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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE of SIX WINTER WHEAT DWARFING SOURCES WHEN CROSSED to ISOGENIC LINES for NORIN 10 Rht LOCI

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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE of SIX WINTER WHEAT DWARFING SOURCES WHEN CROSSED to ISOGENIC LINES for NORIN 10 Rht LOCI AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Ricardo Pedretti Gonzalez for the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy in Crop Science presented on Auoust 31, 1987 Title: Agronomic Performance of Six Winter Wheat Dwarfing Sources when crossed to Isooenic Lines for Norin 10_Rht_Loci., Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy Dr. Warren E. Kronstad Six genetically diverse dwarfing sources of winter wheat were compared to four isogenic lines for the height reducing genes Rhtl and Rht2. Parents and generations through the F3 including backcrosses to the respective parents were analyzed. Seedling response to gibberellic acid and tests for allelism for plant height were employed to determine possible relationships to Rhti and Rht2. The agronomic value and optimum height levels for selection of grain yield and the yield components were determined. Based on the gibberellin test and segregation patterns for plant height all six dwarfing sources had at least one allele located at the Norin 10 Rht loci. One source, 1523/Druchamp, carried both Rhti and Rht2. Other dwarfing sources carried either Rhti or Rht2 coupled with modifying genes including perhaps those for daylength insensitivity. Tom Thumb carries the Rht3, which is allelic to Rht1, while the Tibet Dwarf has a partially dominant genetic factor conditioning strong dwarfism allelic or closely linked to Rht2. A dosage effect for seedling insensitivity to gibberellic acid was observed when both Rht1 and Rht2 were present. The highest yielding parental dwarfing sources excelled in kernel weight and yield per spike. Isogenic lines and the dwarf 1523/Druchamp obtain their grain yield through increased tiller number. These parental sources also contributed these attributes to their progeny in the F2 and backcross populations. Harvest index was found to beassociated with grain yield only when an adequate total biologicalyield was achieved on a per plant basis. AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SIX WINTER WHEAT DWARFING SOURCES WHEN CROSSED TO ISOGENIC LINES FOR NORIN 10 Rht LOCI by Ricardo Pedretti A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed August 31, 1987 Commencement June, 1988 APPROVED: Redacted for Privacy Professor of Plant Breeding and Genetics, in charge of major Redacted for Privacy He of Crop Science Department Redacted for Privacy Dean of Graduate Date thesis is presented August 31, 1987 Typed by Ricardo and Yolanda Pedretti ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to Dr. Warren E. Kronstad, for his guidance, encouragement and support throughout the course of my graduate study and preparation of this thesis. I further want to thank Drs. S. Broich, G. Fisher, D.W.S. Mok, and R.G. Petersen for serving on my graduate committee and providing their time and expertise. Special thanks are extended to all staff and members of the Cereal Project for their instruction, help, encouragement, and friendship, as well as my fellow graduate students without whom this research could not have been accomplished. Appreciation is expressed to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Latin American Studies Program of American Universities (LASPAU), the Crop Science Department of Oregon State University, and the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia (Paraguay), for providing financial support throughout my course work and research. My wife, Yolanda, deserves special appreciation for her love, understanding, patience and many hours of field, laboratory, and office work throughout this study. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . 1 LITERATURE REVIEW . 3 Genetics of Dwarfism . 4 . Early Studies . 4 The Norin 10 Dwarfing Genes Rht1 and Rht2 5 Gibberellin Response Tests . 7 Use of Gibberellin Tests in Genetic Analysis of Plant Height . 9 The Tom Thumb Dwarfing Gene Rht3 . 10 The Akakomugi Genes Rhtg and Rhtg . 12 The Aibian 1 Gene Rht10 . 14 A Possible New Gene from 'Saitama 27' . 14 The 'Grass Clump' genes . 15 Effects of Dwarfism on Yield and Yield Components . 16 Cultivar Trials . 17 Comparison of Random Lines Homozygous at Rht loc(i) . 18 Comparisons of Isogenic Lines . 22 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 27 Crossing Procedures . 28 Study 1 : Gibberellin Tests . 29 Study 2 : Inheritance Pattern of Plant Height and Agronomic Value of Six Dwarfing Sources in Winter Wheat. 32 RESULTS . 37 Study 1 : Gibberellin Tests . 37 Study 2 : Inheritance Pattern of Plant Height and Agronomic Value of Six Dwarfing Sources in Winter Wheat. 57 a) Inheritance Pattern of Plant Height . 57 b) Agronomic Value of Six Dwarfing Sources in Winter Wheat . 86 Association among Plant Height and Agronomic Traits . 114 Optimum Height for Yield and Yield Components . 117 DISCUSSION . 125 Dwarfing Genes in Experimental Populations . 126 Agronomic Value of Dwarfing Sources . 130 Association among Plant Height and Agronomic Traits . 133 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 136 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 140 APPENDIX . 145 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1 Parental, FI, and F2 frequency distributions for the 45 difference in length between the first and second leaf sheaths of seedlings from the cross rhtl rht2 x Tibet Dwarf grown for 24 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 2 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 45 difference in length between the first and second leaf sheaths of seedlings from the cross Rhtl Rht2 x Tibet Dwarf grown for 24 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 3 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 46 difference in length between the first and second leaf sheaths of seedlings from the cross Rhtl rht2 x Tibet Dwarf grown for 24 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 4 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 46 difference in length between the first and second leaf sheaths of seedlings from the cross rhtl Rht2 x Tibet Dwarf grown for 24 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 5 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 48 difference in length between the first and second leaf sheaths of seedlings from the cross rhtl rht2 x 1523/ Druchamp grown for 20 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 6 Parental, FI, and F2 frequency distributions for the 48 difference in length between the first and second leaf sheaths of seedlings from the cross Rhtl Rht2 x 1523/ Druchamp grown for 20 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 7 Parental, FT, and F2 frequency distributions for the 49 difference in length between the first and second leaf sheaths of seedlings from the cross Rhtl rht2 x 1523/ Druchamp grown for 20 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 8 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 49 difference in length between the first and second leaf sheaths of seedlings from the cross rhtl Rht2 x 1523/ Druchamp grown for 20 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. FIGURE PAGE 9 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 51 total seedling length from the cross rhtl rht2 x English Dwarf grown for 18 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 10 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 51 total seedling length from the cross Rhtl Rht2 x English Dwarf grown for 18 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 11 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 52 total seedling length from the cross Rhtl rht2 x English Dwarf grown for 18 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 12 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 52 total seedling length from the cross rhtl Rht2 x English Dwarf grown for 18 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 13 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 54 second leaf sheath Tength of seedlings from the cross rhtl rht2 x Yamhill Dwarf grown for 18 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 14 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 54 second leaf sheath Tength of seedlings from the cross Rhtl Rht2 x Yamhill Dwarf grown for 18 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 15 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 56 second leaf sheath Tength of seedlings from the cross Rhtl rht2 x Yamhill Dwarf grown for 18 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 16 Parental, F1, and F2 frequency distributions for the 56 second leaf sheath Tength of seedlings from the cross rhtl Rht2 x Yamhill Dwarf grown for 18 days with culture solution and 10 ppm of gibberellic acid. 17 Frequency distribution for plant height of parental, F1, 61 and F2 generations from the cross rhtl rht2 x Tom Thumb (Rht3Jgrown at Hyslop Crop Sience Field Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 1985/86. 18 Frequency distribution for plant height of parental, F1, 61 and F2 generations from the cross Rhtl Rht2 x Tom Thumb (Rht3Jgrown at Hyslop Crop Sience Field Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 1985/86. FIGURE PAGE 19 Frequency distribution for plant height of parental, F1, 63 and F2 generations from the cross Rhtl rht2 x Tom Thumb (Rht3) grown at Hyslop Crop Sience Field Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 1985/86. 20 Frequency distribution for plant height of parental, F1, 63 and F2 generations from the cross rhtl Rht2 x Tom Thumb (Rht3) grown at Hyslop Crop Sience Field Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 1985/86. 21 Frequency distribution for plant height of parental, F1, 66 and F2 generations from the cross rhtl rht2 x Tibet Dwarf grown at Hyslop Crop Sience Field Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 1985/86. 22 Frequency distribution for plant height of parental, F1, 66 and F2 generations from the cross Rhtl Rht2 x Tibet Dwarf grown at Hyslop Crop Sience Field Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, 1985/86.
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