Final Report to the American Philosophical Association

“A National Survey of Introductory Ethics Courses”

Supported by the APA Grant Fund.

Abstract: This project surveyed instructors of introductory ethics courses taught in philosophy departments in the U.S. The survey collected data regarding course content, instructional methods, student learning measures, how courses have changed in the past 25 years, what changes instructors anticipate in the next 10 years, the demographic characteristics of instructors, courses, departments and academic institutions. The aim of the survey was to provide a “snapshot” of the field and correlations between the various factors that will provide a foundation for (a) more fact-based discussions and debates both within and beyond the academy regarding the teaching of ethics, and (b) further empirical research into the teaching of ethics and potential ways of improving the teaching of ethics.

Distribution and Results: An invitation to participate in the survey and an electronic link to it was distributed via email to approximately 8000 U.S. members of the APA in early March 2014. The survey closed at the end of March 2014 with approximately 400 participants. The UW-Stout Applied Research Center (ARC) provided the technical assistance in creating, administering and compiling the results of the electronic survey. In order to share the results with the philosophical community and general public, the ARC report and an ARC analysis comparing answers from male and female respondents is being provided along with this report to the APA and will be uploaded to the UW-Stout Center for Applied Ethics website. The Center’s website is: http://www.uwstout.edu/ethicscenter/index.cfm The amount of the grant was insufficient to cover any analysis beyond the data in the ARC report and the comparison of male/female responses. However, additional funds provided by the UW-Stout Center for Applied Ethics will enable further comparative analysis of the survey responses, e.g., comparing tenured instructors with non-tenured instructors, courses taught at public universities with courses taught at private universities, online courses with traditional classroom courses, etc. These results will be uploaded to the Center’s website and disseminated to the philosophical community.

Assessment: The grant proposal identified five factors by which the project would be assessed: 1. Survey response rate. Although the ideal return rate is 100%, electronic return rates generally are 20%-30%. Higher the response rate equals better quality survey data. 2. Quality of responses. Ideally surveys will be fully completed, including written comments on open-ended questions. 3. Performance of Philosophy Documentation Center and Applied Research Center RC on contracted tasks. Tasks completed accurately and on time. 4. Quality of survey format and individual survey items. 5. Level of interest in and evaluation of the survey results by the profession.

Survey response rate: Approximately 400 completed surveys of approximately 8000 contacts represents a 5% return rate. However, the distribution method (APA email to all U.S. members) could not target only instructors of introductory ethics courses, and thus the actual number of eligible participants is some (unknown) number less than 8000. Thus, the relevant response rate was something higher than 5%. Still, whatever that number is, it is lower than the desired 20-30%. Still, some of the demographic information indicates the respondents match disciplinary norms, e.g., the male (70%) and female (30%) response rate is roughly equivalent to the percentages in the discipline in general.

Quality of the responses: A high percentage of respondents completed all or almost all of the survey items and included written comments on open-ended questions and on items identified as “other.”

Performance of Philosophy Documentation Center (PDC) and ARC. As noted in the proposal, if an electronic option became available rather than the snail-mail option offered by the PDC, it would be used. By the time of the grant, the APA had begun offering a for-fee email distribution service and this service was contracted. The APA distribution service was very prompt, respectful and accurate. So too ARC performed all its contracted services admirably, although they were unable to do all the analysis proposed due to their work being funded at $1900 instead of $5000.

The Quality of the Survey Format and Individual Items. As noted in the original proposal, the survey had been vetted through a conference presentation and peer review. There were insufficient funds to do any post-response statistical assessment of the survey format or individual items. The project director did receive two email complaints about the survey. One complaint decried the survey as a form of unpaid labor. The other described the survey as a bad joke.

Level of interest in and evaluation of the survey results by the profession. Time will tell what value the profession finds in the survey and its results. At the time of this final report, the project director had received approximately 20 email requests for the results. The project director will share survey results with the profession through this APA report, the Center for Applied Ethics website, and (hopefully) conference presentations and publications.

“University of Wisconsin-Stout is a career- focused, comprehensive polytechnic university where diverse students, faculty and staff integrate applied learning, scientific theory, humanistic understanding, creativity and research to solve real- world problems, grow the economy and serve a global society.”

Survey of Introductory Ethics Courses May 2014

1. The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

20 Immanual Kant 415 92%

19 John Stuart Mill 395 88%

2 Aristotle 367 82%

1 Plato 231 51%

18 Jeremy Bentham 206 46%

35 Peter Singer 200 45%

24 Other 156 35%

14 David Hume 150 33%

10 Thomas Aquinas 133 30%

12 Thomas Hobbes 130 29%

22 Friedrich Nietzsche 114 25%

37 Carol Gilligan 85 19%

23 W.D. Ross 78 17%

30 Bernard Williams 77 17%

33 Philippa Foot 77 17%

5 Epicurus 66 15%

32 Jean Paul Sartre 65 14%

16 John Locke 53 12%

36 Ayn Rand 49 11%

46 G. E. Moore 51 11%

34 Alasdair Macintyre 44 10%

21 Karl Marx 39 9%

3 Confucius 36 8%

26 G.E.M. Anscombe 37 8%

45 Christine Korsgaard 38 8%

7 Augustine of Hippo 32 7%

17 Soren Kierkegaard 31 7%

4 Gautama Buddha 25 6%

41 Aldo Leopold 26 6%

6 Jesus 18 4%

31 Emmanual Levinas 16 4%

42 Amartya Sen 16 4%

44 R.M. Hare 20 4%

15 Mary Wollstonecraft 14 3%

28 Mohandas Ghandhi 15 3%

29 C.L. Stevenson 15 3%

39 Alison Jagger 13 3%

38 Martin Buber 9 2%

8 Mohammed 3 1%

9 Moses Maimonides 5 1%

27 Dietrich Bonhoeffer 5 1%

11 Avicenna 2 0%

13 Thomas Reid 1 0% 25 Abul Ala Maududi 2 0%

40 Albert Schweitzer 2 0%

43 Vine Deloria, Jr. 1 0%

Q1 Other Primary Ethicists Taught Count John Rawls 14 Judith Jarvis Thomson 11 “contemporary” scholars: comments about “contemporary ethicists” 11 Martha Nussbaum 6 Martin Luther King 6 Nel Noddings 6 Beauvoir 6 Butler 5 Epictetus 5 Susan Wolf 5 J.L. Mackie 5 Nozick 4 Beauvoir 4 James Rachels 4 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 4 Marcus Aurelius 4 Thomas Nagel 4 Virginia Held 4 Onora Oneill 4 Benedict 3 Lao Tzu 3 Nussbaum 3 Don Marquis 3 Socrates 3 A. J. Ayer 2 Arthur Schopenhauer 2 Liane Young, 2 Michel Foucault 2 S. Okin 2 Seneca 2 Annette Baier 2 Hannah Arendt 2 Derek Parfit 2 Gilbert Harmon, 2 Hannah Arendt 2 Hegel 2 Held 2 Hursthouse 2 Mary Anne Warren 2 Mary Midgley 2 T. M. Scanlon 2 Yamamoto 2 Mentioned Once 99 Other: (comments not indicating a specific ethicist) 8

2. Which ethicist do you most identify/agree with? Name up to three. Aristotle 133 Immanuel Kant 89 Plato 40 John Stuart Mill 35 W. D. Ross 24 Hume 22 Nietzsche 21 Thomas Aquinas 14 Peter Singer 10 McIntyre 11 Singer 11 John Rawls 13 Jean Paul Sartre 10 Bernard Williams 9 David Hume 9 W.D. Ross 9 Philippa Foot 8 Jesus 8 Epicurus 7 Carol Gilligan 7 Christine Korsgaard 7 Karl Marx 7 Confucius 6 Kierkegaard 6 Virginia Held 6 Epictetus 5 Simone de Beauvoir 5 Socrates 5 Williams 5 Augustine 4 Bentham 4 Buddha 4 Friedrich Nietzsche 4 G.E.M. 4 Hegel 4 John Dewey 4 John Locke 4 Aldo Leopold 4 Martha Nussbaum 4 Hare 3 Thomas Hobbes 3 Charles Taylor 2 Lao Tzu 2 Only Mentioned once 45 Other 9

3. The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

8 Ethical 310 81% Relativism

1 Moral realism 252 65%

12 Divine 225 58% Command Theory

9 Ethical 193 50% Subjectivism

5 Moral 167 43% universalism

6 Ethical 142 37% Naturalism

10 Moral Nihilism 125 32%

14 Value Pluralism 123 32%

2 Constructivism 105 27%

3 Cognitivism 102 26%

4 Non-cognitivism 102 26%

15 Moral 97 25% Intuitionism

13 Value Monism 66 17%

7 Ethical Non- 62 16% naturalism

16 Other 42 11%

11 Ideal Observer 35 9% Theory

Q3 Other Meta-Ethics Covered in Class Count I don’t cover meta-ethics 5 None 5 Virtue Ethics 4 Consequentialism 2 Deontology 2 Egoism 2 Existentialist Ethics 2 Care Ethics 2 Only Mentioned Once 16 Other 1

4. Which meta-ethical theory do you most identify/agree with? Name only one. None or N/A 34 Existentialist Ethics 4 Virtue Ethics 4 Ethics of Care 2 Idealism 2 Only Mentioned Once 21

5. The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

1 Deontology 377 91%

11 Utilitarianism 378 91%

15 Kantian ethics 368 89%

4 Virtue-based 360 87% ethics

2 Teleology 237 57%

5 Rule-based 225 54% ethics

13 Ethical Egoism 206 50%

7 Natural Law 199 48%

6 Rights-based 181 44% ethics

3 Ethics of Care 170 41%

14 Contractarianism 151 36%

22 Existential ethics 110 27%

19 Christian ethics 70 17%

8 Confucian ethics 32 8%

10 Buddhist ethics 34 8%

12 Other 35 8%

20 Buddhist ethics 18 4%

9 Native American 14 3% ethics

17 Daoist ethics 14 3%

18 Islamic ethics 13 3%

21 Jewish ethics 13 3%

16 African ethics 10 2%

Q5 – Other Normative approaches/theories covered in class Count Feminist Ethics 4 Consequentialism 4 PanAfricanism 2 Only Mentioned Once 28 None 2

6. Which normative ethical theory do you most identify/agree with? Name only one. Virtue-based Ethics 26 Deontology 12 Utilitarianism 12 Kantian Ethics 9 Existential Ethics 7

Ethics of Care 3 Christian Ethics 3 Natural Law 3 Rights-based Ethics 2 Confucian Ethics 1 African Ethics 1 Teleology 1 Buddhist Ethics 1 Rule-based ethics 1 Ethical Egoism 1 Contractarianism 1 Rawls 1 Native American Ethics 0 Daoist Ethics 0 Islamic Ethics 0 Jewish Ethics 0

Other: Feminist Ethics 2 Marxist Based Ethics 1 Situation Ethics 1 African Socialism 1 Emotivism 1 Phenomenological Ethics 1 Capability Ethics 1 Agent-Centered ethics 1 Consequentialism 1 Non-consequentialism 1 Social Coherence Theory 1 Hume 1 Moral particularism 1 Eudaimonism 1

None 8 All of the above 1

7. The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

21 Animal Rights 219 57%

16 Abortion 207 54%

17 Euthanasia 192 50%

1 Medical ethics 183 48%

4 Environmental 180 47% ethics

22 Aid to the poor 167 43%

5 Feminist ethics 155 40%

29 Fairness 153 40%

11 Global Justice 147 38%

19 Economic Justice 146 38%

15 Famine Relief 142 37%

18 Death Penalty 142 37%

13 Just War 129 34%

32 Friendship 125 32%

28 Honesty 110 29%

35 Civil Disobedience 107 28%

31 Moderation 105 27%

20 Criminal 102 26% Punishment

24 Racial Equality 102 26%

30 Courage 100 26%

33 Altruism 102 26%

27 Sex Equality 98 25%

12 Gay and Lesbian 93 24% Rights

14 Terrorism 88 23%

2 Professional ethics 83 22%

9 Ethics and 86 22% Technology

8 Ethics and Science 80 21%

26 Compassion 80 21%

36 Tolerance 80 21%

25 Authenticity/Integrity 71 18%

6 Business ethics 66 17%

3 Ethics and the 57 15% media

37 Pornography 56 15%

10 Other 53 14%

23 Global Ecology 47 12%

34 Honor 42 11%

7 Aesthetics 28 7%

Q7 Applied Issues/Cases Covered in Class Count Drugs 3 Sexual Ethics 3 Addiction and Policy 2 Cloning 2 Human Rights 2 Immigration 2 International Law 2 Reproduction 2 Torture 2 Only Mentioned Once 42 Other 1

8. The balance of theoretical discussion to discussion of cases/applied issues in your class is:

# Answer Response %

3 More theory than cases/applied 136 33% issues

4 Approximately same amount of 122 30% theory and cases/applied issues

2 Almost entirely theory; very few 65 16% cases/applied issues

5 More cases/applied issues than 52 13% theory

1 Does not apply—do not use theory 23 6% and cases approach

6 Almost entirely cases/applied 8 2% issues; very little theory Total 406 100%

9. Which ethicists or ethical perspectives do you think are not taught enough in the discipline? Q9: Which ethicists or ethical perspectives do you think are not taught Count enough in the discipline? Feminist Theory 36 Don’t Know 25 Non-Western Perspectives 20 Virtue Ethics 15 African-American Philosophy 11 Ethics of Care 10 Existentialism 10 Natural Law Theory 9 Stoicism 9 Buddhism 7 Confucianism 7 No Opinion 7 Plato 6 Aristotle 5 Marxist Perspectives 5 Non-Traditional Perspectives 5 Simone de Beauvoir 5 Thomas Aquinas 5 Kant 4 Levinasian 4 Native American Ethics 4 Pragmatism 4 Already Offer A Wide Selection 3 Asian Ethical Perspectives 3 Divine Command Theory 3 G.E.M. Anscombe 3 Hegel 3 Henry Sidgwick 3 John Dewey 3 Medieval Traditions 3 Moral Psychology 3 Religious Ethics 3 Spinoza 3 Virtue Theory 3 Augustine 2 Bentham 2 Christian Ethics 2 Common Sense 2 Constructivism 2 Contractualism 2 David Hume 2 Deontology 2 Eastern Ethics 2 Evolutionary Ethics 2 Fichte 2 Foucault 2 Hellenism 2 Hume 2 Iris Murdoch 2 Islamic Perspectives 2 John Locke 2 John Rawls 2 Just War Theory 2 Meta-Ethics 2 Multicultural Perspectives 2 Nietzsche 2 Psychoanalytic Approaches 2 Relativism 2 Ross 2 Sarte 2 Value Pluralism 2 Wittgenstein 2 Only Mentioned Once 112 Other 9

10. Which ethicists or ethical perspectives do you think are taught too much in the discipline? Q10 Ethicists or Ethical Perspectives taught too much Count Utilitarianism 52 Kant (Kantian) 43 Not Sure 32 Mill (Millian) 24 Nothing 21 Deontology 16 Aristotle 14 Ethical Egoism 11 Contractarianism 9 Ayn Rand 9 Relativism 8 Western Philosophy 8 Meta-ethics 7 Christian (Religious) 6 Natural Law 6 Bentham 6 Peter Singer 6 Modern theory 5 John Rawl 5 Divine Command Theory 5 Feminist 5 Virtue theory 5 Consequentialism 5 Plato 4 Nietzsche 4 Cognitivism/Non-cognitivism 3 Abortion 3 20/21 Century Philiosphy 3 Heavy theory 3 Hume 3 Beauchamp 2 Childress 2 Moore 2 Intuititionism 2 Applied Ethics 2 Emotivism 2 Teleology 2 Historical Approaches/Figures 2 Euro-American 2 Analytic Snippet Approach 2 Libertarianism 2 Objectivity/Subjectivity 2 Hobbes 2 Only Mentioned Once 32 Other 19

11. You teach introductory ethics as (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

2 a 100% traditional classroom course 376 94%

1 a 100% online course 45 11%

3 a “hybrid” course 32 8%

12. You teach introductory ethics in a:

# Answer Response %

1 Predominantly value-neutral way 186 49%

3 Even mix of value-neutrality and 131 34% value-transparency

2 Predominantly value-transparent 63 17% way Total 380 100%

13. Your students are required to read from (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

1 Primary Sources 299 75%

4 Instructor compiled readings 224 56%

3 Anthology 164 41%

2 Textbook (non-anthology) 130 32%

5 Instructor created readings 58 14%

6 Instructor created website 57 14%

7 Non-instructor website/s 25 6%

8 Other 17 4%

Other articles conduct research themselves Secondary source journal articles Course reserves/electronic journals/public domain websites for primary sources linked on syllabus. Some books, mostly articles posted to our university's online system There are many texbooks that are a combination of theory, anthology, and applications. I've taught both using entirely instructor-compiled readings and also using an anthology current news sources relevant to topics covered Reconstructions of theories by historians of philosophy Instructor's text Collected scientific papers I do not teach ethics on a regular basis novels and current non-fiction newspapers, magazines youtube videos resources they find for themselves

14. Your students are required to (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

3 Complete exams 304 76%

5 Write multiple non-exam 245 62% short essays

6 Write term paper 211 53%

4 Do in-class active 185 46% learning exercises

2 Complete quizzes 178 45%

8 Do in-class group work 174 44%

9 Do out-of-class group 55 14% work

10 Other 52 13%

1 Complete worksheets 47 12% for assigned readings

7 Do service learning 20 5%

Other Short essay and discussion write summaries of assigned readings, and particpate in class discussion Write three papers argument reconstructions and argument summaries group presentation Group Debate Project presentations Formal rhetorical precis for readings blog keep journals Online discussion 5 one-page analysis papers complete exercises Give presentations Complete a Learning Log each week, based on their readings. Non-exam short essays require students to reflect further on theory, or to apply theory to a current event or personal event issue of their choice; GOAL: to make theory and ethics a live proposition use clickers to answer questions in lecture. Discuss in discussion sections. essays, reading summaries One final Online class discussion comprises the bulk of their work and their assessment. written responses to each reading out-of-class activities write papers Write one short essay Class participation long essays weekly reading guides (short answer) Students complete written reading assignments designed to engage them in the text - I would not call them worksheets... class presentations class presentation Applied ethics exercises Individual presentations and weekly precise oral exams Keep weekly Practice Logs of observing virtues showing up/not showing up NA two essays write several short papers Oral presentations homework questions based on readings in anthology critical summaries Most assignments for responses to assigned readings are heavy in elementary logic training; they have to know HOW to argue before arguing about something. Evaluate ethical cases from the media Team Presentations Write informal and formal critical essays Response papers on each reading write brief reading responses Submit at least two discussion posts weekly unique, non-essay writing assignments - critical consideration of options, without drawing conclusions Online discussions Group presentation on a topic in applied ethics--last term the topic was hunger. write short precis of each reading

15. Your exams include (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

1 Short essays 284 76%

2 Long essays 171 46%

7 Multiple 156 42% Choice

3 True/False 105 28%

6 Take-home 64 17% questions

4 Other 55 15%

5 Matching 56 15%

Q15 Exam Format Count Short answer 16 No exams 11 Identification of quotes or concepts 10 Definitions 4 Fill in the blank 4 Answer and then refute answer 3 Reading Analysis 2 Take-home exam 2 Only Mentioned Once 5

16. For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

1 Not applicable—do not teach 180 68% online or hybrid course

2 Asynchronous 56 21% discussion/chat

9 Text-based lecture notes 48 18%

5 Videos (not created by 43 16% instructor)

7 Worksheets / study guides for 33 13% assigned readings

11 Drop box 26 10%

10 Peer editing/evaluation 20 8%

12 Other 22 8%

4 Group activities 19 7%

6 Instructor created videos 17 6%

3 Synchronous discussion/chat 8 3%

8 Lecture Capture software 6 2%

Other Wiki instructor-made audio lectures (not video) written essays Case study analysis Images, historical backgrounds, timelines, development of philosophical traditions N/A Podcasts (not created by instructor), online websites on specific topics (not created by instructor) Quizzes n/a NA turnitin wikis and blogs, exams, papers audio files (Philosophy Talk) I use Blackboard for turning in all weekly assignments. I don't think this makes my course hybrid, but I wanted to note how important that system is for turning in assignments and allowing students constant access to their grades. Audio Commentaries with Powerpoint slides prezi conferencing/meeting software multiple choice quizzes Blog links to relevant sources and websites Javascript exercises, powerpoints

17. The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

4 Enhance ability to 342 86% understand, respect and reason about ethical disagreements

8 General education 338 85% skills such as analysis, synthesize, critical thinking, etc.

1 Stimulate moral 334 84% imagination/recognition of ethical issues

3 Enhance ethical 328 82% reasoning/decision- making

5 Ensure students 276 69% understand major historical ethicists, theories and methods

6 Ensure students 154 39% understand contemporary ethics and ethicists, theories and methods

7 Develop critically 145 36% examined personal code of ethics

2 Encourage responsible 134 34% behavior

9 Other 26 7%

Other develop professional values Writing think provide introduction to methods of philosophy Be able to situate themselves in the field of ethics. Specifically: that they would be able to identify whose form of reasoning is most like their own, and whose is most unlike their own. In the process, they often add new ways of reasoning. I confess that my goal is, in part, to impart values pluralism in pursuit of wider civility. It is part of why I ALWAYS teach abortion, not just as case studies but as sustained units with multiple perspectives, so as to disrupt the false dichotomy of abortion positions in our society. Enhance student ability to come to a view about controversial issues and to defend that view in a way that others could understand. Learning to read primary texts in a philosophically robust manner improve writing discredit Schwitzgebel's baloney Very different goals for majors vs. non-majors.For non-majors: that philosophy is the primary discipline in all ethical/moral matters. in bioethics only Read unfamiliar texts from the European tradition before 1776. Develop respect for a variety of views; learn how to read different styles of philosophy Prepare students, tot he extent possible, to make morally significant decisions on their own learn that all transactions presuppose ethics, trust, etc realize and evaluate their own pre-existing ethical commitments understand time ethics Develop self-control in handling ethical disagreements catch the philosophical bug Improve students' writing skills Prepare to engage Catholic intellectual tradition and pastoral work Become an independent learner Engage in civil and critical discussion on contentious ethical points introduction to philosophical thinking and analysis in general

18. Estimated time for each listed classroom pedagogy: # Question 0-20% 21- 41- 61- 81- Total Mean 40% 60% 80% 100% Responses 1 Lecture 46 110 121 96 15 388 2.80 2 Full class 72 173 87 24 14 370 2.28 discussion 3 Small group 185 100 10 1 1 297 1.43 discussion 4 Multimedia 205 27 6 3 0 241 1.20 presentation 5 Other 25 7 3 1 1 37 1.54

Q18 Other Classroom Activities Count Student Presentations 5 Group Presentation 4 Debate 4 N/A 3 Panels 2 In-class writing 2 Exams 2 Only Mentioned Once 6

19. Covering the traditional/canonical ethicists and ethical theories is:

# Answer Response %

1 Essential to 253 64% the integrity of the discipline

2 Helpful but 131 33% not essential to the integrity of the discipline

3 Irrelevant to 14 4% the integrity of the discipline Total 398 100%

20. In what ways, if any, do you believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.

# Answer Response %

4 It has become 170 44% more diverse, inclusive of traditionally underrepresented views

1 Not applicable— 150 39% no opinion or lack relevant experience

2 It has become 146 38% less theoretical and more applied

5 It involves greater 134 34% use of computer technology

3 It has been 106 27% “dumbed down” due to lack of student preparedness

6 Other 24 6%

Other It has become diluted: too much applied without the appropriate amount of theory to direct the application. "Applied for the sake of being applied" - but very few even understand *what* is being applied, or know *how* to do it It has become more interdisciplinary It has been dumbed down, not because of the fault of students, because of a profit-based model of higher education and an insistence on quantified measurement of things better measured qualitatively Not enough primary sources The more diverse and sexy coverage has made the subject more inherently relativistic and disintegrated, with no substantial benefit It has not changed nearly as much as I would have hoped. Still canonical historical figures, little new, feminist multicultural perspectives I have no basis for answering this question. The appeal of dilemma and the resultant discussion (often just the voicing of opinions), seems to have driven out the teaching of theory. This makes for dynamic class sessions, from which the student takes away nothing of lasting significance. SOME have attempted to make it more diverse It has become harder to teach owing to student unwilllingness/lack of time to read Just a note--I think the increased 'diversity' is mostly undesirable. broader, more mature perspectives I think that there is less agreement about the effrectiveness of the "moral problemns" and "case studies" approaches that became prevalent in the 80s and 90s (which is not to say that these approaches cannot still be employed effectively). Course content and coverage of issues is far more extensively dictated by agents outside of the discipline. There are more cases (thought experiments) and formal arguments in recent decades It increasingly welcomes non-Western worldviews It has "dumbed down" to suit dominant ideologies no meaningful generalizations more on environmental issues and climate issues Not much change. heavy reliance on identical anthologies, court rulings, little case-based analysis. There are more introductory ethics courses geared toward certain professions perhaps wider split between value-neutral and value-advocating/transparent approaches and, paradoxically, more ambivalence about which is best been dumbed down by 3rd rate analytic approaches

21. Which ethicists, theories, topics or issues, if any, do you believe will receive more attention in introductory ethics courses in the next 10 to 15 years? Q21 Which ethicists, theories, topics or issues, if any, do you believe / Count will receive more attention in introductory ethics courses in the / next 10 to 15 years? I don’t Know/NA 24 Environmental Ethics/Issues 17 Feminism 17 Ethicist (named one) 16 Technology Issues/Ethics: includes Science and Technology 10 Bioethics/Genetics (engineering, enhancement, intervention) 10 Applied Ethics 9 Global Climate Change 9 Animal Ethics/Issues 8 Virtue Ethics 7 Non-Western (approaches, perspectives, thought etc) 7 Moral (issues, pluralism, psy etc.,) 7 Privacy 4 Terrorism 4 Computer ethics 3 “Contractarianism” 3 Other Comments 100

22. Which ethicists, theories, topics or issues, if any, do you believe will receive less attention in introductory ethics courses in the next 10 to 15 years? Q22 Which ethicists, theories, topics or issues, if any, do you believe will Count receive less attention in introductory ethics courses in the next 10 to 15 years? I Don’t Know/NA 37 Gay Rights (marriage, issues) 32 Kantianism/Kant 17 Meta-Ethics 9 Classic Ethicists “The Greats, rules-based, primary) 9 Abortion 8 Religious Ethics 7 Feminism 7 Capital Punishment 7 Utilitarian/Peter Singer 6 “The Traditional” (understandings, figures, theories) 6 Virtue Ethics 5 Ayn Rant/Divine Command Theory 4 History of Ethics 4 Mill 3 Other Comments 59

23. Compared to introductory ethics students in the past, I believe students today:

# Answer Response %

1 Are less 202 52% academically prepared

4 Not 100 26% applicable—no opinion or lack relevant experience

3 Are equally 82 21% academically prepared

2 Are more 4 1% academically prepared Total 388 100%

24. What trend/s or change/s in the discipline that has occurred or is occurring do you agree with? Text Response Diversity in topics. teaching ethics across the curriculum Adjunct unions I don't really know what the trends are I'm in my second semester of tenure-track teaching, so I really don't know. Studying non-Western views. More consideration of how empirical research in moral psychology bears on ethical theorizing Global Ethics, Applied Issues More attention to non-traditional ethicists/ethical issues. Increasing attention to GLBT issues, inclusiveness generally. more student involvement in discussions More emphasis on economic justice; more inclusion of Islamic perspectives; more inclusion of feminist as well as non-Western. the move toward interdisciplinary An openness to multiculturalism, feminism, and sexual minorities Feminist approaches to ethics, narrative approaches, critical race theory. Openess to various cultures, attention to practical issues liberal leanings in applied content inclusion of underrepresented philosophers Toward global and applied ethics More mulitcultural/multiperspectival approach. I'm not sure what this question is asking. can't say. too early in career. N/A More student centered learning? Less focus on lecturing. I am not sure I know the overall trend. My perception is that things are not changing as I would wish, they are the same as 30 years ago for the most part, so I am not sure I can comment on the trends until I read your survey results. I guess I could say I am happy that the APA Eastern division elected Anthony Appiah as a past president and that they have Linda Martin Alcoff. I am glad Claudia Card had leadership in Central APA. These are good developments. An appreciation that students learn better when they are active -- discussing, working in small groups, etc. Use of online resources to make courses more relevant and timely for students. MacIntyre's recovery of virtue ethics and natural law is a very hopeful sign. The trend toward a diversity of viewpoints and theory as well as greater clear about value theory and metaethical debates in introductory courses. More inclusive and socially aware no opinion increased diversity of perspectives, more attention to applied ethics A shift towards a more puralistic approach experimental philosophy The availability of more perspectives on moral issues, including non-western ethical theories and traditions. Increase in the variety of applied topics, and diverse perspectives. Increased concentration on practical issues demonstrates the relevance and importance of moral philosophy to society. I agree with the increase in multicultural philosophical inclusion. More emphasis on feminist philosophies, philosophies of race, queer philosophies, Latin American philosophies, and anarchist philosophies. The trend to examine how philosophy interacts with other humanities disciplines has been great. More focus on application to real life issues. More interest in international affairs. It seems that more ethicists are being produced and there is greater need to sell philosophy to administrative demands. This selling involves philosophers being central to the teaching of any course on values. Making ethics more applicable to everyday life. I think there are very few meaningful changes in the discipline over the time I have been a part of it, and that saddens me. Greater attention to issues of race and gender Diversification More attention to empirical neuropsychology Greater attention on views from women, persons of color, and non-Western philosophers. Not sure I agree with the inclusion of feminist and other "minority-voice" perspectives and the trend to take context seriously. decentering of the Western canon Pluralism and particularism are taken more seriously. More inclusive of alternative viewpoints. No basis for judgment. The emphasis placed on racial and gender equality. More recognition that religion plays a substantially important part in practical ethics. Increasing diversity of perspectives and topics attention to basic reasoning skills: identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the logical structure and plausibility of arguments in texts, and constructing sound or cogent arguments of their own. Increasing diversity of approaches and persons is a good thing. But we need to do more, and integrate it into syllabi/teaching as well as hiring. I think the use of clickers in large classes is a good thing and helps to make a large lecture class more active. I think that paying more attention than we have to the participation of women and racial minorities in our discipline is also a good thing. Tenure is slowly going away, which is wonderful. But sadly philosophers without economic training see the disappearance of tenure as somehow bad for the profession and for students. I see its disappearance as benefiting both students and universities, as well as freshly minted PhDs competing for jobs and willing to take something between adjunct, VAP, and TT. The rediscovery of enlightenment thinkers like Kant Hume and Hegel keeping to traditional approaches Greater emphasis on medical and environmental ethics. The move to include more culturally diverse materials. growing interest in non-Western philosophical traditions and virtue ethics Social philosophy and epistemology, moving away from ELMS, etc. More cognitive science, psychology, evolutionary perspectives More inclusion of feminist ethics and "alternative" approaches to ethics. Practical Application Inclusion of readings by female authors; emphasis on applicability of philosophy to other disciplines and contemporary issues There is a move to include more female philosophers and philosophers of colour on syllabi. I've also noticed that some professors are attempting to incorporate novels, poetry, movies etc. into their syllabi. Integration of differing viewpoints and thought of underrepresented persons, such as feminist ethics/ethics of care, etc. The advancement of "non-traditional" views in all areas of philosophy, as well as principles and policies that favor inclusion, are of critical importance. Increased emphasis on race, gender, sexuality. I don't have sufficient information to make a reasoned judgment. Pluralism Giving more attention to issues of global justice is a good thing. Increased focus on applied ethics. More diverse sources/theories recognized as important Some technology is helpful increasing diversity (more women and minority views represented) The connection between normative ethics and applied ethics. A greater emphasis on theories of the good, rather than just theories of the right. ? None that I'm seeing. Engagement with empirical work in social psychology. The rise of virtue ethics as an alternative to the sharp dichotomy of deontolgy vs consequentialism More attention to feminist ethics and care ethics I like the synthesis that is occuring with the psychological and philosophical aspects of morality I'm not sure--I haven't been teaching long, so it's hard to say what trends are like. Increased respectability of studying ethics issues related to marginalized groups and nonhumans (animals and environment). The trend toward integrating more diverse readings and approaches from classically marginalized locations in the discipline. not sure movement towards more inclusive/disverse readings, some additional emphasis on applied topics More attention to how embodiment figures into formations of value. Allows for theory to take account of non-universal features such as gender and race. Incorporating critical reasoning and basic logical concepts as an adjunct to ethics instruction n/a Honestly I haven't been closely following the ethics literature as it's not my primary research interest. I do like non-cognitivism and in particular quasi-realism, but obviously these aren't cutting edge changes to the discipline. When Philosophy departments are called upon to defend the importance of the Humanities and Liberal Arts, they often offer important arguments (and rhetorically persuasive ones, too). I see a move towards viewing ethics as a necessary part of a liberal arts education and an effort to recenter it as not pure theory but as an academic course that can offer students real life opportunities to reflect and acquire much needed tools for reasoned discourse over differences. More attention to wider range of historical sources & perspectives Greater emphasis on feminist perspectives and on perspectives related to critical race theory

25. What trend/s or change/s in the discipline that has occurred or is occurring do you disagree with? Q25 What trend/s or change/s in the discipline that has occurred or is Count occurring do you disagree with? Shift away from Primary Sources & Theory 45 Moving to MOOC (online instruction/technology preference/lack of discussion) 34 Not Sure/NA/No Comment 19 Politically Correct Ethics: Inclusion of all based on diversity not quality 12 Focus on current debates/issues/pop culture 9 Less emphasis/attention of ethics/history of ethics 8 Increased focus on Meta-ethics 5 Feminist Ethics 5 None (None yet) 4 Same as above (see previous comments) 3 All Post ethics: across all disciplines 3 Increase in adjuncts (University depends on contingent labor): more intro- 3 classes taught Students decrease in writing; not prepared 3 Other Comments 50

26. In your opinion, most of your students perceive introductory ethics as:

# Answer Response %

2 Moderately relevant to their 178 46% interests and needs

3 Slightly relevant to their 99 25% interests and needs

1 Highly relevant to their 58 15% interests and needs.

4 Not relevant to their interests 42 11% and needs

5 Not applicable—no opinion or 14 4% lack relevant data Total 391 100%

27. In order to make your course more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

1 Changed course content 249 64%

2 Changed teaching methods 233 60%

3 Changed assignments 218 56%

4 Started using technology in the 116 30% classroom

6 Not applicable—have not 59 15% changed course to make more relevant

5 Other 31 8%

Other I do what I've always done--learn about student interest, and show them how ethical questions are intertwined with those interests Adopted multicultural approach Allow for more student choice of material. Mandatory retirement age Reorganized course material to directly address their doubts about relevance of academic study of ethics my courses have always been geared to relevance Surveyed program faculty to create cases related to students' professions Done a good deal of reading in my students' fields of education, so that I can show tem how ethic skills will serve them in their disciplines. Allow students to have some choice of topic on all essays, whether short reflection papers or term papers. Nothing Use a lot of resources that fit my student demographic (I teach at a university that serves a particular population) My course is not about moral decision making so none of these options make sense. "Changed" means "experimented with." I often allow students to vote about what ethical issues they wish to discuss. foregone philosophical texts for examples from popular culture. convinced students that their perception of irrelevance was mistaken Focus far less on primary source texts than I did when I began teaching ethics courses as a graduate student several decades ago! Using websites added more small group work, required hypothetical ethical questions to be part of small group discussion, and included reference to theory within those small group discussion questions. Experiment with different example to discover which cases they respond to. Better texts Using pop music and pop culture references. I started off trying to make it relevant, and so didn't make any changes I have never felt that my students did not find it highly relevant; I am constantly changing content, methods, etc. So this question doesn't make sense to me. Complete redesign added time ethics asked students what questions bother them, why they took course Assigned a civic engagement assignment. incentivized one on one contact with me in office hours as a tool for practicing philosophical conversation brought in non-philosophy sources (pop culture, art, etc.)

28. What is your highest educational degree?

# Answer Response %

3 Ph.D 318 82%

2 A.B.D. 33 9%

1 M.A. 28 7%

4 Other 9 2% Total 388 100%

Other D. Min None M.A., working on PhD I am currently in pursuit of Ph.D. while I take time off from teaching. J,D. D.Min. Bachelors M.F.A. M. Phil.

29. In what academic discipline is your highest educational degree?

# Answer Response %

1 Philosophy 370 95%

2 Other 19 5% Total 389 100%

Other Humanities Theology Islamic Studies Political Science Bioethics Critical and Creative Thinking Intellectual history Law Bioethics Political Science Classics Social Thought Intellectual History Ministry History Political philosophy History of Ideas Writing

30. What is your current academic rank / position?

# Answer Response %

1 Adjunct / 92 24% Lecturer

2 Assistant 80 21% Professor

4 Full Professor 80 21%

3 Associate 74 19% Professor

5 Other 62 16% Total 388 100%

Q30 Academic Rank Count Full-time Instructor 13 Graduate Instructional Assistant 8 Visiting Assistant Professor 5 Post-Doctoral 5 Graduate Instructor 4 Graduate Student 4 Teaching Assistant 4 Doctoral Student 3 Teaching Fellow 3 Retired 3 Visiting Professor 2 Professor Emeritus 2 Only Mentioned Once 5

31. What is your standard teaching /course load per year?

# Answer Response %

5 Other 116 30%

1 Four 3-credit 85 22% courses each semester

4 Two 3-credit 80 21% courses each semester

3 Three 3-credit 77 20% courses each semester

2 Three 4-credit 29 7% courses each semester Total 387 100%

Q31 What is your standard teaching /course load per year?-TEXT Count Five- 3 credit courses/ semester 19 One-3 credit course per semester 15 One-4 credit course per semester/quarter 13 One credit/course each semester 13 Four courses per year/term 6 Two courses per semester (3/4 credits) 5 Seven- 3 credit courses each year 4 Three courses per quarter/term 3 Varies 3 NA 3 TA/Graduate Student Instructor 3 Other 10

32. What is your tenure status?

# Answer Response %

1 Not in tenure 167 43% track

3 Have tenure 158 41%

2 In tenure 60 16% track Total 385 100%

33. What is your biological sex?

# Answer Response %

1 Male 268 70%

2 Female 112 29%

3 Other 2 1% Total 382 100%

34. Use the U.S Census Bureau definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.

# Answer Response %

6 White. (Origins in Europe, 348 95% the Middle East, or North Africa)

2 Asian. (Origins in the Far 12 3% East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent)

1 American Indian or Alaska 6 2% Native. (Origins in North, Central or South America)

3 Black or African American. 6 2% (Origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa)

4 Hispanic or Latino. (A 9 2% person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race)

5 Native Hawaiian or Other 2 1% Pacific Islander. (Origins in Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands)

35. What is your age?

# Answer Response %

2 30 to 39 137 36%

3 40 to 49 90 24%

4 50 to 59 55 15%

5 60 to 69 47 12%

1 20 to 29 38 10%

6 70 or more 11 3% Total 378 100%

36. In your career, how many sections of introductory ethics have you taught?

# Answer Response %

4 20 or more 151 39%

3 10 to 19 89 23%

1 1 to 4 80 21%

2 5 to 9 65 17% Total 385 100%

37. At what type of academic institution do you teach?

# Answer Response %

4 Public college 178 46% or university

2 Private non- 79 20% religiously affiliated college or university

3 Private 73 19% religiously affiliated college or university

1 Community 39 10% College

5 Other 17 4% Total 386 100%

Other Formerly at CC I last taught at private religiously affiliated college. I am currently working, but not teaching, at a private non-religiously affiliated university. community college and private non-religiously affiliated college multiple schools military graduate research school private preparatory school multiple universities variable Both Community Colleges and Private, religiously affiliated colleges Both private religiously affiliated and non affiliated college or university community colleges, senior colleges, and research universities public high school Community college and public universities Catholic Seminary Both community college and private religious affiliated university. For-profit college or university

38. What is the highest level philosophy program offered at your institution?

# Answer Response %

3 B.A. in 171 44% Philosophy

5 Ph.D. in 97 25% Philosophy

1 No philosophy 49 13% major or minor

2 Minor in 29 8% Philosophy

4 M.A. in 25 6% Philosophy

6 Other 15 4% Total 386 100%

Other 2-year Associate of Arts with Emphasis in Philosophy I teach for the online division of my university; I am not part of an academic department and have little knowledge of the majors/minors available to online students B.A. in Philosophy and Religion B. Phil. A.A. in philosophy A. A. Philosophy 2-yr college attached to 4-yr university, so any majors and minors are earned later B.S. in Philosophy (requires a second BS major field) AA in Philosophy and Religious Studies Associate Degree "major" in Philosophy but only 2 year program one semester elective A.A. in Philosophy MA in Catholic Philosophical Studies

39. How many students typically enroll in one section of your introductory ethics course?

# Answer Response %

3 20 to 29 130 34%

4 30 to 39 121 31%

2 10 to 19 47 12%

5 40 to 49 38 10%

6 50 to 99 24 6%

7 100 or more 23 6%

1 1 to 9 3 1% Total 386 100%

40. How many sections of introductory ethics are taught each year in your department?

# Answer Response %

1 1 to 5 190 50%

2 6 to 10 98 26%

3 11 or more 95 25% Total 383 100%

41. Your introductory ethics class is a (select all that apply):

# Answer Response %

2 General Education elective 240 63%

4 Philosophy elective 156 41%

3 Philosophy requirement 146 38%

1 General Education 134 35% requirement

5 Other 37 10%

Other Requirement for some areas Requirement for Bioethics Master's Degree Requirement for interdisciplinary major involving philosophy Fulfills a general ed requirement PPE requirement It fulfills a Gen. Ed. requirement, but is not specifically required. Requirement of the Criminal Justice Major, elective for some other programs. Humanities credit Business degree requirement Health Care Major Requirement critical thinking and writing elective It satisfies a requirement but is not itself a requirement. Health sciences elective Writing Requirement other major rec. Requirement to enter nursing program core requirement for other select majors (e.g., nursing) selected program requirement religious studies Course is however required for Nursing and Business majors Ethics, Politics & Economics requirement College of Business required elective Required foe nursing degree Business Course Required for Business degrees Requirement for certain majors it is one way to fill the Gen Ed requirement Requirement for Ethics and Public Policy track of the major elective Required for the ethics minor Psych Major requirement elective for several other programs satisfy PPE (Philosophy, Politics, Econ) major requirement ethics requirement for other degree programs (STEM fields) Elective for some majors (e.g. education) Requirement in several other programs.

Crosstabs

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Plato * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 139 54 193 in your class are (select all that apply):-Plato Selected 127 58 185

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .515a 1 .473 Continuity Correctionb .366 1 .545 Likelihood Ratio .515 1 .473 Fisher's Exact Test .500 .273 Linear-by-Linear Association .514 1 .474

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 54.81. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Aristotle * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 52 20 72 in your class are (select all that apply):-Aristotle Selected 214 92 306

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .146a 1 .702 Continuity Correctionb .057 1 .811 Likelihood Ratio .148 1 .701 Fisher's Exact Test .775 .410 Linear-by-Linear Association .146 1 .702

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.33. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Confucius * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 247 101 348 in your class are (select all that apply):-Confucius Selected 19 11 30

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .774a 1 .379 Continuity Correctionb .451 1 .502 Likelihood Ratio .746 1 .388 Fisher's Exact Test .407 .247 Linear-by-Linear Association .772 1 .380

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.89. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Gautama Buddha * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 253 106 359 in your class are (select all that apply):-Gautama Buddha Selected 13 6 19

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .036a 1 .849 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .036 1 .849 Fisher's Exact Test .802 .514 Linear-by-Linear Association .036 1 .849

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.63. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Epicurus * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 235 97 332 in your class are (select all that apply):-Epicurus Selected 31 15 46

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .223a 1 .637 Continuity Correctionb .090 1 .764 Likelihood Ratio .219 1 .639 Fisher's Exact Test .610 .376 Linear-by-Linear Association .222 1 .637

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 13.63. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Jesus * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 257 107 364 in your class are (select all that apply):-Jesus Selected 9 5 14

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .258a 1 .611 Continuity Correctionb .044 1 .834 Likelihood Ratio .250 1 .617 Fisher's Exact Test .566 .403 Linear-by-Linear Association .257 1 .612

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.15. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Augustine of Hippo * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 246 109 355 in your class are (select all that apply):-Augustine of Selected 20 3 23 Hippo

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.231a 1 .072 Continuity Correctionb 2.440 1 .118 Likelihood Ratio 3.738 1 .053 Fisher's Exact Test .098 .053 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.223 1 .073

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.81. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Mohammed * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 263 112 375 in your class are (select all that apply):-Mohammed Selected 3 0 3

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.273a 1 .259 Continuity Correctionb .244 1 .622 Likelihood Ratio 2.118 1 .146 Fisher's Exact Test .558 .347 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.270 1 .260

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .89. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moses Maimonides * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 263 111 374 in your class are (select all that apply):-Moses Selected 3 1 4 Maimonides

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .042a 1 .838 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .043 1 .836 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .658 Linear-by-Linear Association .041 1 .839

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.19. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Thomas Aquinas * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 180 88 268 in your class are (select all that apply):-Thomas Aquinas Selected 86 24 110

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.540a 1 .033 Continuity Correctionb 4.027 1 .045 Likelihood Ratio 4.712 1 .030 Fisher's Exact Test .035 .021 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.528 1 .033

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 32.59. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Avicenna * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 265 111 376 in your class are (select all that apply):-Avicenna Selected 1 1 2

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .400a 1 .527 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .365 1 .546 Fisher's Exact Test .505 .505 Linear-by-Linear Association .399 1 .528

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .59. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Thomas Hobbes * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 189 84 273 in your class are (select all that apply):-Thomas Hobbes Selected 77 28 105

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .612a 1 .434 Continuity Correctionb .431 1 .511 Likelihood Ratio .620 1 .431 Fisher's Exact Test .454 .257 Linear-by-Linear Association .611 1 .435

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 31.11. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Thomas Reid * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 266 112 378 in your class are (select all that apply):-Thomas Reid

Total 266 112 378

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-David Hume * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 185 80 265 in your class are (select all that apply):-David Hume Selected 81 32 113

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .133a 1 .715 Continuity Correctionb .058 1 .809 Likelihood Ratio .134 1 .715 Fisher's Exact Test .806 .407 Linear-by-Linear Association .133 1 .716

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 33.48. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Mary Wollstonecraft * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 258 108 366 in your class are (select all that apply):-Mary Selected 8 4 12 Wollstonecraft

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .082a 1 .775 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .080 1 .778 Fisher's Exact Test .755 .497 Linear-by-Linear Association .081 1 .776

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-John Locke * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 233 106 339 in your class are (select all that apply):-John Locke Selected 33 6 39 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.232a 1 .040 Continuity Correctionb 3.505 1 .061 Likelihood Ratio 4.734 1 .030 Fisher's Exact Test .042 .026 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.221 1 .040

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 11.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Soren Kierkegaard * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 252 105 357 in your class are (select all that apply):-Soren Selected 14 7 21 Kierkegaard

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .146a 1 .702 Continuity Correctionb .019 1 .891 Likelihood Ratio .143 1 .705 Fisher's Exact Test .806 .434 Linear-by-Linear Association .146 1 .702

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.22. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Jeremy Bentham * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 145 65 210 in your class are (select all that apply):-Jeremy Bentham Selected 121 47 168

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .396a 1 .529 Continuity Correctionb .267 1 .606 Likelihood Ratio .397 1 .528 Fisher's Exact Test .572 .303 Linear-by-Linear Association .395 1 .529

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 49.78. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-John Stuart Mill * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 35 9 44 in your class are (select all that apply):-John Stuart Mill Selected 231 103 334 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.010a 1 .156 Continuity Correctionb 1.543 1 .214 Likelihood Ratio 2.141 1 .143 Fisher's Exact Test .218 .105 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.005 1 .157

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 13.04. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Immanual Kant * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 23 6 29 in your class are (select all that apply):-Immanual Kant Selected 243 106 349

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.204a 1 .273 Continuity Correctionb .784 1 .376 Likelihood Ratio 1.284 1 .257 Fisher's Exact Test .397 .189 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.201 1 .273

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.59. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Karl Marx * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 246 103 349 in your class are (select all that apply):-Karl Marx Selected 20 9 29

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .030a 1 .863 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .029 1 .864 Fisher's Exact Test .835 .506 Linear-by-Linear Association .030 1 .863

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.59. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Friedrich Nietzsche * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 208 82 290 in your class are (select all that apply):-Friedrich Selected 58 30 88 Nietzsche Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.095a 1 .295 Continuity Correctionb .834 1 .361 Likelihood Ratio 1.075 1 .300 Fisher's Exact Test .351 .180 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.092 1 .296

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 26.07. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-W.D. Ross * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 224 87 311 in your class are (select all that apply):-W.D. Ross Selected 42 25 67

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.306a 1 .129 Continuity Correctionb 1.880 1 .170 Likelihood Ratio 2.230 1 .135 Fisher's Exact Test .141 .087 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.300 1 .129

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 19.85. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 182 61 243 in your class are (select all that apply):-Other Selected 84 51 135

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 6.687a 1 .010 Continuity Correctionb 6.093 1 .014 Likelihood Ratio 6.573 1 .010 Fisher's Exact Test .013 .007 Linear-by-Linear Association 6.669 1 .010

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 40.00. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Abul Ala Maududi * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 264 112 376 in your class are (select all that apply):-Abul Ala Maududi Selected 2 0 2 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .847a 1 .358 Continuity Correctionb .021 1 .886 Likelihood Ratio 1.410 1 .235 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .495 Linear-by-Linear Association .844 1 .358

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .59. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-G.E.M. Anscombe * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 245 100 345 in your class are (select all that apply):-G.E.M. Anscombe Selected 21 12 33

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .786a 1 .375 Continuity Correctionb .472 1 .492 Likelihood Ratio .759 1 .384 Fisher's Exact Test .425 .242 Linear-by-Linear Association .784 1 .376

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 9.78. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Dietrich Bonhoeffer * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 263 111 374 in your class are (select all that apply):-Dietrich Selected 3 1 4 Bonhoeffer

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .042a 1 .838 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .043 1 .836 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .658 Linear-by-Linear Association .041 1 .839

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.19. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Mohandas Ghandhi * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 260 104 364 in your class are (select all that apply):-Mohandas Selected 6 8 14 Ghandhi Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 5.278a 1 .022 Continuity Correctionb 3.997 1 .046 Likelihood Ratio 4.755 1 .029 Fisher's Exact Test .033 .027 Linear-by-Linear Association 5.264 1 .022

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.15. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-C.L. Stevenson * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 258 108 366 in your class are (select all that apply):-C.L. Stevenson Selected 8 4 12

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .082a 1 .775 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .080 1 .778 Fisher's Exact Test .755 .497 Linear-by-Linear Association .081 1 .776

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Bernard Williams * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 225 88 313 in your class are (select all that apply):-Bernard Williams Selected 41 24 65

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.003a 1 .157 Continuity Correctionb 1.603 1 .206 Likelihood Ratio 1.939 1 .164 Fisher's Exact Test .179 .104 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.997 1 .158

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 19.26. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Emmanual Levinas * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 258 108 366 in your class are (select all that apply):-Emmanual Selected 8 4 12 Levinas Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .082a 1 .775 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .080 1 .778 Fisher's Exact Test .755 .497 Linear-by-Linear Association .081 1 .776

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Jean Paul Sartre * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 232 97 329 in your class are (select all that apply):-Jean Paul Sartre Selected 34 15 49

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .026a 1 .872 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .026 1 .872 Fisher's Exact Test .868 .496 Linear-by-Linear Association .026 1 .872

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.52. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Philippa Foot * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 216 90 306 in your class are (select all that apply):-Philippa Foot Selected 50 22 72

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .037a 1 .848 Continuity Correctionb .002 1 .962 Likelihood Ratio .036 1 .849 Fisher's Exact Test .886 .476 Linear-by-Linear Association .036 1 .849

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.33. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Alasdair Macintyre * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 241 103 344 in your class are (select all that apply):-Alasdair Selected 25 9 34 Macintyre Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .179a 1 .672 Continuity Correctionb .051 1 .821 Likelihood Ratio .182 1 .669 Fisher's Exact Test .844 .419 Linear-by-Linear Association .178 1 .673

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10.07. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Peter Singer * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 149 58 207 in your class are (select all that apply):-Peter Singer Selected 117 54 171

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .569a 1 .451 Continuity Correctionb .411 1 .521 Likelihood Ratio .568 1 .451 Fisher's Exact Test .498 .260 Linear-by-Linear Association .568 1 .451

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 50.67. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ayn Rand * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 234 100 334 in your class are (select all that apply):-Ayn Rand Selected 32 12 44

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .133a 1 .716 Continuity Correctionb .036 1 .850 Likelihood Ratio .135 1 .714 Fisher's Exact Test .861 .432 Linear-by-Linear Association .132 1 .716

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 13.04. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Carol Gilligan * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 226 78 304 in your class are (select all that apply):-Carol Gilligan Selected 40 34 74 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 11.748a 1 .001 Continuity Correctionb 10.796 1 .001 Likelihood Ratio 11.093 1 .001 Fisher's Exact Test .001 .001 Linear-by-Linear Association 11.717 1 .001

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.93. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Martin Buber * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 259 110 369 in your class are (select all that apply):-Martin Buber Selected 7 2 9

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .243a 1 .622 Continuity Correctionb .015 1 .902 Likelihood Ratio .256 1 .613 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .471 Linear-by-Linear Association .242 1 .623

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.67. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Alison Jagger * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 259 106 365 in your class are (select all that apply):-Alison Jagger Selected 7 6 13

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.763a 1 .184 Continuity Correctionb 1.038 1 .308 Likelihood Ratio 1.632 1 .201 Fisher's Exact Test .218 .154 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.758 1 .185

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.85. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Albert Schweitzer * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 265 111 376 in your class are (select all that apply):-Albert Schweitzer Selected 1 1 2 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .400a 1 .527 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .365 1 .546 Fisher's Exact Test .505 .505 Linear-by-Linear Association .399 1 .528

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .59. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Aldo Leopold * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 251 108 359 in your class are (select all that apply):-Aldo Leopold Selected 15 4 19

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .706a 1 .401 Continuity Correctionb .339 1 .560 Likelihood Ratio .752 1 .386 Fisher's Exact Test .606 .288 Linear-by-Linear Association .704 1 .401

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.63. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Amartya Sen * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 258 106 364 in your class are (select all that apply):-Amartya Sen Selected 8 6 14

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.220a 1 .269 Continuity Correctionb .650 1 .420 Likelihood Ratio 1.143 1 .285 Fisher's Exact Test .370 .206 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.217 1 .270

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.15. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Vine Deloria, Jr. * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 265 112 377 in your class are (select all that apply):-Vine Deloria, Jr. Selected 1 0 1 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .422a 1 .516 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .704 1 .401 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .704 Linear-by-Linear Association .421 1 .516

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .30. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-R.M. Hare * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 254 106 360 in your class are (select all that apply):-R.M. Hare Selected 12 6 18

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .124a 1 .724 Continuity Correctionb .008 1 .930 Likelihood Ratio .122 1 .727 Fisher's Exact Test .792 .452 Linear-by-Linear Association .124 1 .725

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.33. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Christine Korsgaard * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 246 99 345 in your class are (select all that apply):-Christine Selected 20 13 33 Korsgaard

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.653a 1 .199 Continuity Correctionb 1.180 1 .277 Likelihood Ratio 1.576 1 .209 Fisher's Exact Test .231 .139 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.649 1 .199

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 9.78. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary ethicists covered in your class are (select all that apply):-G. E. Moore * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary ethicists covered Not Selected 237 104 341 in your class are (select all that apply):-G. E. Moore Selected 29 8 37 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.261a 1 .261 Continuity Correctionb .872 1 .351 Likelihood Ratio 1.332 1 .248 Fisher's Exact Test .344 .176 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.258 1 .262

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10.96. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moral realism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 81 39 120 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moral realism Selected 161 60 221

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.081a 1 .299 Continuity Correctionb .837 1 .360 Likelihood Ratio 1.070 1 .301 Fisher's Exact Test .319 .180 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.078 1 .299

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 34.84. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Constructivism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 183 68 251 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Constructivism Selected 59 31 90

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.738a 1 .187 Continuity Correctionb 1.400 1 .237 Likelihood Ratio 1.703 1 .192 Fisher's Exact Test .223 .119 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.733 1 .188

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 26.13. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Cognitivism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 177 76 253 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Cognitivism Selected 65 23 88

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .483a 1 .487 Continuity Correctionb .312 1 .577 Likelihood Ratio .489 1 .484 Fisher's Exact Test .586 .291 Linear-by-Linear Association .481 1 .488

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 25.55. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Non-cognitivism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 177 78 255 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Non-cognitivism Selected 65 21 86

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.188a 1 .276 Continuity Correctionb .908 1 .341 Likelihood Ratio 1.216 1 .270 Fisher's Exact Test .336 .171 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.185 1 .276

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 24.97. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moral universalism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 138 57 195 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moral universalism Selected 104 42 146

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .009a 1 .926 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .009 1 .926 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .512 Linear-by-Linear Association .009 1 .926

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 42.39. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Naturalism * What is your biological sex? Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 155 63 218 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Naturalism Selected 87 36 123

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .005a 1 .942 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .005 1 .943 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .519 Linear-by-Linear Association .005 1 .943

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 35.71. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Non-naturalism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 205 84 289 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Non- Selected 37 15 52 naturalism

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .001a 1 .974 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .001 1 .974 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .559 Linear-by-Linear Association .001 1 .974

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 15.10. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Relativism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 47 19 66 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Relativism Selected 195 80 275

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .002a 1 .961 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .002 1 .961 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .546 Linear-by-Linear Association .002 1 .961

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 19.16. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Subjectivism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 115 60 175 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Selected 127 39 166 Subjectivism

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.815a 1 .028 Continuity Correctionb 4.306 1 .038 Likelihood Ratio 4.846 1 .028 Fisher's Exact Test .032 .019 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.801 1 .028

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 48.19. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moral Nihilism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 160 73 233 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moral Nihilism Selected 82 26 108

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.886a 1 .170 Continuity Correctionb 1.550 1 .213 Likelihood Ratio 1.926 1 .165 Fisher's Exact Test .200 .106 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.880 1 .170

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 31.35. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ideal Observer Theory * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 219 90 309 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ideal Observer Selected 23 9 32 Theory

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .014a 1 .905 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .014 1 .905 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .543 Linear-by-Linear Association .014 1 .906

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 9.29. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Divine Command Theory * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 95 48 143 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Divine Command Selected 147 51 198 Theory

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.457a 1 .117 Continuity Correctionb 2.093 1 .148 Likelihood Ratio 2.442 1 .118 Fisher's Exact Test .147 .074 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.450 1 .118

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 41.52. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Value Monism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 203 77 280 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Value Monism Selected 39 22 61

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.784a 1 .182 Continuity Correctionb 1.392 1 .238 Likelihood Ratio 1.727 1 .189 Fisher's Exact Test .213 .120 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.778 1 .182

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.71. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Value Pluralism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 162 65 227 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Value Pluralism Selected 80 34 114

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .052a 1 .819 Continuity Correctionb .010 1 .919 Likelihood Ratio .052 1 .820 Fisher's Exact Test .899 .457 Linear-by-Linear Association .052 1 .820

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 33.10. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moral Intuitionism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 182 71 253 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moral Intuitionism Selected 60 28 88

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .447a 1 .504 Continuity Correctionb .283 1 .595 Likelihood Ratio .442 1 .506 Fisher's Exact Test .499 .295 Linear-by-Linear Association .445 1 .504

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 25.55. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The meta-ethical approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The meta-ethical Not Selected 211 92 303 approaches/theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Other Selected 31 7 38

Total 242 99 341

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.337a 1 .126 Continuity Correctionb 1.793 1 .181 Likelihood Ratio 2.529 1 .112 Fisher's Exact Test .183 .087 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.330 1 .127

N of Valid Cases 341 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 11.03. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Crosstabs

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Deontology * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 26 9 35 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Deontology Selected 236 100 336

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .250a 1 .617 Continuity Correctionb .093 1 .760 Likelihood Ratio .256 1 .613 Fisher's Exact Test .700 .388 Linear-by-Linear Association .250 1 .617

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10.28. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Teleology * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 109 47 156 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Teleology Selected 153 62 215

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .073a 1 .788 Continuity Correctionb .024 1 .878 Likelihood Ratio .073 1 .788 Fisher's Exact Test .818 .438 Linear-by-Linear Association .072 1 .788

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 45.83. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethics of Care * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 163 49 212 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Ethics of Care Selected 99 60 159

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 9.363a 1 .002 Continuity Correctionb 8.672 1 .003 Likelihood Ratio 9.307 1 .002 Fisher's Exact Test .003 .002 Linear-by-Linear Association 9.338 1 .002

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 46.71. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Virtue-based ethics * What is your biological sex? Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 35 13 48 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Virtue-based ethics Selected 227 96 323

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .140a 1 .708 Continuity Correctionb .042 1 .838 Likelihood Ratio .142 1 .706 Fisher's Exact Test .865 .426 Linear-by-Linear Association .140 1 .708

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.10. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Rule-based ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 126 40 166 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Rule- based ethics Selected 136 69 205

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.042a 1 .044 Continuity Correctionb 3.594 1 .058 Likelihood Ratio 4.084 1 .043 Fisher's Exact Test .051 .029 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.031 1 .045

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 48.77. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Rights-based ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 151 59 210 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Rights-based ethics Selected 111 50 161

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .385a 1 .535 Continuity Correctionb .256 1 .613 Likelihood Ratio .384 1 .535 Fisher's Exact Test .566 .306 Linear-by-Linear Association .384 1 .535

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 47.30. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Natural Law * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 130 60 190 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Natural Law Selected 132 49 181

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .908a 1 .341 Continuity Correctionb .703 1 .402 Likelihood Ratio .909 1 .340 Fisher's Exact Test .363 .201 Linear-by-Linear Association .905 1 .341

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 53.18. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Confucian ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 243 97 340 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Confucian ethics Selected 19 12 31

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.419a 1 .234 Continuity Correctionb .971 1 .324 Likelihood Ratio 1.354 1 .245 Fisher's Exact Test .302 .162 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.415 1 .234

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 9.11. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Native American ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 254 104 358 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Native American ethics Selected 8 5 13

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .536a 1 .464 Continuity Correctionb .178 1 .673 Likelihood Ratio .510 1 .475 Fisher's Exact Test .537 .325 Linear-by-Linear Association .534 1 .465

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.82. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Buddhist ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 243 98 341 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Buddhist ethics Selected 19 11 30

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .835a 1 .361 Continuity Correctionb .497 1 .481 Likelihood Ratio .804 1 .370 Fisher's Exact Test .404 .237 Linear-by-Linear Association .833 1 .361

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.81. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Utilitarianism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 23 10 33 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Utilitarianism Selected 239 99 338

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .015a 1 .903 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .015 1 .903 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .522 Linear-by-Linear Association .015 1 .903

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 9.70. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 241 98 339 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Other Selected 21 11 32

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .421a 1 .516 Continuity Correctionb .199 1 .656 Likelihood Ratio .410 1 .522 Fisher's Exact Test .545 .321 Linear-by-Linear Association .420 1 .517

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 9.40. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethical Egoism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 131 56 187 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Ethical Egoism Selected 131 53 184

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .058a 1 .809 Continuity Correctionb .016 1 .899 Likelihood Ratio .058 1 .809 Fisher's Exact Test .821 .449 Linear-by-Linear Association .058 1 .809

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 54.06. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Contractarianism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 164 73 237 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Contractarianism Selected 98 36 134

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .639a 1 .424 Continuity Correctionb .464 1 .496 Likelihood Ratio .644 1 .422 Fisher's Exact Test .477 .249 Linear-by-Linear Association .637 1 .425

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 39.37. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Kantian ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 33 9 42 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-

( pp y) Kantian ethics Selected 229 100 329

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.443a 1 .230 Continuity Correctionb 1.043 1 .307 Likelihood Ratio 1.524 1 .217 Fisher's Exact Test .282 .153 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.439 1 .230

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.34. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-African ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 259 104 363 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- African ethics Selected 3 5 8

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.323a 1 .038 Continuity Correctionb 2.845 1 .092 Likelihood Ratio 3.844 1 .050 Fisher's Exact Test .051 .051 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.311 1 .038

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.35. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Daoist ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 255 102 357 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Daoist ethics Selected 7 7 14

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.981a 1 .084 Continuity Correctionb 2.038 1 .153 Likelihood Ratio 2.723 1 .099 Fisher's Exact Test .130 .081 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.973 1 .085

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.11. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Islamic ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 256 103 359 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Islamic ethics Selected 6 6 12

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.541a 1 .111 Continuity Correctionb 1.618 1 .203 Likelihood Ratio 2.320 1 .128 Fisher's Exact Test .119 .105 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.534 1 .111

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.53. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Christian ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 214 96 310 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Christian ethics Selected 48 13 61

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.291a 1 .130 Continuity Correctionb 1.849 1 .174 Likelihood Ratio 2.411 1 .121 Fisher's Exact Test .166 .085 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.284 1 .131

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.92. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Buddhist ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 255 101 356 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Buddhist ethics Selected 7 8 15

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.323a 1 .038 Continuity Correctionb 3.203 1 .073 Likelihood Ratio 3.916 1 .048 Fisher's Exact Test .046 .041 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.311 1 .038

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.41. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Jewish ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 252 107 359 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Jewish ethics Selected 10 2 12

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .966a 1 .326 Continuity Correctionb .437 1 .509 Likelihood Ratio 1.074 1 .300 Fisher's Exact Test .521 .264 Linear-by-Linear Association .963 1 .326

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.53. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The normative approaches/ theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Existential ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The normative approaches/ Not Selected 200 78 278 theories covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Existential ethics Selected 62 31 93

Total 262 109 371

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .935a 1 .334 Continuity Correctionb .698 1 .403 Likelihood Ratio .920 1 .337 Fisher's Exact Test .358 .201 Linear-by-Linear Association .932 1 .334

N of Valid Cases 371 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27.32. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Medical ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 139 45 184 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Medical Selected 109 61 170 ethics

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 5.499a 1 .019 Continuity Correctionb 4.968 1 .026 Likelihood Ratio 5.508 1 .019 Fisher's Exact Test .021 .013 Linear-by-Linear Association 5.484 1 .019

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 50.90. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Professional ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 201 76 277 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Professional ethics Selected 47 30 77

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.815a 1 .051 Continuity Correctionb 3.285 1 .070 Likelihood Ratio 3.686 1 .055 Fisher's Exact Test .067 .037 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.804 1 .051

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 23.06. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethics and the media * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 213 90 303 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethics and the media Selected 35 16 51

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .058a 1 .810 Continuity Correctionb .006 1 .940 Likelihood Ratio .058 1 .810 Fisher's Exact Test .869 .464 Linear-by-Linear Association .058 1 .810

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 15.27. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Environmental ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 136 55 191 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Environmental ethics Selected 112 51 163

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .260a 1 .610 Continuity Correctionb .155 1 .694 Likelihood Ratio .260 1 .610 Fisher's Exact Test .642 .346 Linear-by-Linear Association .260 1 .610

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 48.81. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Feminist ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 157 49 206 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Feminist ethics Selected 91 57 148

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 8.904a 1 .003 Continuity Correctionb 8.216 1 .004 Likelihood Ratio 8.837 1 .003 Fisher's Exact Test .003 .002 Linear-by-Linear Association 8.879 1 .003

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 44.32. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Business ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 203 90 293 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Business ethics Selected 45 16 61

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .485a 1 .486 Continuity Correctionb .294 1 .587 Likelihood Ratio .495 1 .482 Fisher's Exact Test .541 .297 Linear-by-Linear Association .483 1 .487

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.27. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Aesthetics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 232 97 329 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Selected 16 9 25 Aesthetics

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .470a 1 .493 Continuity Correctionb .211 1 .646 Likelihood Ratio .456 1 .500 Fisher's Exact Test .502 .316 Linear-by-Linear Association .469 1 .493

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.49. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethics and Science * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 203 79 282 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethics and Science Selected 45 27 72

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.460a 1 .117 Continuity Correctionb 2.029 1 .154 Likelihood Ratio 2.386 1 .122 Fisher's Exact Test .149 .079 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.453 1 .117

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethics and Technology * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 198 82 280 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Ethics and Technology Selected 50 24 74

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .276a 1 .599 Continuity Correctionb .147 1 .702 Likelihood Ratio .273 1 .601 Fisher's Exact Test .669 .347 Linear-by-Linear Association .276 1 .600

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 22.16. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 212 92 304 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Other Selected 36 14 50

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .105a 1 .746 Continuity Correctionb .025 1 .875 Likelihood Ratio .106 1 .745 Fisher's Exact Test .868 .444 Linear-by-Linear Association .105 1 .746

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.97. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Global Justice * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 153 67 220 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Global Selected 95 39 134 Justice

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .072a 1 .788 Continuity Correctionb .022 1 .881 Likelihood Ratio .073 1 .788 Fisher's Exact Test .812 .442 Linear-by-Linear Association .072 1 .788

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 40.12. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Gay and Lesbian Rights * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 188 77 265 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Gay and Lesbian Rights Selected 60 29 89

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .395a 1 .530 Continuity Correctionb .245 1 .621 Likelihood Ratio .391 1 .532 Fisher's Exact Test .593 .308 Linear-by-Linear Association .394 1 .530

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 26.65. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Just War * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 148 85 233 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Just Selected 100 21 121 War

Total 248 106 354 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 13.887a 1 .000 Continuity Correctionb 12.990 1 .000 Likelihood Ratio 14.717 1 .000 Fisher's Exact Test .000 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 13.848 1 .000

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 36.23. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Terrorism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 185 88 273 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Selected 63 18 81 Terrorism

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.985a 1 .084 Continuity Correctionb 2.527 1 .112 Likelihood Ratio 3.111 1 .078 Fisher's Exact Test .098 .054 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.977 1 .084

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 24.25. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Famine Relief * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 154 70 224 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Famine Selected 94 36 130 Relief

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .496a 1 .481 Continuity Correctionb .341 1 .559 Likelihood Ratio .500 1 .480 Fisher's Exact Test .548 .281 Linear-by-Linear Association .495 1 .482

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 38.93. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Abortion * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 114 48 162 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Abortion Selected 134 58 192

Total 248 106 354 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .014a 1 .906 Continuity Correctionb .000 1 .998 Likelihood Ratio .014 1 .906 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .500 Linear-by-Linear Association .014 1 .906

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 48.51. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Euthanasia * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 124 55 179 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Selected 124 51 175 Euthanasia

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .106a 1 .745 Continuity Correctionb .044 1 .834 Likelihood Ratio .106 1 .745 Fisher's Exact Test .817 .417 Linear-by-Linear Association .105 1 .745

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 52.40. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Death Penalty * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 155 70 225 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Death Selected 93 36 129 Penalty

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .401a 1 .526 Continuity Correctionb .263 1 .608 Likelihood Ratio .404 1 .525 Fisher's Exact Test .549 .305 Linear-by-Linear Association .400 1 .527

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 38.63. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Economic Justice * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 146 70 216 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Economic Justice Selected 102 36 138

Total 248 106 354 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.604a 1 .205 Continuity Correctionb 1.316 1 .251 Likelihood Ratio 1.620 1 .203 Fisher's Exact Test .235 .125 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.599 1 .206

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 41.32. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Criminal Punishment * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 181 80 261 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Criminal Punishment Selected 67 26 93

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .237a 1 .626 Continuity Correctionb .126 1 .722 Likelihood Ratio .239 1 .625 Fisher's Exact Test .693 .364 Linear-by-Linear Association .237 1 .627

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27.85. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Animal Rights * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 108 42 150 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Animal Selected 140 64 204 Rights

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .469a 1 .494 Continuity Correctionb .322 1 .571 Likelihood Ratio .470 1 .493 Fisher's Exact Test .557 .286 Linear-by-Linear Association .467 1 .494

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 44.92. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Aid to the poor * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 143 57 200 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Aid to Selected 105 49 154 the poor

Total 248 106 354 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .457a 1 .499 Continuity Correctionb .312 1 .576 Likelihood Ratio .456 1 .500 Fisher's Exact Test .559 .288 Linear-by-Linear Association .455 1 .500

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 46.11. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Global Ecology * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 216 95 311 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Global Ecology Selected 32 11 43

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .444a 1 .505 Continuity Correctionb .239 1 .625 Likelihood Ratio .456 1 .500 Fisher's Exact Test .596 .318 Linear-by-Linear Association .443 1 .506

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.88. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Racial Equality * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 187 71 258 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Racial Equality Selected 61 35 96

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.665a 1 .103 Continuity Correctionb 2.256 1 .133 Likelihood Ratio 2.607 1 .106 Fisher's Exact Test .118 .068 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.658 1 .103

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 28.75. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Authenticity/Integrity * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 205 85 290 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-

( pp y) Authenticity/Integrity Selected 43 21 64

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .307a 1 .580 Continuity Correctionb .162 1 .687 Likelihood Ratio .302 1 .582 Fisher's Exact Test .651 .340 Linear-by-Linear Association .306 1 .580

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 19.16. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Compassion * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 203 78 281 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Selected 45 28 73 Compassion

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.103a 1 .078 Continuity Correctionb 2.618 1 .106 Likelihood Ratio 3.001 1 .083 Fisher's Exact Test .086 .054 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.094 1 .079

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.86. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Sex Equality * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 181 82 263 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Sex Selected 67 24 91 Equality

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .744a 1 .388 Continuity Correctionb .533 1 .465 Likelihood Ratio .756 1 .384 Fisher's Exact Test .427 .234 Linear-by-Linear Association .742 1 .389

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27.25. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Honesty * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 177 77 254 covered in your class are (select all that apply): Honesty

(select all that apply):-Honesty Selected 71 29 100

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .059a 1 .808 Continuity Correctionb .013 1 .909 Likelihood Ratio .059 1 .808 Fisher's Exact Test .898 .457 Linear-by-Linear Association .059 1 .808

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 29.94. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Fairness * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 150 63 213 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Fairness Selected 98 43 141

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .034a 1 .853 Continuity Correctionb .004 1 .947 Likelihood Ratio .034 1 .853 Fisher's Exact Test .906 .472 Linear-by-Linear Association .034 1 .854

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 42.22. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Courage * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 182 85 267 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Courage Selected 66 21 87

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.853a 1 .173 Continuity Correctionb 1.505 1 .220 Likelihood Ratio 1.907 1 .167 Fisher's Exact Test .181 .109 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.848 1 .174

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 26.05. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Moderation * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 177 81 258 covered in your class are (select all that apply):

(select all that apply):- Selected 71 25 96 Moderation

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .956a 1 .328 Continuity Correctionb .718 1 .397 Likelihood Ratio .973 1 .324 Fisher's Exact Test .363 .199 Linear-by-Linear Association .953 1 .329

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 28.75. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Friendship * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 165 75 240 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Selected 83 31 114 Friendship

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .606a 1 .436 Continuity Correctionb .428 1 .513 Likelihood Ratio .613 1 .434 Fisher's Exact Test .459 .258 Linear-by-Linear Association .605 1 .437

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 34.14. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Altruism * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 192 71 263 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Altruism Selected 56 35 91

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.237a 1 .040 Continuity Correctionb 3.708 1 .054 Likelihood Ratio 4.116 1 .042 Fisher's Exact Test .046 .028 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.225 1 .040

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27.25. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Honor * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 219 98 317 covered in your class are (select all that apply): Honor

(select all that apply):-Honor Selected 29 8 37

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.364a 1 .243 Continuity Correctionb .957 1 .328 Likelihood Ratio 1.442 1 .230 Fisher's Exact Test .343 .164 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.360 1 .243

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 11.08. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Civil Disobedience * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 181 74 255 covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Civil Disobedience Selected 67 32 99

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .371a 1 .542 Continuity Correctionb .230 1 .631 Likelihood Ratio .368 1 .544 Fisher's Exact Test .605 .314 Linear-by-Linear Association .370 1 .543

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 29.64. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Tolerance * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 198 84 282 covered in your class are (select all that apply):- Selected 50 22 72 Tolerance

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .016a 1 .899 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .016 1 .899 Fisher's Exact Test .886 .502 Linear-by-Linear Association .016 1 .899

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The applied issues/cases covered in your class are (select all that apply):-Pornography * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The applied issues/cases Not Selected 206 94 300 covered in your class are (select all that apply):

(select all that apply):- Selected 42 12 54 Pornography

Total 248 106 354

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.811a 1 .178 Continuity Correctionb 1.403 1 .236 Likelihood Ratio 1.899 1 .168 Fisher's Exact Test .200 .117 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.806 1 .179

N of Valid Cases 354 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.17. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The balance of theoretical discussion to discussion of cases/applied issues in your class is: * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The balance of theoretical Does not apply—do not use 16 5 21 discussion to discussion of theory and cases approach cases/applied issues in your class is: Almost entirely theory; very 47 15 62 few cases/applied issues

More theory than 78 40 118 cases/applied issues Approximately same amount 84 31 115 of theory and cases/applied issues

More cases/applied issues 32 18 50 than theory Almost entirely cases/applied 5 3 8 issues; very little theory

Total 262 112 374

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.815a 5 .576 Likelihood Ratio 3.824 5 .575 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.097 1 .295

N of Valid Cases 374 a. 1 cells (8.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.40.

You teach introductory ethics as (select all that apply): -a 100% online course * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total You teach introductory ethics Not Selected 236 100 336 as (select all that apply): -a 100% online course Selected 30 11 41

Total 266 111 377

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .151a 1 .697 Continuity Correctionb .043 1 .836 Likelihood Ratio .154 1 .695 Fisher's Exact Test .856 .425 Linear-by-Linear Association .151 1 .698

N of Valid Cases 377 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.07. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table You teach introductory ethics as (select all that apply): -a 100% traditional classroom course * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total You teach introductory ethics Not Selected 14 9 23 as (select all that apply): -a 100% traditional classroom Selected 252 102 354 course

Total 266 111 377

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.107a 1 .293 Continuity Correctionb .666 1 .415 Likelihood Ratio 1.053 1 .305 Fisher's Exact Test .345 .205 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.104 1 .293

N of Valid Cases 377 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.77. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

You teach introductory ethics as (select all that apply): -a “hybrid” course * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total You teach introductory ethics Not Selected 248 100 348 as (select all that apply): -a “hybrid” course Selected 18 11 29 Total 266 111 377

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.090a 1 .297 Continuity Correctionb .692 1 .406 Likelihood Ratio 1.043 1 .307 Fisher's Exact Test .296 .201 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.087 1 .297

N of Valid Cases 377 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.54. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

You teach introductory ethics in a: * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total You teach introductory ethics Predominantly value-neutral 122 55 177 in a: way Predominantly value- 40 20 60 transparent way Even mix of value-neutrality 90 31 121 and value-transparency

Total 252 106 358

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.505a 2 .471 Likelihood Ratio 1.521 2 .467 Linear-by-Linear Association .910 1 .340

N of Valid Cases 358 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.77. Your students are required to read from (select all that apply): -Primary Sources * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 66 27 93 read from (select all that apply): -Primary Sources Selected 198 84 282

Total 264 111 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .019a 1 .890 Continuity Correctionb .000 1 .994 Likelihood Ratio .019 1 .890 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .501 Linear-by-Linear Association .019 1 .890

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27.53. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to read from (select all that apply): -Textbook (non-anthology) * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 176 74 250 read from (select all that apply): -Textbook (non- Selected 88 37 125 anthology)

Total 264 111 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .000a 1 1.000 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio 0.000 1 1.000 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .550 Linear-by-Linear Association 0.000 1 1.000

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 37.00. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to read from (select all that apply): -Anthology * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 154 67 221 read from (select all that apply): -Anthology Selected 110 44 154

Total 264 111 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .133a 1 .716 Continuity Correctionb .062 1 .803 Likelihood Ratio .133 1 .715 Fisher's Exact Test .732 .403 Linear-by-Linear Association .132 1 .716

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 45.58. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Your students are required to read from (select all that apply): -Instructor compiled readings * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 120 46 166 read from (select all that apply): -Instructor compiled readings Selected 144 65 209

Total 264 111 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .510a 1 .475 Continuity Correctionb .360 1 .548 Likelihood Ratio .512 1 .474 Fisher's Exact Test .496 .275 Linear-by-Linear Association .509 1 .476

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 49.14. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to read from (select all that apply): -Instructor created readings * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 218 99 317 read from (select all that apply): -Instructor created readings Selected 46 12 58

Total 264 111 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.614a 1 .106 Continuity Correctionb 2.133 1 .144 Likelihood Ratio 2.769 1 .096 Fisher's Exact Test .119 .069 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.607 1 .106

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.17. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to read from (select all that apply): -Instructor created website * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 228 92 320 read from (select all that apply): -Instructor created Selected 36 19 55 website

Total 264 111 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .756a 1 .384 Continuity Correctionb .504 1 .478 Likelihood Ratio .738 1 .390 Fisher's Exact Test .425 .237 Linear-by-Linear Association .754 1 .385

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.28. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Your students are required to read from (select all that apply): -Non-instructor website/s * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 251 101 352 read from (select all that apply): -Non-instructor Selected 13 10 23 website/s

Total 264 111 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.265a 1 .132 Continuity Correctionb 1.611 1 .204 Likelihood Ratio 2.121 1 .145 Fisher's Exact Test .157 .104 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.259 1 .133

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.81. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to read from (select all that apply): -Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to 1 13 3 16 read from (select all that apply): -Other

Total 13 3 16

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Complete worksheets for assigned readings * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 231 97 328 (select all that apply):- Complete worksheets for assigned readings Selected 31 13 44

Total 262 110 372

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .000a 1 .997 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .000 1 .997 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .575 Linear-by-Linear Association .000 1 .997

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 13.01. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Complete quizzes * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 141 64 205 (select all that apply):- Complete quizzes Selected 121 46 167 Total 262 110 372 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .597a 1 .440 Continuity Correctionb .433 1 .510 Likelihood Ratio .598 1 .439 Fisher's Exact Test .493 .256 Linear-by-Linear Association .595 1 .440

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 49.38. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Complete exams * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 56 29 85 (select all that apply):- Complete exams Selected 206 81 287 Total 262 110 372

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.094a 1 .296 Continuity Correctionb .829 1 .362 Likelihood Ratio 1.074 1 .300 Fisher's Exact Test .344 .181 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.091 1 .296

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 25.13. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Do in-class active learning exercises * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 155 39 194 (select all that apply):-Do in- class active learning exercises Selected 107 71 178

Total 262 110 372

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 17.447a 1 .000 Continuity Correctionb 16.510 1 .000 Likelihood Ratio 17.600 1 .000 Fisher's Exact Test .000 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 17.400 1 .000

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 52.63. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Write multiple non-exam short essays * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 98 38 136 (select all that apply):-Write multiple non-exam short Selected 164 72 236 essays

Total 262 110 372

Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .273a 1 .601 Continuity Correctionb .164 1 .686 Likelihood Ratio .274 1 .600 Fisher's Exact Test .638 .344 Linear-by-Linear Association .272 1 .602

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 40.22. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Write term paper * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 126 49 175 (select all that apply):-Write term paper Selected 136 61 197 Total 262 110 372

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .391a 1 .532 Continuity Correctionb .262 1 .609 Likelihood Ratio .392 1 .531 Fisher's Exact Test .570 .305 Linear-by-Linear Association .390 1 .532

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 51.75. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Do service learning * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 252 101 353 (select all that apply):-Do service learning Selected 10 9 19

Total 262 110 372

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.046a 1 .081 Continuity Correctionb 2.212 1 .137 Likelihood Ratio 2.812 1 .094 Fisher's Exact Test .118 .072 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.037 1 .081

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.62. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Do in-class group work * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 159 44 203 (select all that apply):-Do in- class group work Selected 103 66 169

Total 262 110 372

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 13.374a 1 .000 Continuity Correctionb 12.552 1 .000 Likelihood Ratio 13.380 1 .000 Fisher's Exact Test .000 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 13.338 1 .000

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 49.97. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Do out-of-class group work * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to Not Selected 234 86 320 (select all that apply):-Do out- of-class group work Selected 28 24 52

Total 262 110 372

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 7.983a 1 .005 Continuity Correctionb 7.084 1 .008 Likelihood Ratio 7.472 1 .006 Fisher's Exact Test .008 .005 Linear-by-Linear Association 7.962 1 .005

N of Valid Cases 372 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 15.38. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your students are required to (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your students are required to 1 35 15 50 (select all that apply):-Other

Total 35 15 50

Your exams include (select all that apply):-Short essays * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your exams include (select all Not Selected 57 28 85 that apply):-Short essays Selected 192 76 268

Total 249 104 353

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .652a 1 .419 Continuity Correctionb .450 1 .502 Likelihood Ratio .643 1 .423 Fisher's Exact Test .416 .249 Linear-by-Linear Association .650 1 .420

N of Valid Cases 353 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 25.04. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your exams include (select all that apply):-Long essays * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your exams include (select all Not Selected 143 49 192 that apply):-Long essays Selected 106 55 161

Total 249 104 353

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.146a 1 .076 Continuity Correctionb 2.744 1 .098 Likelihood Ratio 3.139 1 .076 Fisher's Exact Test .080 .049 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.137 1 .077

N of Valid Cases 353 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 47.43. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your exams include (select all that apply):-True/False * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your exams include (select all Not Selected 180 74 254 that apply):-True/False Selected 69 30 99

Total 249 104 353

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .047a 1 .829 Continuity Correctionb .007 1 .931 Likelihood Ratio .047 1 .829 Fisher's Exact Test .897 .462 Linear-by-Linear Association .047 1 .829

N of Valid Cases 353 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 29.17. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your exams include (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your exams include (select all Not Selected 217 85 302 that apply):-Other Selected 32 19 51

Total 249 104 353

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.742a 1 .187 Continuity Correctionb 1.331 1 .249 Likelihood Ratio 1.679 1 .195 Fisher's Exact Test .188 .125 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.737 1 .187

N of Valid Cases 353 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 15.03. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your exams include (select all that apply):-Matching * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your exams include (select all Not Selected 213 88 301 that apply):-Matching that apply): Matching Selected 36 16 52

Total 249 104 353

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .050a 1 .823 Continuity Correctionb .004 1 .953 Likelihood Ratio .050 1 .823 Fisher's Exact Test .869 .470 Linear-by-Linear Association .050 1 .823

N of Valid Cases 353 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 15.32. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your exams include (select all that apply):-Take-home questions * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your exams include (select all Not Selected 207 82 289 that apply):-Take-home questions Selected 42 22 64 Total 249 104 353

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .908a 1 .341 Continuity Correctionb .642 1 .423 Likelihood Ratio .888 1 .346 Fisher's Exact Test .365 .210 Linear-by-Linear Association .905 1 .341

N of Valid Cases 353 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.86. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your exams include (select all that apply):-Multiple Choice * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your exams include (select all Not Selected 139 64 203 that apply):-Multiple Choice Selected 110 40 150

Total 249 104 353

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .981a 1 .322 Continuity Correctionb .761 1 .383 Likelihood Ratio .986 1 .321 Fisher's Exact Test .346 .192 Linear-by-Linear Association .978 1 .323

N of Valid Cases 353 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 44.19. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Not applicable—do not teach online or hybrid course * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 56 23 79 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Not applicable—do not teach

applicable do not teach online or hybrid course Selected 108 67 175

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.001a 1 .157 Continuity Correctionb 1.621 1 .203 Likelihood Ratio 2.037 1 .153 Fisher's Exact Test .202 .101 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.993 1 .158

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27.99. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Asynchronous discussion/chat * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 129 72 201 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Asynchronous discussion/chat Selected 35 18 53

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .063a 1 .801 Continuity Correctionb .008 1 .928 Likelihood Ratio .064 1 .801 Fisher's Exact Test .872 .468 Linear-by-Linear Association .063 1 .802

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.78. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Synchronous discussion/chat * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 158 88 246 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Synchronous discussion/chat Selected 6 2 8

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .393a 1 .531 Continuity Correctionb .063 1 .802 Likelihood Ratio .415 1 .520 Fisher's Exact Test .716 .415 Linear-by-Linear Association .391 1 .532

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.83. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Group activities * What is your biological sex? Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 155 80 235 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Group activities Selected 9 10 19

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.655a 1 .103 Continuity Correctionb 1.905 1 .168 Likelihood Ratio 2.538 1 .111 Fisher's Exact Test .134 .086 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.645 1 .104

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.73. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Videos (not created by instructor) * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 136 76 212 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Videos (not created by instructor) Selected 28 14 42

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .097a 1 .755 Continuity Correctionb .018 1 .893 Likelihood Ratio .098 1 .755 Fisher's Exact Test .860 .451 Linear-by-Linear Association .097 1 .756

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.88. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Instructor created videos * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 153 84 237 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Instructor created videos Selected 11 6 17

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .000a 1 .990 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .000 1 .990 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .606 Linear-by-Linear Association .000 1 .990

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.02. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Worksheets / study guides for assigned readings * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 143 79 222 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Worksheets / study guides for assigned readings Selected 21 11 32

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .018a 1 .894 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .018 1 .893 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .531 Linear-by-Linear Association .018 1 .894

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 11.34. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Lecture Capture software * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 159 89 248 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Lecture Capture software Selected 5 1 6

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .946a 1 .331 Continuity Correctionb .292 1 .589 Likelihood Ratio 1.065 1 .302 Fisher's Exact Test .428 .308 Linear-by-Linear Association .942 1 .332

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.13. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Text-based lecture notes * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 133 74 207 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Text-based lecture notes Selected 31 16 47

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .049a 1 .825 Continuity Correctionb .003 1 .959 Likelihood Ratio .049 1 .825 Fisher's Exact Test .867 .484 Linear-by-Linear Association .049 1 .826

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.65. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Peer editing/evaluation * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 155 80 235 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Peer editing/evaluation Selected 9 10 19

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.655a 1 .103 Continuity Correctionb 1.905 1 .168 Likelihood Ratio 2.538 1 .111 Fisher's Exact Test .134 .086 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.645 1 .104

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.73. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Drop box * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 148 80 228 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Drop box Selected 16 10 26

Total 164 90 254

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .116a 1 .733 Continuity Correctionb .015 1 .901 Likelihood Ratio .115 1 .735 Fisher's Exact Test .829 .444 Linear-by-Linear Association .116 1 .734

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 9.21. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

For online or hybrid courses, you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total For online or hybrid courses, Not Selected 149 85 234 you provide/use/require (select all that apply):-Other Selected 15 5 20

Total 164 90 254 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.033a 1 .309 Continuity Correctionb .597 1 .440 Likelihood Ratio 1.087 1 .297 Fisher's Exact Test .465 .223 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.029 1 .310

N of Valid Cases 254 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.09. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Stimulate moral imagination/recognition of ethical issues * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 39 19 58 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):- Stimulate moral imagination/recognition of Selected 227 93 320 ethical issues

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .322a 1 .571 Continuity Correctionb .169 1 .681 Likelihood Ratio .317 1 .574 Fisher's Exact Test .639 .336 Linear-by-Linear Association .321 1 .571

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.19. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Encourage responsible behavior * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 179 72 251 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):- Encourage responsible Selected 87 40 127 behavior

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .320a 1 .572 Continuity Correctionb .199 1 .656 Likelihood Ratio .318 1 .573 Fisher's Exact Test .634 .326 Linear-by-Linear Association .319 1 .572

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 37.63. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Enhance ethical reasoning/decision-making * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 47 19 66 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):- Enhance ethical reasoning/decision-making Selected 219 93 312

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .027a 1 .869 Continuity Correctionb .000 1 .987 Likelihood Ratio .027 1 .869 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .499 Linear-by-Linear Association .027 1 .869

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 19.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Enhance ability to understand, respect and reason about ethical disagreements * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 37 13 50 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):- Enhance ability to understand, respect and reason about Selected 229 99 328 ethical disagreements

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .364a 1 .546 Continuity Correctionb .191 1 .662 Likelihood Ratio .372 1 .542 Fisher's Exact Test .620 .336 Linear-by-Linear Association .363 1 .547

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.81. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Ensure students understand major historical ethicists, theories and methods * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 87 28 115 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Ensure students understand major historical ethicists, theories Selected 179 84 263 and methods

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.211a 1 .137 Continuity Correctionb 1.862 1 .172 Likelihood Ratio 2.262 1 .133 Fisher's Exact Test .144 .085 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.206 1 .138

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 34.07. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Ensure students understand contemporary ethics and ethicists, theories and methods * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 165 67 232 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Ensure students understand contemporary ethics and Selected 101 45 146 ethicists, theories and methods

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .162a 1 .687 Continuity Correctionb .082 1 .774 Likelihood Ratio .162 1 .688 Fisher's Exact Test .729 .386 Linear-by-Linear Association .162 1 .688

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 43.26. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Develop critically examined personal code of ethics * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 170 71 241 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Develop critically examined personal code of ethics Selected 96 41 137

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .009a 1 .924 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .009 1 .924 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .507 Linear-by-Linear Association .009 1 .924

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 40.59. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-General education skills such as analysis, synthesize, critical thinking, etc. * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 43 15 58 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-General education skills such as analysis, synthesize, critical Selected 223 97 320 thinking, etc.

Total 266 112 378 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .466a 1 .495 Continuity Correctionb .277 1 .598 Likelihood Ratio .477 1 .490 Fisher's Exact Test .536 .303 Linear-by-Linear Association .465 1 .495

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.19. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

The primary course objectives / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total The primary course objectives Not Selected 249 104 353 / goals of your course are (select all that apply):-Other Selected 17 8 25

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .072a 1 .788 Continuity Correctionb .002 1 .967 Likelihood Ratio .071 1 .790 Fisher's Exact Test .822 .472 Linear-by-Linear Association .072 1 .789

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.41. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Estimated time for each listed classroom pedagogy:-Lecture * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Estimated time for each listed 0-20% 31 14 45 classroom pedagogy:-Lecture 21-40% 60 45 105 41-60% 89 27 116 61-80% 68 23 91 81-100% 11 1 12 Total 259 110 369

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 14.486a 4 .006 Likelihood Ratio 14.761 4 .005 Linear-by-Linear Association 6.837 1 .009

N of Valid Cases 369 a. 1 cells (10.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.58.

Estimated time for each listed classroom pedagogy:-Full class discussion * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Estimated time for each listed 0-20% 46 23 69 classroom pedagogy:-Full 21-40% 110 56 166 class discussion 41-60% 63 20 83 61-80% 19 4 23 81-100% 7 4 11 Total 245 107 352 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.737a 4 .315 Likelihood Ratio 4.983 4 .289 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.880 1 .170

N of Valid Cases 352 a. 1 cells (10.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.34.

Estimated time for each listed classroom pedagogy:-Small group discussion * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Estimated time for each listed 0-20% 128 51 179 classroom pedagogy:-Small 21-40% 60 37 97 group discussion 41-60% 9 1 10 61-80% 0 1 1 81-100% 1 0 1 Total 198 90 288

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 7.536a 4 .110 Likelihood Ratio 8.361 4 .079 Linear-by-Linear Association .451 1 .502

N of Valid Cases 288 a. 5 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .31.

Estimated time for each listed classroom pedagogy:-Multimedia presentation * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Estimated time for each listed 0-20% 139 60 199 classroom pedagogy:- 21-40% 18 9 27 Multimedia presentation 41-60% 4 1 5 61-80% 2 1 3 Total 163 71 234

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square .383a 3 .944 Likelihood Ratio .402 3 .940 Linear-by-Linear Association .000 1 .991

N of Valid Cases 234 a. 4 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .91.

Estimated time for each listed classroom pedagogy:-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Estimated time for each listed 0-20% 18 7 25 classroom pedagogy:-Other 21-40% 6 1 7 41-60% 2 1 3 61-80% 0 1 1 81-100% 0 1 1 Total 26 11 37

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 5.581a 4 .233 Likelihood Ratio 5.825 4 .213 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.306 1 .129

N of Valid Cases 37 a. 8 cells (80.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .30.

Covering the traditional/canonical ethicists and ethical theories is: * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Covering the Essential to the integrity of the 172 64 236 traditional/canonical ethicists discipline and ethical theories is: Helpful but not essential to the 81 46 127 integrity of the discipline

Irrelevant to the integrity of the 13 1 14 discipline Total 266 111 377

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 6.773a 2 .034 Likelihood Ratio 7.631 2 .022 Linear-by-Linear Association .225 1 .635

N of Valid Cases 377 a. 1 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.12.

In what ways, if any, do you believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-Not applicable—no opinion or lack relevant experience * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In what ways, if any, do you Not Selected 157 70 227 believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-Not applicable—no Selected 103 39 142 opinion or lack relevant experience

Total 260 109 369

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .477a 1 .490 Continuity Correctionb .329 1 .566 Likelihood Ratio .480 1 .488 Fisher's Exact Test .558 .284 Linear-by-Linear Association .476 1 .490

N of Valid Cases 369 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 41.95. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In what ways, if any, do you believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-It has become less theoretical and more applied * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In what ways, if any, do you Not Selected 157 73 230 believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-It has become less Selected 103 36 139 theoretical and more applied

Total 260 109 369

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.420a 1 .233 Continuity Correctionb 1.153 1 .283 Likelihood Ratio 1.435 1 .231 Fisher's Exact Test .242 .141 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.416 1 .234

N of Valid Cases 369 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 41.06. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In what ways, if any, do you believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-It has been “dumbed down” due to lack of student preparedness * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In what ways, if any, do you Not Selected 187 83 270 believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-It has been “dumbed down” due to lack of Selected 73 26 99 student preparedness

Total 260 109 369

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .698a 1 .403 Continuity Correctionb .499 1 .480 Likelihood Ratio .708 1 .400 Fisher's Exact Test .441 .241 Linear-by-Linear Association .696 1 .404

N of Valid Cases 369 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 29.24. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In what ways, if any, do you believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-It has become more diverse, inclusive of traditionally underrepresented views * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In what ways, if any, do you Not Selected 143 64 207 believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-It has become more diverse, inclusive of Selected 117 45 162 traditionally underrepresented views

Total 260 109 369

Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .431a 1 .512 Continuity Correctionb .293 1 .588 Likelihood Ratio .432 1 .511 Fisher's Exact Test .566 .295 Linear-by-Linear Association .429 1 .512

N of Valid Cases 369 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 47.85. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In what ways, if any, do you believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-It involves greater use of computer technology * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In what ways, if any, do you Not Selected 172 71 243 believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-It involves greater Selected 88 38 126 use of computer technology

Total 260 109 369

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .035a 1 .851 Continuity Correctionb .005 1 .946 Likelihood Ratio .035 1 .851 Fisher's Exact Test .904 .471 Linear-by-Linear Association .035 1 .851

N of Valid Cases 369 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 37.22. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In what ways, if any, do you believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all that apply.-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In what ways, if any, do you Not Selected 245 102 347 believe course content or methods in introductory ethics courses have changed in the past 10 to 30 years? Select all Selected 15 7 22 that apply.-Other

Total 260 109 369

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .058a 1 .809 Continuity Correctionb .000 1 .999 Likelihood Ratio .058 1 .810 Fisher's Exact Test .812 .488 Linear-by-Linear Association .058 1 .809

N of Valid Cases 369 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.50. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Compared to introductory ethics students in the past, I believe students today: * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Compared to introductory Are less academically 136 58 194 ethics students in the past, I prepared believe students today: Are more academically 3 0 3 prepared Are equally academically 60 19 79 prepared Not applicable—no opinion or 60 34 94 lack relevant experience

Total 259 111 370

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.322a 3 .229 Likelihood Ratio 5.176 3 .159 Linear-by-Linear Association .377 1 .539

N of Valid Cases 370 a. 2 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .90.

In your opinion, most of your students perceive introductory ethics as: * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In your opinion, most of your Highly relevant to their 39 17 56 students perceive introductory interests and needs. ethics as: Moderately relevant to their 125 47 172 interests and needs Slightly relevant to their 63 32 95 interests and needs Not relevant to their interests 29 12 41 and needs Not applicable—no opinion or 10 4 14 lack relevant data

Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.211a 4 .876 Likelihood Ratio 1.200 4 .878 Linear-by-Linear Association .094 1 .759

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (10.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.15.

In order to make your course more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Changed course content * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In order to make your course Not Selected 97 37 134 more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):- Changed course content Selected 168 73 241

Total 265 110 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .298a 1 .585 Continuity Correctionb .183 1 .669 Likelihood Ratio .300 1 .584 Fisher's Exact Test .637 .336 Linear-by-Linear Association .297 1 .586

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 39.31. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In order to make your course more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Changed teaching methods * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In order to make your course Not Selected 108 41 149 more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):- Changed teaching methods Selected 157 69 226

Total 265 110 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .394a 1 .530 Continuity Correctionb .262 1 .609 Likelihood Ratio .395 1 .530 Fisher's Exact Test .564 .305 Linear-by-Linear Association .393 1 .531

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 43.71. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In order to make your course more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Changed assignments * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In order to make your course Not Selected 122 42 164 more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):- Changed assignments Selected 143 68 211

Total 265 110 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.950a 1 .163 Continuity Correctionb 1.643 1 .200 Likelihood Ratio 1.964 1 .161 Fisher's Exact Test .172 .100 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.944 1 .163

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 48.11. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In order to make your course more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Started using technology in the classroom * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In order to make your course Not Selected 190 73 263 more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Started using technology in the Selected 75 37 112 classroom Total 265 110 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.056a 1 .304 Continuity Correctionb .817 1 .366 Likelihood Ratio 1.043 1 .307 Fisher's Exact Test .323 .183 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.053 1 .305

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 32.85. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In order to make your course more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In order to make your course Not Selected 245 99 344 more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Other Selected 20 11 31

Total 265 110 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .617a 1 .432 Continuity Correctionb .336 1 .562 Likelihood Ratio .597 1 .440 Fisher's Exact Test .418 .276 Linear-by-Linear Association .615 1 .433

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 9.09. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

In order to make your course more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Not applicable—have not changed course to make more relevant * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In order to make your course Not Selected 219 98 317 more relevant to student interests and needs you have (select all that apply):-Not applicable—have not changed course to make more relevant Selected 46 12 58

Total 265 110 375

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.473a 1 .116 Continuity Correctionb 2.004 1 .157 Likelihood Ratio 2.617 1 .106 Fisher's Exact Test .157 .076 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.466 1 .116

N of Valid Cases 375 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.01. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

What is your highest educational degree? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count What is your biological sex? Male Female Total What is your highest M.A. 17 11 28 educational degree? A.B.D. 24 8 32 Ph.D 219 90 309 Other 6 3 9 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.678a 3 .642 Likelihood Ratio 1.623 3 .654 Linear-by-Linear Association .452 1 .501

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 1 cells (12.5%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.67.

In what academic discipline is your highest educational degree? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In what academic discipline is Philosophy 254 106 360 your highest educational degree? Other 13 6 19 Total 267 112 379

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .039a 1 .842 Continuity Correctionb 0.000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .039 1 .843 Fisher's Exact Test .801 .511 Linear-by-Linear Association .039 1 .843

N of Valid Cases 379 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.61. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

What is your current academic rank / position? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total What is your current academic Adjunct / Lecturer 71 19 90 rank / position? Assistant Professor 46 29 75 Associate Professor 56 17 73 Full Professor 56 23 79 Other 38 24 62 Total 267 112 379

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 9.954a 4 .041 Likelihood Ratio 9.956 4 .041 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.380 1 .123

N of Valid Cases 379 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.32.

What is your standard teaching /course load per year? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total What is your standard Four 3-credit courses each 59 22 81 teaching /course load per semester year?

year? Three 4-credit courses each 21 8 29 semester Three 3-credit courses each 51 23 74 semester Two 3-credit courses each 51 28 79 semester Other 84 31 115 Total 266 112 378

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.044a 4 .728 Likelihood Ratio 2.013 4 .733 Linear-by-Linear Association .052 1 .820

N of Valid Cases 378 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.59.

What is your tenure status? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total What is your tenure status? Not in tenure track 122 43 165 In tenure track 31 26 57 Have tenure 112 42 154 Total 265 111 376

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 8.419a 2 .015 Likelihood Ratio 7.908 2 .019 Linear-by-Linear Association .076 1 .783

N of Valid Cases 376 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.83.

Use the U.S Census Bureau definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-American Indian or Alaska Native. (Origins in North, Central or South America) * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Use the U.S Census Bureau Not Selected 256 103 359 definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-American Indian or Alaska Native. (Origins in North, Central or South Selected 3 3 6 America)

Total 259 106 365

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.300a 1 .254 Continuity Correctionb .472 1 .492 Likelihood Ratio 1.181 1 .277 Fisher's Exact Test .362 .237 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.297 1 .255

N of Valid Cases 365 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.74. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Use the U.S Census Bureau definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-Asian. (Origins in the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent) * What is your biological sex? Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Use the U.S Census Bureau Not Selected 253 100 353 definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-Asian. (Origins in the Far East, Southeast Asia, or Selected 6 6 12 the Indian subcontinent)

Total 259 106 365

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.645a 1 .104 Continuity Correctionb 1.698 1 .193 Likelihood Ratio 2.406 1 .121 Fisher's Exact Test .115 .100 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.638 1 .104

N of Valid Cases 365 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.48. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Use the U.S Census Bureau definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-Black or African American. (Origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa) * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Use the U.S Census Bureau Not Selected 254 105 359 definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-Black or African American. (Origins in any of the black racial groups of Selected 5 1 6 Africa)

Total 259 106 365

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .453a 1 .501 Continuity Correctionb .048 1 .826 Likelihood Ratio .504 1 .478 Fisher's Exact Test .677 .440 Linear-by-Linear Association .452 1 .501

N of Valid Cases 365 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.74. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Use the U.S Census Bureau definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-Hispanic or Latino. (A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race) * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Use the U.S Census Bureau Not Selected 252 104 356 definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-Hispanic or Latino. (A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of Selected 7 2 9 race)

Total 259 106 365 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .208a 1 .648 Continuity Correctionb .007 1 .933 Likelihood Ratio .219 1 .640 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .487 Linear-by-Linear Association .208 1 .649

N of Valid Cases 365 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.61. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Use the U.S Census Bureau definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. (Origins in Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands) * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Use the U.S Census Bureau Not Selected 257 106 363 definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. (Origins in Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or Selected 2 0 2 other Pacific Islands)

Total 259 106 365

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .823a 1 .364 Continuity Correctionb .016 1 .900 Likelihood Ratio 1.377 1 .241 Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .503 Linear-by-Linear Association .821 1 .365

N of Valid Cases 365 a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .58. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Use the U.S Census Bureau definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-White. (Origins in Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa) * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Use the U.S Census Bureau Not Selected 12 6 18 definitions below to indicate your ethnicity. Select all that apply.-White. (Origins in Europe, the Middle East, or Selected 247 100 347 North Africa)

Total 259 106 365

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .169a 1 .681 Continuity Correctionb .021 1 .885 Likelihood Ratio .165 1 .685 Fisher's Exact Test .790 .429 Linear-by-Linear Association .169 1 .681

N of Valid Cases 365 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.23. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

What is your age? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total What is your age? 20 to 29 22 14 36 30 to 39 91 44 135 40 to 49 72 18 90 50 to 59 40 14 54 60 to 69 32 15 47 70 or more 9 2 11 Total 266 107 373

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 7.192a 5 .207 Likelihood Ratio 7.364 5 .195 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.668 1 .197

N of Valid Cases 373 a. 1 cells (8.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.16.

In your career, how many sections of introductory ethics have you taught? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total In your career, how many 1 to 4 45 34 79 sections of introductory ethics 5 to 9 48 15 63 have you taught? 10 to 19 57 29 86 20 or more 114 34 148 Total 264 112 376

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 11.631a 3 .009 Likelihood Ratio 11.402 3 .010 Linear-by-Linear Association 6.908 1 .009

N of Valid Cases 376 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.77.

At what type of academic institution do you teach? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total At what type of academic Community College 30 8 38 institution do you teach? Private non-religiously 49 30 79 affiliated college or university

Private religiously affiliated 55 16 71 college or university

Public college or university 117 55 172

Other 14 3 17 Total 265 112 377

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 7.306a 4 .121 Likelihood Ratio 7.498 4 .112 Linear-by-Linear Association .000 1 .988

N of Valid Cases 377 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.05.

What is the highest level philosophy program offered at your institution? * What is your biological sex? Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total What is the highest level No philosophy major or minor 39 9 48 philosophy program offered at your institution? Minor in Philosophy 21 5 26 B.A. in Philosophy 118 50 168 M.A. in Philosophy 18 6 24 Ph.D. in Philosophy 61 35 96 Other 8 7 15 Total 265 112 377

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 8.542a 5 .129 Likelihood Ratio 8.686 5 .122 Linear-by-Linear Association 7.198 1 .007

N of Valid Cases 377 a. 1 cells (8.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.46.

How many students typically enroll in one section of your introductory ethics course? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total How many students typically 1 to 9 1 2 3 enroll in one section of your 10 to 19 33 14 47 introductory ethics course? 20 to 29 89 35 124 30 to 39 93 27 120 40 to 49 25 12 37 50 to 99 11 12 23 100 or more 13 10 23 Total 265 112 377

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 12.857a 6 .045 Likelihood Ratio 12.145 6 .059 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.690 1 .101

N of Valid Cases 377 a. 2 cells (14.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .89.

How many sections of introductory ethics are taught each year in your department? * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total How many sections of 1 to 5 116 67 183 introductory ethics are taught 6 to 10 76 22 98 each year in your department? 11 or more 70 22 92 Total 262 111 373

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square 8.121a 2 .017 Likelihood Ratio 8.169 2 .017 Linear-by-Linear Association 6.060 1 .014

N of Valid Cases 373 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27.38.

Crosstabs Your introductory ethics class is a (select all that apply):-General Education requirement * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your introductory ethics class Not Selected 165 77 242 is a (select all that apply):- General Education Selected 99 32 131 requirement

Total 264 109 373

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.245a 1 .134 Continuity Correctionb 1.901 1 .168 Likelihood Ratio 2.284 1 .131 Fisher's Exact Test .153 .083 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.239 1 .135

N of Valid Cases 373 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 38.28. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your introductory ethics class is a (select all that apply):-General Education elective * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your introductory ethics class Not Selected 115 26 141 is a (select all that apply):- General Education elective Selected 149 83 232

Total 264 109 373

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 12.744a 1 .000 Continuity Correctionb 11.919 1 .001 Likelihood Ratio 13.305 1 .000 Fisher's Exact Test .000 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 12.709 1 .000

N of Valid Cases 373 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 41.20. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your introductory ethics class is a (select all that apply):-Philosophy requirement * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your introductory ethics class Not Selected 166 65 231 is a (select all that apply):- Philosophy requirement Selected 98 44 142

Total 264 109 373

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .345a 1 .557 Continuity Correctionb .221 1 .638 Likelihood Ratio .343 1 .558 Fisher's Exact Test .560 .318 Linear-by-Linear Association .344 1 .558

N of Valid Cases 373 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 41.50. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Your introductory ethics class is a (select all that apply):-Philosophy elective * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your introductory ethics class Not Selected 161 61 222 is a (select all that apply):- Philosophy elective Selected 103 48 151

Total 264 109 373

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square .807a 1 .369 Continuity Correctionb .612 1 .434 Likelihood Ratio .804 1 .370 Fisher's Exact Test .417 .217 Linear-by-Linear Association .805 1 .370

N of Valid Cases 373 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 44.13. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Your introductory ethics class is a (select all that apply):-Other * What is your biological sex?

Crosstab Count

What is your biological sex? Male Female Total Your introductory ethics class Not Selected 245 92 337 is a (select all that apply):- Other Selected 19 17 36 Total 264 109 373

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 6.242a 1 .012 Continuity Correctionb 5.316 1 .021 Likelihood Ratio 5.777 1 .016 Fisher's Exact Test .019 .013 Linear-by-Linear Association 6.225 1 .013

N of Valid Cases 373 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10.52. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table