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Semi-Dwarf Cereal Mutants and Their Use in Cross-Breeding Ii

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IAEA-TECDOC-307 SEMI-DWARF CEREAL MUTANTS AND THEIR USE IN CROSS-BREEDING II PROCEEDINGS OF A RESEARCH CO-ORDINATION MEETING ON EVALUATION OF SEMI-DWARF CEREAL MUTANTS FOR CROSS BREEDING ORGANIZEE TH Y DB JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISIO ISOTOPF NO RADIATIOD EAN N APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ENERGY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND HELD IN DAVIS, CALIFORNIA, USA 30 AUGUST - 3 SEPTEMBER 1982 A TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1984 SEMI-DWARF CEREAL MUTANTS AND THEIR USE IN CROSS-BREEDING II IAEA, VIENNA, 1984 IAEA-TECDOC-307 Printed by the IAEA in Austria May 1984 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK IAEe Th A doe t normallsno y maintain stock f reportso thin si s series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders shoul accompaniee db prepaymeny db f Austriao t n Schillings 100,- for e for e chequa th f m th IAEf m o n i o n i r eAo microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y hdma separately fro INIe mth S Clearinghouse. FOREWORD It has become increasingly evident that the role of induced mutations in crop improvement extend r beyonfa s d their direct exploitatio w culne - s a n tivars n impressivA . e numbe f cultivaro r s already have been developed using induced mutant s gena s e donor r desirablfo s e traits e resultTh . s thus obtained imply an even greater potential of mutants as parents for recombination breeding. The yield potential of cereal cultivars in particular, has been conside- rably increased through improved lodging resistance, whic s permitteha h d fuller exploitatio f wateo nd nutrienan r t inputs e mosTh .t important plant character associated with lodging resistanc s culi e m length. Mutation o reducet s d culm length (semi-dwarf height) are among the most common and easily identified amon e viablth g e genetic changes induce n cerealse othei d th rn O hand. , they have been rare in nature or have been selected against. Thus, only a few semi- dwarfing gene source e know ar sd use breedinn an i d f cerealss o likelgi t yYe . that onl a ysmal l portioe potentiath f o n l genetic variabilit r planfo y t height has yet been revealed for possible exploitation, even considering the mutant variation evaluate o datet d . The use in breeding of only a small number of semi-dwarfing gene sources subjects these important food crops to risks of genetic vulnerability towards pest d diseasean s s associate y limitean df o wit widde e th ranghus e f genetio e c variation. It is also notable that certain defects were found to be associated wite semi-dwarfinth h g traits currently used, suc s incompleta h e panicle exser- tion in rice and reduced coleoptile length in wheat. In view of the potential risks of genetic vulnerability, and the fact that many induced semi-dwarf mutants havt eveno en been evaluate r theifo d r potential use in cross breeding, a Co-ordinated Research Programme on the Evaluation of Semi-Dwarf Mutants as Cross-Breeding Materials in Cereals was initiate n 198i d0 witobjective th h provido t e e cereal breeders with alterna- tive source f gene o sr short-staturfo s e plant types e seconTh . d researc- co h ordination meeting of this programme was held August 30-September 3, 1982 at Davis, California. At the meeting, participants reviewed the status of genetic studies and the various aspects of breeding for semi-dwarf plant type in cereals, considered methods for evaluating and exploiting semi-dwarfing gene sources in cross- breeding programmes and made recommendations regarding future research. The present publication includes the papers presented at the meeting, a summar f pointo y s discussed, list f semi-dwarfino s g stocks under investi- e gationconclusionth d an , d recommendationan s s reached. CONTENTS Highly productive mutant genotypes in barley — Direct use in practice and in successive recombination ............................................................................................................ 7 A. Gustafsson, U. Lundqvist Cell sizceld elan numbe dwarn ri f mutant barlef so y (Hordeum vulgäre) .......................9 1 . A.D. Blonstein, M.D. Gale Progres evaluatione th n s i breeding n i e us ,geneti d an , c analysi semi-dwarf so f mutants of barley ........................................................................................................................ 31 S.E. Ullrich, CE. Muir Progress in the evaluation, use in breeding, and genetic analysis of semidwarf mutants of wheat .......................................................................................................................9 3 . CF. Konzak, M.R. Wüson, P.A. Franks Production and evaluation of dwarf and semi-dwarf winter wheat mutants .................... 51 Z. Barabâs, Z. Kertész The effect of the Tom Thumb dwarfing gene on grain size and grain number in wheat (Triticumaestivum) .................................................................................................... 63 M.D. Gale, J.E. Flintham Norie effece th dwarfinTh 0 f n1 o t g gene, Rht2, yield-biomasn o s relationship whean si t (Triticum aestivum) ...................................................................................................1 7 . W/ . Snape, B.B. Parker Inheritance of culm height and grain yield in durum wheat ............................................ 79 FilevK. Yield performance of F3 progenies from a durum wheat cross involving two different semidwarfing genes: Rhtl and SD mutation ................................................................ 91 Giorgi,B. Barbera,F. Bitti,O. CavicchioniG. Semi-dwarf mutant triticaln si whead ean t breeding .......................................................1 10 . C.J. Driscott Genetic studie dwarn so f triticale mutants .......................................................................l Il . NalepaS. Genetic and agronomic evaluation of induced semidwarf mutants of rice ........................ 125 J.N. Rutger Evaluatio genetid nan c analysi semi-dwarf so f mutant ricn si e (Oryza sativa ) ...............L. 5 13 . M.A. Awan, A.A. Cheema, G.R. Tahir Agronomic characteristics of semi-dwarf mutant lines and gene analysis of semi- dwarfness in rice ......................................................................................................... 149 H. Yamagata, T. Tanisaka, Y. Okumoto, M. Nishimura Genetic evaluatio planf no t type variant desirablr sfo e physiological attribute theid san r use in the study of the physiological basis of yield in rice ............................................ 165 E.A. Siddiq, P.R. Ready Genetics of some induced and spontaneous dwarfs of rice and their utilization in cross-breeding ................................................................................................................ 197 E.A. Siddiq, A.R. Sadananda, V.P. Singh, F.W. Zaman semi-dwarf o The eus f mutant breedins sa g material ricn si e ...........................................9 20 . P. Khambanonda, P. Pookamana, A. Sarigabutr Significance of semi-dwarf varieties of rice and their evolution through induced mutations ...................................................................................................................9 21 . B. Bari, G. Mustafa, A.M. Soomro, A.W. Baloch Induced semi-dwarf mutants in upland rice .................................................................... 225 A.M. Riyanti Sumanggono, IsmachinM. Kartoprawiro, P.S. Mugiono Characterization and evaluation of semi-dwarf mutants in Indica rice ............................ 229 T.P. Ready, Vaidyanath,K. G.M. Ready Studie reducen so d height mutant ricn si e .......................................................................7 24 . P. Narahari, BhagwatG. S. A rapid seedüng test for gibberellin response in rice (abstract only) ................................ 259 P. Narahari, BhagwatG. S. Effectivenes breedinf o s g short-stature rice cultivar mutatioy sb n inductio hybridiza. nvs - tion (Short communication) ........................................................................................ 261 CM. Hu List semi-dwarf so f cereal stocks .......................................................................................3 26 . Conclusion recommendationd san s ...................................................................................1 28 . Lis participantf to observerd san s ...................................................................................9 28 . HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE MUTANT GENOTYPE BARLEN SI Y- DIRECT USE IN PRACTICE AND IN SUCCESSIVE RECOMBINATION A. GUSTAFSSON, U. LUNDQVIST Institute of Genetics, University of Lund and Svalöf AB, Svalöv, Sweden Abstract Three special cases of induced mutations in barley are discussed in this paper. They are denoted here as the Gunilla, the Pallas and the Mari cases, afte e threrth e named varietie whico t soriginae th h l mutants gave rise. The original mutants described represent just a small sample e induceth f o d mutants, man whicf yo h have been teste practicn i d d an e have been further studie basin i d c genetic d evolutionaran s y research. The three approved varieties have given rise to further recombination families, which also to some extent have been fused. mutane th f to caseo Tw Pallas- Mard san wer- i e directly usefun i l practic officialld an e y approved e thirTh . d case involve mutana d f o t special appearance - a "bushy type" with an intense blue wax coating
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