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INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY (IRJAT)

http://www.mapletreejournals.com/index.php/IRJAT Received 11 January 2019 ISSN 2581-5865 Accepted 18 January 2019 2019; 2(1);31-33 Published online 30 January 2019

Tilting Active Aerodynamic Rear For a Race Car Manthena Ravi Varma1*, K.Kannan Teja1, C.Abhilash1 1 U.G Student, Dept of Mech Eng, RMK Engineering college, Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu, India. *Corresponding author E-Mail ID [email protected] ABSTRACT Race cars always focus on achieving high speeds and high . However, speed can be achieved be various ways by increasing engine power and reducing the weight of car but achieving high downforce and stability is quite hard. The idea mainly focuses on a mechanism which replaces a static rear wing with an active aerodynamic rear wing that will help to increase downforce and stability of car. By automation of this rear wing it’s made easy for a race car to take high speed turns as downforce is increased and stability of car is maintained. Keywords: Downforce, stability, rear wing, active . 1. INTRODUCTION Normally race cars runs at very high speed and the main problem which is faced by race car is stability during the cornering many cars tend to lose control at that point. For example, (when a car is taking a sharp turn to right the weight of car is transferred towards left of the car which increases the of the vehicle).To counter that automakers use rear wing which is static which creates the grip between road and of car and produce certain amount of downforce which helps to vehicle to stick t the ground. But the static wing produce downforce which is uneven as the weight is transferred to opposite side which the car moves. So grip is different at both rear which means the car tend to slip. To overcome this problem an aerodynamic wing which tilts right and left this can be controlled by the rotation of the wheel .By using aerodynamic effect the equal amount of downforce is given to both rear wheels which maintains grip of car. 2. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Race cars tend to move very fast and the major problem which is faced by them is losing the grip in the corners which they are taking corners with high speed they also loose traction because they tend to lose the downforce of car which is taking a sharp turn. 3. CONVENCTIONAL STATIC REAR WING WORKING A Static rear wing is an inverted which works opposite to airfoil by creating downforce rather producing like airfoil. When air is passing through the airfoil it can be observed from Fig.1 that the air after hitting the surface splits one of the is which moves above the airfoil which has shorter distance to travel so it has less velocity, by which high pressure area is created on top of the airfoil on the other hand the air which moves down the airfoil moves with high velocity as it got longer distance to cover which creates low pressure. It’s known that high pressure area moves towards low pressure area as the top surface is high pressure area and bottom is low pressure area the air tries to move from top to bottom surface it creates down force. Manthena.Ravi Varma et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology / 2019; 2(1): 31-33

Fig: 1 Inverted airfoil

4. PROPOSED ACTIVE AERODYNAMIC REARWING WORKING The active rear wing increases the ability of car to take sharp turns by adjusting the rear wing automatically. The tilting of the rear wing will direct the lift force generated by the aerofoil to produce down force. The whole process is controlled by hydraulics and electronic control systems. It may be more expensive but will highly improve cornering capabilities of race car. The active aerodynamic wing has mainly three different ways of working .Firstly, when the car is moving in a straight line. Secondly, when the car is turning towards its right. Thirdly when the car is turning left. 4.1 When the car is moving in a straight line When the car is moving in a straight line the rear wing is in its normal state which means it doesn’t tilt towards left or right because maximum downforce is produced at this state .The aerodynamic effect (generation of pressure difference due to velocity difference above and below the ) will force the car down producing the equal downforce on the both rear wheels .By producing the equal downforce on both wheels the wheels have maximum grip. There is no loose of downforce when car is moving in a straight line. 4.2 When car is taking right with high speed When the car is turning right with high speed generally the weight of car is transferred towards left side of the car which results in loosing of the grip of right side tyre because there is no load acting on the tyre .There is more load acting on left tyre as a result of it left wheel has more grip then right. To maintain the grip to right wheel it’s required to have more load acting on it can be obtained by applying more downforce on right wheel which equals to extra load acting on right wheel which is acting on left wheel. The rear wing now tilts towards left making the rear wing in a position at this angle the wing produces more downforce to right wheels then left wheel which results in increasing the grip of right wheel. The stability of car is maximum when both the wheels have nearly equal amount of grip. By this tilting of rear wing the car stability is maintained when the car is taking a high speed turns. 4.3 When car is taking left with high speed The car is taking left turn .Then rear wing tilts towards left which is opposite when car is taking right turn. As car takes a sharp left turn the weight is transferred to right side of car which results in loss of grip of left wheel. By tilting of rear wing will produce more downforce to left wheel which will help in maintaining the stability of car. 5. EXPECTED RESULTS AND DISCUSSION By employing this active aerodynamic wing there is 30% increase in lateral load to the inner wheels which results in having more grip to the inner wheel which tend to lose grip when taking sharp turns. There is an increase in downforce when compared downforce produced by a Manthena.Ravi Varma et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology / 2019; 2(1): 31-33 normal car in a straight line. Normally downforce is lost when taking sharp turns by active rear wing this can be reduced by 15%. This will maintain the stability and increase grip between road and car. The car is expected to have better traction than a car with normal rear wing. The fuel consumption is expected to be reduced by 10% as aerodynamics plays a major role as it reduces the of car when increases fuel efficiency. 6. CONCLUSION The tilting active aerodynamic rear wing of a race car helps in increasing downforce of a race car which tend to slip when taking sharp turns in high speed corner. The rear wing increases grip to the inner wheels of a car by creating extra downforce by the tilting rear wing. This also reduces consumption of fuel by reducing drag and increasing the traction between wheels and road. REFERENCES

1. James Patrick Merkel, Development of multi-element active aerodynamics for the Formula SAE car, Masters of Science thesis, University of Texas-Arlington. December 2013 2. Wordley, S.J., and Saunders, J.W., Aerodynamics for Formula SAE: Initial Design and Performance Prediction, SAE Paper 2006- 01-0806, 2006. 3. Wordley, S.J., and Saunders, J.W., Aerodynamics for Formula SAE: A Numerical, Wind Tunnel and On-Track study, SAE Paper 2006-01-0808, 2006 4. Angel Huminic and Gabriela Huminic, “On the Aerodynamics of the Racing Cars”, 2008- 01-0099. 5. Milliken, Milliken: Race Car . 6. Barnard, R., "Road Vehicle Aerodynamic Design, 3rd Ed," (St Albans, MechAero Publishing, 2009), 54, ISBN: 978-09540734-7-3. 7. Hucho, W-H., "Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles", 4th edition, SAE International, Warrendale, PA, ISBN: 978-0-7680-0029-0, 1998. 8. Good, G.L, Johnson, C., Clough, B. and Lewis, R., "The Aesthetics of Low Drag Vehicles." SAE International, 2011, doi: 10.4271/2011-37-0016. 9. Emmelmann, H-J., Berneburg, H., Schulze J., "The Aerodynamic Development of the Opel Calibra" SAE Paper 900317.