidelines, EPA Act.  Ambient & Work Zone Noise Monitoring.  Facilities for b ioassay of industrial effluents. Micro Biological analysis of water.  Characterization of soil and its Fertility.  Solid Waste Characterization, Identification & analysis 1 .5.1 Lab Facilities We have state - of - the - art lab facilities for carrying out the samp ling, monitoring, analysis/testing and reporting in line with our quality policy. With an aim for comprehensive coverage of assessment and analysis, our testing infrastructure has wide range of instruments for testing parameters of water & soil samples, air monitoring and meteorological monitoring etc. The classified lists of instruments used for environmental monitoring have presented below

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 2 - 5

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

LIST OF LAB INSTRUMENTS Depth sampler Analytical balance Rotary shaker pH meter COD Digestion Apparatus Conductivity meter Flame Photometer Portable water analysis kit (for DO, pH, Fuming chamber Temp., Conductivity Redox) Bottom sampler Turbidity meter Magnetic stirrer with Hot plate Water Bath Vacuum filtration pump Centrifuge Inoculation Hood Distillation Assembly Aqu arium for bioassay & Aerator Heating mantle Water deionizer Refrigerator Water current meter Deep Freezer Dissolved oxygen meter BOD Incubator Global Positioning system (GPS) Oven Flask shaker Muffle Furnace Flocculator Colorimeter Hot plate

AIR

Respirable Dust Sampler PM 10 Indoor Air Sampler

Fine particulate samplers PM 2.5 Stack Sampling Kit Carbon Monoxide Analyzer Handy Air Sampler Automatic weather monitoring station Sound Level Meter

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 2 - 6

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

12 .6 DECLARATION BY EXPERTS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EIA : EIA/EMP Report for the Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmala Pariyojana . I, hereby certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA. EIA coordinator and Team Leader : - Name : Sanjeev Sharma Signature and Date :

Period of Involvement : 2019 – till date Contact Information : +91 - 9818922344 Functional area experts:

S. Functional Areas Name of the experts Signature No. 1 . EIA Coordinator and Sanjeev Sharma FAE in AQ, NV and SHW 2 . WP and RH Anoop Kishore Misra

3 . SC ML Sharma

4 . SE Ashok Suyal

5 . EB Kashmir Singh Pal

6 . HG Mr. RK Mishra

7 . GEO B. M. Sinha

8 LU Yasir Ahmed

9 . Noise Expert and RishabhSehgal Team Member

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 2 - 7

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Government of India)

Declaration of association in the EIA Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ authorized person: I, ML Sharma, Director , hereby, confirm that the above - mentioned experts prepared the EIA /EMP report for the Development of Economic Corridors, Inter - corridors, feeder routes and Coastal Road to improve the efficiency of freight movement in India (Lot - 3/Odisha & Jharkhand/Package - 2) Raipur - Vishakhapatnam (Ch. 0.000 - Ch. 124.661 km) (Length 124.661 km) in the State of Chhattisgarh under Bharatmal a Pariyojana . I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement. Signature : Name : ML Sharma Designation : Director Name of the EIA consultant organization : Enviro In fra Solutions Pvt. Ltd. NABET Ce rtificate issued vide Letter No : NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0157 valid till November 13, 2022

EIS PVT. LTD. IN ASSOCIATION WITH CEMC PVT. LTD. 1 2 - 8