From the SelectedWorks of E. H. Campbell

Winter March 14, 2018

Homer’s Iliad Book II, The Great Gathering of Armies A New Translation with Text and Commentary Edward H Campbell

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Available at: https://works.bepress.com/edward_campbell/87/ 1

A New Translation with Text and Commentary,

by E. H. Campbell

Draft 1.0, March 2018

Selected Works of E. H. Campbell:

Steamboat Springs, CO https://works.bepress.com/edward_campbell/ 2

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3

Iliad Book II

The Great Gathering of Armies1

1 Homeri Opera in five volumes, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1920. The text here is the same as the Oxford version though I have radically altered the capitalization and punctuation of that document to suit my purposes, neither of which are sacred. 4

Ἄλλοι μέν ῥα Θεοί2 τε καὶ ἀνέρες3 ἱπποκορυσταὶ4

εὗδον5 παννύχιοι,6 Δία7 δ᾽ οὐκ ἔχε8 νήδυμος9 ὕπνος,10

ἀλλ᾽ ὅ γε μερμήριζε11 κατὰ φρένα12 ὡς Ἀχιλῆα13

τιμήσῃ,14 ὀλέσῃ15 δὲ πολέας16 ἐπὶ νηυσὶν17 Ἀχαιῶν.18

(5) Ἥδε19 δέ οἱ20 κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο21 βουλή,22

πέμψαι ἐπ᾽23 Ἀτρεΐδῃ24 Ἀγαμέμνονι25 οὖλον26 ὄνειρον.27

Καί μιν φωνήσας28 ἔπεα29 πτερόεντα προσηύδα.30

2 masc. nom. pl. of Θεός, God. 3 masc. nom. pl. of ἀνήρ, a man. 4 masc. nom. pl. of ἱπποκορυστής, arranger of chariots, charioteer, to have or furnish horses. 5 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εὕδω, to sleep. 6 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of παννύχιος, all night long. 7 masc. acc. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 8 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω, to have, or to hold; to bear, to carry, or to bring. 9 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of νήδυμος, sweet, delightful; the kind of sleep from which one rises not, sound sleep. 10 masc. nom. sing. of ὕπνος, sleep, or slumber. 11 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μερμηρίζω, to be full of cares, to be anxious or thoughtful, to be in doubt. (Liddell and Scott) 12 fem. acc. sing. of φρήν, the midriff or muscle which parts the heart and lungs, viscera thoracis, from the lower viscera, abdominis. (Liddell and Scott) 13 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀχιλλεύς, Achilles. 14 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of τιμάω, to honor, or to revere. 15 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of ὄλλυμι, to destroy, make an end of. 16 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of πολύς, many. 17 fem. dat. pl. of ναῦς, a ship. 18 Adj., masc. of Ἀχαιός, an Achaean. 19 Pron., fem. nom. sing. of ὅδε, this. 20 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἕ, himself, herself, itself. 21 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of φαίνω, to bring to light, make to appear; to show, or to reveal; to make clear, explain, expound. 22 fem. nom. sing. of βουλή, the will, or its determination; a counsel, piece of advice, plan, design. 23 Prep. (ἐπί) + dat., upon, against, towards. 24 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀτρείδης, son of Atreus. 25 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων, Agamemnon. 26 neut. sing. of οὖλος, destructive, baneful, cruel; a nightmare. 27 neut. sing. of ὄνειρος, a dream. 28 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of φωνέω, to produce a sound, to speak, to call, to call by name. 29 neut. pl. of ἔπος, 30 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of προσαυδάω, to speak to, or to address someone. 5

All the others, the Gods and the charioteers, slept all night long,

But sweet sleep held Zeus not for he was anxious at heart,

About how to honor Achilles, and how to destroy many men

Beside the Achaean ships

In his heart it seemed the best plan was to send a destructive dream

To Agamemnon son of Atreus.

And calling him by name he addressed him with winged-words.

6

Βάσκ᾽31 ἴθι32 οὖλε33 ὄνειρε34 θοὰς35 ἐπὶ νῆας36 Ἀχαιῶν.

Ἐλθὼν37 ἐς κλισίην38 Ἀγαμέμνονος39 Ἀτρεΐδαο40

(10) πάντα41 μάλ᾽ ἀτρεκέως42 ἀγορευέμεν43 ὡς ἐπιτέλλω.44

Θωρῆξαί45 ἑ κέλευε46 κάρη47 κομόωντας48 Ἀχαιοὺς

πανσυδίῃ.49 Νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοι50 πόλιν51 εὐρυάγυιαν52

Τρώων,53 οὐ γὰρ ἔτ᾽ ἀμφὶς54 Ὀλύμπια55 δώματ᾽56 ἔχοντες57

ἀθάνατοι58 φράζονται.59 Ἐπέγναμψεν60 γὰρ ἅπαντας61

(15) Ἥρη λισσομένη,62 Τρώεσσι63 δὲ κήδε᾽64 ἐφῆπται.65

31 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of βάσκω, speed thee away! 32 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of εἶμι, to go. 33 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of οὖλος. 34 masc. voc. sing. of ὄνειρος. 35 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of θοός, swift, quick, nimble. 36 fem. acc. pl. of ναῦς. 37 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἔρχομαι, to come, or to go. 38 fem. acc. sing. of κλισία, a place for lying down; a hut, a cot, or a cabin. 39 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων. 40 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀτρείδης. 41 Adj., neut. pl. of πᾶς, all. 42 Adv. (ἀτρεκής), strictly, precisely, or exactly. 43 pres. act. inf. of ἀγορεύω, to speak in an assembly, harangue, to speak to. 44 1st sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐπιτέλλω, to lay upon, enjoin, prescribe, ordain, or to command. 45 aor. act. inf. of θωρήσσω, to arm, or to get under arms. 46 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of κελεύω, to urge or drive on, urge, exhort, bid, command, order. 47 neut. pl. of κάρα, the head. 48 masc. acc. pl. pres. act. part. of κομάω, to let the hair grow long. 49 Adv., with all speed. 50 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of αἱρέω, to seize with the hand, to grasp; to take by force, to take a city. 51 fem. acc. sing. of πόλις, a city. 52 fem. acc. sing. of εὐρυάγυια, with wide streets. 53 masc. gen. pl. of Τρώς, Tros, the founder of Troy; a Trojan. 54 Adv., on both sides, around, round about. 55 Adj., neut. pl. of Ὀλύμπιος, Olympian, of Olympus, dwelling on Olympus. 56 neut. pl. of δῶμα, a house. 57 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of ἔχω. 58 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἀθάνατος, undying, deathless, immortal. 59 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of φράζω, to point out, or to show, or to indicate; to counsel or advise; in Mid. and Pass. to indicate to oneself, i.e. to think or muse upon, consider, ponder, debate; to think of, purpose, contrive, devise, design. (Liddell and Scott) 60 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐπιγνάμπτω, to bend towards one; metaph. to bow or bend to one's purpose. (Liddell and Scott) 61 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of ἅπας, quite all, the whole; in pl. all together. 62 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of λίσσομαι, to beg, pray, entreat, beseech. 63 masc. dat. pl. of Τρώς. 64 neut. pl. of κῆδος, trouble, sorrow; mostly in pl. troubles. (Liddell and Scott) 65 3rd sing. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ἐφάπτω, to bind on or to; in Mid. to lay hold of, grasp, reach; to lay hold of with the mind, attain to. (Liddell and Scott) 7

O Dire and Dreadful Dream, Go at once!

Go beside the swift ships of the Achaeans.

Go to the hut of Agamemnon son of Atreus,

Tell him everything exactly as I describe it to you.

Urge him to get the Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long

Under arms as quickly as possible,

For the City of the Wide Streets of the Trojans,

Can now be seized, for the Immortals dwelling Olympian abodes

Are no longer divided as to purpose,

For Hera’s entreaties has bent them all to her purpose,

And sorrow shall be known to the Trojans.

8

Ὣς φάτο.66 Βῆ67 δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὄνειρος ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον68 ἄκουσε,69

καρπαλίμως δ᾽ ἵκανε70 θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,

βῆ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἐπ᾽ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα, τὸν δὲ κίχανεν71

εὕδοντ᾽72 ἐν κλισίῃ, περὶ δ᾽ ἀμβρόσιος73 κέχυθ᾽74 ὕπνος.

(20) Στῆ75 δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑπὲρ76 κεφαλῆς Νηληΐῳ77 υἷι78 ἐοικώς79

Νέστορι.80 Τόν ῥα μάλιστα γερόντων81 τῖ᾽82 Ἀγαμέμνων.

Τῷ83 μιν ἐεισάμενος84 προσεφώνεε85 θεῖος86 ὄνειρος.

Εὕδεις87 Ἀτρέος88 υἱὲ89 δαΐφρονος90 ἱπποδάμοιο.91

66 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of φημί. 67 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω, to walk, step, properly of motion on foot; to go away, or to depart. (Liddell and Scott) 68 masc. acc. sing. of μῦθος, a tale, a story; anything, delivered by word of mouth, word, speech; counsel, advice, a command, order. 69 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀκούω, to hear; to listen to, to give ear to, to hearken to. 70 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἱκάνω, to come, to come to, to arrive at. 71 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κιχάνω, to reach, to hit, or to light upon; to meet with, or to find. 72 masc. dat. sing. pres. act. part. of εὕδω. 73 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀμβρόσιος, immortal or divine; night and sleep are called ambrosial, divine, as gifts of the Gods; so of everything belonging to the Gods, as their hair, robes, sandals, the fodder and the mangers of their horses. (Liddell and Scott) 74 3rd sing. perf. mid./pass. ind. of χέω, to pour, or to pour out, to shed tears, in Pass. to become liquid, melt, thaw; in Perf. Pass. κέχυμαι, to be wholly engaged in. (Liddell and Scott) 75 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι, to make to stand. 76 Prep. + gen., over, above, or beyond; from the notion of standing over to protect, for, for defense of, in behalf of; for the sake of a person or thing. 77 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of Νηλεύς, Neleus father of Nestor. 78 masc. dat. sing. of υἱός, a son. 79 masc. nom. sing. perf. act. part. of ἔοικα, to be like, or to look like. 80 masc. dat. sing. of Νέστωρ, Nestor. 81 masc. gen. pl. of γέρων, an old man. 82 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of τίω, to pay honor to a person. 83 Art., neut. dat. sing. of ὁ. 84 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of εἴδομαι, to be visible, or to appear; to appear or seem to be. 85 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of προσφωνέω, to call to or to speak to, to address or accost someone. 86 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of Θεῖος, of or from the Gods, sent by the Gods, issuing from them, divine. 87 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. of εὕδω. 88 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀτρεύς, Atreus. 89 masc. voc. sing. of υἱός. 90 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of δαίφρων, warlike, brave, hostile; also wise, intelligent, or experienced. (Giles, John Allen, A Lexicon of the Greek Language, London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans: 1840) 91 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἱππόδαμος, tamer of horses. 9

And thus he spoke,

And after he had heard the command, the Dream left,

And quickly arrived at the swift Achaean ships,

And walked in upon Agamemnon son of Atreus,

And he found him in his hut sleeping,

And he was wholly engaged in an immortal slumber.

And he stood above his head in the likeness of Nestor, son of Neleus.

Agamemnon honored him most out of all the other old men.

It appeared to him to be a dream sent by the Gods.

You are sleeping O son of Atreus, Wise Tamer of Horses.

10

Οὐ χρὴ92 παννύχιον93 εὕδειν.94 Βουληφόρον95 ἄνδρα96

(25) ᾧ97 λαοί98 τ᾽ ἐπιτετράφαται99 καὶ τόσσα100 μέμηλε.101

Νῦν δ᾽ ἐμέθεν102 ξύνες103 ὦκα.104 Διὸς105 δέ τοι ἄγγελός106 εἰμι.107

Ὃς σεῦ108 ἄνευθεν109 ἐὼν110 μέγα κήδεται111 ἠδ᾽112 ἐλεαίρει.113

Θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε114 κάρη115 κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς

πανσυδίῃ. Νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις116 πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν

(30) Τρώων, οὐ γὰρ ἔτ᾽ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματ᾽ ἔχοντες

ἀθάνατοι φράζονται. Ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας

Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδε᾽ ἐφῆπται

ἐκ Διός.

92 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of χρή, it is fated, it is necessary. 93 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of παννύχιος. 94 pres. act. inf. of εὕδω. 95 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of βουληφόρος, counselling, or advising. 96 masc. acc. sing. of ἀνήρ. 97 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ὅς, his, her, its. 98 masc. nom. pl. of λαός, men. 99 3rd pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ἐπιτρέπω, to turn towards; to turn over to, to commit or entrust to another as trustee, guardian, or vicegerent; to trust, or to rely upon; in Mid. to entrust oneself, leave one's case to; to give up to yield. (Liddell and Scott) 100 Adj., neut. pl. of τόσος, so great, so vast, so long, so much, so far, so very. 101 3rd sing. perf. act. ind. of μέλω, to be an object of care or thought to anyone; to care for. 102 Pron., 1st masc. gen. sing. of ἐγώ. 103 2nd sing. aor. act. imper. of συνίημι, to bring or set together; metaph. to perceive, hear; to understand. 104 Adv., quickly, swiftly, fast. 105 masc. gen. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 106 masc. nom. sing. of ἄγγελος, messenger, envoy; divine messenger, Angel. 107 1st sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 108 Pron., 2nd gen. sing. of σύ. 109 Prep. + gen., without; far away, distant. 110 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of εἰμί. 111 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of κήδω, to trouble, to distress, or to vex. 112 Conj., and. 113 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐλεαίρω, to take pity upon. 114 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κελεύω. 115 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of κείρω. 116 2nd sing. aor. act. opt. of αἱρέω. 11

It is not necessary to sleep all night long.

The men entrust themselves to a thoughtful man, and there is so much for him to worry about.

Now listen to me quick. I am an Angel, a messenger of God.

He being distant is in great distress and he takes pity on you.

He urges you to get the Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long

Under arms as quickly as possible,

For right now you can seize the City of the Wide Streets of the Trojans,

Because the Immortals dwelling in Olympian abodes are no longer divided as to purpose.

For Hera’s entreaties has bent them all to her purpose,

And sorrow shall be known to the Trojans, from God.

12

Ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν117 ἔχε118 φρεσί,119 μηδέ σε λήθη120

αἱρείτω121 εὖτ᾽122 ἄν σε μελίφρων123 ὕπνος ἀνήῃ.124

(35) Ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας125 ἀπεβήσετο,126 τὸν δὲ λίπ᾽127 αὐτοῦ

τὰ φρονέοντ᾽128 ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἅ129 ῥ᾽ οὐ τελέεσθαι130 ἔμελλον.131

Φῆ132 γὰρ ὅ γ᾽ αἱρήσειν133 Πριάμου134 πόλιν ἤματι135 κείνῳ136

νήπιος,137 οὐδὲ τὰ ᾔδη138 ἅ ῥα Ζεὺς μήδετο139 ἔργα.

Θήσειν140 γὰρ ἔτ᾽ ἔμελλεν141 ἐπ᾽ ἄλγεά142 τε στοναχάς143 τε

(40) Τρωσί144 τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι145 διὰ κρατερὰς146 ὑσμίνας.147

117 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of σός, thy, thine. 118 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἔχω. 119 fem. dat. pl. of φρήν. 120 fem. nom. sing. of λήθη, forgetting, forgetfulness. 121 3rd sing. pres. act. imper. of αἱρέω. 122 Conj. (εὖτε), when, at the time when; whenever, so often as; Causal, since, seeing that. 123 masc. nom. sing. of μελίφρων, sweet to the mind. 124 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of ἀνίημι, to send up or forth, to send back. 125 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of φωνέω, to produce a sound; properly of men, to speak loud or clearly, or simply to speak. 126 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀποβαίνω, to step off from a place, to depart. 127 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of λείπω, to leave, or to quit; to leave behind. 128 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of φρονέω, to think, to have understanding, to be sage, to wise, or prudent; to be minded in a certain way, to mean, intend, purpose. (Liddell and Scott) 129 Pron., neut. pl. of ὅς. 130 fut. mid. inf. of τελέω, to complete, fulfil, accomplish, and, generally, to execute, perform. (Liddell and Scott) 131 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of μέλλω, to be destined; to think of doing, intend to do, to be about to do; to express a certainty. 132 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of φημί. 133 fut. act. inf. of αἱρέω. 134 masc. gen. sing. of Πρίαμος, Priam, king of Troy. 135 neut. dat. sing. of ἦμαρ, day. 136 Adj., neut. dat. sing. of ἐκεῖνος, that thing. 137 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of νήπιος, childish, silly. 138 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of οἶδα, to know. 139 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of μήδομαι, to be minded, to intend, or to resolve. 140 fut. act. inf. of τίθημι, to set, to put, or to place. 141 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μέλλω. 142 neut. pl. of ἄλγος, pain of body; pain of mind, either grief or distress. 143 fem. acc. pl. of στοναχή, a groaning, or a wailing. 144 masc. dat. pl. of Τρώς. 145 masc. dat. pl. of Δαναοί, the Danaäns. 146 Adj., fem. acc. pl. κρατερός, strong, stout, or mighty. 147 fem. acc. pl. of ὑσμίνη, a fight, a battle, or a combat. 13

And hold this in your heart, and do not be seized by forgetfulness

When you come back from your sweet sleep.

And having thus spoken, he departed and left him thinking about things for himself,

About the things in his heart which were not destined to be fulfilled.

For a silly man would think he was going to seize the city of Priam on that very day,

And did not know what Zeus had in mind.

For as yet he intended to put pain and suffering on both

The Trojans and the Danaäns by means of mighty battles.

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Ἔγρετο148 δ᾽ ἐξ ὕπνου,149 Θείη150 δέ μιν ἀμφέχυτ᾽151 ὀμφή,152

ἕζετο153 δ᾽ ὀρθωθείς,154 μαλακὸν155 δ᾽ ἔνδυνε156 χιτῶνα157

καλὸν158 νηγάτεον,159 περὶ δὲ μέγα βάλλετο160 φᾶρος,161

ποσσὶ162 δ᾽ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν163 ἐδήσατο164 καλὰ πέδιλα,165

(45) ἀμφὶ166 δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὤμοισιν167 βάλετο168 ξίφος169 ἀργυρόηλον,170

εἵλετο171 δὲ σκῆπτρον172 πατρώϊον173 ἄφθιτον174 αἰεὶ

σὺν τῷ ἔβη175 κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.176

148 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἐγείρω, to awaken, wake up, rouse. 149 masc. gen. sing. of ὕπνος. 150 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of Θεῖος. 151 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀμφιχέω, to pour around, to pour or to spread over; of persons, to embrace. 152 fem. nom. sing. of ὀμφή, voice. 153 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕζομαι, to seat oneself, to sit. 154 masc. nom. sing. aor. pass. part. of ὀρθόω, to set straight, to set upright; to erect or to build. 155 masc. acc. sing. of μαλακός, soft. 156 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἐνδύω, to go into; of clothes, to put on. 157 masc. acc. sing. of χιτών, a garment worn next to the skin, a tunic. 158 masc. acc. sing. of καλός, beautiful. 159 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of νηγάτεος, newly made. 160 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of βάλλω, to throw, cast, or hurl; to throw so as to hit, to hit one with a missile. 161 neut. sing. of φᾶρος, a large piece of cloth, a cloak or mantle, worn over the χιτών. (Liddell and Scott) 162 masc. dat. pl. of πούς, a foot. 163 masc. dat. pl. of λιπαρός, of the skin, shining, sleek. 164 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of δέω, to tie or to bind. 165 neut. pl. of πέδιλον, sandals. 166 Prep. + dat., on both sides of, about, near, at. 167 masc. dat. sing. of ὦμος, the shoulder with the upper arm. 168 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of βάλλω. 169 neut. sing. of ξίφος, a sword. 170 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀργυρόηλος, silver-studded. 171 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of αἱρέω. 172 neut. sing. of σκῆπτρον, scepter, or staff. 173 Adj., neut. sing. of πατρώιος, of one’s fathers, ancestral. 174 Adj., neut. sing. of ἄφθιτος, not liable to perish, undecaying, imperishable. 175 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω. 176 masc. gen. pl. of χαλκοχίτων, bronze-clad. 15

And he roused from his slumber, and the divine voice poured all over him,

And he sat upright, and he put on a newly made soft beautiful undergarment,

And threw on his great big cloak,

And he tied a beautiful pair sandals onto his sleek feet,

And slung a silver-studded sword about his shoulders,

Took up his ancestral scepter, not likely to perish, ever,

And with that walked down to the ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans.

16

Ἡὼς177 μέν ῥα Θεὰ178 προσεβήσετο179 μακρὸν180 Ὄλυμπον181

Ζηνὶ182 φόως183 ἐρέουσα184 καὶ ἄλλοις185 ἀθανάτοισιν.186

(50) Αὐτὰρ ὃ κηρύκεσσι187 λιγυφθόγγοισι188 κέλευσε189

κηρύσσειν190 ἀγορὴν191 δὲ κάρη192 κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς.

Οἳ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον,193 τοὶ194 δ᾽ ἠγείροντο195 μάλ᾽ ὦκα.196

Βουλὴν197 δὲ πρῶτον μεγαθύμων198 ἷζε199 γερόντων200

Νεστορέῃ201 παρὰ νηῒ202 Πυλοιγενέος203 βασιλῆος.204

177 fem. nom. sing. of Ἠώς, dawn. 178 fem. nom. sing. of Θεά, a Goddess. 179 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of προσβαίνω, to put one’s foot against; to step on, to go to or towards, to approach; to ascend. 180 Adj., masc. acc. sing. μακρός, long, tall, far, distant. 181 masc. acc. sing. of Ὄλυμπος, Olympus, a mountain on the Macedonian frontier of Thessaly. (Liddell and Scott) 182 masc. dat. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 183 neut. sing. of to the light, to the light of day; light. 184 fem. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐρέω, to ask or to inquire; to say. 185 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of ἄλλος, other. 186 masc. dat. pl. of ἀθάνατος. 187 masc. dat. pl. of κῆρυξ, a herald. 188 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of λιγύφθογγος, clear-voiced. 189 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κελεύω. 190 pres. act. inf. of κηρύσσω, to be a herald, to officiate as a herald. 191 fem. acc. sing. of ἀγορά, an Agora, or an assembly. 192 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κείρω. 193 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of κηρύσσω. 194 Art., masc. nom. pl. of ὁ. 195 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀγείρω, gather together. 196 Adv., quickly. 197 fem. acc. sing. of βουλή. 198 masc. gen. pl. of μεγάθυμος, great-hearted, or high-minded. 199 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἵζω, to make to sit. 200 masc. gen. pl. of γέρων. 201 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of Νεστόρεος, of Nestor. 202 fem. dat. sing. of ναῦς. 203 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of Πυλοιγενής, born in Pylos. 204 masc. gen. sing. of βασιλεύς, a king. 17

Now in fact, the Goddess Dawn went to distant Olympus,

Announcing Light of Day to Zeus and the other Immortals.

But nevertheless, he ordered the clear-voiced heralds to officiate

An assembly of the Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long.

And they heralded, and the men gathered themselves together very quickly.

And he made the great-hearted old men beside the ships of Nestor,

Born King of Pylos, sit for the first assembly.

18

(55) Τοὺς ὅ γε συγκαλέσας205 πυκινὴν206 ἀρτύνετο207 βουλήν:

Κλῦτε208 φίλοι: Θεῖός209 μοι ἐνύπνιον210 ἦλθεν211 ὄνειρος212

ἀμβροσίην213 διὰ νύκτα.214 Μάλιστα δὲ Νέστορι215 Δίῳ216

εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τ᾽ ἄγχιστα217 ἐῴκει.218

Στῆ219 δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς220 καί με πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν.221

(60) Εὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος222 ἱπποδάμοιο.223

Οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα,

ᾧ λαοί τ᾽ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε.

205 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of συγκαλέω, to call together a council; to convoke, or to convene. 206 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of πυκινός (πυκνός), close-packed, crowded, thick, close, dense; well put together, compact, fast, strong; metaph. of the mind, sagacious, shrewd, wise. (Liddell and Scott) 207 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀρτύνω, to arrange, to prepare, or to devise; in Mid. to prepare for oneself. 208 2nd pl. aor. act. imper. of κλύω, to hear. 209 Adj., masc. nom. sing of Θεῖος. 210 neut. sing. of ἐνύπνιον, a thing seen in sleep; a dream. 211 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἔρχομαι. 212 masc. nom. sing. of ὄνειρος. 213 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἀμβρόσιος, divine, immortal, ambrosial. 214 fem. acc. sing. of νύξ, night. 215 masc. dat. sing. of Νέστωρ, Nestor. 216 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of Δῖος, God-like, or divine. 217 Adj., superl., neut. pl. of ἄγχιστος, nearest; of Time, most lately, but now, most recently. (Liddell and Scott) 218 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of ἔοικα. 219 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι. 220 fem. gen. sing. of κεφαλή, the head of man or beast. 221 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εἶπον. 222 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of δαίφρων, of war-like mind; wise of mind, prudent. 223 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἱππόδαμος. 19

Calling them together, he devised a wise plan.

Dear friends, listen up. I saw something in a dream from God which came to me

During an ambrosial night. And the thing I saw

Looked most like the Godlike Nestor,

And was nearest to him both in greatness, and in stature.

And he stood over my head and told me a story.

You are sleeping son of Atreus Wise Tamer of Horses.

It is not necessary to sleep all night long.

The men entrust themselves to a thoughtful man, and there is so much for him to worry about.

20

Νῦν δ᾽ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα. Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι.

Ὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδ᾽ ἐλεαίρει.

(65) Θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς

πανσυδίῃ. Νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν

Τρώων, οὐ γὰρ ἔτ᾽ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματ᾽ ἔχοντες

ἀθάνατοι φράζονται. Ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας

Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδε᾽ ἐφῆπται

(70) ἐκ Διός. Ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσίν.

21

Now listen to me quick. I am an Angel, a messenger of God.

He being distant is in great distress and he takes pity on you.

He urges you to get the Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long

Under arms as quickly as possible,

For right now you can seize the City of the Wide Streets of the Trojans,

Because the Immortals dwelling in Olympian abodes are no longer divided as to purpose.

For Hera’s entreaties has bent them all to her will,

And sorrow shall be known to the Trojans, from God.

And hold this in your heart.

22

ὣς ὃ μὲν εἰπὼν,

ᾤχετ᾽224 ἀποπτάμενος,225 ἐμὲ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν.226

Ἀλλ᾽ ἄγετ᾽ αἴ κέν πως227 θωρήξομεν228 υἷας229 Ἀχαιῶν.

Πρῶτα δ᾽ ἐγὼν ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι.230 Ἣ θέμις231 ἐστί.232

Καὶ φεύγειν233 σὺν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι234 κελεύσω.235

(75) Ὑμεῖς δ᾽ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος236 ἐρητύειν237 ἐπέεσσιν.238

Ἤτοι239 ὅ γ᾽ ὣς εἰπὼν240 κατ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἕζετο,241 τοῖσι242 δ᾽ ἀνέστη243

Νέστωρ, ὅς ῥα Πύλοιο244 ἄναξ245 ἦν246 ἠμαθόεντος,247

Ὅ σφιν ἐὺ248 φρονέων249 ἀγορήσατο250 καὶ μετέειπεν.251

224 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of οἴχομαι, to be gone, to have gone. 225 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of ἀποπέτομαι, to fly off, or to fly away. 226 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀνίημι. 227 Partic., in any way, at all, by any means. 228 1st pl. aor. act. subj. of θωρήσσω. 229 masc. acc. pl. of υἱός. 230 1st sing. fut. mid. ind. of πειράω, to attempt, endeavor, try to do. 231 fem. nom. sing. of θέμις, that which is lain down, or established by custom. 232 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 233 pres. act. inf. of φεύγω, to flee, to run away, or to take flight. 234 fem. dat. pl. of πολυκλήις, with many benches of rowers. 235 1st sing. fut. act. ind. of κελεύω. 236 ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος = one from one place, another from another. (Liddell and Scott) 237 pres. act. inf. of ἐρητύω, to keep back, to restrain, or to check. 238 neut. dat. pl. of ἔπος. 239 Partic., now surely, truly, verily. 240 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶπον. 241 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἕζομαι. 242 Art., masc. dat. pl. of ὁ. 243 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀνίστημι, to make to stand up, to stand up, to raise up. 244 masc. gen. sing. of Πύλος, Pylos. 245 masc. nom. sing. of ἄναξ, lord and master. 246 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 247 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἠμαθόεις, sandy. 248 Adv. (εὖ), well. 249 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of φρονέω. 250 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀγοράομαι, to meet in assembly, sit in debate. 251 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of μετεῖπον, to speak among others address them; to be speaking after or next. 23

And having thus spoken, flying off, he departed,

And sent me back into sweet sleep.

But let’s see if we can get the sons of the Achaeans under arms.

But first I will make a trial of it by means of a speech.

It is customary. I shall urge them to flee in their ships with many benches.

But you, on the other hand, try to hold them back with another speech.

He indeed having thus spoken, sat himself down,

And Nestor, who was Lord and Master of Pylos, stood up among them.

He being well intentioned met in the Agora, and addressed them.

24

Ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων252 ἡγήτορες253 ἠδὲ μέδοντες.254

(80) Εἰ μέν τις τὸν ὄνειρον255 Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ἔνισπε256

ψεῦδός257 κεν φαῖμεν258 καὶ νοσφιζοίμεθα259 μᾶλλον,260

νῦν δ᾽ ἴδεν261 ὃς μέγ᾽262 ἄριστος263 Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται264 εἶναι.

Ἀλλ᾽ ἄγετ᾽265 αἴ266 κέν πως θωρήξομεν267 υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.

Ὣς268 ἄρα φωνήσας269 βουλῆς270 ἐξῆρχε271 νέεσθαι,272

(85) οἳ δ᾽ ἐπανέστησαν273 πείθοντό274 τε ποιμένι275 λαῶν276

σκηπτοῦχοι277 βασιλῆες,278 ἐπεσσεύοντο279 δὲ λαοί.

252 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Ἀργεῖος, from Argos, an Argive. 253 masc. voc. pl. of ἡγήτωρ, a leader, commander, or a chief. 254 masc. voc. pl. of μέδων, a ruler. 255 masc. acc. sing. of ὄνειρος. 256 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐνέπω, to tell, tell of, relate, or describe. 257 neut. sing. of ψεῦδος, falsehood, lie. 258 1st pl. pres. act. opt. of φημί. 259 1st pl. pres. mid./pass. opt. of νοσφίζομαι, to turn one’s back upon; to turn away, shrink back; to turn away from a person. 260 Adv., comp. of μάλα, much more. 261 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εἶδον. 262 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας. 263 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἄριστος, best, most virtuous, most excellent, bravest, and noblest. 264 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. subj. of εὐχετάομαι, to pray. 265 Adv., ἄγε. 266 Conj., εἰ. 267 1st pl. aor. act. ind. of θωρήσσω. 268 Adv., ὡς. 269 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of φωνέω. 270 fem. gen. sing. of βουλή. 271 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἐξάρχω, to begin, to take the lead in, to initiate. 272 pres. mid./pass. inf. of νέομαι, to come or to go. 273 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἐπανίστημι, to set up again; to make rise against. 274 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of πείθω, to prevail upon, win over, persuade, or convince. 275 masc. dat. sing. of ποιμήν, herdsman, whether of sheep or oxen, after Homer always shepherd. (Liddell and Scott) 276 masc. gen. pl. of λαός. 277 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of σκηπτοῦχος, bearing a scepter. 278 masc. nom. pl. of βασιλεύς. 279 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of πεσσεύω, to play at draughts, to gamble. 25

O dear friends, rulers and commanders of the Argives.

If any other man among the Achaeans had described this dream

We would have called it a lie and turned our backs on him forever,

But as it is the man who saw it, you should pray,

Is the biggest thing and best man for the Achaeans.

But the question now is how do we get the sons of the Achaeans under arms.

As he spoke he took the initiative to leave the counsel,

And being convinced by the herder of men, the sceptered kings rose,

And the men were playing draughts.

26

Ἠΰτε ἔθνεα280 εἶσι281 μελισσάων282 ἁδινάων283

πέτρης284 ἐκ γλαφυρῆς285 αἰεὶ νέον286 ἐρχομενάων,287

βοτρυδὸν288 δὲ πέτονται289 ἐπ᾽ ἄνθεσιν290 εἰαρινοῖσιν,291

(90) αἳ μέν τ᾽ ἔνθα ἅλις292 πεποτήαται,293 αἳ δέ τε ἔνθα.

Ὣς τῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ νεῶν294 ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων295

ἠϊόνος296 προπάροιθε297 βαθείης298 ἐστιχόωντο299

ἰλαδὸν300 εἰς ἀγορήν. Μετὰ δέ σφισιν ὄσσα301 δεδήει302

ὀτρύνουσ᾽303 ἰέναι304 Διὸς305 ἄγγελος,306 οἳ δ᾽ ἀγέροντο.307

280 neut. pl. of ἔθνος, a number of people accustomed to live together, a company, body of men; a nation, a people. 281 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 282 fem. gen. pl. of μέλισσα, a bee, Lat. apis. 283 Adj., fem. gen. pl. of ἁδινός, close, thick. 284 fem. gen. sing. of πέτρα, a rock, a ledge or shelf of rock. 285 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of γλαφυρός, of ships, hollow, hollowed. 286 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of νέος, new, young, fresh, youthful. 287 fem. gen. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἔρχομαι. 288 Adv., in a bunch like grapes, in clusters. 289 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of πέτομαι. 290 neut. dat. pl. of ἄνθος, a blossom, or a flower. 291 Adj., neut. dat. pl. of ἐαρινός, the Spring, or the spring-time. 292 Adv., in heaps, crowds, swarms, in abundance, in plenty. 293 3rd pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ποτάομαι, to fly hither and thither. 294 fem. gen. pl. of ναῦς. 295 fem. gen. pl. of κλισία. 296 fem. gen. sing. of ἠιών, sea-shore. 297 Adv., before, or in front of. 298 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of βαθύς, deep. 299 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of στιχάομαι, to march in rows; of ships, to come in lines. 300 Adv., in troops. 301 fem. nom. sing. of ὄσσα, a rumor. 302 3rd sing. pluperf. act ind. of δαίω, to light up, make to burn, kindle, Lat. accendo. 303 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ὀτρύνω, to stir up, rouse, egg on, spur on, encourage. 304 pres. act. inf. of εἶμι. 305 masc. gen. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 306 masc. nom. sing. of ἄγγελος. 307 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἀγείρω. 27

The entire nation, like a swarm of bees coming out from under a rock,

Came out ever new from the hollow of a ship,

Flying about here and there in crowds.

And so those of the many tribes from their ships and huts

Marched in rows to the Agora, along the sea-shore,

Before the deep.

And among them, Rumor, being a messenger of God, ignited them,

And they being aroused, gathered themselves together.

28

(95) Τετρήχει308 δ᾽ ἀγορή, ὑπὸ δὲ στεναχίζετο309 γαῖα310

λαῶν ἱζόντων,311 ὅμαδος312 δ᾽ ἦν,313 ἐννέα314 δέ σφεας

κήρυκες315 βοόωντες316 ἐρήτυον,317 εἴ ποτ᾽318 ἀϋτῆς319

σχοίατ᾽,320 ἀκούσειαν321 δὲ Διοτρεφέων322 βασιλήων.323

Σπουδῇ324 δ᾽ ἕζετο325 λαός, ἐρήτυθεν326 δὲ καθ᾽ ἕδρας327

(100) παυσάμενοι328 κλαγγῆς,329 ἀνὰ330 δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων

ἔστη331 σκῆπτρον ἔχων τὸ μὲν Ἥφαιστος κάμε332 τεύχων.333

308 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of ταράσσω, to stir, to stir up, to stir up trouble; to trouble the mind, confound, agitate, disturb, disquiet. 309 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of στεναχίζω, to sigh, to groan, or to wail. 310 fem. nom. sing. of γαῖα, the Earth; land or country; soil. 311 masc. gen. sing. pres. act. part. of ἵζω. 312 masc. nom. sing. of ὅμαδος, a noise, din, made by a number of people speaking together; a noisy throng. 313 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 314 Numeral, nine. 315 masc. nom. pl. of κῆρυξ. 316 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of βοάω, to cry aloud, or to shout. 317 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἐρητύω. 318 Partic. (ποτέ), at some time or other, at any time ever 319 fem. gen. sing. of ἀυτή, to cry, or to shout, esp. a battle-shout, or a war-cry. 320 3rd sing. aor. mid. opt. of ἔχω, in Mid. to hold on by, cling to; maintain. 321 3rd pl. aor. act. opt. of ἀκούω. 322 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Διοτρεφής, cherished by Zeus, beloved of God. 323 masc. gen. pl. of βασιλεύς. 324 fem. dat. sing. of σπουδή, haste, speed. 325 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἕζομαι. 326 3rd pl. aor. pass. ind. of ἐρητύω. 327 fem. acc. pl. of ἕδρα, a sitting-place, a seat. 328 masc. nom. pl. aor. mid. part. of παύω, to make cease, or to put an end to. 329 fem. gen. sing. of κλαγγή, any sharp sound, such as the twang of a bow; the scream of cranes; the grunting; the hissing of serpents; the barking of dogs; the sound many men talking. 330 Prep. without a case, used as an Adverb, thereupon. (Liddell and Scott) 331 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι. 332 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κάμνω, to work. 333 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of τεύχω, to make. 29

And the Agora was astir, and the Earth groaned because the men sitting,

And there was a noisy throng, and nine heralds shouting held them back,

If they could ever restrain the uproar,

They could hear from Kings beloved of God.

And with haste the men were seated down in their seats,

And the commotion was put an end to.

And thereupon Lord Agamemnon stood holding the scepter,

Which Hephaestus by toiling made.

30

Ἥφαιστος μὲν δῶκε Διὶ334 Κρονίωνι335 ἄνακτι,336

αὐτὰρ ἄρα Ζεὺς δῶκε Διακτόρῳ337 Ἀργεϊφόντῃ,338

Ἑρμείας339 δὲ ἄναξ δῶκεν340 Πέλοπι341 πληξίππῳ,342

(105) αὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτε343 Πέλοψ δῶκ᾽ Ἀτρέϊ344 ποιμένι345 λαῶν,

Ἀτρεὺς δὲ θνῄσκων346 ἔλιπεν347 πολύαρνι348 Θυέστῃ,349

αὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτε Θυέστ᾽ Ἀγαμέμνονι350 λεῖπε351 φορῆναι,352

πολλῇσιν νήσοισι353 καὶ Ἄργεϊ354 παντὶ ἀνάσσειν.355

334 masc. dat. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 335 masc. dat. sing. of Κρονίων, Kronos. 336 masc. dat. sing. of ἄναξ. 337 masc. dat. sing. of Διάκτορος, epith. of Hermes, the Messenger or Minister of God. 338 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀργειφόντης, slayer of Argus. 339 masc. nom. sing. of Ἑρμείας, Hermes. 340 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of δίδωμι. 341 masc. dat. sing. of Πέλοψ, Pelops. 342 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of πλήξιππος, driver of horses. 343 Adv., again. 344 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀτρεύς. 345 masc. dat. sing. of ποιμήν. 346 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of θνήσκω, to die, to be dying. 347 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of λείπω. 348 masc. dat. sing. of πολύαρνος, with many lambs or sheep, rich in flocks. 349 masc. dat. sing. of Θυέστης, Thyestes. 350 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων. 351 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of λείπω. 352 pres. act. inf. of φορέω, to bear or carry constantly, to be used to carry; commonly of clothes and armour, to bear constantly, wear, Lat. gesto. (Liddell and Scott) 353 fem. dat. pl. of νῆσος, an island. 354 neut. dat. sing. of Ἄργος, Argos. 355 pres. act. inf. of ἀνάσσω, to be lord and master. 31

Hephaestus gave it to God son of Kronos,

But God nevertheless gave it to the Messenger of God,

Slayer of Argus, then Lord Hermes gave it to Pelops, Driver of Horses,

But again, the Pelops nevertheless gave it to Atreus, Herder of Men,

And the dying Atreus left it to Thyestes, Rich in Flocks,

But again, the Thyestes nevertheless left it to Agamemnon to wear constantly,

Along with many islands and all of Argos to be lord and master.

32

Τῷ ὅ γ᾽ ἐρεισάμενος356 ἔπε᾽ Ἀργείοισι μετηύδα.357

(110) Ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες358 Δαναοὶ359 θεράποντες360 Ἄρηος361

Ζεύς με μέγα Κρονίδης ἄτῃ362 ἐνέδησε363 βαρείῃ.364

Σχέτλιος,365 ὃς πρὶν366 μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο367 καὶ κατένευσεν368

Ἴλιον369 ἐκπέρσαντ᾽370 εὐτείχεον371 ἀπονέεσθαι.372

Νῦν δὲ κακὴν ἀπάτην373 βουλεύσατο,374 καί με κελεύει

(115) δυσκλέα375 Ἄργος ἱκέσθαι,376 ἐπεὶ πολὺν ὤλεσα377 λαόν.

356 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of ἐρείδω, prop up, support, stay, to cause to lean; Med. and Pass., prop oneself, lean upon. 357 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μεταυδάω, to speak among others and to address them. 358 masc. voc. pl. of ἥρως, a hero. 359 masc. voc. pl. of Δαναοί. 360 masc. voc. pl. of θεράπων, a waiting-man, attendant; a servant. 361 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄρης, Ares, the God of destruction, war, battle, discord, and slaughter. 362 fem. dat. sing. of ἄτη, bewilderment, infatuation, reckless impulse, caused by judicial blindness sent by the Gods. 363 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐνδέω, to bind in, on or to. 364 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of βαρύς, heavy in weight. 365 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of σχέτλιος, able to hold out, unwearying, unflinching. 366 Adv., before, until. 367 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ὑπισχνέομαι, to promise or engage to do a thing. 368 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κατανεύω, to nod assent; to grant, or to promise. 369 fem. acc. sing. of Ἴλιος, Ilion. 370 masc. acc. sing. aor. act. part. of ἐκπέρθω, to sack, or to utterly destroy. 371 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of εὐτείχεος, well-walled. 372 pres. mid./pass. inf. of ἀπονέομαι, go away, depart. 373 fem. acc. sing. of ἀπάτη, trick, fraud, deceit. 374 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of βουλεύω, to deliberate, to determine, to give counsel, to resolve to do, to plan, or to devise. 375 Adj., neut. pl. of δυσκλεής, inglorious, infamous, shameful. 376 aor. mid. inf. of ἱκνέομαι, to come to a place. 377 1st sing. aor. act. ind. of ὄλλυμι. 33

And he, leaning on it, addressed the Argives.

O Dear Friends, Heroes, Danaäns, Slaves of Ares,

Zeus the son of Kronos has fettered me with an enormous matter

Of bewildering weight.

The Unflinching Tireless is He who promised me, and nodded his head in assent,

That before departing the Well-Walled Ilion would be destroyed utterly.

But now he has devised an evil trick and urges me to return to Argos

With shameful things after destroying many men.

34

Οὕτω378 που379 Διὶ380 μέλλει381 ὑπερμενέϊ382 φίλον383 εἶναι,384

ὃς δὴ πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε385 κάρηνα386

ἠδ᾽ ἔτι καὶ λύσει,387 τοῦ γὰρ κράτος388 ἐστὶ μέγιστον.389

ᾈσχρὸν390 γὰρ τόδε391 γ᾽ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι392 πυθέσθαι393

(120) μὰψ394 οὕτω τοιόνδε395 τοσόνδε396 τε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν

ἄπρηκτον397 πόλεμον πολεμίζειν398 ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι399

ἀνδράσι παυροτέροισι,400 τέλος401 δ᾽ οὔ πώ402 τι πέφανται.403

378 Adv. (οὕτως), in this way. 379 Adv., somewhere, anywhere; methinks, doubtless, perhaps. 380 masc. dat. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 381 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of μέλλω. 382 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of ὑπερμενής, exceedingly mighty, exceedingly strong. 383 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of φίλος. 384 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί. 385 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of καταλύω, to put down, or to destroy. 386 neut. pl. of κάρηνον, the head. 387 3rd sing. fut. act. ind. of λύω, to undo, bring to naught, break down, destroy. 388 neut. sing. of κράτος, strength, might. 389 Adj., superl., neut. sing. of μέγας. 390 Adj., neut. sing. of αἰσχρός, causing shame, dishonoring, reproachful. 391 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅδε. 392 masc. dat. pl. fut. mid. part. of εἰμί. 393 aor. mid. inf. of πυνθάνομαι, to learn something by hearsay or by inquiry. 394 Adv., in vain, idly, fruitlessly; foolishly, thoughtlessly. 395 Pron., neut. sing. of τοιόσδε, such as this; τοιόσδε stronger = form of τοῖος. (Liddell and Scott) 396 Pron., neut. sing. of τοσόσδε, so very, so very much. 397 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἄπρακτος, doing nothing, ineffectual, unprofitable. 398 pres. act. inf. of πολεμίζω, to wage war, make war, fight. 399 pres. mid./pass. inf. of μάχομαι, to fight. 400 Adj., comp., masc. dat. pl. of παῦρος, smaller, or fewer. 401 neut. sing. of τέλος, the end. 402 Partic., up to this time, yet. 403 3rd sing. perf. mid./pass. ind. of φαίνω. 35

Doubtlessly he somehow intends to be a man dear to God Almighty,

He who hath put down the heads of many cities,

And he shall still destroy more, for he is most strong.

For it is a disgraceful thing,

And this matter will be heard about by men in the future.

About the foolish manner the Achaean men waged,

And they themselves fought, such a very unprofitable war

Against fewer men, and as yet there is not any end in sight.

36

Εἴ περ404 γάρ κ᾽ ἐθέλοιμεν405 Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε

ὅρκια406 πιστὰ407 ταμόντες408 ἀριθμηθήμεναι409 ἄμφω,410

(125) Τρῶας411 μὲν λέξασθαι412 ἐφέστιοι,413 ὅσσοι414 ἔασιν,415

ἡμεῖς416 δ᾽ ἐς δεκάδας417 διακοσμηθεῖμεν418 Ἀχαιοί,

Τρώων419 δ᾽ ἄνδρα420 ἕκαστοι421 ἑλοίμεθα422 οἰνοχοεύειν,423

πολλαί κεν δεκάδες δευοίατο424 οἰνοχόοιο.425

404 Partic., all. 405 1st pl. pres. act. opt. of ἐθέλω, to be willing. 406 neut. pl. of ὅρκιον, an oath; that which is sworn to, the articles of a treaty. (Liddell and Scott) 407 Adj., neut. pl. of πιστός, to be trusted. 408 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of τέμνω, to cut, to hew; to wound, to maim; to cut to pieces; to sacrifice. 409 aor. pass. inf. of ἀριθμέω, to number, to count, to reckon up. 410 Adj., masc. nom. dual of ἄμφω, both. 411 masc. acc. pl. of Τρώς. 412 aor. mid. inf. of λέγω. 413 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἐφέστιος, at one's own fireside, at home; ἐφέστιοι ὅσσοι ἔασιν = as many as have a home of their own. (Liddell and Scott) 414 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ὅσος, as many as. 415 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 416 Pron., 1st masc. nom. pl. of ἐγώ. 417 fem. acc. pl. of δεκάς, a company of ten. 418 1st pl. aor. pass. opt. of διακοσμέω, divide and marshal, muster, array. 419 masc. gen. pl. of Τρώς. 420 masc. acc. sing. of ἀνήρ. 421 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἕκαστος, each. 422 1st pl. aor. mid. opt. of αἱρέω. 423 pres. act. inf. of οἰνοχοεύω, to pour out wine for the drinking. 424 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. opt. of δέω, to lack, to miss, to stand in need of. 425 masc. gen. sing. of οἰνοχόος, cupbearer, wine-pourer. 37

If all of us were willing, both Trojans and Achaeans,

Were to both be counted and, while sacrificing, swear an oath to be trusted,

Let the Trojans gather together at their own hearths and homes, as many as there are.

And we Achaeans divided and marshalled ourselves in tens,

And each of us chose a man to pour out wine for the drinking for a Trojan,

Many of our tens would lack a cupbearer.

38

Τόσσον ἐγώ φημι426 πλέας427 ἔμμεναι428 υἷας Ἀχαιῶν

(130) Τρώων, οἳ ναίουσι429 κατὰ πτόλιν,430 ἀλλ᾽ ἐπίκουροι431

πολλέων432 ἐκ πολίων433 ἐγχέσπαλοι434 ἄνδρες435 ἔασιν,436

οἵ με μέγα437 πλάζουσι438 καὶ οὐκ εἰῶσ᾽439 ἐθέλοντα440

Ἰλίου441 ἐκπέρσαι442 εὖ ναιόμενον443 πτολίεθρον.444

Ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι445 Διὸς μεγάλου446 ἐνιαυτοί,447

(135) καὶ δὴ δοῦρα448 σέσηπε449 νεῶν καὶ σπάρτα450 λέλυνται.451

426 1st sing. pres. act. ind. of φημί. 427 Adj., comp., masc. acc. pl. of πλέονας, more. πλέας = a short form of πλέονας. (Benner, Allen Rogers, Selections from Homer's Iliad, with an introduction, notes, a short Homeric grammar, and a vocabulary, New York: Irvington Publishers, Inc: 1903) 428 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί. 429 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ναίω, to dwell, to abide, or to inhabit. 430 fem. acc. sing. of πόλις. 431 masc. nom. pl. of ἐπίκουρος, a help, an assister, or an ally. 432 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of πολύς. 433 fem. gen. sing. of πόλις. 434 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἐγχέσπαλος, spear wielding. 435 masc. nom. pl. of ἀνήρ. 436 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 437 neut. sing. of μέγας. 438 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of πλάζω, to turn aside. 439 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ἐάω, to let, to suffer, to allow, or to permit; to let alone, to leave be. 440 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐθέλω. 441 fem. gen. sing. of Ἴλιος. 442 aor. act. inf. of ἐκπέρθω. 443 neut. acc. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ναίω. 444 neut. sing. of πτολίεθρον, a citadel. 445 3rd pl. perf. act. ind. of βαίνω. 446 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of μέγας, of Gods, great, strong, or mighty. 447 masc. nom. pl. of ἐνιαυτός, an anniversary; any long period of time, a cycle, period; a year. 448 neut. pl. of δόρυ, a stem, a tree; commonly a plank or beam; a ship’s plank. 449 3rd sing. perf. act. ind. of σήπω, to make rotten. 450 neut. pl. of σπάρτον, a rope, or a cable. 451 3rd pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of λύω, of things, to loosen, to unbind, or to unfasten. 39

I say there are vastly more of the sons of the Achaeans

Than there are Trojans who live in the city.

But there many allies from the many cities, spear wielding men,

They are a big thing turning me aside, and they are unwilling to allow

The destruction of the well inhabited citadel of Ilion.

Nine of the Great God’s years have departed,

And the planks of the ships have become rotten, and their ropes have become slackened.

40

ᾋ δέ που ἡμέτεραί452 τ᾽ ἄλοχοι453 καὶ νήπια454 τέκνα455

εἵατ᾽456 ἐνὶ μεγάροις457 ποτιδέγμεναι.458 Ἄμμι459 δὲ ἔργον

αὔτως ἀκράαντον460 οὗ461 εἵνεκα462 δεῦρ᾽463 ἱκόμεσθα.464

Ἀλλ᾽ ἄγεθ᾽ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω465 πειθώμεθα466 πάντες.

(140) Φεύγωμεν467 σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα468 γαῖαν.469

Οὐ γὰρ ἔτι Τροίην αἱρήσομεν470 εὐρυάγυιαν.

452 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of ἡμέτερος, our. 453 fem. nom. pl. of ἄλοχος, one’s wife. 454 Adj., neut. pl. of νήπιος, infant. 455 neut. pl. of τέκνον, child. 456 3rd pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕζομαι. 457 neut. dat. pl. of μέγαρον, a large room, or a hall. 458 Fem. nom. pl. aor. mid./pass. part. of προσδέχομαι, waiting for or expecting. 459 Pron., 1st masc. dat. pl. of ἐγώ. 460 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀκράαντος, unfulfilled, or fruitless. 461 Adv., wherefore. 462 Prep., on account of. 463 Adv. (δεῦρο), hither. 464 1st pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἱκνέομαι. 465 1st sing. aor. act. subj. of εἶπον. 466 1st pl. pres. mid./pass. subj. of πείθω. 467 1st pl. pres. act. subj. of φεύγω. 468 fem. acc. sing. of πατρίς, of one’s father. 469 fem. acc. sing. of γαῖα. 470 1st pl. fut. act. ind. of αἱρέω. 41

And doubtlessly our wives and our infant children sit

In our meeting-halls awaiting us. And as it is, our fruitless endeavor

Is the very reason wherefore we came hither.

But come now. We should all be convinced by what I have already said so far.

Let us flee in our ships to the dear land of our fathers,

For we shall not capture the city with the broad streets Troy.

42

Ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι471 δὲ θυμὸν472 ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν473 ὄρινε474

πᾶσι475 μετὰ πληθὺν476 ὅσοι477 οὐ βουλῆς478 ἐπάκουσαν.479

Κινήθη480 δ᾽ ἀγορὴ φὴ481 κύματα482 μακρὰ483 θαλάσσης484

(145) πόντου485 Ἰκαρίοιο,486 τὰ μέν τ᾽ Εὖρός487 τε Νότος488 τε

ὤρορ᾽489 ἐπαΐξας490 πατρὸς Διὸς ἐκ νεφελάων.

Ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε491 κινήσῃ492 Ζέφυρος493 βαθὺ494 λήϊον495 ἐλθὼν496

λάβρος497 ἐπαιγίζων,498 ἐπί τ᾽ ἠμύει499 ἀσταχύεσσιν,500

ὣς τῶν πᾶσ᾽ ἀγορὴ κινήθη.501

471 masc. dat. pl. of ὁ. 472 masc. acc. sing. of θυμός, the soul, or the spirit. 473 neut. dat. pl. of στῆθος, the breast as the place of the heart. 474 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὀρίνω, to stir, or to become agitated. 475 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of πᾶς. 476 fem. acc. sing. of πληθύς, a throng, or a crowd. 477 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ὅσος. 478 fem. gen. sing. of βουλή. 479 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἐπακούω, to listen or hearken to, to hear. 480 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of κινέω, to set in motion, to move; to rouse, or to disturb. 481 Adv., like, or as. 482 neut. pl. of κῦμα, anything swollen such as a sea or a wave. 483 Adj., neut. pl. of μακρός. 484 fem. gen. sing. of θάλασσα, the sea. 485 masc. gen. sing. of πόντος, the sea. 486 masc. gen. sing. of Ἰκάριος, Icarian. 487 masc. nom. sing. of Εὖρος, the East wind. 488 masc. nom. sing. of Νότος, the South Wind. 489 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὄρνυμι, in a radical sense to stir, stir up, esp. of bodily movement, to set on, urge on, incite; to make to arise, to awaken, call forth. 490 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἐπαίσσω, to rush at, or to rush upon; to assail, or to assault. 491 Conj., when, at the time when. 492 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of κινέω, to set in motion, or to move. 493 masc. nom. sing. of Ζέφυρος, the West wind. 494 Adj., neut. sing. of βαθύς, deep. 495 neut. sing. of λήιον, a crop. 496 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἔρχομαι. 497 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of λάβρος, furious, boisterous. 498 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐπαιγίζω, to rush upon. 499 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἠμύω, to bow down, or to sink. 500 masc. dat. pl. of ἄσταχυς, an ear of corn. 501 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of κινέω. 43

And so he spoke. And he stirred them in their heart and soul,

And the whole great crowd of the Boulè was not hearkened to.

The Agora was set in motion like the long waves on the waters

Of the Icarian Sea, and with both the East wind and the South wind

Excited by Father God the Cloud Gatherer rushing upon it.

Just as when the West wind comes with a furious rush upon a deep corn field,

And the ears of corn bow down, thus the whole Agora was stirred up.

44

Τοὶ δ᾽ ἀλαλητῷ502

(150) νῆας ἔπ᾽ ἐσσεύοντο,503 ποδῶν504 δ᾽ ὑπένερθε505 κονίη506

ἵστατ᾽507 ἀειρομένη.508 Τοὶ δ᾽ ἀλλήλοισι509 κέλευον510

ἅπτεσθαι511 νηῶν ἠδ᾽ ἑλκέμεν512 εἰς ἅλα513 Δῖαν,514

οὐρούς515 τ᾽ ἐξεκάθαιρον,516 ἀϋτὴ517 δ᾽ οὐρανὸν518 ἷκεν519

οἴκαδε520 ἱεμένων,521 ὑπὸ δ᾽ ᾕρεον522 ἕρματα523 νηῶν.

502 masc. dat. sing. of ἀλαλητός, the shout of victory. 503 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pss. ind. of σεύω, put in quick motion; let loose; to run. 504 masc. gen. pl. of πούς. 505 Adv., underneath. 506 fem. nom. sing. of κονία, dust. 507 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἵστημι. 508 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἀείρω, in Pass., to lift, heave, raise up. 509 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of ἀλλήλων, of one another, to one another, one another. 510 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of κελεύω. 511 pres. mid./pass. inf. of ἅπτω, to fasten, or to bind fast. 512 pres. act. inf. of ἕλκω, to draw, or to drag. 513 fem. acc. sing. of ἅλς, salt-sea. 514 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of Δῖος. 515 masc. acc. pl. of οὐρός, a trench used for the launching of a ship. 516 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἐκκαθαίρω, cleanse out. 517 fem. nom. sing. of ἀυτή. 518 masc. acc. sing. of οὐρανός, heaven. 519 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἵκω, to come to, or to reach. 520 Adv., to one’s house or home. 521 masc. gen. pl. pres. mid. part. of ἵημι. 522 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of αἱρέω. 523 neut. pl. of ἕρμα, a prop, or a support. 45

And they, with the shout of victory, stampeded to the ships,

Raising the dust from beneath their feet.

And they urged one another to bind fast the ships,

And to drag them to the Divine salt-sea.

And they cleaned out the ships launches,

And their cry went up to heaven,

And they seized the supports from under the ships,

As they sent themselves forth towards home.

46

(155) Ἔνθά524 κεν Ἀργείοισιν525 ὑπέρμορα526 νόστος527 ἐτύχθη528

εἰ μὴ Ἀθηναίην529 Ἥρη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν.530

Ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο531 Διὸς τέκος532 Ἀτρυτώνη,533

οὕτω δὴ οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν

Ἀργεῖοι φεύξονται534 ἐπ᾽ εὐρέα535 νῶτα536 θαλάσσης,

(160) κὰδ δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν537 Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ λίποιεν538

Ἀργείην Ἑλένην,539 ἧς εἵνεκα540 πολλοὶ Ἀχαιῶν

ἐν Τροίῃ ἀπόλοντο541 φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης.542

524 Adv., there. 525 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of Ἀργεῖος, of Argos, Argive. 526 Adv., ὑπὲρ + μόρον = beyond fate or destiny. 527 masc. nom. sing. of νόστος, return home. 528 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of τεύχω. 529 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of Ἀθηναῖος, of Athens, Athenian. 530 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εἶπον. 531 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of αἰγίοχος, Aegis-bearing. 532 neut. sing. poet. for τέκνον. 533 fem. nom. sing. of Ἀτρυτώνη, the Unwearied. 534 3rd pl. fut. mid. ind. of φεύγω. 535 Adj., neut. pl. of εὐρύς, wide, broad; far-reaching, far-spread. 536 neut. pl. of νῶτον, the back, Lat. tergum. 537 fem. acc. sing. of εὐχωλή, a prayer, or a vow. 538 3rd pl. aor. act. opt. of λείπω. 539 fem. acc. sing. of Ἑλένη, Helen. 540 Prep. + gen., on account of, because of, for the sake of. Here ἧς is the object of εἵνεκα, i.e. the prep. follows its object instead of preceding it. 541 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. ἀπόλλυμι, to destroy utterly, kill, slay, and of things, to destroy, demolish, waste. 542 fem. gen. sing. of αἶα, Epic form used for γαῖα. (Liddell and Scott) 47

And the return home was right then and there ready made for the Argives

Beyond the decree of fate, had Hera not told a Myth to an Athenian.

O shame! The Unwearied child of the Aegis-bearing God

In this manner goes home to his dear land of his fathers.

The Argives are to flee on the broad back of the sea,

And accordingly break their vow and leave the Argive Helen to Priam and the Trojans,

On account of whom many Achaeans have been killed

Far from the dear land of their fathers.

48

Ἀλλ᾽ ἴθι543 νῦν κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων,

σοῖς ἀγανοῖς544 ἐπέεσσιν ἐρήτυε545 φῶτα546 ἕκαστον,

(165) μηδὲ ἔα547 νῆας ἅλα δ᾽ ἑλκέμεν548 ἀμφιελίσσας.549

Ὣς ἔφατ᾽,550 οὐδ᾽ ἀπίθησε551 Θεὰ552 γλαυκῶπις553 Ἀθήνη,554

βῆ555 δὲ κατ᾽ Οὐλύμποιο556 καρήνων557 ἀΐξασα,558

καρπαλίμως559 δ᾽ ἵκανε560 θοὰς561 ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.

Εὗρεν562 ἔπειτ᾽563 Ὀδυσῆα564 Διὶ μῆτιν565 ἀτάλαντον566

(170) ἑσταότ᾽,567 οὐδ᾽ ὅ γε νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο568 μελαίνης569

ἅπτετ᾽,570 ἐπεί μιν ἄχος571 κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἵκανεν.572

543 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of εἶμι. 544 Adj., neut. dat. pl. of ἀγανός, mild, or gentle. 545 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἐρητύω. 546 masc. acc. sing. of φώς, a man, as opp. to a woman. (Liddell and Scott) 547 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἐάω. 548 pres. act. inf. of ἕλκω. 549 fem. acc. pl. of ἀμφιέλισσα, of ships, rowed on both sides; or, rather, swaying to and fro, rolling. (Liddell and Scott) 550 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of φημί. 551 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀπιθέω, to disobey. 552 fem. nom. sing. of Θεά, a Goddess. 553 fem. nom. sing. of γλαυκῶπις, with gleaming eyes. 554 fem. nom. sing. of Ἀθήνη, Athena. 555 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω. 556 masc. gen. sing. of Ὄλυμπος. 557 neut. gen. pl. of κάρηνον. 558 fem. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἀίσσω, to move with a quick shooting motion, to shoot, dart, glance. 559 Adv. (καρπάλιμος), swiftly. 560 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἱκάνω. 561 fem. acc. pl. of θοός. 562 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εὑρίσκω, to find. 563 Conj. (ἐπεί), after that, since, when. 564 masc. acc. sing. of Ὀδυσσεύς, Odysseus. 565 fem. acc. sing. of μῆτις, the faculty of advising, wisdom, counsel, cunning, craft. (Liddell and Scott) 566 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀτάλαντος, equal in weight, equivalent, or equal to. 567 masc. acc. sing. perf. act. part. of ἵστημι. 568 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of εὔσελμος, well-benched, with good banks of oars. 569 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of μέλας, black, dark, or murky. 570 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἅπτω, in Mid. to fasten oneself to, cling to, hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, touch. 571 neut. sing. of ἄχος, pain, or distress. 572 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἱκάνω. 49

But now go ye forth to the bronze-clad Achaean men,

Restrain each man with your gentle words,

And do not allow the ships rowed on both sides to be dragged down to the salt-sea.

And so she spoke, and the Goddess with the Gleaming Eyes, Athena,

Did not disobey her, but darting down from the peaks of Olympus she departed,

And swiftly came to the quick Achaean ships.

When she found Odysseus, equal to God in counseling,

He was standing there and was not touching his well-benched black ship,

Because pain came into his heart and soul.

50

Ἀγχοῦ573 δ᾽ ἱσταμένη574 προσέφη575 γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.

Διογενὲς576 Λαερτιάδη577 πολυμήχαν᾽578 Ὀδυσσεῦ,579

οὕτω δὴ οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν

(175) φεύξεσθ᾽580 ἐν νήεσσι581 πολυκλήϊσι πεσόντες,582

κὰδ583 δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ λίποιτε584

Ἀργείην Ἑλένην, ἧς εἵνεκα πολλοὶ Ἀχαιῶν

ἐν Τροίῃ ἀπόλοντο φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης;

573 Adv., near. 574 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἵστημι. 575 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of πρόσφημι. 576 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of διογενής, sprung from God. 577 masc. voc. sing. of Λαερτιάδης, son of Laertes. 578 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of πολυμήχανος, resourceful, or inventive. 579 masc. voc. sing. of Ὀδυσσεύς. 580 2nd sing. fut. mid. ind. of φεύγω. 581 fem. dat. pl. of ναῦς. 582 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of πίπτω, to fall, or to fall down; to fall short, or to fail. 583 Prep. (κατά) + acc., in relation to, concerning. 584 2nd pl. aor. act. opt. of λείπω. 51

And standing nearby, Athena with the Gleaming Eyes addressed him.

Odysseus son of Laertes, the Resourceful, sprung from God,

And so how you fail to flee home to the dear land of you fathers

In you many-benched ships, and with respect to you vow,

Ya’ll might leave the Argive Helen to Priam and the Trojans,

On account of whom many Achaeans have been killed

Far from the dear land of their fathers?

52

Ἀλλ᾽ ἴθι585 νῦν κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, μηδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐρώει,586

(180) σοῖς δ᾽ ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσιν ἐρήτυε φῶτα ἕκαστον,

μηδὲ ἔα587 νῆας ἅλα δ᾽ ἑλκέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.

Ὣς φάθ᾽.588 Ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε589 Θεᾶς590 ὄπα591 φωνησάσης,592

βῆ593 δὲ θέειν,594 ἀπὸ δὲ χλαῖναν βάλε.595 Τὴν δὲ κόμισσε596

κῆρυξ Εὐρυβάτης597 Ἰθακήσιος598 ὅς οἱ ὀπήδει.599

(185) Αὐτὸς δ᾽ Ἀτρεΐδεω600 Ἀγαμέμνονος601 ἀντίος ἐλθὼν602

δέξατό603 οἱ604 σκῆπτρον πατρώϊον ἄφθιτον αἰεί,

σὺν τῷ ἔβη605 κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.

585 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of εἶμι. 586 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἐρωέω, to rush, or to rush forth; drive, or force back. 587 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἐάω. 588 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of φημί. 589 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of συνίημι, metaph. to perceive, or to hear. 590 fem. gen. sing. of Θεά, a Goddess. 591 fem. acc. sing. of ὄψ, a voice. 592 fem. gen. sing. aor. act. part. of φωνέω. 593 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω. 594 pres. act. inf. of θέω, to run. 595 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βάλλω. 596 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κομίζω, to take care of, provide for; to receive hospitably, to entertain; to carry away so as to preserve, carry home, carry safe away; to carry, convey, bear. 597 masc. nom. sing. of Εὐρυβάτης, Eurybates. 598 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of Ἰθακήσιος, of Ithaca, Ithacan. 599 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ὀπηδέω. 600 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀτρείδης. 601 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων. 602 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἔρχομαι. 603 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of δέχομαι, to take, accept, or receive. 604 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἕ. 605 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω. 53

But go now down to the Achaean men, and don’t as yet leave,

But hold back each man with your gentle words,

And do not allow them to drag the ships rowed on both sides to be dragged to the salt-sea.

And so she spoke. And he heard the voice of the Goddess speaking,

And went from walking to running, and threw away his cloak,

And the Ithacan Herald Eurybates, who was accompanying conveyed it home safely.

But he went face-to-face with Agamemnon son of Atreus

Where he himself received the immortal scepter of his fathers,

And with him walked down to the ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans.

54

Ὅν606 τινα607 μὲν βασιλῆα608 καὶ ἔξοχον609 ἄνδρα κιχείη610

τὸν δ᾽ ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσιν ἐρητύσασκε611 παραστάς.612

(190) Δαιμόνι᾽613 οὔ σε ἔοικε614 κακὸν ὣς δειδίσσεσθαι,615

ἀλλ᾽ αὐτός τε κάθησο616 καὶ ἄλλους ἵδρυε617 λαούς:

Οὐ γάρ πω618 σάφα619 οἶσθ᾽620 οἷος621 νόος622 Ἀτρεΐωνος,623

νῦν μὲν πειρᾶται,624 τάχα625 δ᾽ ἴψεται626 υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.

Ἐν βουλῇ627 δ᾽ οὐ πάντες ἀκούσαμεν628 οἷον629 ἔειπε;630

606 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of ὅς. 607 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of τις. 608 masc. acc. sing. of βασιλεύς. 609 masc. acc. sing. of ἔξοχος, outstanding. 610 3rd sing. pres. act. opt. of κιχάνω, to reach, hit, or light upon, meet with, find; to arrive at. 611 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐρητύω. 612 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of παραστάς, anything that stands beside. 613 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of δαιμονιάω, to be possessed of a God, to be heaven sent, to be something mortal caused by something divine. 614 3rd sing. perf. act. ind. of ἔοικα. 615 pres. mid. inf. of δειδίσσομαι, to frighten, or alarm. 616 2nd sing. perf. mid. imper. of κάθημαι, to be seated, sit. 617 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἱδρύω, make to sit down, seat. 618 Partic., up to this time, yet. 619 Adv., clearly, plainly, assuredly. 620 2nd pl. perf. act. ind. of οἶδα. 621 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of οἷος, such as, of what sort; what. 622 masc. nom. sing. of νόος, the mind. 623 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀτρεΐων. 624 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. subj. of πειράω, to make a trial of one + gen. (Liddell and Scott) 625 Adv., quickly. 626 3rd sing. fut. mid./pass. ind. of ἴπτομαι, press hard, oppress. 627 fem. dat. sing. of βουλή. 628 1st pl. aor. act. ind. of ἀκούω. 629 Adj., neut. sing. of οἷος. 630 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εἶπον. 55

Whomsoever he happened upon whether he was a king or some man of note,

But standing beside him held him back with gentle words.

Sir, this is not Heaven-sent, being so alarmed makes you look bad,

So please take a seat and make the other men sit down too.

Not as yet do y’all know what is the mind of the son of Atreus,

He might be making a test of y’all right now, but he will soon press the sons of the Achaeans forward. Did we all not hear what he said in the Boulè?

56

(195) Μή τι χολωσάμενος631 ῥέξῃ632 κακὸν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.

Θυμὸς δὲ μέγας ἐστὶ Διοτρεφέων633 βασιλήων,634

τιμὴ635 δ᾽ ἐκ Διός ἐστι, φιλεῖ636 δέ ἑ μητίετα637 Ζεύς.

Ὃν δ᾽ αὖ δήμου τ᾽ ἄνδρα ἴδοι638 βοόωντά639 τ᾽ ἐφεύροι,640

τὸν σκήπτρῳ ἐλάσασκεν641 ὁμοκλήσασκέ642 τε μύθῳ.

(200) Δαιμόνι᾽643 ἀτρέμας644 ἧσο645 καὶ ἄλλων μῦθον ἄκουε,646

οἳ σέο647 φέρτεροί648 εἰσι,649 σὺ δ᾽ ἀπτόλεμος650 καὶ ἄναλκις651

οὔτέ ποτ᾽652 ἐν πολέμῳ653 ἐναρίθμιος654 οὔτ᾽ ἐνὶ βουλῇ.

631 masc. nom. sing. of χολόω, to anger, or to provoke. 632 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of ῥέζω, to do, to act, to deal, to accomplish, or to make 633 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Διοτρεφής. 634 masc. gen. pl. of βασιλεύς. 635 fem. nom. sing. of τιμή, worship, esteem, honor. 636 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of φιλέω, to love. 637 masc. nom. sing. of μητίετα, a counsellor, as epith. of Ζεύς, all-wise! (Liddell and Scott) 638 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of εἶδον. 639 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of βοάω. 640 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of ἐφευρίσκω, to find. 641 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐλαύνω, drive away, strike with a weapon. 642 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὁμοκλέω, to call out together, to call or shout to, whether to encourage or upbraid, threaten, to command loudly, call on one to do. 643 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. subj. of δαιμονιάω, to be possessed of a God. 644 Adv., without trembling, without motion. 645 2nd sing. perf. mid. imper. of ἧμαι. 646 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἀκούω. 647 Pron., 2nd gen. sing. of σύ. 648 Adj., comp., masc. nom. pl. of φέρτατος, better. 649 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 650 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀπόλεμος, unwarlike. 651 fem. nom. sing. of ἄναλκις, without strength, impotent, feeble, of unwarlike persons. (Liddell and Scott) 652 Partic. (ποτέ), when. 653 masc. dat. sing. of πόλεμος, war. 654 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἐναρίθμιος, in the number, making up the number; counted among; taken into account. 57

Don’t get upset, but he plans to do something bad to the sons of the Achaeans.

But a brave heart is for Kings beloved of God,

And from God is honor bestowed,

And Zeus Wise in Council loves him.

But once again, if he saw a man of the Demes making a ruckus, and could find him,

He would strike him with his scepter and call him side for a word.

Because you are unwarlike and feeble and of no account,

Neither when at war nor at counsel.

58

Οὐ μέν πως πάντες βασιλεύσομεν655 ἐνθάδ᾽ Ἀχαιοί.

Οὐκ ἀγαθὸν πολυκοιρανίη.656 Εἷς κοίρανος657 ἔστω,658

(205) εἷς659 βασιλεύς, ᾧ660 δῶκε661 Κρόνου662 πάϊς663 ἀγκυλομήτεω664

σκῆπτρόν τ᾽ ἠδὲ665 θέμιστας,666 ἵνά667 σφισι668 βουλεύῃσι.669

Ὣς ὅ γε κοιρανέων670 δίεπε671 στρατόν. Οἳ δ᾽ ἀγορὴν δὲ

αὖτις672 ἐπεσσεύοντο673 νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων

ἠχῇ.674 Ὡς ὅτε κῦμα πολυφλοίσβοιο675 θαλάσσης

(210) αἰγιαλῷ676 μεγάλῳ677 βρέμεται,678 σμαραγεῖ679 δέ τε πόντος.

655 1st pl. aor. act. subj. of βασιλεύω, to be king, rule, reign. 656 fem. nom. sing. of πολυκοιρανίη, the rule of the many. 657 masc. nom. sing. of κοίρανος, a ruler, or a commander. 658 3rd sing. pres. act. imper. of εἰμί. 659 Numeral, one. 660 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ὅς. 661 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of δίδωμι. 662 masc. gen. sing. of Κρόνος. 663 masc. nom. sing. of παῖς, a child. 664 masc. gen. sing. of ἀγκυλομήτης, of crooked counsel. 665 Conj., and. 666 fem. acc. pl. of θέμις. 667 Final Conj., that, in order that. 668 Pron., masc. dat. pl. of σφεῖς, they themselves. 669 3rd sing. pres. act. subj. of βουλεύω. 670 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of κοιρανέω, to be lord. 671 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of διέπω, to manage an affair, to order, or to arrange it. 672 Adv., back, back again. 673 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of πεσσεύω. 674 fem. dat. sing. of ἠχή, noise. 675 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of πολύφλοισβος, loud-roaring. 676 masc. dat. sing. of αἰγιαλός, sea-shore. 677 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of μέγας. 678 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of βρέμω, to roar. 679 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of σμαραγέω, to crash, as the thunder of the sea. 59

Not by any means should all the Achaeans be king here.

The rule of the many is not good.

Let there be one commander, one king.

The son of Kronos of Crooked Counsel gave him the scepter

And everything else which is customary, so that he would give you counsel.

Thus, being lord, did he in fact manage the affair in the army.

And they went with him back to the Agora to play draughts,

Away from the noise of the huts and the ships,

As when a wave of the Thalassa roars, and the thunder of Pontus crashes,

Against the great sea-shore.

60

Ἄλλοι μέν ῥ᾽ ἕζοντο,680 ἐρήτυθεν681 δὲ καθ᾽ ἕδρας.682

Θερσίτης683 δ᾽ ἔτι μοῦνος684 ἀμετροεπὴς685 ἐκολῴα,686

ὃς ἔπεα687 φρεσὶν ᾗσιν688 ἄκοσμά689 τε πολλά τε ᾔδη690

μάψ,691 ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, ἐριζέμεναι βασιλεῦσιν,

(215) ἀλλ᾽ ὅ τι οἱ εἴσαιτο692 γελοίϊον693 Ἀργείοισιν694

ἔμμεναι.695 ᾌσχιστος696 δὲ ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε.697

Φολκὸς698 ἔην,699 χωλὸς700 δ᾽ ἕτερον701 πόδα.702

680 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἕζομαι. 681 3rd pl. aor. pass. ind. of ἐρητύω. 682 fem. acc. pl. of ἕδρα. 683 masc. nom. sing. of Θερσίτης, Thersites. 684 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of μόνος, alone, solitary. 685 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀμετροεπής, unmeasured in words, of unbridled tongue. 686 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κολῳάω, to brawl, or to scold. 687 neut. pl. of ἔπος. 688 fem. dat. pl. of ὅς. 689 Adj., neut. pl. of ἄκοσμος, disorderly, or inappropriate. 690 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of οἶδα. 691 Adv., in vain, idly, fruitlessly; foolishly, thoughtlessly. 692 3rd sing. aor. mid. opt. of εἴδομαι, to appear, or to seem to be. 693 Adj., neut. sing. of γέλοιος, mirth-provoking, amusing. 694 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀργεῖος. 695 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί. 696 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of αἰσχρός, causing shame, dishonoring, reproachful; abusive. 697 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἔρχομαι. 698 masc. nom. sing. of φολκός, bandy-legged. 699 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 700 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of αἰσχρός, lame. 701 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἕτερος, one or the other of two. 702 masc. acc. sing. of πούς. 61

And the others seated themselves, and they were checked down in their seats.

Except Thersites alone, he was brawling about with disorderly words in his heart,

And who knew much about nothing, but nevertheless down to Earth,

Quarreling with the kings, he some how appeared to be someone

Who provoked mirth among the Argives,

But also an abusive man who came from Ilion.

He was bandy-legged, and lame in one or the other of his two feet.

62

Τὼ703 δέ οἱ ὤμω704

κυρτὼ705 ἐπὶ στῆθος706 συνοχωκότε.707 Ἀυτὰρ ὕπερθε708

φοξὸς709 ἔην710 κεφαλήν,711 ψεδνὴ712 δ᾽ ἐπενήνοθε713 λάχνη.714

(220) Ἔχθιστος715 δ᾽ Ἀχιλῆϊ716 μάλιστ᾽ ἦν717 ἠδ᾽ Ὀδυσῆϊ,718

τὼ γὰρ νεικείεσκε,719 τότ᾽ αὖτ᾽ Ἀγαμέμνονι δίῳ720

ὀξέα721 κεκλήγων722 λέγ᾽ ὀνείδεα.723 Τῷ724 δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ Ἀχαιοὶ

ἐκπάγλως725 κοτέοντο726 νεμέσσηθέν727 τ᾽ ἐνὶ θυμῷ.

703 Art., masc. acc. dual of ὁ. 704 masc. acc. dual of ὦμος. 705 Adj., masc. acc. dual of κυρτός, arched, or curved; bulging, or swelling. 706 neut. sing. of στῆθος, the breast, Lat. pectus. 707 masc. acc. dual perf. act. part. of συνόχωκα, to be held together; ὤμω ἐπὶ στῆθος συνοχωκότε = shoulders contracted upon the chest. (Liddell and Scott) 708 Prep., above, or from above; on the top of. 709 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of φοξός, pointed. 710 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 711 fem. acc. sing. of κεφαλή. 712 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ψεδνός, thin, sparse, scanty. 713 3rd sing. perf. act. ind. of ἐνήνοθε, grew thereon. 714 fem. nom. sing. of λάχνη, soft wooly hair, down. 715 Adj., superl., masc. nom. sing. of ἔχθιστος, most hated. 716 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of Ἀχιλλεύς. 717 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 718 masc. dat. sing. of Ὀδυσσεύς. 719 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of νεικέω, to quarrel or wrangle with one. 720 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of Δῖος. 721 Adj., neut. pl. of ὀξύς, sharp, or keen; of sound, sharp, shrill, piercing; metaph. of mind, sharp, keen: quick to anger, hasty, passionate. (Liddell and Scott) 722 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. ind. of κλάζω, to make a sharp piercing sound, of birds, to scream, screech; of dogs, to bark, bay; of things, as of arrows in the quiver, to clash, rattle; of the wind, to whistle; of wheels, to creak. (Liddell and Scott) 723 neut. pl. of ὄνειδος, reproach, rebuke, censure, blame. 724 Art., masc. dat. sing. of ὁ. 725 Adv. (ἔκπαγλος), terribly, violently. 726 3rd pl. imperf. mid. ind. of κοτέω, bear a grudge against. 727 3rd pl. aor. pass. ind. of νεμεσάω, to feel just resentment. 63

And both his shoulders were curved in upon his breast.

And on top of his pointed head grew scant thin soft hair.

And he was above all hated by Achilles and Odysseus,

For he fought with them both. This time he was screeching harsh abuse

At the God-like Agamemnon. and feeling a just resentment in their hearts,

The Achaeans were terribly angry with him.

64

Ἀυτὰρ ὃ μακρὰ βοῶν728 Ἀγαμέμνονα νείκεε729 μύθῳ.730

(225) Ἀτρεΐδη731 τέο732 δ᾽ αὖτ᾽ ἐπιμέμφεαι733 ἠδὲ χατίζεις;734

Πλεῖαί735 τοι736 χαλκοῦ737 κλισίαι, πολλαὶ δὲ γυναῖκες738

εἰσὶν739 ἐνὶ κλισίῃς ἐξαίρετοι, ἅς740 τοι Ἀχαιοὶ

πρωτίστῳ741 δίδομεν742 εὖτ᾽743 ἂν πτολίεθρον744 ἕλωμεν.745

728 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of βοάω. 729 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of νεικέω. 730 masc. dat. sing. of μῦθος. 731 masc. voc. sing. of Ἀτρείδης. 732 Pron., masc. gen. sing. of τις. 733 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἐπιμέμφομαι, cast blame upon. 734 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. of χατίζω, have need of, crave; a needy, poor person; to lack, or to be without. 735 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of πλέως, full, or filled. 736 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 737 masc. gen. sing. of χαλκός, copper; copper was the first metal wrought for use. (Liddell and Scott) 738 fem. nom. pl. of γυνή, a woman. 739 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 740 Pron., fem. acc. pl. of ὅς. 741 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of πρώτιστος, the very first, the first of the first. 742 1st pl. imperf. act. ind of δίδωμι. 743 Conj. (εὖτε), when, whenever. 744 masc. acc. sing. of πτολίεθρον, a citadel. 745 1st pl. aor. act. subj. of αἱρέω. 65

But nevertheless, he was making a long speech shouting at Agamemnon.

O son of Atreus, and who is it that you are casting blame upon now,

And what is it that you crave? Your huts are filled with copper,

And there are many hand-picked women in your huts too,

From whom we Achaeans give you the very first pick,

Whenever we should seize a citadel.

66

Ἦ746 ἔτι καὶ χρυσοῦ747 ἐπιδεύεαι,748 ὅν749 κέ τις750 οἴσει751

(230) Τρώων ἱπποδάμων ἐξ Ἰλίου υἷος ἄποινα,

ὅν κεν ἐγὼ δήσας752 ἀγάγω753 ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν,

ἠὲ754 γυναῖκα755 νέην,756 ἵνα μίσγεαι757 ἐν φιλότητι,758

ἥν759 τ᾽ αὐτὸς ἀπονόσφι760 κατίσχεαι;761 Οὐ μὲν ἔοικεν762

ἀρχὸν763 ἐόντα764 κακῶν765 ἐπιβασκέμεν766 υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.

746 Adv., indeed, surely, doubtlessly. 747 masc. gen. sing. of χρυσός, gold. 748 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἐπιδεύομαι, to be in want of + gen. (Liddell and Scott) 749 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of ὅς. 750 Pron., masc. nom. sing. of τις. 751 3rd sing. fut. act. ind. of φέρω, to bear, to carry, or to bring; to suffer, or to endure. 752 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of δέω, to bind, to tie, or to fetter. 753 1st sing. aor. act. subj. of ἄγω. 754 Conj. (ἤ), or. 755 fem. acc. sing. of γυνή. 756 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of νέος, young, youthful. 757 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of μίγνυμι, properly of liquids, to mix, to mix up, to mingle; to have intercourse with, to be united to. (Liddell and Scott) 758 fem. dat. sing. of φιλότης, friendship, love, or affection. 759 Pron., fem. acc. sing. of ὅς. 760 Adv., far apart, aloof. 761 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of κατίσχω, to hold back, to occupy; in Mid., to keep by one; in Pass. to be occupied. 762 3rd sing. perf. act. ind. of ἔοικα. 763 masc. acc. sing. of ἀρχός, ruler, commander; Archon. 764 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of εἰμί. 765 Adj., neut. pl. of κακός, bad, evil, or ill; mean, ugly; craven, cowardly, base; worthless, sorry, poor; in moral sense, bad, evil, wicked. (Liddell and Scott) 766 pres. act. inf. of ἐπιβάσκω, to lead. 67

And indeed you still want more gold, shall one of the Trojan tamers-of-horses

Carry out of Ilion a ransom for his son? Who either I or one of the other Achaeans

Tied-up and led away, or maybe a young woman,

So that you can mingle together in love, far apart, occupying yourself with her?

It doesn’t look like he being Archon is leading the sons of the Achaeans

Into a wicked state of affairs.

68

(235) Ὦ πέπονες767 κάκ᾽768 ἐλέγχε᾽769 Ἀχαιΐδες770 οὐκέτ᾽771 Ἀχαιοὶ

οἴκαδέ772 περ σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα,773 τόνδε774 δ᾽ ἐῶμεν775

αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ γέρα776 πεσσέμεν,777 ὄφρα778 ἴδηται779

ἤ ῥά τί οἱ χἠμεῖς780 προσαμύνομεν781 ἦε782 καὶ οὐκί.783

Ὃς καὶ νῦν Ἀχιλῆα784 ἕο785 μέγ᾽ ἀμείνονα786 φῶτα787

(240) ἠτίμησεν,788 ἑλὼν789 γὰρ ἔχει790 γέρας791 αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.792

767 Adj., masc. voc. pl. of πέπων, cooked by the sun, ripe. 768 Adj., neut. pl. of κακός. 769 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐλέγχω, to disgrace, or to put to shame. 770 fem. nom. pl. of Ἀχαιίς, an Achaean woman. 771 Adv. (οὐκέτι), no more, no longer, no further. 772 Adv., to one’s house or home. 773 1st pl. pres. mid./pass. subj. of νέομαι. 774 Pron. masc. acc. sing. of ὅδε. 775 1st pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἐάω, to let, to suffer, to allow, or to permit. 776 neut. pl. of γέρας, a prize. 777 pres. act. inf. of πέσσω, to ripen, to cook, to bake, or to digest. 778 Conj., that, in order that. 779 3rd sing. aor. mid./pass. subj. of εἶδον. 780 Pron., 1st masc. nom. pl. of ἐγώ. 781 1st pl. pres. act. ind. of προσαμύνω, to come to aid. 782 Conj., or. 783 Adv., not. 784 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀχιλλεύς. 785 Pron., masc. gen. sing. of ἕ. 786 Adj., comp., masc. acc. sing. of ἀμείνων, better. 787 masc. acc. sing. of φώς. 788 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀτιμάω, to dishonor, to disrespect, to distain. 789 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of αἱρέω. 790 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἔχω. 791 neut. sing. of γέρας. 792 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἀπαυράω, to take away or wrest from, rob of. 69

O ye sun-ripened cowards, O what a disgraceful affair,

Y’all are no longer men, but women, come on let’s all go home with our ships,

And let this man digest his prizes here in Troy, so that he may come to know

Whether or not we will come to help him.

He who shows disrespect to Achilles, a much better man than him,

For by force he has taken away his prize from him.

70

Ἀλλὰ μάλ᾽ οὐκ Ἀχιλῆϊ793 χόλος794 φρεσίν,795 ἀλλὰ μεθήμων,796

ἦ γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεΐδη797 νῦν ὕστατα798 λωβήσαιο.799

Ὣς φάτο800 νεικείων801 Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα802 λαῶν,

Θερσίτης. Τῷ δ᾽ ὦκα παρίστατο803 Δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,

(245) καί μιν ὑπόδρα804 ἰδὼν805 χαλεπῷ806 ἠνίπαπε807 μύθῳ.808

Θερσῖτ᾽809 ἀκριτόμυθε,810 λιγύς811 περ ἐὼν812 ἀγορητής,813

ἴσχεο,814 μηδ᾽ ἔθελ᾽815 οἶος816 ἐριζέμεναι817 βασιλεῦσιν.

793 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀχιλλεύς. 794 masc. nom. sing. of χόλος, gall, bile, bitter anger, wrath. 795 fem. dat. pl. of φρήν. 796 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of μεθήμων, careless remiss. 797 masc. voc. sing. of Ἀτρείδης. 798 Adj., superl., neut. pl. of ὕστερος, last, hindmost. 799 2nd sing. aor. mid./pass. opt. of λωβάομαι, to treat despitefully, to outrage, maltreat. 800 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of φημί. 801 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of νεικέω. 802 masc. acc. sing. of ποιμήν. 803 3rd sing. imper. mid./pass. ind. of παρίστημι, to cause to stand. 804 Adv., only in phrase ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking from under the brows. (Liddell and Scott) 805 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶδον. 806 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of χαλεπός, hard to bear, painful, sore, grievous, harsh; Lat., difficilis. 807 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐνίπτω, to reprove, or to upbraid. 808 masc. dat. sing. of μῦθος. 809 masc. voc. sing. of Θερσίτης. 810 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of ἀκριτόμυθος, confusedly babbling. 811 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of λιγύς, clear, shrill. 812 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of εἰμί. 813 masc. nom. sing. of ἀγορητής, speaker, orator. 814 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. imper. of ἴσχω, to hold, check, curb, keep back, restrain. 815 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἐθέλω. 816 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of οἶος, alone, lonely, only. 817 pres. act. inf. of ἐρίζω. 71

But there is no bile in the heart of Achilles, nothing but careless remiss,

But you, O son of Atreus, might have outraged him for the last time.

And so Thersites said quarreling with Agamemnon, Shepherd of Men.

But the Divine Odysseus immediately stood up to him,

And looking down on him, reproved him with harsh words.

O the Confusedly Babbling Thersites, the altogether shrill annoying speaker,

Restrain thyself, and don’t seek to wrangle like this with kings alone.

72

Οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ σέο818 φημὶ819 χερειότερον820 βροτὸν821 ἄλλον

ἔμμεναι,822 ὅσσοι823 ἅμ᾽824 Ἀτρεΐδῃς ὑπὸ825 Ἴλιον ἦλθον.826

(250) Τὼ827 οὐκ ἂν βασιλῆας ἀνὰ στόμ᾽828 ἔχων829 ἀγορεύοις,830

καί σφιν831 ὀνείδεά832 τε προφέροις,833 νόστόν834 τε φυλάσσοις,835 oὐδέ τί836 πω837 σάφα838 ἴδμεν839 ὅπως840 ἔσται841 τάδε842 ἔργα,843

ἢ εὖ844 ἦε κακῶς νοστήσομεν845 υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.

818 Pron., 2nd gen. sing. of σύ 819 1st sing. pres. act. ind. of φημί. 820 Adj., comp., masc. acc. sing. of χερείων, meaner, inferior, in rank, worth or wealth. (Liddell and Scott) 821 masc. acc. sing. of βροτός, a mortal man. 822 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί. 823 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ὅσος. 824 Adv., at the same time. 825 Prep. + acc., of Place, towards and under; of Time, about the time that. 826 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἔρχομαι. 827 Adv. (τῷ), therefore, in this wise, then. 828 neut. sing. of στόμα, the mouth, the mouth as the organ of speech; the mouth of a river; any outlet or entrance; the foremost part, face, front; of weapons, the point; of a sword, the edge. 829 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἔχω, to hold in, stay, keep back; to hold in guard, keep safe, protect. 830 2nd sing. pres. act. opt. of ἀγορεύω. 831 Pron., masc. dat. pl. of σφεῖς. 832 neut. pl. of ὄνειδος, reproach, rebuke, censure, blame. 833 2nd sing. pres. act. opt. of προφέρω, to bring before one, bring to, present, offer; bring forth words of reproach. 834 masc. acc. sing. of νόστος, return home. 835 2nd sing. pres. act. opt. of φυλάσσω, to keep watch and ward, to keep guard, to defend; metaph. to keep, maintain, cherish; to bear or keep in mind. 836 neut. sing. of τίς, what? 837 Partic., up to this time, yet. 838 Adv., clearly, plainly, assuedly. 839 1st pl. perf. act. ind. of οἶδα. 840 Conj., as, in such a manner as; how. 841 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of εἰμί. 842 Pron., neut. pl. of ὅδε. 843 neut. pl. of ἔργον. 844 Adv., well. 845 1st pl. fut. act. ind. of νοστέω, to come or to go back, to come back, or to return. 73

Because what I say about is that there has not been any other mortal man

More inferior, since the sons of Atreus came beneath Ilion.

Therefore, if restrain your mouth you would not be haranguing the kings,

Because if you bring forth words of reproach on them,

Then watch out for the voyage home.

Besides that we don’t as yet clearly see how these things will turn out,

Whether good or bad, shall we the sons of the Achaeans return?

74

Τὼ846 νῦν Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι847 λαῶν

(255) ἧσαι848 ὀνειδίζων,849 ὅτι850 οἱ μάλα πολλὰ διδοῦσιν851

ἥρωες852 Δαναοί, σὺ δὲ κερτομέων853 ἀγορεύεις,854

ἀλλ᾽ ἔκ855 τοι856 ἐρέω,857 τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον858 ἔσται.859

Ἔι κ᾽ ἔτι σ᾽ ἀφραίνοντα860 κιχήσομαι,861 ὥς νύ περ ὧδε,

μηκέτ᾽862 ἔπειτ᾽863 Ὀδυσῆϊ κάρη ὤμοισιν864 ἐπείη,865

(260) μηδ᾽ ἔτι Τηλεμάχοιο866 πατὴρ κεκλημένος867 εἴην,868

846 Adv. (τῷ), therefore, in this wise, then. 847 masc. dat. sing. of ποιμήν. 848 2nd sing. aor. mid. imper. of ἥδομαι, to enjoy oneself, take delight, take one's pleasure. 849 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ὀνειδίζω. 850 Conj., that, for that, because, seeing that. 851 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of δίδωμι. 852 masc. nom. sing. of ἥρως, a hero. 853 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of κερτομέω, to taunt or sneer at. 854 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἀγορεύω. 855 Prep. + dat., from, out of. 856 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ 857 1st sing. pres. act. subj. of ἐρέω. 858 neut. sing. perf. mid./pass. part. of τελέω. 859 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of εἰμί. 860 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of ἀφραίνω, to be foolish. 861 1st sing. aor. mid. subj. of κιχάνω, to reach, to hit, to light upon, to meet with, to find. (Cf., Benner, n. 2,258) 862 Adv., no long, no further, no more. 863 Conj., after that, since, when. 864 masc. dat. pl. of 865 3rd sing. pres. act. opt. of ἔπειμι, to come upon, to come near, or to approach; to come or go against, attack, assault; of Time, to come on or after. (Liddell and Scott) 866 masc. gen. sing. of Τηλέμαχος, Telemachus. 867 masc. nom. sing. perf. mid./pass. part. of καλέω, to call, or to summon; to invite; to call upon, or to invoke; to name, or to call by name. 868 1st sing. pres. act. opt. of εἰμί. 75

And so go on heaping reproach on the son of Atreus, Agamemnon, shepherd of men,

Because the Danaän heroes are giving him very many things,

But if I, on the other hand, speak out against you, I say it:

And it shall be fulfilled.

After that, let there no longer be a head on the shoulders of Odysseus,

And here after let me not be called the father of Telemachus,

76

εἰ μὴ ἐγώ σε869 λαβὼν870 ἀπὸ μὲν φίλα871 εἵματα872 δύσω,873

χλαῖνάν874 τ᾽ ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,875 τά τ᾽ αἰδῶ876 ἀμφικαλύπτει,877

αὐτὸν δὲ κλαίοντα878 θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἀφήσω879

πεπλήγων880 ἀγορῆθεν881 ἀεικέσσι882 πληγῇσιν.883

(265) Ὣς ἄρ᾽ ἔφη,884 σκήπτρῳ δὲ μετάφρενον885 ἠδὲ καὶ ὤμω886

πλῆξεν.887 Ὃ δ᾽ ἰδνώθη,888 θαλερὸν889 δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε890 δάκρυ.891

869 Pron., 2nd acc. sing. of σύ. 870 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of λαμβάνω, to take hold of, grasp, seize. 871 Adj., neut. pl. of φίλος. 872 neut. pl. of εἷμα, a garment, in pl. clothes, clothing. 873 2nd sing. aor. mid. ind. of δύω, to strip off clothes. 874 fem. acc. sing. of χλαῖνα, a cloak. 875 masc. acc. sing. of χιτών. 876 fem. acc. sing. of αἰδώς, a sense of shame, shame, modesty, self-respect. 877 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἀμφικαλύπτω, to enwrap, or enfold. 878 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of to send away, let go, loose, set free, cry, wail, lament. 879 1st sing. fut. act. ind. of ἀφίημι, to send forth, to discharge. 880 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of πλήσσω, struck with terror. 881 Adv., from the assembly, from the market place; from the Agora. 882 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of ἀεικής, unseemly, shameful. 883 fem. dat. pl. of πληγή, a blow, or a stroke. 884 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of φημί. 885 neut. sing. of μετάφρενον, the back. 886 masc. acc. dual of ὦμος. 887 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of πλήσσω. 888 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of ἰδνόομαι, bend oneself, double oneself up, to double over. 889 Adj., neut. sing. of θαλερός, fresh. 890 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐκπίτνω, to fall out of. 891 neut. sing. of δάκρυον, a tear. 77

If I don’t seize you and strip you of your favorite garments,

Your cloak and your tunic, and everything that covers your shame,

And send you forth from the Agora to the swift ships

Under shameful blows, wailing, struck with terror.

And as he was speaking, he beat him on the back and shoulders with the scepter.

And he doubled over, and a fresh tear fell.

78

Σμῶδιξ892 δ᾽ αἱματόεσσα μεταφρένου ἐξυπανέστη893

σκήπτρου ὕπο χρυσέου, ὃ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἕζετο894 τάρβησέν895 τε,

ἀλγήσας δ᾽ ἀχρεῖον896 ἰδὼν897 ἀπομόρξατο898 δάκρυ.

(270) Οἳ δὲ καὶ ἀχνύμενοί899 περ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ἡδὺ900 γέλασσαν.901

Ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν902 ἰδὼν903 ἐς πλησίον904 ἄλλον.

Ὢ πόποι905 ἦ δὴ μυρί᾽906 Ὀδυσσεὺς ἐσθλὰ907 ἔοργε908

βουλάς909 τ᾽ ἐξάρχων910 ἀγαθὰς911 πόλεμόν τε κορύσσων.912

892 fem. nom. sing. of σμῶδιξ, a weal, or a welt. 893 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐξυπανίστημι, started up from under. σμῶδιξ μεταφρένου ἐξυπανέστη = a weal started up from under the skin of the back. (Liddell and Scott) 894 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἕζομαι. 895 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ταρβέω, to be frightened, or alarmed. 896 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀχρεῖος, useless, unprofitable, good for nothing; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών = giving a helpless look, looking foolish. (Liddell and Scott) 897 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶδον. 898 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀπομόργνυμι, to wipe off, or to wipe away. 899 masc. nom. pl. pres. pass. part. ἀχεύω, grieving, sorrowing, or mourning. 900 Adv. (ἡδέως), sweetly, pleasantly, with pleasure. 901 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of γελάω, to laugh. 902 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εἶπον. 903 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶδον. 904 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of πλήσιος, near, close to. 905 Exclam., of surprise, anger or pain, ὦ πόποι oh strange! oh shame! (Liddell and Scott) 906 Adj., neut. pl. of μυρίος, infinite, countless, numberless. 907 Adj., neut. pl. of ἐσθλός, good, brave. 908 3rd sing. perf. act. ind. of ἔρδω, to do. 909 fem. gen. sing. of βουλή. 910 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐξάρχω, to begin, to take the lead in, to initiate. 911 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of ἀγαθός, good. 912 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of κορύσσω, to arm. 79

And under the blows of the golden scepter a blood-red welt began to rise on his back,

And he was terrified, and he sat himself down, and looking useless,

Wiped away a tear. And they all being distressed happily laughed at him.

And so, someone who saw this said to another man near him.

Oh for shame indeed! Odysseus has done countless brave deeds,

Takes the lead in counsel and prepares for war.

80

Νῦν δὲ τόδε913 μέγ᾽914 ἄριστον915 ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔρεξεν,916

(275) ὃς τὸν λωβητῆρα917 ἐπεσβόλον918 ἔσχ᾽919 ἀγοράων.

Οὔ θήν920 μιν πάλιν921 αὖτις922 ἀνήσει923 θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ924

νεικείειν925 βασιλῆας ὀνειδείοις926 ἐπέεσσιν.927

Ὣς φάσαν928 ἣ πληθύς,929 ἀνὰ δ᾽ ὃ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς

ἔστη930 σκῆπτρον ἔχων,931 παρὰ932 δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη

(280) εἰδομένη933 κήρυκι934 σιωπᾶν935 λαὸν ἀνώγει,936

913 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅδε. 914 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας. 915 Adj., neut. sing. of ἄριστος. 916 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ῥέζω. 917 masc. acc. sing. of λωβητήρ, one who treats despitefully, a foul slanderer. 918 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἐπεσβόλος, throwing words about, rash-talking, abusive, scurrilous. 919 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἔχω. 920 Partic. (δή), expressing strong conviction, surely now. (Liddell and Scott) 921 Adv., back, backwards; of Time, again, once more, anew. 922 Adv., again. 923 3rd sing. fut. act. ind. of ἀνίημι. 924 masc. nom. sing. of ἀγήνωρ, manly, courageous, heroic. 925 pres. act. inf. of νεικέω. 926 Adj., neut. dat. pl. of ὀνείδειος, reproachful, dishonorable. 927 neut. dat. pl. of ἔπος. 928 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of φημί. 929 fem. nom. sing. of πληθύς, a throng, or a crowd. 930 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι. 931 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἔχω. 932 Adv., beside. 933 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid. part. of εἴδομαι, to be visible, to appear or to seem to be. (Liddell and Scott) 934 masc. dat. sing. of κῆρυξ. 935 pres. act. inf. of σιωπάω, to keep silent. 936 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἄνωγα, to command, to order. 81

But this is the biggest best thing he has done for the Achaeans,

For he keeps that back-biting slanderer out of the Agora.

Now indeed he has sent that man forth in a way that he will not

Come back again to fight kings with dishonorable words.

And so the crowd was murmuring, and Odysseus—Sacker of Cities—

Stood up holding the scepter, and the Gleaming-Eyed Athena

Appeared to a herald beside him, and he ordered the men to keep silent.

82

ὡς ἅμα θ᾽ οἳ πρῶτοί937 τε καὶ ὕστατοι938 υἷες Ἀχαιῶν

μῦθον ἀκούσειαν939 καὶ ἐπιφρασσαίατο940 βουλήν.

Ὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων941 ἀγορήσατο942 καὶ μετέειπεν.943

Ἀτρεΐδη944 νῦν δή σε945 ἄναξ946 ἐθέλουσιν947 Ἀχαιοὶ

(285) πᾶσιν948 ἐλέγχιστον949 θέμεναι950 μερόπεσσι951 βροτοῖσιν,952

οὐδέ τοι953 ἐκτελέουσιν954 ὑπόσχεσιν955 ἥν956 περ ὑπέσταν957

ἐνθάδ᾽ ἔτι στείχοντες958 ἀπ᾽ Ἄργεος959 ἱπποβότοιο960

Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντ᾽961 εὐτείχεον962 ἀπονέεσθαι.963

937 Adj., superl., masc. nom. pl. of πρότερος, before, in front; of Time, before, former, sooner; of Rank, Worth, and generally of Precedence, before, above, superior. (Liddell and Scott) 938 Adj., superl., masc. nom. pl. of ὕστερος, behind, latter, last; coming after, following; too late. 939 3rd pl. aor. act. opt. of ἀκούω. 940 3rd pl. aor. mid. opt. of ἐπιφράζω, say besides; to think of doing, take into one's head to do; to think on, devise, contrive. 941 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of φρονέω, to be minded, to think, to have understanding; to be a sage, to be wise, to have foresight, or to be prudent. 942 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀγοράομαι, to meet in the assembly, to sit in debate; to speak in the assembly. 943 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of μετεῖπον. 944 masc. voc. sing. of Ἀτρείδης. 945 Pron., 2nd acc. sing. of σύ. 946 masc. voc. sing. of ἄναξ. 947 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ἐθέλω. 948 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of πᾶς. 949 Adj., superl., masc. acc. sing. of ἐλεγχής, worthy of reproof; of men, cowardly. 950 aor. act. inf. of τίθημι, to put in a certain state, to make so and so. (Liddell and Scott) 951 masc. dat. pl. of μέροψ, dividing the voice; only in pl. as epithet of men, dividing the voice, i. e. articulate-speaking, endowed, with speech. (Liddell and Scott) 952 masc. dat. pl. of βροτός. 953 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 954 3rd pl. fut. act. ind. of ἐκτελέω, to bring to an end, accomplish, achieve, fulfill. 955 fem. acc. sing. of ὑπόσχεσις, undertaking, engagement, promise. 956 Pron., fem. acc. sing. of ὅς. 957 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ὑφίστημι, to place oneself under an engagement, engage or promise to do. 958 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of στείχω, to walk, march, to come or to go. 959 neut. gen. sing. of Ἄργος. 960 Adj., neut. gen. sing. of ἱππόβοτος, grazed by horses. 961 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἐκπέρθω. 962 Adj., neut. sing. of εὐτείχεος. 963 pres. mid./pass. inf. of ἀπονέομαι, to go away, to depart. 83

So that the sons of the Achaeans both in front and in back

Would be able to hear a speech and give counsel.

He having foresight met in the Agora and addressed them well.

Right now indeed, O son of Atreus, Lord and Master, the Achaeans want you

To be made the most cowardly of all men endowed with speech.

And they will not fulfill their promise to you, there they promised

To come hither from Argos Grazed by Horses and not to depart

Until they had utterly destroyed Well-Walled Ilion.

84

Ὥς τε γὰρ ἢ παῖδες964 νεαροὶ965 χῆραί966 τε γυναῖκες

(290) ἀλλήλοισιν967 ὀδύρονται968 οἶκον969 δὲ νέεσθαι.970

Ἦ μὴν καὶ πόνος971 ἐστὶν ἀνιηθέντα972 νέεσθαι.

Καὶ γάρ973 τίς974 θ᾽975 ἕνα976 μῆνα977 μένων978 ἀπὸ ἧς979 ἀλόχοιο980

ἀσχαλάᾳ981 σὺν νηῒ πολυζύγῳ, ὅν περ ἄελλαι982

χειμέριαι983 εἰλέωσιν984 ὀρινομένη985 τε θάλασσα.

964 masc. nom. pl. of παῖς. 965 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of νεαρός, young, youthful; new, fresh. 966 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of χήρα, widowed. 967 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of ἀλλήλων, of one another, to one another, one another. 968 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ὀδύρομαι, lament, bewail.s 969 masc. acc. sing. of οἶκος, a house. 970 pres. mid./pass. inf. of νέομαι. 971 masc. nom. sing. of πόνος, work, esp. hard work, toil. 972 masc. acc. sing. aor. pass. part. of ἀνιάω, to grieve, or to distress. 973 καὶ γάρ = for even. Selections from Homer's Iliad, with an introduction, notes, a short Homeric grammar, and a vocabulary, Allen Rogers Benner, New York. Irvington Publishers, Inc. 1903. 974 Pron., masc. nom. sing. of τις, someone, anyone. 975 Partic., τε, and. 976 Numeral, masc. acc. sing. of εἷς, one. 977 masc. acc. sing. of μείς, a month. 978 masc. nom. sing. pers. act. part. of μένω, stay, wait. 979 fem. gen. sing. of ὅς. 980 fem. gen. sing. of ἄλοχος, a wife. 981 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἀσχαλάω, to be distressed, grieved, vexed. 982 fem. nom. pl. of ἄελλα, stormy wind, whirlwind. 983 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of χειμέριος, wintry, stormy. 984 3rd pl. pres. act. subj. of εἴλω, shut in, to roll up, pack close, Lat. conglobare; in Pass., to be cooped or huddled up. (Liddell and Scott) 985 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ὀρίνω, to stir, to raise, or to agitate. 85

And so indeed do they bawl like new born children and widowed women

To one another about going home.

And indeed the toil has been grievous enough to be going.

And anyone being away from his wife in a many-benched ship for even a month,

And anyone who is rolled up by winter storms raised by the sea is distressed.

86

(295) Ἡμῖν986 δ᾽ εἴνατός987 ἐστι περιτροπέων988 ἐνιαυτὸς989

ἐνθάδε μιμνόντεσσι.990 Τὼ991 οὐ νεμεσίζομ᾽992 Ἀχαιοὺς

ἀσχαλάαν993 παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν.994 Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης995

αἰσχρόν996 τοι997 δηρόν998 τε μένειν999 κενεόν1000 τε νέεσθαι.

Τλῆτε1001 φίλοι,1002 καὶ μείνατ᾽1003 ἐπὶ χρόνον1004 ὄφρα1005 δαῶμεν1006

(300) ἢ ἐτεὸν1007 Κάλχας1008 μαντεύεται1009 ἦε1010 καὶ οὐκί.1011

986 Pron., 1st masc. dat. pl. of ἐγώ. 987 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἐγώ, ninth. 988 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of περιτροπέω, revolving. 989 masc. nom. sing. of ἐνιαυτός, anniversary. 990 masc. dat. pl. pres. act. part. of μίμνω, stay, stand fast. 991 Artic., neut. gen. sing. of ὁ. 992 1st sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of νεμεσίζομαι, feel righteous indignation. 993 pres. act. inf. of ἀσχαλάω, to be distressed, to be grieved. 994 fem. dat. pl. of κορωνίς, crook-beaked, curved, of ships, from the outline of the prow and stern. (Liddell and Scott) 995 Adv., all alike. 996 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of αἰσχρός, something causing shame. 997 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 998 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of δηρός, long, too long. 999 pres. act. inf. of μένω. 1000 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of κενός, empty. 1001 2nd pl. pres. act. imper. of τλάω, suffer, undergo. 1002 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of φίλος. 1003 2nd pl. aor. act. imper. of μένω. 1004 masc. acc. sing. of χρόνος, time. 1005 Conj., that, in order that. 1006 1st pl. aor. act. subj. of δάω, to learn; Lat., disco. 1007 Adv. (ἐτεός), truly. 1008 masc. nom. sing. of Κάλχας. 1009 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of μαντεύομαι, divine, prophecy. 1010 Conj. (ἤ), or. 1011 Adv. (οὐ), not however. 87

But this is the ninth anniversary for us going around in circles staying here.

Being distressed, what Achaean beside our curved ships does not feel

Righteous indignation about this affair.

But it is just as shameful for you to have stayed here so long

Just to return empty. Endure it my friends and stay for a time,

So that we may learn if indeed Calchas prophesizes truly, or not.

88

Εὖ γὰρ δὴ τόδε1012 ἴδμεν1013 ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἐστὲ1014 δὲ πάντες

μάρτυροι,1015 οὓς1016 μὴ1017 Κῆρες1018 ἔβαν1019 θανάτοιο1020 φέρουσαι.1021

Χθιζά1022 τε καὶ πρωΐζ᾽1023 ὅτ᾽ ἐς Αὐλίδα1024 νῆες1025 Ἀχαιῶν

ἠγερέθοντο1026 κακὰ Πριάμῳ1027 καὶ Τρωσὶ1028 φέρουσαι.1029

(305) Ἡμεῖς1030 δ᾽ ἀμφὶ1031 περὶ κρήνην1032 ἱεροὺς1033 κατὰ βωμοὺς1034

ἕρδομεν1035 ἀθανάτοισι1036 τεληέσσας1037 ἑκατόμβας1038

καλῇ ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ1039 ὅθεν1040 ῥέεν1041 ἀγλαὸν1042 ὕδωρ.

1012 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅδε. 1013 pres. act. inf. of οἶδα. 1014 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 1015 masc. nom. pl. of μάρτυρος, a witness, a martyr. 1016 Pron., masc. acc. pl. of ὅς. 1017 Conj., not. 1018 fem. nom. pl. of Κήρ, a Goddess of Death. 1019 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω. 1020 masc. gen. sing. of θάνατος. 1021 fem. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of φέρω, to bear or carry a load. 1022 Adj., neut. pl. of χθιζός, of yesterday. 1023 Adj., neut. pl. of πρωιζός, the day before. 1024 fem. acc. sing. of Αὐλίς, Aulis, a town in Boeotia, on the Euripus, the rendezvous of the Greeks before sailing for Troy. (Autenrieth) 1025 fem. nom sing. of ναῦς. 1026 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἠγερέθομαι, to gather together, or to assemble. 1027 masc. dat. sing. of Πρίαμος. 1028 masc. dat. pl. of Τρώς. 1029 fem. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of φέρω. 1030 Pron., 1st masc. nom. pl. of ἐγώ. 1031 Prep., around, about, near, on both sides of; for the sake of. 1032 fem. acc. sing. of κρήνη, a well, spring, fountain, Lat. fons. 1033 Adj., masc acc. pl. of ἱερός, filled with. 1034 masc. acc. pl. of βωμός, a raised platform. 1035 1st pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔρδω, to offer a sacrifice. 1036 Adj., masc./fem./neut. dat. pl. of ἀθάνατος. 1037 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of τελήεις, perfect, complete. 1038 fem. acc. pl. of ἑκατόμβη. 1039 fem. dat. sing. of πλατάνιστος, Platanus orientalis, Oriental Plane-tree. 1040 Adv., whence. 1041 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ῥέω, flow, run, stream, gush. 1042 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀγλαός, splendid, bright, shining, beautiful; famous. 89

But we know this in our hearts well, and you are all witnesses to it,

Those men whom the Goddesses of Death has not taken away to death.

And the days before the days of yesterday, when the Achaean ships

Assembled at Aulis bearing for Priam and the Trojans.

And we sacrificed to the Deathless Ones, on raised platforms,

Filled with perfect hecatombs, near a spring, under a beautiful plane-tree,

Whence sparkling water flowed.

90

Ἔνθ᾽ ἐφάνη1043 μέγα σῆμα.1044 Δράκων1045 ἐπὶ νῶτα1046 δαφοινὸς1047

σμερδαλέος,1048 τόν ῥ᾽ αὐτὸς Ὀλύμπιος ἧκε1049 φόως1050 δέ,

(310) βωμοῦ1051 ὑπαΐξας1052 πρός ῥα πλατάνιστον ὄρουσεν.1053

Ἔνθα δ᾽ ἔσαν1054 στρουθοῖο1055 νεοσσοί,1056 νήπια1057 τέκνα,

ὄζῳ1058 ἐπ᾽ ἀκροτάτῳ1059 πετάλοις1060 ὑποπεπτηῶτες1061

ὀκτώ,1062 ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη1063 ἦν1064 ἣ τέκε1065 τέκνα.

1043 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of φαίνω. 1044 neut. sing. of φαίνω, a sign, a mark, or a token. 1045 masc. nom. sing. of δράκων, a dragon, or a serpent of huge size; a python. 1046 neut. pl. of νῶτον, the back; Lat., tergum, often in the pl. like Lat. terga. (Liddell and Scott) 1047 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of δαφοινός, tawny. 1048 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of σμερδαλέος, terrible to look upon. 1049 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἥκω, to have come, to be present, to be here; Lat., adesse. 1050 neut. sing. of φόως, light, daylight. 1051 masc. gen. sing. of βωμός. 1052 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ὑπαίσσω, to dart beneath, or to dart from under. 1053 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὀρούω, to rise and rush violently on, to move quickly, rush on, hasten, dart forward. 1054 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 1055 fem. gen. sing. of στρουθός, a sparrow. 1056 masc. nom. pl. of νεοσσός, a young bird, a nestling, a chick. 1057 Adj., neut. pl. of νήπιος, infant child. 1058 masc. dat. sing. of ὄζος, a bough, a branch, or a twig. 1059 Adj., superl., masc. dat. sing. of ἄκρος, at the furthest point. 1060 neut. dat. pl. of πέταλον, a leaf. 1061 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of ὑποπίπτω, to fall under, or down, to sink in; of places, to lie under or below. (Liddell and Scott) 1062 Numeral, eight. 1063 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ἔνατος, ninth. 1064 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 1065 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίκτω, to bring into the world, or to engender; of the father, to beget, of the mother, to bring forth. 91

There a great sign appeared. A dragon, orange-brown on its back, and horrible to look at.

Which the Olympian himself made come there in the daylight,

And it darted from underneath the platform to the plane-tree.

There there were eight chicks from a sparrow, new-born babies,

On the highest branch, underneath the leaves,

But the mother who brought the babies into the worlds was ninth

92

Ἔνθ᾽ ὅ γε τοὺς ἐλεεινὰ1066 κατήσθιε1067 τετριγῶτας,1068

(315) μήτηρ δ᾽ ἀμφεποτᾶτο1069 ὀδυρομένη1070 φίλα τέκνα.

Τὴν δ᾽ ἐλελιξάμενος1071 πτέρυγος1072 λάβεν1073 ἀμφιαχυῖαν.1074

Αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ τέκνα φάγε1075 στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτήν,

τὸν1076 μὲν ἀρίζηλον1077 θῆκεν1078 Θεὸς.1079 Ὅς περ ἔφηνε,1080

λᾶαν γάρ μιν ἔθηκε1081 Κρόνου πάϊς1082 ἀγκυλομήτεω,1083

(320) ἡμεῖς δ᾽ ἑσταότες1084 θαυμάζομεν1085 οἷον ἐτύχθη.1086

1066 Adj., neut. pl. of ἐλεεινός, finding pity, pitied. 1067 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κατεσθίω, eat up, devour. 1068 masc. acc. pl. perf. act. part. of τρίζω, utter a shrill cry. 1069 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀμφιποτάομαι, to fly round and round. 1070 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ὀδύρομαι, to lament, or to bewail. 1071 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of ἐλελίζω, to whirl around. 1072 fem. gen. sing. of πτέρυξ, a wing. 1073 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of λαμβάνω. 1074 fem. acc. sing. perf. act. part. of ἀμφιάχω, to fly about shreiking. 1075 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐσθίω, to eat. 1076 Artic., masc. acc. sing. of ὁ. 1077 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀρίζηλος, conspicious, remarkable. 1078 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίθημι, to put in a certain state, to make so and so; to make, cause, bring to pass. (Liddell and Scott) 1079 masc. nom. sing. of Θεός, God 1080 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of φαίνω. 1081 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίθημι. 1082 masc. nom. sing. of παῖς. 1083 masc. gen. sing. of ἀγκυλομήτης. 1084 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of ἵστημι. 1085 1st pl. imperf. act. ind. of θαυμάζω, to worder, or to marvel. 1086 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of τεύχω. 93

There he devoured those pitiful shreiking babies,

And their mother was flying round and round bewailing her dear children.

And as she was flying around shrieking, he whirled around and caught her by a wing.

But nevertheless, after he ate her children and she herself.

God made him a conspicious and remarkable sign.

The very same God who made this remarkable sign appear,

Kronos of the Crooked Council,

Turned him to stone, and we stood there marveling that such a thing was made.

94

Ὡς οὖν δεινὰ1087 πέλωρα1088 Θεῶν εἰσῆλθ᾽1089 ἑκατόμβας,1090

Κάλχας δ᾽ αὐτίκ᾽1091 ἔπειτα1092 θεοπροπέων1093 ἀγόρευε,1094

τίπτ᾽1095 ἄνεῳ1096 ἐγένεσθε1097 κάρη1098 κομόωντες1099 Ἀχαιοί;

Ἡμῖν μὲν τόδ᾽ ἔφηνε1100 τέρας1101 μέγα μητίετα Ζεὺς

(325) ὄψιμον1102 ὀψιτέλεστον,1103 ὅου1104 κλέος1105 οὔ ποτ᾽ ὀλεῖται.1106

Ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκνα φάγε1107 στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτὴν

ὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν ἣ τέκε1108 τέκνα,

ὣς ἡμεῖς τοσσαῦτ᾽1109 ἔτεα1110 πτολεμίξομεν1111 αὖθι,

τῷ δεκάτῳ1112 δὲ πόλιν αἱρήσομεν1113 εὐρυάγυιαν.1114

1087 Adj., neut. pl. of δεῖνα, terrible. 1088 neut. pl. of πέλωρον, portent. 1089 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εἰσέρχομαι, to go in or into, to enter. 1090 fem. acc. pl. of ἑκατόμβη. 1091 Adv. (αὐτίκα), forthwith, at once, in a moment. 1092 Adv., thereupon, thereafter, then. 1093 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of θεοπροπέω, to prophesy. 1094 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἀγορεύω. 1095 Pron. (τίπτε), what or why? 1096 Adv. (ἄνεω), to cry in silence 1097 2nd pl. aor. mid. ind. of γίγνομαι. 1098 neut. pl. of κάρα. 1099 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of κομάω. 1100 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of φαίνω. 1101 neut. sing. of τέρας, a sign, wonder, marvel, or portent. 1102 neut. sing. of ὄψιμος, late, or slow. 1103 neut. sing. of ὀψιτέλεστος, late of fulfillment. 1104 Pron., neut. gen. sing. of ὅς. 1105 neut. sing. of κλέος, rumor, report, news; fame, glory. 1106 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of ὄλλυμι, to destroy, to make an end of. 1107 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐσθίω. 1108 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίκτω. 1109 Adj., neut. pl. of τοιοῦτος, to large, so tall, so long, so great, so much. 1110 neut. pl. of ἔτος, a year. 1111 1st pl. aor. act. subj. of πολεμίζω. 1112 Adj., neut. dat. sing. of δέκατος. 1113 1st pl. fut. act. ind. of αἱρέω. 1114 fem. gen. pl. of εὐρυάγυια. 95

And so terrible portents of the Gods came into our hecatombs,

And Calchas at once prophesied, and then addressed the assembly.

Why have you Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long become silent?

Zeus Most Wise in Counsel has shown us this slow in coming portent of late fulfillment,

The fame of which shall never die.

And so, he gobbled down the eight children of the sparrow and she herself,

But nevertheless, the mother that brought those children into the world was ninth.

And so we have been fighting a war here for so many years,

But in the tenth we shall seize the City of the Wide Streets.

96

(330) Κεῖνος τὼς ἀγόρευε, τὰ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται.1115

Ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε μίμνετε1116 πάντες ἐϋκνήμιδες1117 Ἀχαιοὶ

αὐτοῦ εἰς ὅ1118 κεν ἄστυ1119 μέγα1120 Πριάμοιο ἕλωμεν.1121

Ὣς ἔφατ᾽,1122 Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγ᾽ ἴαχον,1123 ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες1124

σμερδαλέον1125 κονάβησαν1126 ἀϋσάντων1127 ὑπ᾽ Ἀχαιῶν,

(335) μῦθον ἐπαινήσαντες1128 Ὀδυσσῆος1129 Θείοιο.1130

1115 3rd sing. pres. mid. pass. ind. of τελέω. 1116 2nd pl. pres. act. imper. of μίμνω. 1117 masc. nom. pl. of ἐυκνήμις, well-equipped with greaves, well-greaved. 1118 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅς. 1119 neut. sing. of ἄστυ, a town. 1120 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας, big. 1121 1st pl. aor. act. subj. of αἱρέω. 1122 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of φημί. 1123 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἰάχω, to cry aloud, to shout, or to shriek. 1124 fem. nom. pl. of ναῦς. 1125 Adj., neut. sing. of σμερδαλέος, fearful, terrible, awful, dire. 1126 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of κοναβέω, to resound, clash, ring, reecho. 1127 masc. gen. pl. aor. act. part. of αὔω, to cry out, to shout, to call aloud. 1128 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of ἐπαινέω, to approve, applaud, or commend. 1129 masc. gen. sing. of Ὀδυσσεύς. 1130 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of Θεῖος, of or from the Gods, sent by the Gods, issuing from them, divine. 97

That man addressed the assembly in such a way, and now everthing is being fulfiled.

But come on! Stand fast all ye Well-Greaved Achaeans,

Let’s get to it and seize the big town of Priam.

And thus he spoke, and the Achaeans let out a great cry,

And there was an terrible echo about the ships from the cry of the Achaeans

Applauding the advice of Odysseus the Divine.

98

Τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε1131 Γερήνιος1132 ἱππότα1133 Νέστωρ.

Ὦ πόποι ἦ δὴ παισὶν ἐοικότες1134 ἀγοράασθε1135

νηπιάχοις1136 οἷς1137 οὔ τι μέλει1138 πολεμήϊα1139 ἔργα.

Πῇ1140 δὴ συνθεσίαι1141 τε καὶ ὅρκια1142 βήσεται1143 ἥμιν;

(340) Ἐν πυρὶ1144 δὴ βουλαί1145 τε γενοίατο1146 μήδεά1147 τ᾽ ἀνδρῶν

σπονδαί1148 τ᾽ ἄκρητοι1149 καὶ δεξιαί,1150 ᾗς1151 ἐπέπιθμεν.1152

Αὔτως γὰρ ἐπέεσσ᾽1153 ἐριδαίνομεν,1154 οὐδέ τι μῆχος1155

εὑρέμεναι1156 δυνάμεσθα,1157 πολὺν χρόνον ἐνθάδ᾽1158 ἐόντες.1159

1131 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of μετεῖπον. 1132 masc. nom. sing. of Γερήνιος, of Gerena. 1133 masc. nom. sing. of ἱππότης, a driver or rider of horses, a horseman, knight. 1134 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of ἔοικα, to be like, or to look like. 1135 2nd. pl. pres. mid. ind. of ἀγοράομαι. 1136 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of νηπίαχος, childish, infantile. 1137 Pron., masc. dat. pl. of ὅς. 1138 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of μέλω. 1139 Adj., neut. pl. of πολεμήιος, warlike. 1140 Pron., in what way? how? 1141 fem. nom. pl. of συνθεσία, a covenant, or a treaty. 1142 neut. pl. of ὅρκιον, an oath. 1143 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of βαίνω. 1144 neut. dat. sing. of πῦρ, fire. 1145 fem. nom. pl. of βουλή. 1146 3rd pl. aor. mid. opt. of γίγνομαι. 1147 neut. pl. of σπονδή, counsels, plans, arts. 1148 fem. nom. pl. of σπονδή, dirnk-offering. 1149 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of ἄκρατος, unmixed. 1150 fem. nom. pl. of δεξιά, right hand, the right hand given as a pledge or assurance. 1151 2nd sing. aor. act. subj. of ἵημι. 1152 1st pl. pluperf. act. ind. of πείθω. 1153 neut. dat. pl. of ἔπος. 1154 1st pl. pres. act. ind. of ἐριδαίνω. 1155 neut. sing. of μῆχος, means, expedient, remedy. 1156 aor. act. inf. of εὑρίσκω. 1157 1st pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of δύναμαι, to be able. 1158 Adv., here. 1159 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of εἰμί. 99

And then Master of Horses, the Gerenian Nestor addressed them.

O this is a great shame indeed!

Speaking in assembly, you all look like children whose main concern is not an act of war.

And how shall our oaths, covenants, and treaties go on walking in advance of us now?

Let your counsels and plans of men, your unmixed offerings,

And your handshakes be thrown into a fire, we were misled.

For we are fighting with speeches in this way

And are not able to find a remedy for being here so long.

100

Ἀτρεΐδη σὺ δ᾽ ἔθ᾽1160 ὡς πρὶν1161 ἔχων ἀστεμφέα1162 βουλὴν1163

(345) ἄρχευ᾽1164 Ἀργείοισι κατὰ κρατερὰς1165 ὑσμίνας,1166

τούσδε1167 δ᾽ ἔα φθινύθειν1168 ἕνα1169 καὶ δύο,1170 τοί1171 κεν Ἀχαιῶν

νόσφιν1172 βουλεύωσ᾽.1173 Ἄνυσις δ᾽ οὐκ ἔσσεται 1174αὐτῶν:

πρὶν Ἄργος δ᾽ ἰέναι1175 πρὶν καὶ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο1176

γνώμεναι1177 εἴ τε ψεῦδος1178 ὑπόσχεσις1179 εἴ τε καὶ οὐκί.

1160 Adv. (ἔτι), yet, still 1161 Adv., before, until. 1162 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἀστεμφής, unmoved, unshaken. 1163 fem. acc. sing. of will, determination, Lat. consilium. 1164 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἀρχεύω, to command. 1165 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of κρατερός. 1166 fem. gen. sing. of ὑσμίνη. 1167 Pron., masc. acc. pl. of ὅδε. 1168 pres. act. inf. of φθινύθω, to waste. 1169 masc. acc. sing. of εἷς. 1170 Numeral, two. 1171 Art., masc. nom. pl. of ὁ. 1172 Prep. (νόσφι), aloof, apart, afar, away. 1173 3rd pl. pres. act. subj. of βουλεύω. 1174 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of εἰμί. 1175 pres. act. inf. of εἶμι. 1176 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of αἰγίοχος, Aegis-bearing. 1177 aor. act. inf. of γιγνώσκω 1178 neut. sing. of ψεῦδος, a falsehood, or a lie. 1179 fem. nom. sing. of ὑπόσχεσις, undertaking, engagement, promise. 101

And still you, O son of Atreus, as yet still have unshaken resolve,

Command the Argives down to a mighty battle,

And permit one or two of these men to be wasted.

Let them take counsel apart from the Achaeans,

For no accomplishment shall come from them,

Going first to Argos before knowing

If the promise of the Aegis-bearing Zeus is a lie or not.

102

(350) Φημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι1180 ὑπερμενέα1181 Κρονίωνα1182

ἤματι1183 τῷ1184 ὅτε νηυσὶν ἐν ὠκυπόροισιν1185 ἔβαινον1186

Ἀργεῖοι Τρώεσσι φόνον1187 καὶ Κῆρα1188 φέροντες1189

ἀστράπτων1190 ἐπιδέξι᾽1191 ἐναίσιμα1192 σήματα1193 φαίνων.1194

Τὼ μή τις πρὶν ἐπειγέσθω1195 οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι1196

(355) πρίν τινα1197 πὰρ Τρώων ἀλόχῳ1198 κατακοιμηθῆναι,1199

τίσασθαι δ᾽ Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά1200 τε στοναχάς1201 τε.

1180 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of κατανεύω, to nod in assent. 1181 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ὑπερμενής, exceedingly mighty. 1182 masc. acc. sing. of Κρονίων. 1183 neut. dat. sing. of ἦμαρ. 1184 Art., neut. dat. sing. of ὁ. 1185 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of ὠκύπορος, quick-going. 1186 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of βαίνω. 1187 masc. acc. sing. of φόνος, murder, slaughter. 1188 fem. acc. sing. of Κήρ, the Goddess of Death. 1189 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of φέρω. 1190 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἀστράπτω, the hurlng of lightening bolts. 1191 Adj., neut. pl. of ἐπιδέξιος, towards the right, from left to right, on the right. 1192 Adj., neut. pl. of ἐναίσιμος, ominous, fateful. 1193 neut. pl. of σῆμα, a sign, mark, or token. 1194 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of φαίνω. 1195 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. imper. of ἐπείγω, to hasten, or to hurry. 1196 pres. mid. pass. inf. of νέομαι. 1197 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of τις. 1198 fem. dat. sing. of ἄλοχος, wife. 1199 aor. pass. inf. of κατακοιμάω, to put to sleep. 1200 neut. pl. of ὅρμημα, longings. 1201 fem. acc. pl. of στοναχή, in pl. groans and sighs. (Liddell and Scott) 103

For I say the Almighty son of Kronos could have nodded in assent to this

On that very day the Argives stepped onto those swift ships

Bringing murder and death to the Trojans

By making lightening appear on the right as an ominous sign.

Therefore let no one hasten to go home until everyone has slept

With a Trojan’s wife,

And the price be paid for both the longing and the wailing for Helen.

104

Εἰ δέ τις ἐκπάγλως1202 ἐθέλει1203 οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι

ἁπτέσθω1204 ἧς1205 νηὸς1206 ἐϋσσέλμοιο1207 μελαίνης,1208

ὄφρα1209 πρόσθ᾽1210 ἄλλων θάνατον καὶ πότμον1211 ἐπίσπῃ.1212

(360) Ἀλλὰ ἄναξ1213 αὐτός τ᾽1214 εὖ μήδεο1215 πείθεό1216 τ᾽ ἄλλῳ,

οὔ τοι1217 ἀπόβλητον1218 ἔπος1219 ἔσσεται1220 ὅττί1221 κεν εἴπω,1222

κρῖν᾽1223 ἄνδρας1224 κατὰ φῦλα1225 κατὰ φρήτρας1226 Ἀγάμεμνον,1227

ὡς φρήτρη1228 φρήτρηφιν1229 ἀρήγῃ,1230 φῦλα δὲ φύλοις.

1202 Adv., terribly, violently. 1203 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐθέλω. 1204 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. imper. of ἅπτω. 1205 masc. nom. sing. of εἷς, him. 1206 fem. gen. sing. of ναῦς. 1207 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of εὔσελμος, well-benched. 1208 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of μέλας. 1209 Conj., that, in order that. 1210 Adv. (πρόσθεν), before, or in front of. 1211 masc. acc. sing. of πότμος, that which befalls one, lot, destiny, or one’s fate. 1212 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of ἐφέπω. to go after, to follow, to follow after, to pursue. 1213 masc. voc. sing. of ἄναξ. 1214 Pron., 2nd acc. sing. of σύ. 1215 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. imper. of μήδομαι, plan, plot, scheme. 1216 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. imper. of πείθω. 1217 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 1218 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀπόβλητος, something thrown away as worthless. 1219 neut. sing. of ἔπος. 1220 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of εἰμί. 1221 Conj. (ὅτι), that. 1222 1st sing. aor. act. subj. of εἶπον. 1223 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of κρίνω, to separate, or to distinguish. 1224 masc. acc. pl. of ἀνήρ. 1225 neut. pl. of φῦλον, a race, a tribe. 1226 fem. acc. pl. of φρήτρη, a clan. 1227 masc. voc. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων. 1228 fem. nom. sing. of φρήτρη. 1229 fem. dat. pl. of φράτρα, 1230 3rd sing. pres. act. subj. of ἀρήγω, to help, aid, succour, esp. in battle. 105

And if any man so terribly wants to go home,

Let him bind fast one of the well-benched black ships,

So that death and fate may pursue.

But you O lord and master, plan well and be persuaded by another man,

For indeed I should say a word to you so that it is not thrown away as useless.

Divide the men according to tribes and clans so that one clan can aid its clans

And one tribe can aid its tribes in battle.

106

Εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς1231 καί τοι πείθωνται1232 Ἀχαιοί,

(365) γνώσῃ1233 ἔπειθ᾽1234 ὅς θ᾽ ἡγεμόνων1235 κακὸς ὅς τέ νυ λαῶν

ἠδ᾽ ὅς κ᾽ ἐσθλὸς1236 ἔῃσι,1237 κατὰ σφέας1238 γὰρ μαχέονται.1239

Γνώσεαι1240 δ᾽ εἰ καὶ θεσπεσίῃ1241 πόλιν οὐκ ἀλαπάξεις,1242

ἦ ἀνδρῶν κακότητι1243 καὶ ἀφραδίῃ1244 πολέμοιο.

1231 2nd sing. aor. act. subj. of ἔρδω, to do. 1232 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. subj. of πείθω. 1233 2nd sing. fut. mid. ind. of γιγνώσκω. 1234 Conj. (ἐπεί), after that, since, when. 1235 masc. gen. pl. of ἡγεμών, a hegemon, one who leads; a leader, a commander, or a chief. 1236 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἐσθλός. 1237 3rd sing. pres. act. subj. of εἰμί. 1238 masc. acc. pl. of σφεῖς. 1239 3rd pl. fut. mid. ind. μάχομαι. 1240 2nd sing. fut. mid. ind. of γιγνώσκω. 1241 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of θεσπέσιος, fem. dat. θεσπεσίῃ = by the will of God. (Liddell and Scott) 1242 2nd sing. fut. act. ind. of ἀλαπάζω, empty, drain, exhaust; plunder. 1243 fem. dat. sing. of κακότης, of character, baseness, weakness, cowardice. 1244 fem. dat. sing. of ἀφραδία, folly, thoughtlessness. 107

And if you should do so, and the Achaeans obey you,

After that you shall know who among the leaders is bad,

And who among the men is also bad,

And who among them all is good, for those going down to the fight.

And you shall also know if it is by the will of God you that shall not plunder the city,

Or if it is by the the badness of the men and folly at war.

108

Τὸν δ᾽ ἀπαμειβόμενος1245 προσέφη1246 κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων.

(370) Ἦ μὰν αὖτ᾽ ἀγορῇ1247 νικᾷς1248 γέρον1249 υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.

Αἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ1250 τε πάτερ1251 καὶ Ἀθηναίη1252 καὶ Ἄπολλον1253

τοιοῦτοι1254 δέκα μοι συμφράδμονες1255 εἶεν1256 Ἀχαιῶν.

Τώ1257 κε τάχ᾽1258 ἠμύσειε1259 πόλις Πριάμοιο1260 ἄνακτος1261

χερσὶν1262 ὑφ᾽1263 ἡμετέρῃσιν1264 ἁλοῦσά1265 τε περθομένη1266 τε.

1245 masc. nom. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἀπαμείβομαι, reply, answer. 1246 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of πρόσφημι. 1247 fem. dat. sing. of ἀγορά. 1248 fem. dat. pl. of νίκη, victory. 1249 masc. voc. sing. of γέρων. 1250 masc. voc. sing. of Ζεύς. 1251 masc. voc. sing. of πατήρ. 1252 fem. voc. sing. of Ἀθηναίη, Ἀθήνη, the Goddess Athena. (Autenrieth, Georg, A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers: 1891) 1253 masc. voc. sing. of Ἀπόλλων. 1254 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of τοιοῦτος. 1255 masc. nom pl. of συμφράδμων, one who joins in considering, counsellor. 1256 3rd sing. pers. act. opt. of εἰμί. 1257 Adv., therefore, in this wise, then. 1258 Adv., quickly, presently, forthwith, at once. 1259 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of ἠμύω, to bow down, to sink, or to drop. 1260 masc. gen. sing. of Πρίαμος. 1261 masc. gen. sing. of ἄναξ. 1262 fem. dat. pl. of χείρ. 1263 Prep. (ὑπό) + dat., of the person under whose power or influence a thing is done; expressing subjection, to come under one’s power. (Liddell and Scott) 1264 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of ἡμέτερος, our. 1265 fem. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἁλίσκομαι, to be taken, conquered, fall into an enemy's hand. 1266 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of πέρθω, waste, ravage, sack. 109

And Lord Agamemnon replied to him:

Indeed, the old man is once again victorious over the sons of the Achaeans in the Agora.

O Father Zeus, both Athena and Apollo!

Would be that there were for me ten councellors such as this among the Achaeans.

Then forthwith would the city of Priam, Lord and Master, being conquered

Fall into our hands and be lain waste.

110

(375) Ἀλλά μοι αἰγίοχος Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγε᾽1267 ἔδωκεν,1268

ὅς με μετ᾽1269 ἀπρήκτους1270 ἔριδας1271 καὶ νείκεα1272 βάλλει,1273

καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν1274 Ἀχιλεύς τε μαχεσσάμεθ᾽1275 εἵνεκα1276 κούρης1277

ἀντιβίοις1278 ἐπέεσσιν,1279 ἐγὼ δ᾽ ἦρχον1280 χαλεπαίνων.1281

Εἰ δέ ποτ᾽ ἔς1282 γε μίαν1283 βουλεύσομεν,1284 οὐκέτ᾽1285 ἔπειτα1286

(380) Τρωσὶν ἀνάβλησις1287 κακοῦ1288 ἔσσεται1289 οὐδ᾽ ἠβαιόν.1290

1267 neut. pl. of ἄλγος, pain of body, or pain of mind; grief, distress. 1268 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of δίδωμι. 1269 Prep. + acc., with, amidst, or among; of motion, into the middle of coming among a number; after, next, behind; after according to. (Liddell and Scott) 1270 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of ἄπρακτος, unavailing, unprofitable, unsuccessful. 1271 fem. acc. pl. of ἔρις, strife, quarrel, debate, contention. 1272 neut. pl. of νεῖκος, quarrel, strife, feud. 1273 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of βάλλω. 1274 Pron., 1st masc. sing. ἐγώ. 1275 1st pl. aor. mid. ind. of μάχομαι. 1276 Prep., on account of, because of, for the sake of. 1277 fem. gen. sing. of κόρη, girl. 1278 Adj., neut. dat. pl. of ἀντίβιος, opposing force to force. 1279 neut. dat. pl. of ἔπος. 1280 1st sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω, to be first. 1281 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of χαλεπαίνω, to be sorely grievous. 1282 Prep. + acc., to, into. 1283 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of εἷς, one, one and the same. (Autenrieth) 1284 1st pl. fut. act. ind. of βουλεύω. 1285 Adv. (οὐκέτι), no more, no longer, no further. 1286 Adv., thereupon, thereafter, then. 1287 fem. nom. sing. of ἀνάβλησις, a putting off, or a delay. 1288 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κακόω, of persons, to treat ill, maltreat, afflict, distress; of things, to spoil, or to ruin. 1289 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of εἰμί. 1290 Adj., neut. sing. of ἠβαιός, small. 111

But the Aegis-bearing Zeus, son of Kronos, has given me this grief,

It is he who hath cast me in among these unprofitable conflicts and disputes,

Because Achilles and I fought with powerful words because of the girl,

And I was the first to be offended.

But if ever we were to meet at one and the same counsel there will no longer be a delay,

Not even a short one, for the maltreatment of the Trojans.

112

Νῦν δ᾽ ἔρχεσθ᾽1291 ἐπὶ1292 δεῖπνον1293 ἵνα1294 ξυνάγωμεν1295 Ἄρηα.1296

Εὖ μέν τις δόρυ1297 θηξάσθω,1298 εὖ δ᾽ ἀσπίδα1299 θέσθω,1300

εὖ δέ τις ἵπποισιν1301 δεῖπνον δότω1302 ὠκυπόδεσσιν,1303

εὖ δέ τις ἅρματος1304 ἀμφὶς ἰδὼν1305 πολέμοιο μεδέσθω,1306

(385) ὥς1307 κε πανημέριοι1308 στυγερῷ1309 κρινώμεθ᾽1310 Ἄρηϊ.1311

Οὐ γὰρ παυσωλή1312 γε μετέσσεται1313 οὐδ᾽ ἠβαιὸν1314

εἰ μὴ1315 νὺξ ἐλθοῦσα1316 διακρινέει1317 μένος1318 ἀνδρῶν.

1291 2nd pl. pres. mid./pass. imper. of ἔρχομαι. 12921292 Prep. + acc., of the object or purpose for which one goes, to or for something. 1293 neut. sing. of δεῖπνον, a meal, the principle meal of the day 1294 Conj., that, in order that: Lat., ut. 1295 1st pl. pres. act. subj. of συνάγω, to bring together, gather together, collect, convene. 1296 masc. acc. sing. of Ἄρης, Ares, the God of war, pestilence, destruction, slaughter, etc. 1297 neut. sing. of δόρυ, a spear. 1298 3rd sing. aor. mid. imper. of θήγω, to sharpen, or to whet. 1299 fem. acc. sing. of ἀσπίς, a round shield, Lat. clipeus, of bull's hide, overlaid with metal plates, with a boss (ὀμφαλός) in the middle, and fringed with tassels (θύσανοι): different from the oblong shield (ὅπλον, Lat. scutum) used by the ὁπλῖται. (Liddell and Scott) 1300 3rd sing. aor. mid. imper. of τίθημι. 1301 masc. dat. pl. of ἵππος. 1302 3rd sing. aor. act. imper. of δίδωμι. 1303 masc. dat. pl. of δόρυ, swift-footed. 1304 masc. gen. sing. of ἅρμα, a chariot. 1305 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶδον. 1306 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. imper. of μέδομαι, to provide for, think on, be mindful of, bethink one of. 1307 Pron., masc. acc. pl. of ὅς. 1308 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πανημέριος, all day long. 1309 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of στυγερός, hated, abominated, loathed. 1310 1st pl. pres. mid./pass. subj. of κρίνω. 1311 masc. dat. sing. of Ἄρης. 1312 fem. nom. sing. of παυσωλή, rest. 1313 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of μέτειμι. 1314 Adj., neut. sing. of ἠβαιός, little, small, poor, slight. 1315 εἰ μὴ = Lat. nisi, if not, unless, except, save, but, than. 1316 fem. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἔρχομαι, to come, or to go. 1317 3rd sing. fut. act. ind. of διακρίνω, to separate from one another, to part combatants. 1318 neut. sing. of μένος, might, force, strength, prowess, courage; rage, passion; violence. 113

But now go to your meal so that we may all gather for Ares.

Let every man whet well his spear, let everyman stretch well his shield,

Let everyman feed well his swift-footed horses,

And anyone who sees well to his chariot all around is mindful of the war,

Let us contend against them all day long for the sake of Ares the Hated.

For indeed no rest, not even a little—until nighth comes

The violence between shall not part.

114

Ἱδρώσει1319 μέν τευ1320 τελαμὼν1321 ἀμφὶ στήθεσφιν1322

ἀσπίδος1323 ἀμφιβρότης,1324 περὶ δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ1325 χεῖρα1326 καμεῖται,1327

(390) ἱδρώσει δέ τευ ἵππος ἐΰξοον1328 ἅρμα1329 τιταίνων.1330

Ὃν1331 δέ κ᾽ ἐγὼν1332 ἀπάνευθε1333 μάχης1334 ἐθέλοντα1335 νοήσω1336

μιμνάζειν1337 παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν,1338 οὔ οἱ ἔπειτα

ἄρκιον1339 ἐσσεῖται1340 φυγέειν1341 κύνας1342 ἠδ᾽ οἰωνούς.1343

1319 3rd sing. fut. act. ind. of ἱδρόω, to sweat. 1320 Pron., 2nd gen. sing. of σύ. 1321 masc. nom. sing. of τελαμών, a leathern strap or belt, for bearing both shield or sword. (Liddell and Scott) 1322 neut. dat. pl. of στῆθος, the breast or the chest. 1323 fem. gen. sing. of ἀσπίς. 1324 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of ἀμφίβροτος, covering the whole man. 1325 neut. dat. sing. of ἔγχος, a spear, or a lance. 1326 fem. acc. sing. χείρ. 1327 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of κάμνω, to work or till by labor. 1328 Adj., neut. sing. of εὔξοος, of polished metal. 1329 neut. sing. of ἅρμα. 1330 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of τιταίνω, to stretch; of horses, to draw at full stretch. 1331 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of ὅς. 1332 Pron., 1st masc. nom. sing. of ἐγώ. 1333 Adv., afar, far away. 1334 fem. gen. sing. of μάχη. 1335 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐθέλω. 1336 1st sing. fut. act. ind. of νοέω. 1337 pres. act. inf. of μιμνάζω, to wait, or to stay. 1338 fem. dat. pl. of κορωνίς. 1339 Adj., neut. sing. of ἄρκιος, to be relied upon, to be certain, to be sure. 1340 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of εἰμί. 1341 aor. act. inf. of φεύγω. 1342 masc./fem. acc. pl. of κύων, a dog. 1343 masc. acc. pl. of οἰωνός, a large bird of prey, such as a vulture or eagle, and so distinguished from a common bird (ὄρνις). (Liddell and Scott) 115

The sweat of the telemon shall cover your chest

From the sheltering of you body with your shield,

And it will be on your lance from the working of you hand,

And your horse drawn at full stretch shall sweat on the polished metal of your chariot.

But if I should see a man who prefers to be far away from battle, waiting by the curved ships,

Thereupon, it is certain he will not escape the dogs and the vultures.

116

Ὣς ἔφατ᾽,1344 Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγ᾽ ἴαχον1345 ὡς ὅτε κῦμα1346

(395) ἀκτῇ1347 ἐφ᾽1348 ὑψηλῇ,1349 ὅτε κινήσῃ1350 Νότος1351 ἐλθών,1352

προβλῆτι1353 σκοπέλῳ,1354 τὸν δ᾽ οὔ ποτε1355 κύματα1356 λείπει1357

παντοίων1358 ἀνέμων1359, ὅτ᾽ ἂν ἔνθ᾽ ἢ ἔνθα γένωνται.1360

Ἀνστάντες1361 δ᾽ ὀρέοντο1362 κεδασθέντες1363 κατὰ νῆας,

κάπνισσάν1364 τε κατὰ κλισίας, καὶ δεῖπνον ἕλοντο.1365

(400) Ἄλλος δ᾽ ἄλλῳ ἔρεζε1366 Θεῶν αἰειγενετάων1367

εὐχόμενος1368 θάνατόν τε φυγεῖν1369 καὶ μῶλον1370 Ἄρηος.1371

1344 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of φημί. 1345 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἰάχω. 1346 neut. sing. of κῦμα. 1347 fem. dat. sing. of ἀκτή, headland, foreland, promontory, point, cape, head, horn, bill, or peninsula. 1348 Prep. (ἐπί) + dat. = against. 1349 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of ὑψηλός, high, lofty. 1350 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of κινέω. 1351 masc. nom. sing. of Νότος, the South-wind. 1352 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἔρχομαι. 1353 masc. dat. sing. of προβλής, jutting out. 1354 masc. dat. sing. of σκόπελος, lookout place. 1355 οὔ ποτε = not ever. 1356 neut. pl. of κῦμα. 1357 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of λείπω, leavve, quit. 1358 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of παντοῖος, of all sorts. 1359 masc. gen. pl. of ἄνεμος. 1360 3rd pl. aor. mid. subj. of γίγνομαι. 1361 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of ἀνίστημι. 1362 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of ὄρνυμι. 1363 masc. nom. pl. aor. pass. part. of κεδάννυμι, to break asunder, break up, scatter. 1364 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of καπνίζω, to make smoke, or to make a fire. 1365 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of αἱρέω. 1366 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ῥέζω. 1367 masc. gen. pl. of ἀειγενέτης, everlasting, eternal, immortal; immortal ancestor. 1368 masc. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of εὔχομαι, to pray. 1369 aor. act. inf. of φεύγω. 1370 masc. acc. sing. of μῶλος, moil and toil. 1371 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄρης. 117

And so he spoke, and the Argives gave out a great big shout

That was like a wave raised by the South-wind

Crashing against the furthest lookout of a lofty cape

Never left alone by waves driven here and there by winds of every kind.

And standing up, they stirred, and scattering among the ships,

And they built fires down by their huts and took their meal.

And performed a sacrifice to one or the other of the Gods Eternal1372

Praying to escape death and the moil and toils of Ares.

1372 N.B. ἀεί + γενέτης = immortal ancestor. 118

Αὐτὰρ1373 ὃ βοῦν1374 ἱέρευσε1375 ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων

πίονα1376 πενταέτηρον1377 ὑπερμενέϊ1378 Κρονίωνι,1379

κίκλησκεν1380 δὲ γέροντας1381 ἀριστῆας1382 Παναχαιῶν,1383

(405) Νέστορα μὲν πρώτιστα1384 καὶ Ἰδομενῆα1385 ἄνακτα,

Αὐτὰρ ἔπειτ᾽ Αἴαντε1386 δύω καὶ Τυδέος υἱόν,

ἕκτον1387 δ᾽ αὖτ᾽ Ὀδυσῆα1388 Διὶ μῆτιν1389 ἀτάλαντον.1390

Αὐτόματος1391 δέ οἱ1392 ἦλθε1393 βοὴν1394 ἀγαθὸς1395 Μενέλαος,1396

ᾔδεε1397 γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀδελφεὸν1398 ὡς ἐπονεῖτο.1399

1373 Partic. (ἀτάρ), but, yet; Lat. at, to introduce an objection or correction, or to mark the immediate transition between one thought and another. 1374 masc. acc. sing. of but, yet, Lat. at, to introduce an objection or correction, a billock, a bull, or an ox. 1375 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἱερεύω, to saccrifice. 1376 masc. acc. sing. of πίων, fat. 1377 Adj., masc. masc. acc. sing. of πενταέτηρος, five years old. 1378 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of ὑπερμενής, exceedingly mighty. 1379 masc. dat. sing. of Κρονίων. 1380 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κικλήσκω, to call, or to summon. 1381 masc. acc. pl. of γέρων. 1382 masc. acc. pl. of ἀριστεύς, those exceeding in valor; the best men. 1383 masc. gen. pl. of Παναχαιοί, all the Achaeans. 1384 Adj., neut. pl. of πρώτιστος, the very first. 1385 masc. acc. sing. of Ἰδομενεύς, Idomeneus. 1386 masc. acc. dual of Αἴας. 1387 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἕκτος, sixth. 1388 masc. acc. sing. of Ὀδυσσεύς. 1389 fem. acc. sing. of μῆτις. 1390 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀτάλαντος. 1391 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of αὐτόματος, acting of one’s own will. 1392 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἕ. 1393 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἔρχομαι. 1394 pres. act. inf. of βοάω, to cry aloud, or to shout. 1395 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀγαθός. 1396 masc. nom. sing. of Μενέλαος. 1397 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of οἶδα. 1398 masc. acc. sing. of ἀδελφός, a son of the same mother, a brother. 1399 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. πονέομαι, to be engaged in toil. 119

And besides that, Agamemnon, lord of men, sacrificed a fat five-year-old ox

To the exceedingly mighty son of Kronos,

And he summoned the old men who excelled in valor,

And Nestor and Idomeneus, lord of men, were the very first,

And after them, both Ajaxes and the son of Tydeus,

And Odysseus Equal to God in Counsel was sixth.

And Good Willed Menelaus came to him shouting,

For he knew what was at work in his brother’s heart.

120

(410) Βοῦν δὲ περιστήσαντο1400 καὶ οὐλοχύτας1401 ἀνέλοντο,1402

τοῖσιν1403 δ᾽ εὐχόμενος1404 μετέφη1405 κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων.

Ζεῦ κύδιστε1406 μέγιστε1407 κελαινεφὲς1408 αἰθέρι1409 ναίων1410

μὴ πρὶν ἐπ᾽ ἠέλιον1411 δῦναι1412 καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας1413 ἐλθεῖν1414

πρίν με κατὰ πρηνὲς1415 βαλέειν1416 Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον1417

(415) αἰθαλόεν,1418 πρῆσαι1419 δὲ πυρὸς δηΐοιο1420 θύρετρα,1421

1400 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of περιίστημι, in Mid. to stand around + acc. 1401 fem. acc. pl. of οὐλοχύται, barley-groats. 1402 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. ἀναιρέω, to take up. 1403 Art., masc. dat. pl. of ὁ. 1404 masc. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of εὔχομαι. 1405 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μετάφημι, to speak among people and to address them. 1406 Adj., superl., masc. voc. sing. of κύδιστος, most glorious, most honored, noblest. 1407 Adj., superl., masc. voc. sing. of μέγας. 1408 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of κελαινεφής, black with clouds. 1409 masc. dat. sing. of αἰθήρ, Aether, the upper atmosphere. 1410 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ναίω, dwell, abide. 1411 masc. acc. sing. of ἥλιος, the sun. 1412 aor. act. inf. of δύω, cause to sink. 1413 neut. sing. of κνέφας, darkness. 1414 aor. act. inf. of ἔρχομαι. 1415 Adj., neut. sing. of πρηνής, with the face downwards, head-foremost. 1416 aor. act. inf. of βάλλω. 1417 neut. sing. of μέλαθρον, roof-tree, ridgepole. 1418 Adj., neut. pl. of αἰθαλόεις, smoky, sooty. 1419 aor. act. inf. of πρήθω, to burn. 1420 Adj., neut. gen. sing. of δάιος, hostile, destructive, dreadful; burning, consuming. 1421 neut. pl. of θύρετρα, doors. 121

And they stood around the ox and took up barley-groats,

And Lord Agamemnon praying for them spoke.

O Zeus, most great, most honored, black with clouds dwelling in Aether,

Let not the sun set and darkness come until the roof of Priam

Has been thrown down in ashes, and his doors burned in fire.

122

Ἑκτόρεον1422 δὲ χιτῶνα1423 περὶ στήθεσσι1424 δαΐξαι1425

χαλκῷ1426 ῥωγαλέον,1427 πολέες1428 δ᾽ ἀμφ᾽ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι1429

πρηνέες1430 ἐν κονίῃσιν1431 ὀδὰξ1432 λαζοίατο1433 γαῖαν.1434

Ὣς ἔφατ᾽,1435 οὐδ᾽ ἄρα πώ1436 οἱ ἐπεκραίαινε1437 Κρονίων,

(420) ἀλλ᾽ ὅ1438 γε δέκτο1439 μὲν ἱρά,1440 πόνον1441 δ᾽ ἀμέγαρτον1442 ὄφελλεν.1443

1422 masc. acc. sing. of Ἕκτωρ, Hector, son of Priam and Hecuba. 1423 masc. acc. sing. of χιτών. 1424 neut. dat. pl. of στῆθος. 1425 aor. act. inf. of δαίζω, to cleave asunder, to cleave; to slay, or to smite; to rend or tear. 1426 neut. dat. sing. of χάλκεος. 1427 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ῥωγαλέος, broken, cleft, rent, or torn. 1428 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πολύς. 1429 masc. nom. pl. of ἑταῖρος, comrade. 1430 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πρηνής. 1431 fem. dat. pl. of κονία, dust. 1432 Adv., by biting with the teeth. 1433 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. opt. of λάζομαι, to take, seize or grasp. 1434 fem. acc. sing. of γαῖα. 1435 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind of φημί. 1436 Partic., up to this time, yet. 1437 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἐπικραίνω, to bring to pass, or to accomplish. 1438 Art., masc. nom. sing. of ὁ. 1439 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of δέχομαι. 1440 masc. acc. sing. of ἱερεύς, a sacrificer, a diviner, a minister of religious duties; a priest. 1441 masc. acc. sing. of πόνος. 1442 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀμέγαρτος, unenviable, unhappy, miserable. 1443 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ὀφέλλω, to increase, enlarge, or strengthen. 123

And Hectors torn tunic is cleaved from his bronze covered chest,

And many of his comrades seized in the dust bite the dirt all around him.

And so he was saying, but the Son of Kronos was not bring this about for him as yet,

On the one hand, he accepted the sacrifice of the Holy Man,

But still increased their unhappy work on the other.

124

Αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥ᾽ εὔξαντο1444 καὶ οὐλοχύτας1445 προβάλοντο,1446

αὐέρυσαν1447 μὲν πρῶτα1448 καὶ ἔσφαξαν1449 καὶ ἔδειραν,1450

μηρούς1451 τ᾽ ἐξέταμον1452 κατά τε κνίσῃ1453 ἐκάλυψαν1454

δίπτυχα1455 ποιήσαντες,1456 ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν1457 δ᾽ ὠμοθέτησαν.1458

(425) Καὶ τὰ μὲν ἂρ σχίζῃσιν1459 ἀφύλλοισιν1460 κατέκαιον,1461

σπλάγχνα1462 δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἀμπείραντες1463 ὑπείρεχον1464 Ἡφαίστοιο.1465

1444 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of εὔχομαι. 1445 fem. acc. pl. of οὐλοχύται. 1446 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of προβάλλω. 1447 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of αὐερύω, to draw back. 1448 adj., neut. pl. πρῶτος, first. 1449 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of σφάζω, to slay and to slaughter an animal. 1450 3rd pl. aor. ind. of δέρω, to skin and to flay an animal. 1451 masc. acc. pl. of μηρός, the thigh. 1452 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἐκτέμνω, to cut out. 1453 fem. dat. sing. of κνῖσα, the steam and odor of fat; Lat., nidor; that which caused this smell and steam, i. e. the fat, in which the flesh of the victim was wrapped and burnt. (Liddell and Scott) 1454 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of καλύπτω, to cover, to cover with a thing; to conceal. 1455 Adj., neut. pl. of δίπτυχος, double-folded, doubled. 1456 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of ποιέω. 1457 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of αὐτός, the self. 1458 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ὠμοθετέω, place the raw pieces duly on the altar. (Liddell and Scott) 1459 fem. dat. pl. of σχίζα, piece of wood cut off, lath, splinter; firewood. 1460 fem. dat. pl. of ἄφυλλος, leafless. 1461 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of κατακαίω, burnt completely. 1462 neut. pl. of σπλάγχνον, the inward parts, esp. the viscera thoracis, i. e. heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, which in sacrifices were reserved to be eaten by the sacrificers. (Liddell and Scott) 1463 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of ἀναπείρω, to pierce through, or to fix on a spit. 1464 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ὑπερέχω, to hold over. 1465 masc. gen. sing. of Ἥφαιστος, Hephaestus. 125

And after that, when they had prayed, and they had thrown barley-groats

And drew back the heads of their first victims, and had slaughtered and flayed them,

And cutting out the thighs and making double-folds they covered them over with fat,

And they themselves placed the raw pieces duly on the altar,

And they were burnt completely over splinters of leafless wood,

And fixing the innards on spits, they held them over Hephaetus.

126

Αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρε1466 κάη1467 καὶ σπλάγχνα1468 πάσαντο,1469

μίστυλλόν1470 τ᾽ ἄρα τἆλλα1471 καὶ ἀμφ᾽ ὀβελοῖσιν1472 ἔπειραν,1473

ὤπτησάν1474 τε περιφραδέως,1475 ἐρύσαντό1476 τε πάντα.

(430) Αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύσαντο1477 πόνου1478 τετύκοντό1479 τε δαῖτα1480

δαίνυντ᾽,1481 οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο1482 δαιτὸς1483 ἐΐσης.1484

Αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος1485 καὶ ἐδητύος1486 ἐξ ἔρον1487 ἕντο,1488

τοῖς ἄρα μύθων1489 ἦρχε1490 Γερήνιος ἱππότα1491 Νέστωρ.

1466 neut. dual of 1467 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of καίω, to burn. 1468 neut. pl. of σπλάγχνον. 1469 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of πατέομαι, to eat. 1470 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of μιστύλλω, to cut up meat. 1471 Adj., neut. pl. of ἄλλος. 1472 neut. dat. pl. of ὀβελός, a spit. 1473 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of πείρω. 1474 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ὀπτάω, to roast, to broil. 1475 Adv., very thoughtfully, very skilfully. 1476 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἐρύω, to drag, to draw. 1477 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of παύω, to put an end to, to make stop, or to cease. 1478 masc. gen. sing. of πόνος. 1479 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of τεύχω, to make ready, to prepare a meal. 1480 fem. nom. sing. of δαίτη, a feast. 1481 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of δαίνυμι, to divide; to give a banquet or feast. (Liddell and Scott) 1482 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of δέω. 1483 fem. gen. sing. of δαίς, a feast; in Hom., δαὶς ἐΐση = equally divided. (Liddell and Scott) 1484 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of ἴσος, equal. 1485 fem. gen. sing. of πόσις, a drink or a beverage. 1486 fem. gen. sing. of ἐδητύς, meat, food. 1487 masc. acc. sing. of ἔρος, love, desire. 1488 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἵημι, in Hom. in the phrase ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο = when they had put away the desire of meat and drink. (Liddell and Scott) 1489 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. μυθέομαι, to speak. 1490 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 1491 masc. nom. sing. of ἱππότης. 127

But nevertheless, when the thigh-bones had been burnt, and the inner parts eaten,

And the the other parts cut up and skewered on spits, and very skilfully roasted,

Everything was drawn off.

But nevertheless, when they were done with their work, and made ready the feast,

No man’s soul was wanting at the dinner equally divided.

But nevertheless, when the deisre for meat and drink was vanquished,

Master of Horses, the Gerenian Nestor was the first to speak .

128

Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε1492 ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον,

(435) μηκέτι1493 νῦν δήθ᾽1494 αὖθι1495 λεγώμεθα,1496 μηδ᾽ ἔτι δηρὸν1497

ἀμβαλλώμεθα1498 ἔργον ὃ δὴ Θεὸς1499 ἐγγυαλίζει.1500

Ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε κήρυκες μὲν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων1501

λαὸν κηρύσσοντες1502 ἀγειρόντων1503 κατὰ νῆας,

ἡμεῖς δ᾽ ἀθρόοι1504 ὧδε1505 κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν1506 Ἀχαιῶν

(440) ἴομεν1507 ὄφρα1508 κε θᾶσσον1509 ἐγείρομεν1510 ὀξὺν1511 Ἄρηα.1512

1492 Adj., superl., masc. voc. sing. of κυδρός, most glorious, most honored, noblest. 1493 Adv., no more, no longer, no further; formed from μή, ἔτι, with κ inserted. (Liddell and Scott) 1494 Adv. (δηθά), for a long time; Lat., diu. 1495 Adv., on the spot, here, there. 1496 1st pl. pres. mid./pass. subj. of λέγω. 1497 neut. sing. of δηρός, all too long. (Liddell and Scott) 1498 1st pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἀναβάλλω, to put off, to delay. 1499 masc. nom. sing. of Θεός, God. 1500 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἐγγυαλίζω, put into the palm of the hand, put into the hand. 1501 masc. gen. pl. of χαλκοχίτων. 1502 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of κηρύσσω. 1503 3rd pl. pres. act. imper. of ἀγείρω. 1504 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἀθρόος, in crowds, in heaps. 1505 Adv., in this wise, thus. 1506 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of εὐρύς. 1507 1st pl. pres. act. subj. of εἶμι. 1508 Conj., that, in order that. 1509 Adj., comp., neut. sing. of θάσσων, quicker. 1510 1st pl. aor. act. subj. of ἐγείρω, awaken, rouse. 1511 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ὀξύς, sharp, keen; quick to anger, hasty, passionate; of motion, quick, swift. 1512 masc. acc. sing. of Ἄρης. 129

O Most Glorious Son of Atreus, Lord of Men,

Let us not stand here talking for a long time now,

For as yet we have put off God’s work for far too long already.

But come on! Let the heralds call together

The bronze-clad Achaean men down by the ships,

Let’s go as a crowd down to the sprawling Achaean army

In order to arouse Ares the Angry quicker.

130

Ὣς ἔφατ᾽,1513 οὐδ᾽ ἀπίθησεν1514 ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων.

Αὐτίκα1515 κηρύκεσσι1516 λιγυφθόγγοισι1517 κέλευσε1518

κηρύσσειν1519 πόλεμον δὲ κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς,

οἳ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον,1520 τοὶ δ᾽ ἠγείροντο1521 μάλ᾽ ὦκα.1522

(445) Οἳ δ᾽ ἀμφ᾽ Ἀτρεΐωνα1523 Διοτρεφέες1524 βασιλῆες

θῦνον1525 κρίνοντες,1526 μετὰ δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη

αἰγίδ᾽1527 ἔχουσ᾽1528 ἐρίτιμον1529 ἀγήρων1530 ἀθανάτην1531 τε,

τῆς ἑκατὸν1532 θύσανοι1533 παγχρύσεοι1534 ἠερέθονται,1535

πάντες ἐϋπλεκέες,1536 ἑκατόμβοιος1537 δὲ ἕκαστος,1538

1513 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of φημί. 1514 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀπιθέω. 1515 Adv., forthwith, at once, in a moment. 1516 masc. dat. pl. of κῆρυξ. 1517 Adj., masc. dat. pl of λιγύφθογγος. 1518 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κελεύω. 1519 pres. act. inf. of κελεύω. 1520 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of κηρύσσω. 1521 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀγείρω. 1522 Adv., quickly. 1523 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀτρείωνα. 1524 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of Διοτρεφής. 1525 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of θύνω, to rush, or to dart along. 1526 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of κρίνω. 1527 fem. acc. sing. of αἰγίς, the aegis on statues of Athena is a short cloak of goat-skin, covered with scales, set with the Gorgon's head, and fringed with snakes. (Liddell and Scott) 1528 fem. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἔχω. 1529 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἐρίτιμος, highly-prized, precious. 1530 fem. acc. sing. of ἀγήραος, ageless. 1531 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἀθάνατος, immortal. 1532 Numeral, one hundred. 1533 masc. nom. pl. of θύσανος, a tassel. 1534 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἠερέθομαι, all-golden, of pure gold. 1535 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἠερέθομαι, hang floating or waving in the air. 1536 Adj., masc. nom. pl of ἐυπλεκής, well plaited. 1537 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἑκατόμβοιος, worth one hundred oxen, worth one Hecatomb. 1538 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἕκαστος. 131

And so he said, and not one man disobeyed Agamemnon, Lord of Men.

And at once by means of the of the clear-voiced heralds heralding

He excited the long-haired Achaeans for the war,

And on account of the heralds officiating, they were gathered together very quickly.

And around the son of Atreus, the Kings Beloved of God

Rushed about dividing them up, and Athena with the Gleaming Eyes

Was among them bearing the precious Aegis, ageless and immortal,

One hundred tassels of pure gold hung floating therefrom,

All of them well plaited, and worth a Hecatomb each,

132

(450) σὺν1539 τῇ1540 παιφάσσουσα1541 διέσσυτο1542 λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν

ὀτρύνουσ᾽1543 ἰέναι,1544 ἐν δὲ σθένος1545 ὦρσεν1546 ἑκάστῳ1547

καρδίῃ1548 ἄλληκτον1549 πολεμίζειν1550 ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.1551

Τοῖσι δ᾽ ἄφαρ1552 πόλεμος γλυκίων1553 γένετ᾽1554 ἠὲ νέεσθαι1555

ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι1556 φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.

1539 Prep. + dat., with, along with, in the company with, together with; by means of; Lat., cum. 1540 Adv., here, there. 1541 fem. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of παιφάσσω, to dart, or to rush about. 1542 3rd sing. imperf. mid. ind. of διασεύομαι, to dart through, to rush across. 1543 fem. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ὀτρύνω, stir up, egg on, encourage. 1544 pres. act. inf. of εἶμι. 1545 neut. sing. of σθένος, strength, might. 1546 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὄρνυμι. 1547 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of ἕκαστος. 1548 fem. dat. sing. of καρδία. 1549 Adj., neut. sing. of ἄλληκτος, ceaseless, unabated. 1550 pres. act. inf. of πολεμίζω. 1551 pres. mid./pass. inf. of μάχομαι. 1552 Adv., straight away, forthwith, at once. 1553 Adj., comp., masc. nom. sing. of γλυκύς, sweet to the taste. 1554 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of γίγνομαι. 1555 pres. mid./pass. inf. of νέομαι. 1556 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of γλαφυρός, hollow. 133

With her as she rushes about, darting here and there;

Going about egging on the Achaean men, and in each man’s heart

She aroused tireless strength for battle and war.

And for them, war at once tasted sweeter

Than the going in hollow ships to their dear father land.

134

(455) Ἠΰτε1557 πῦρ ἀΐδηλον1558 ἐπιφλέγει1559 ἄσπετον1560 ὕλην1561

οὔρεος1562 ἐν κορυφῇς,1563 ἕκαθεν1564 δέ τε φαίνεται1565 αὐγή,1566

ὣς τῶν ἐρχομένων1567 ἀπὸ χαλκοῦ1568 θεσπεσίοιο1569

αἴγλη παμφανόωσα1570 δι᾽ αἰθέρος1571 οὐρανὸν1572 ἷκε.1573

1557 Partic., as, like as; in similes for ὡς ὅτε. (Liddell and Scott) 1558 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀίδηλος, making unseen, annihilating, destroying. 1559 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐπιφλέγω, to burn up. 1560 Adj., neut. sing. of ἄσπετος, unspeakable. 1561 fem. acc. sing. of ὕλη, a forest. 1562 neut. gen. sing. of ὄρος, a mountain. 1563 fem. dat. pl. of κορυφή, a mountain peak. 1564 Adv., from afar. 1565 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of φαίνω. 1566 fem. nom. sing. of αὐγή, light, sun light. 1567 neut. gen. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἔρχομαι. 1568 neut. gen. sing. of χαλκός. 1569 Adj., neut. gen. sing. of θεσπέσιος, divinely sounding, divinely sweet. 1570 fem. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of παμφανόων, brilliantly shining, bright shining, radiantly shining. 1571 masc. gen. sing. of αἰθήρ. 1572 masc. acc. sing. of οὐρανός. 1573 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἵκω, come. 135

Just as fire burning up a forest on the peaks of a mountain,

And there is unspeakable destruction, and its light shines from afar,

Thus, from their going, from their divinely shining bronze,

Does the brilliantly radiating light come through the Aether to Heaven.

136

Τῶν δ᾽ ὥς τ᾽ ὀρνίθων1574 πετεηνῶν1575 ἔθνεα1576 πολλὰ

(460) χηνῶν1577 ἢ γεράνων1578 ἢ κύκνων1579 δουλιχοδείρων1580

Ἀσίω1581 ἐν λειμῶνι1582 Καϋστρίου1583 ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα1584

ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ποτῶνται1585 ἀγαλλόμενα1586 πτερύγεσσι1587

κλαγγηδὸν1588 προκαθιζόντων,1589 σμαραγεῖ1590 δέ τε λειμών,1591

ὣς τῶν ἔθνεα1592 πολλὰ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων

(465) ἐς πεδίον1593 προχέοντο1594 Σκαμάνδριον,1595 αὐτὰρ ὑπὸ χθὼν1596

σμερδαλέον1597 κονάβιζε1598 ποδῶν αὐτῶν τε καὶ ἵππων.

1574 masc./fem. gen. pl of ὄρνις, a bird. 1575 Adj., masc./fem. gen. pl. of πετεινός, able to fly, winged birds. 1576 neut. pl. of ἔθνος, a flock. 1577 masc./fem. gen. pl. of χήν, a goose. 1578 masc./fem. gen. pl. of γέρανος, a crane. 1579 masc./fem. gen. pl. of κύκνος, a swan. 1580 Adj., masc./fem. gen. pl. of δουλιχόδειρος, long-necked. 1581 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of Ἄσιος, Asian. 1582 masc. dat. sing. of λειμών, a meadow. 1583 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of Καύστριος, of or from the river Cayster in Lydia. 1584 neut. pl. of ῥεῖθρον, that which flows, a river, stream. 1585 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ποτάομαι, to fly hither and thither. 1586 neut. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἀγάλλω, to glorify, or to exhalt. 1587 fem. dat. pl. of πτέρυξ, a wing. 1588 Adv., noisily. 1589 masc. gen. pl. pres. act. part. of προκαθίζω, to perch upon, or to alight before, settle before. 1590 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of σμαραγέω, to crash like thunder, to roar like the sea, or scream like a crane. 1591 masc. nom. sing. of λειμών. 1592 neut. pl. of ἔθνος. 1593 neut. sing. of πεδίον, a plain. 1594 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of προχέω, to pour forth. 1595 Adj., neut. sing. of Σκαμάνδριος, Scamandrian. 1596 fem. nom. sing. of χθών, the earth, or the ground. 1597 Adv. (σμερδαλέος), terrible to look on, fearful, aweful, direful; terrible to hear; in neut. as Adv., terribly. (Liddell and Scott) 1598 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κοναβίζω (κοναβέω), resound, clash, ring. 137

And they were like many flocks of flying long-necked birds,

Either geese, or cranes, or swans on their wings flying hither and thither

In a meadow beside the glorious streams of the Asian River Cayster,

And the meadow roars like the ocean on account of their noisy

Flying up and perching to the fore.

And so many companies of men from the ships and the huts poured forth

On to the Scamandrian plain, and the ground rumbled terribly

From the feet of the men and the horses.

138

Ἔσταν1599 δ᾽ ἐν λειμῶνι1600 Σκαμανδρίῳ1601 ἀνθεμόεντι1602

μυρίοι,1603 ὅσσά1604 τε φύλλα1605 καὶ ἄνθεα1606 γίγνεται1607 ὥρῃ.1608

Ἠΰτε1609 μυιάων1610 ἁδινάων1611 ἔθνεα πολλὰ

(470) αἵ τε κατὰ σταθμὸν1612 ποιμνήϊον1613 ἠλάσκουσιν1614

ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ1615 ὅτε1616 τε γλάγος1617 ἄγγεα1618 δεύει,1619

τόσσοι1620 ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ

ἐν πεδίῳ1621 ἵσταντο1622 διαρραῖσαι1623 μεμαῶτες.1624

1599 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι. 1600 masc. dat. sing. of λειμών. 1601 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of Σκαμάνδριος. 1602 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of ἀνθεμόεις, flowery. 1603 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of μυρίος, numberless, countless, infinite. 1604 Adj., neut. pl. of ὅσος, so much, so great, so many. 1605 neut. pl. of φύλλον, a leaf. 1606 neut. pl. of ἄνθος, a blossom or a flower. 1607 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of γίγνομαι. 1608 fem. dat. sing. of ὥρα, any time or period of time, whether of the year, month, or day; Lat., hora. 1609 Partic., like or as. 1610 fem. gen. pl. of μυῖα, a fly; Lat., musca. 1611 Adj., fem. gen. pl. of ἁδινός, close, thick. 1612 masc. acc. sing. of σταθμός, a standing place for animals, a stable, fold, or a stye; Lat., stabulum. 1613 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ποιμνήιος, of a flock or a herd. 1614 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ἠλάσκω, to wander, to stray, or to roam. 1615 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of ἐαρινός, of Spring; εἰαρινὴ ὥρη = spring-time; Lat., vernus (Liddell and Scott) 1616 Conj., when, at the time when. 1617 neut. sing. of γλάγος, milk. 1618 neut. pl. of ἄγγος, a vessel of various kinds, a jar to hold milk. 1619 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of δέω. 1620 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of τόσος, so great, so vast. 1621 neut. dat. sing. of πεδίον. 1622 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἵστημι. 1623 aor. act. inf. of διαρραίω, to dash in pieces, to destroy. 1624 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of μέμαα, to wish eagerly, strive, yearn, desire; to be bent on doing, to purpose. 139

And the infinite multitude was standing in a flowery Scamandrian meadow,

And on that day there happened to be just as many leaves and flowers.

And the companies of men were as thick as flies,

And they were wandering about like a herd of animals in a stable,

And it was spring-time when milk lacks jars,

So numerous were the long-haired Achaeans standing on the plain at Troy

Earnestly wanting to destroy it.

140

Τοὺς δ᾽ ὥς τ᾽ αἰπόλια1625 πλατέ᾽1626 αἰγῶν1627 αἰπόλοι1628 ἄνδρες1629

(475) ῥεῖα1630 διακρίνωσιν1631 ἐπεί κε νομῷ1632 μιγέωσιν,1633

ὣς τοὺς ἡγεμόνες1634 διεκόσμεον1635 ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα

ὑσμίνην1636 δ᾽ ἰέναι,1637 μετὰ δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων

ὄμματα1638 καὶ κεφαλὴν1639 ἴκελος1640 Διὶ1641 τερπικεραύνῳ,1642

Ἄρεϊ1643 δὲ ζώνην,1644 στέρνον1645 δὲ Ποσειδάωνι.1646

1625 neut. pl. of αἰπόλιον, a herd of goats. 1626 Adj., neut. pl. of πλατύς, wide, broad; of herds, large or widespread. (Liddell and Scott) 1627 masc./fem. gen. pl. of αἴξ, a goat. 1628 masc. nom. pl. of αἰπόλος, a goatherd. 1629 masc. nom. pl. of ἀνήρ. 1630 Adv., easily, lightly. 1631 3rd pl. pres. act. subj. of διακρίνω, separating them from one another into tribes, etc. Cf., supra, l. 2.362. 1632 masc. dat. sing. of νομός, place of pasture. 1633 3rd pl. aor. pass. subj. of μίγνυμι, to mix, mix up, mingle, properly of liquids; Lat., misceo. 1634 masc. nom. pl. of ἡγεμών, the one who leads, the hegemon. 1635 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of διακοσμέω, to divide, to marshall, or array troops for combat. 1636 fem. acc. sing. of ὑσμίνη. 1637 pres. act. inf. of εἶμι. 1638 neut. pl. of ὄμμα, an eye. 1639 fem. acc. sing. of κεφαλή. 1640 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἴκελος, like, resembling. 1641 masc. dat. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 1642 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of τερπικέραυνος, delighting in thunder. 1643 masc. dat. sing. of Ἄρης. 1644 fem. acc. sing. of ζώνη, a belt, or a girdle; the man’s belt; the waist. 1645 neut. sing. of στέρνον, breast, chest. 1646 masc. dat. sing. of Ποσειδῶν, Poseidon. 141

And men acting as goatherds easily separated the men out

Just as vast herds of goats mingling in a pasture,

Thus the leaders went about marshalling the men for combat tribe by tribe

And Lord Agamemnon was among them,

And his head and eyes were like that of Zeus Delighting in Thunder,

His waist like that of Ares, his chest like that of Poseidon.

142

(480) Ἠΰτε βοῦς1647 ἀγέληφι1648 μέγ᾽1649 ἔξοχος1650 ἔπλετο1651 πάντων

ταῦρος,1652 ὃ γάρ τε βόεσσι1653 μεταπρέπει1654 ἀγρομένῃσι,1655

τοῖον1656 ἄρ᾽ Ἀτρεΐδην1657 θῆκε1658 Ζεὺς1659 ἤματι1660 κείνῳ1661

ἐκπρεπέ᾽1662 ἐν πολλοῖσι1663 καὶ ἔξοχον1664 ἡρώεσσιν.1665

1647 masc. nom. sing. of βοῦς, an ox, a bull, or a cow. 1648 fem. dat. pl. of ἀγέλη, a herd. 1649 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας, to be proud. (Autenrieth) 1650 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἔξοχος, standing out, jutting out. 1651 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of πέλω, come into existence, become, be. 1652 masc. nom. sing. of ταῦρος, a bull. 1653 fem. dat. pl. of βοῦς. 1654 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of μεταπρέπω, to distinguish oneself. 1655 fem. dat. pl. aor. mid. part. of ἀγείρω. 1656 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of τοῖος. 1657 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀτρείδης. 1658 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίθημι. 1659 masc. nom. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 1660 neut. dat. sing. of ἦμαρ. 1661 Adj., neut. sing. of κεῖνος, that those. 1662 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐκπρέπω, to be excellent in a thing. 1663 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of πολύς. 1664 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἔξοχος. 1665 masc. dat. pl. of ἥρως. 143

Like a bull proudly standing out coming to be the bull over the whole herd,

For he distinguished himself by gathering together the herd,

Such like did Zeus make the son of Atreus to be most excellent on that day,

And made him stand out among the many other heros.

144

Ἔσπετε1666 νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι1667 Ὀλύμπια1668 δώματ᾽1669 ἔχουσαι,1670

(485) ὑμεῖς1671 γὰρ Θεαί1672 ἐστε1673 πάρεστέ1674 τε ἴστέ1675 τε πάντα,1676

ἡμεῖς δὲ κλέος1677 οἶον1678 ἀκούομεν1679 οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν.1680

Οἵ τινες1681 ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν καὶ κοίρανοι ἦσαν;1682

1666 2nd pl. aor. act. imper. of εἶπον. 1667 fem. voc. pl. of Μοῦσα, a Muse. 1668 Adj., neut. voc. pl. of Ὀλύμπιος. 1669 neut. voc. pl. of δῶμα. 1670 fem. voc. pl. pres. act. part. of ἔχω. 1671 Pron., 2nd nom. pl. of σύ. 1672 fem. nom. pl. of Θεά, a Goddess. 1673 2nd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 1674 2nd pl. pres. act. ind. of πάρειμι, to be by, or to be present, to be. 1675 2nd pl. perf. act. ind. of οἶδα. 1676 Adj., neut. pl. of πᾶς. 1677 neut. sing. of κλέος. 1678 Adj., neut. sing. of οἶος. 1679 1st pl. pres. act. ind. of ἀκούω. 1680 1st pl. perf. act. ind. of οἶδα. 1681 Interrog., masc. nom. pl. of τίς? 1682 3rd pl. imperf. act, ind. of εἰμί. 145

Tell me now O ye Muses dwelling in Olympian homes,

Because you are Goddesses and you are present here right now

And you know everything, and we hear only rumor, and know not one thing.

Who were the kings and the leaders of the Danaäns?

146

Πληθὺν1683 δ᾽ οὐκ ἂν ἐγὼ μυθήσομαι1684 οὐδ᾽ ὀνομήνω,1685

οὐδ᾽ εἴ μοι1686 δέκα μὲν γλῶσσαι,1687 δέκα δὲ στόματ᾽1688 εἶεν,1689

(490) φωνὴ1690 δ᾽ ἄρρηκτος,1691 χάλκεον1692 δέ μοι ἦτορ1693 ἐνείη,1694

εἰ μὴ Ὀλυμπιάδες1695 Μοῦσαι Διὸς1696 αἰγιόχοιο

θυγατέρες μνησαίαθ᾽1697 ὅσοι1698 ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθον,1699

ἀρχοὺς αὖ1700 νηῶν ἐρέω1701 νῆάς τε προπάσας.1702

1683 fem. acc. sing. of πληθύς, the throng, or the crowd. 1684 1st sing. aor. mid. subj. of μυθέομαι, to say, to speak; to tell of, or to recount. 1685 1st sing. aor. act. subj. of ὀνομαίνω, to name, to call by name. 1686 Pron., 1st masc. dat. sing. of ἐγώ. 1687 fem. nom. pl. of γλῶσσα, the tongue, a language. 1688 neut. pl. of στόμα, the mouth. 1689 3rd pl. pres. act. opt. of εἰμί. 1690 fem. nom. sing. of φωνή. 1691 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ἄρρηκτος, unbroken, not to be broken. 1692 Adj., neut. sing. of χάλκεος. 1693 neut. sing. of ἦτορ, the heart. 1694 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of ἦτορ, to send in or into. 1695 fem. nom. pl. of Ὀλυμπιάς, Olympian. 1696 masc. gen. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 1697 3rd pl. aor. mid. opt. of μιμνήσκω, to remind, to put in mind. 1698 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ὅσος. 1699 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἔρχομαι. 1700 Adv., again, anew, afresh, once more. 1701 1st sing. fut. act. ind. of ἐρῶ, I will say, I will speak. 1702 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of πρόπας, all. 147

But of the crowd? I couldn’t recount, not even name them

If I had ten mouths with ten tounges, and an unwavering voice,

And a bronze sword sticking into my heart,

But not the Olympian Muses daughters of the Aegis-bearing Zeus,

They can recall the great men that came to Troy,

Once again I shall speak the names of the ships and their captains.

148

Βοιωτῶν1703 μὲν Πηνέλεως καὶ Λήϊτος ἦρχον1704

(495) Ἀρκεσίλαός1705 τε Προθοήνωρ1706 τε Κλονίος1707 τε,

οἵ θ᾽ Ὑρίην1708 ἐνέμοντο1709 καὶ Αὐλίδα1710 πετρήεσσαν1711

Σχοῖνόν1712 τε Σκῶλόν1713 τε πολύκνημόν1714 τ᾽ Ἐτεωνόν,1715

Θέσπειαν1716 Γραῖάν1717 τε καὶ εὐρύχορον1718 Μυκαλησσόν,1719

οἵ τ᾽ ἀμφ᾽ Ἅρμ᾽1720 ἐνέμοντο καὶ Εἰλέσιον1721 καὶ Ἐρυθράς,1722

1703 masc. gen. pl. of Βοιωτός, a Boeotian. 1704 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 1705 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀρκεσίλαος, Arcesialus. 1706 masc. nom. sing. of Προθοήνωρ, Prothoenor. 1707 masc. nom. sing. of Κλονίος, Clonius. 1708 fem. acc. sing. of Ὑρίη, Hyria, a town in Boeotia on the Eurīpus. (Autenrieth) 1709 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω, to dwell or inhabit. 1710 fem. acc. sing. of Αὐλίς. 1711 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of πετρήεις, rocky. 1712 fem. acc. sing. of Σχοῖνος, Schoenus, a town on a river of the same name in Boeotia. (Autentieth) 1713 fem. acc. sing. of Σκῶλος, Scolus, a place in Boeotia. (Ibid.) 1714 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of πολύκνημος, mountainous. 1715 masc. acc. sing. of Ἐτεωνός, Eteonus, a town in Boeotia. (Ibid.) 1716 fem. acc. sing. of Θέσπεια, Thespia, a town in Boeotia. (Ibid.) 1717 fem. acc. sing. of Γραῖα, Graea. 1718 fem acc. sing. of εὐρύχορος, with broad places, spacious. 1719 fem. acc. sing. of Μυκαλησσός, Mycalessus 1720 neut. sing. of Ἅρμα, Harma, a town in Boeotia 1721 neut. sing. of Εἰλέσιον, Eilesium, a town in Boeotia. 1722 fem. acc. pl. of Ἐρυθρός, a city in Ionia. 149

Penelos an Leitus were the leaders of the Boeotians,

And Arcesilaus, Prothoenor, and Clonius,

And those dwelling in Hyria and rocky Aulis,

And Schoenus and Scolus and Eteonus the Mountainous,

Thespia, Graea, and spacious Mycalessus,

And they dwelled around Harma and Eilesium and Erythrae, 150

(500) οἵ τ᾽ Ἐλεῶν᾽1723 εἶχον1724 ἠδ᾽ Ὕλην1725 καὶ Πετεῶνα,1726

Ὠκαλέην1727 Μεδεῶνά1728 τ᾽ ἐϋκτίμενον1729 πτολίεθρον,1730

Κώπας1731 Εὔτρησίν1732 τε πολυτρήρωνά1733 τε Θίσβην,1734

οἵ τε Κορώνειαν1735 καὶ ποιήενθ᾽1736 Ἁλίαρτον,1737

οἵ τε Πλάταιαν1738 ἔχον1739 ἠδ᾽ οἳ Γλισᾶντ᾽1740 ἐνέμοντο,

(505) οἵ θ᾽ Ὑποθήβας1741 εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,

1723 masc. acc. sing. of Ἐλεών, Eleon. 1724 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 1725 fem. acc. sing. of Ὕλη, Hyle, a town in Boeotia. (Autenrieth) 1726 masc. acc. sing. of Πετεών, Peteon, a village in Boeotia. (Ibid.) 1727 fem. acc. sing. of Ὠκαλέη, Ocalea. 1728 masc. acc. sing. of Μεδεών, a town in Boeotia. (Ibid.) 1729 Adj., neut. sing. of ἐυκτίμενος, well-built. 1730 neut. sing. of πτολίεθρον, a citadel. 1731 fem. acc. pl. of Κῶπαι, Copae, an old city on the north side of lake Copāis. (Liddell and Scott) 1732 fem. acc. sing. of Εὔτρησις, Eutresis, a village in Boeotia. (Autenrieth) 1733 fem. acc. sing. of πολυτρήρων, abounding in doves. 1734 fem. acc. sing. of Θίσβη, Thisbe, a town in Boeotia. (Autenrieth) 1735 fem. acc. sing. of Κορώνεια, Coronēa, a city in Boeotia, south of lake Copāis. (Liddell and Scott) 1736 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ποιήεις, grassy. 1737 masc. acc. sing. of Ἁλίαρτος, Haliartus, a town in Boeotia. (Autenrieth) 1738 fem. acc. sing. of Πλάταια, Plataea, a town in Boeotia. (Ibid.) 1739 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 1740 masc. acc. sing. of Γλίσας, Glisas, a town in Boeotia. (Ibid.) 1741 fem. acc. pl. of Ὑποθῆβαι, Hypothebe, Lower Thebes. Citadel of Thebes: Homer seems to imply the upper citadel, Thebes proper, no longer exists, no doubt because of the war of the Seven Against Thebes. Powell, Barry B., Homer the Iliad: Translation, Introduction, and Notes, Foreword by Ian Morris, New York: Oxford University Press: 2014. 151

And they who held Eleon and Hyle and Peteon,

Ocalea and Medeon of the Well-Built Citadel,

Copae and Eutresis Abounding in Doves, and Thisbe,

And living around Coronea and The Grassy Hiliartus,

They held Plataea and inhabited Glisas,

And the held Lower Thebes of the Well-Built Citadel,

152

Ὀγχηστόν1742 θ᾽ ἱερὸν1743 Ποσιδήϊον1744 ἀγλαὸν1745 ἄλσος,1746

οἵ τε πολυστάφυλον1747 Ἄρνην1748 ἔχον, οἵ τε Μίδειαν1749

Νῖσάν1750 τε ζαθέην1751 Ἀνθηδόνα1752 τ᾽ ἐσχατόωσαν,1753

τῶν μὲν πεντήκοντα1754 νέες1755 κίον,1756 ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ

(510) κοῦροι1757 Βοιωτῶν1758 ἑκατὸν1759 καὶ εἴκοσι1760 βαῖνον.1761

1742 masc. acc. sing. of Ὀγχηστός, Onchestus, a town on Lake Copāis in Boeotia, with a grove of Poseidon. (Autenrieth) 1743 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἱερός, divine, sacred, holy. 1744 Adj., neut. sing. of Ποσιδήιος, sacred to Poseidon. 1745 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀγλαός. 1746 neut. sing. of ἄλσος, a grove. 1747 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of πολυστάφυλος, rich in grapes. 1748 fem. acc. sing. of Ἄρνη, Arne, a city in Boeotia. (Autenrieth) 1749 fem. acc. sing. of Μίδεια, Mideia, a town in Boeotia on Lake Copāis. (Autenrieth) 1750 fem. acc. sing. of Νῖσα, a village on Mt. Helicon in Boeotia. (Autenrieth) 1751 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ζάθεος, very divine, very sacred. 1752 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀνθηδών, Anthedon, a town in Boeotia, on the Eurīpus. (Autenrieth) 1753 fem. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐσχατάω, to be at the edge, to be on the border, to be on the frontier. 1754 Numeral, fifty. 1755 fem. nom. pl. of ναῦς. 1756 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of κίω, to go. 1757 masc. nom. sing. of κοῦρος, a son. 1758 masc. gen. pl. of Βοιωτός. 1759 Numeral, one hundred. 1760 Numeral, twenty. 1761 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of βαίνω. 153

And Holy Onchestus and the famous grove sacred to Poseidon,

And they who held Arne the Rich in Grapes, and Mideia,

And Nisa the Very Divine, and the Frontier Anthedon,

Fifty ships went, and in each, one hundred and twenty

Sons of the Boeotians departed.

154

Οἳ δ᾽ Ἀσπληδόνα1762 ναῖον1763 ἰδ᾽1764 Ὀρχομενὸν1765 Μινύειον,1766

τῶν ἦρχ᾽1767 Ἀσκάλαφος1768 καὶ Ἰάλμενος1769 υἷες1770 Ἄρηος1771

οὓς τέκεν1772 Ἀστυόχη1773 δόμῳ Ἄκτορος1774 Ἀζεΐδαο,1775

παρθένος1776 αἰδοίη1777 ὑπερώϊον1778 εἰσαναβᾶσα1779

(515) Ἄρηϊ1780 κρατερῷ,1781 ὃ1782 δέ οἱ1783 παρελέξατο1784 λάθρῃ,1785

τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα1786 γλαφυραὶ1787 νέες ἐστιχόωντο.1788

1762 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀσπληδών, Aspledon, a town in Boeotia. (Autenrieth) 1763 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναίω. 1764 Conj. (ἰδέ), and. 1765 masc. acc. sing. of Ὀρχομενός, Orchomenus, (1) Μινύειος, Minyian, a very ancient city on Lake Copāis in Boeotia, seat of the treasure-house of Minyas, Il. 2.511, Od. 11.284; (2) a city in Arcadia, Il. 2.605. (Autenrieth) 1766 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of Μινύειος, or Μινυήιος, Minyeian, belonging to the ancient stock of the Minyae in Orchomenus, Od. 11.284 and Il. 2.511. (Autenrieth) 1767 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 1768 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀσκάλαφος, a son of Ares, one of the Argonauts. 1769 masc. nom. sing. of Ἰάλμενος, Ialmenus, a son of Ares, leader of Boeotians, Il. 2.512, Il. 9.82. (Autenrieth) 1770 masc. nom. pl. of υἱός. 1771 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄρης. 1772 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίκτω. 1773 fem. nom. sing. of Ἀστυόχη, Astyoche, mother of Ascalaphus and Ialmenus. 1774 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄκτωρ, Actor, son of Azeus. 1775 masc. gen. sing of Ἀζεΐδης, son of Azeus. 1776 fem. nom. sing. of παρθένος, maiden girl. 1777 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of αἰδοῖος, revered. 1778 neut. sing. of ὑπερῷον, the upper part of the house, the upper story or upper rooms, where the women resided. (Liddell and Scott) 1779 fem. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἰσαναβαίνω, to go up to or into. 1780 masc. dat. sing. of Ἄρης. 1781 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of κρατερός. 1782 Art., masc. nom. sing. of ὁ. 1783 Pron., fem. dat. sing. of ἕ. 1784 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of παραλέγω, in Mid. to lie beside or with another. (Liddell and Scott) 1785 Adv., secretly, by stealth. 1786 Numeral, thirty. 1787 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of γλαφυρός. 1788 3rd pl imperf. mid./pass. ind. of στιχάομαι, to march in rows or ranks, esp. of soldiers; of ships in line; of shepherds with their herds. (Liddell and Scott) 155

And those men lived in Aspledon and Minyan Orchomenus,

Their leader was Ascalaphus, and Ialmenus, sons of Ares,

They were begotten in the House of Acto,r son of Azeus,

Brought forth into this world by Astyoche in the House of Actor son of Azeus

A revered maiden girl went up into her room with the mighty Ares,

And by stealth her lay with her, and with those men was a line of thirty ships.

156

Αὐτὰρ Φωκήων1789 Σχεδίος1790 καὶ Ἐπίστροφος1791 ἦρχον1792

υἷες Ἰφίτου1793 μεγαθύμου1794 Ναυβολίδαο.1795

Οἳ Κυπάρισσον1796 ἔχον1797 Πυθῶνά1798 τε πετρήεσσαν1799

(520) Κρῖσάν1800 τε ζαθέην1801 καὶ Δαυλίδα1802 καὶ Πανοπῆα,1803

οἵ τ᾽ Ἀνεμώρειαν1804 καὶ Ὑάμπολιν1805 ἀμφενέμοντο,1806

οἵ τ᾽ ἄρα πὰρ ποταμὸν1807 Κηφισὸν1808 Δῖον1809 ἔναιον,1810

οἵ τε Λίλαιαν1811 ἔχον πηγῇς1812 ἔπι Κηφισοῖο,1813

τοῖς δ᾽ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα1814 μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.1815

1789 masc. gen. pl. of Φωκεύς, a Phocian. 1790 masc. nom. sing. of Σχεδίος, Schedius. 1791 masc. nom. sing. of Ἐπίστροφος, Epistrophus. 1792 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 1793 masc. gen. sing. of Ἴφιτος, Iphitus. 1794 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of μεγάθυμος, (μεγά + θυμος), great-hearted, big-hearted, high-spirited. 1795 masc. gen. sing. of Ναυβολίδης, son of Naubolus. 1796 fem. acc. sing. of κυπάρισσος, cypress. 1797 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 1798 fem. acc. sing. of κυπάρισσος, Kyparissos. 1799 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of πετρήεις, rocky. 1800 fem. acc. sing. of Κρῖσα, Crisa. 1801 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ζάθεος. 1802 fem. acc. sing. of Δαυλίς, Daulis, a city in Phocis 1803 masc. acc. sing. of Πανοπεύς, Panopeus, a city in Phocis, on the River Kephissos (Κηφισός). (Autenrieth) 1804 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀνεμώρεια, Anemonia, a town in Phocis. (Autenrieth) 1805 fem. acc. sing. of Ὑάμπολις, Hyampolis, a town in Phocis, on the Kephissos. (Autenrieth) 1806 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀμφινέμομαι, dwell around. 1807 masc. acc. sing. of ποταμός. 1808 masc. acc. sing. of Κηφισός, the River Kephissos. 1809 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of Δῖος. 1810 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναίω. 1811 fem. acc. sing. of Λίλαια, Lilaila, a town in Phocis, at the source of the Kephissos. (Autenrieth) 1812 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of πηγός, well put together, solid, strong. 1813 masc. gen. sing. of Κηφισός. 1814 Numeral, forty. 1815 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. ἕπομαι, to follow. 157

But nevertheless, the leaders of the Phocians were Schedios and Epistrophos,

Sons of the Big-Hearted Iphistus son of Naubolus.

They held Kyparissos and Rocky Delphi,

Divine Krisa, and Daulis, and Paeopeus,

And they lived around Anemoreia and Hayampolis,

And dwelled beside the River Kephissos Divine,

And forty black ships came following them.

158

(525) Οἳ μὲν Φωκήων1816 στίχας1817 ἵστασαν1818 ἀμφιέποντες,1819

Βοιωτῶν δ᾽ ἔμπλην1820 ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερὰ1821 θωρήσσοντο.1822

Λοκρῶν1823 δ᾽ ἡγεμόνευεν1824 Ὀϊλῆος1825 ταχὺς1826 Αἴας

μείων,1827 οὔ τι τόσος1828 γε ὅσος1829 Τελαμώνιος1830 Αἴας

ἀλλὰ πολὺ μείων, ὀλίγος1831 μὲν ἔην1832 λινοθώρηξ,1833

(530) ἐγχείῃ1834 δ᾽ ἐκέκαστο1835 Πανέλληνας1836 καὶ Ἀχαιούς.1837

1816 masc. gen. pl. of Φωκεύς. 1817 fem. acc. pl. of στίξ, a row, line, rank or file, esp. of soldiers. (Liddell and Scott) 1818 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἵστημι. 1819 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of ἀμφιέπω, to go about, be all round, encompass. 1820 Adv., near, next, close by. 1821 Adj., neut. pl. of ἀριστερός, left, on the left. 1822 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of θωρήσσω. 1823 Adj., masc. gen. pl of Λοκρός. 1824 pres. act. inf. of ἡγεμονεύω, to be or act as ἡγεμών, to go before, lead the way. 1825 masc. gen. sing. of Ὀϊλεύς, Oïleus. 1826 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ταχύς. 1827 Adj., comp., masc. nom. sing. of μείων, lesser, less. 1828 Adj. masc. nom sing. of τόσος, so great, so vast; in pl., so many. 1829 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ὅσος, as great as, how great. 1830 masc. nom. sing. of Τελαμών, Telamon, the son of Aeacus, brother of Peleus, king in Salamis, and father of Ajax and Teucer. (Autenrieth) 1831 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ὀλίγος, little, small, few. 1832 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 1833 masc. nom. sing. of λινοθώρηξ, wearing a linen cuirass—a pice of armor consisting of breatplate and backplate fatened together. 1834 fem. dat. sing. of ἐγχείη, a spear, a lance. 1835 3rd sing. pluperf. mid./pass. ind. of καίνυμαι, to surpass, to excel. 1836 masc. acc. pl. of Πανέλληνες, all the Hellens. 1837 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of Ἀχαιός. 159

The Phocian men busing about stood in a line

Next to the Boeotians, on the left, under arms.

And the Locrians were led by Swift Ajax, the Lesser, son of Oïleus,

He was not as great as Ajax Telamon, but much lesser,

A small man wearing a linen cuirass, but with a spear

He surpassed all the Greek and the Achaeans.

160

Οἳ Κῦνόν1838 τ᾽ ἐνέμοντ᾽1839 Ὀπόεντά1840 τε Καλλίαρόν1841 τε

Βῆσσάν1842 τε Σκάρφην1843 τε καὶ Αὐγειὰς1844 ἐρατεινὰς1845

Τάρφην1846 τε Θρόνιον1847 τε Βοαγρίου1848 ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα,1849

τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα1850 τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο1851

(535) Λοκρῶν1852 οἳ ναίουσι1853 πέρην1854 ἱερῆς1855 Εὐβοίης.1856

1838 masc. acc. sing. of Κῦνος, a harbor-town of Locris. (Autenrieth) 1839 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω. 1840 fem. acc. sing. of Ὀπόεις, Opus, a city in Locris, the home of Menoetius, father of Patroclus. (Autenreith) 1841 fem. acc. sing. of Καλλίαρος, Kalliaros, a town in Locris. (Autenrieth) 1842 fem. acc. sing. of Βῆσσα, a town in Locris. (Autenrieth) 1843 fem. acc. sing. of Σκάρφη, Skarphe, a place in Locris, near Thermopylae. (Autenrieth) 1844 fem. acc. pl. of Αὐγειαί, Augeiae, a town in Locris. (Autenrieth) 1845 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of ἐρατεινός, lovely, charming. 1846 fem. acc. sing. of Τάρφη, Tarphe, a town in Locris. (Autenrieth) 1847 neut. sing. of Θρόνιον, Thronion, a town of the Locrians. (Autenrieth) 1848 masc. gen. sing. of Βοάγριος, Boagrios, a river in Locris. (Autenrieth) 1849 neut. pl. of ῥεῖθρον. 1850 Prep. + dat., together with. 1851 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕπομαι. 1852 masc. gen. pl. of Λοκροί, the Locrians. 1853 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ναίω. 1854 Adv., on the other side, across, beyond; Lat., trans. (Liddell and Scott) 1855 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of ἱερός, holy, hallowed; Lat., sacer. (Liddell and Scott) 1856 fem. gen. sing. of Εὔβοια, Euboea, the island separated from Boeotia by the Eurīpus, named by Homer as the home of the Abantes. (Autenrieth) 161

They inhabited Kynos, Opus, and Kalliaros

And Bessa, Skarphe, and Augeiae, the Lovely,

And Tarphe and Thronion, around the streams of the River Boagrios,

And along with him followed forty black ships of the Locrians

Who live across from Euboea the Holy.

162

Οἳ δ᾽ Εὔβοιαν ἔχον μένεα1857 πνείοντες1858 Ἄβαντες1859

Χαλκίδα1860 τ᾽ Εἰρέτριάν1861 τε πολυστάφυλόν1862 θ᾽ Ἱστίαιαν1863

Κήρινθόν1864 τ᾽ ἔφαλον1865 Δίου1866 τ᾽ αἰπὺ1867 πτολίεθρον,

οἵ τε Κάρυστον1868 ἔχον ἠδ᾽ οἳ Στύρα1869 ναιετάασκον,1870

(540) τῶν αὖθ᾽1871 ἡγεμόνευ᾽1872 Ἐλεφήνωρ1873 ὄζος1874 Ἄρηος1875

Χαλκωδοντιάδης1876 μεγαθύμων1877 ἀρχὸς Ἀβάντων.

1857 Adj., neut. pl. of μένος, might, force; strength, prowess, courage. (Liddell and Scott) μένος, εος, impulse, will, spirit, might, courage, martial fury, rage (noble or otherwise), pl. μένεα πνείοντες, “breathing might.” (Autenrieth) 1858 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of πνέω, of wind and air, to blow; to breathe, send forth an odor; generally, to draw breath, breathe, and so to live. (Liddell and Scott) 1859 masc. nom. pl. of Ἄβαντες, a tribe in Euboea. 1860 fem. acc. sing. of Χαλκίς, Chalcis in Euboea, said to have its name from neighbouring copper-mines. (Liddell and Scott) Chalcis, (1) a town in Euboea on the Eurīpus, Il. 2.537; (2) in Aetolia, at the mouth of the Evēnus, Od. 15.295. (Autenrieth) 1861 fem. acc. sing. of Εἰρέτρια, Eretria, a town in Euboea. (Autenrieth) 1862 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of πολυστάφυλος, πολυ + στάφυλος (σταφυλή), with many clusters, rich in grapes, Il. 2.507 and 537. (Autenrieth) 1863 fem. acc. sing. of Ἱστίαια, Histiaia, a city in Euboea. (Autenrieth) 1864 fem. acc. sing. of Κήρινθος, Kerinthos, a town in Euboea, N. E. from Chalcis. (Autenrieth) 1865 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἔφαλος, ἔφ + αλος (ἅλς) = on the salt-sea; on the sea, epith. of maritime cities. (Autenrieth) 1866 neut. gen. sing. of Δίον, a town in Euboea. (Autenrieth) 1867 Adj., neut. sing. of αἰπύς, high and steep, lofty, of cities on heights, as Troy. (Liddell and Scott) 1868 fem. acc. sing. of Κάρυστος, Karystos a town at the southern extremity of Euboea. (Autenrieth) 1869 neut. pl. of Στύρα, a town in Euboea. (Autenrieth) 1870 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναιετάω, to dwell in, or to inhabit. 1871 Adv., here, there. 1872 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 1873 masc. nom. sing. of Ἐλεφήνωρ, Elephenor, son of Chalcōdon, leader of the Abantes. (Autenrieth) 1874 masc. nom. sing. of ὄζος, bough, branch, twig; metaph. an offshoot, scion, ὄζος Ἄρηος, of a famous warrior. (Liddell and Scott) 1875 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄρης. 1876 masc. nom. sing. of Χαλκωδοντιάδης, son of Xalkodon, king of the Abantes. 1877 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of μεγάθυμος. 163

And the Abantes wreaking courage held Euboea

And Xalkis and Eretria and Histiaia Rich in Grapes,

And Kerinthos On the Sea, and the lofty tower of Dion,

And they held Karystos, and they inhabited Styra,

And there their leader Elephenor, Root and Branch of Ares,

Son of Xalkodon, was Archon of the Great-heartedAbantes.

164

Τῷ δ᾽ ἅμ᾽1878 Ἄβαντες ἕποντο1879 θοοὶ1880 ὄπιθεν1881 κομόωντες1882

αἰχμηταὶ1883 μεμαῶτες1884 ὀρεκτῇσιν1885 μελίῃσι1886

θώρηκας1887 ῥήξειν1888 δηΐων1889 ἀμφὶ1890 στήθεσσι,1891

(545) τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.

1878 Adv., at once, at the same time. 1879 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕπομαι. 1880 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of θοός. 1881 Adv., behind, at the back. 1882 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of κομάω. 1883 masc. nom. pl. of αἰχμητής, spearman. 1884 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of μέμαα. 1885 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of stretched out, μελίαι ὀρ. pikes to be presented (not thrown). (Liddell and Scott) 1886 fem. dat. pl. of μελία, the ash tree; Lat. fraximus. (Liddell and Scott) 1887 masc. acc. pl. of θώραξ, a breastplate, cuirass, corslet; Lat. lorica; the breast and back pieces which composed it were called γύαλα, which were fastened by clasps, ὀχεῖς, on both sides. (Liddell and Scott) 1888 fut. act. inf. of ῥήγνυμι, break asunder, rend, shatter. 1889 pres. act. inf. of δηιόω, to cut down, slay; to cleave asunder. 1890 Prep. + dat., for the sake of. 1891 neut. dat. pl. of στῆθος. 165

And the long-haired Abantes at once followed behind him,

Spearmen with their ashen spears outstretched

Eager to shatter breastplates in order to cleave chests asunder,

And forty black ships came together with him.

166

Οἳ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ Ἀθήνας1892 εἶχον1893 ἐϋκτίμενον1894 πτολίεθρον1895

δῆμον1896 Ἐρεχθῆος1897 μεγαλήτορος,1898 ὅν ποτ᾽ Ἀθήνη

θρέψε1899 Διὸς1900 θυγάτηρ, τέκε1901 δὲ ζείδωρος1902 ἄρουρα,1903

κὰδ δ᾽ ἐν Ἀθήνῃς1904 εἷσεν1905 ἑῷ1906 ἐν πίονι1907 νηῷ,1908

(550) ἔνθα1909 δέ μιν ταύροισι1910 καὶ ἀρνειοῖς1911 ἱλάονται1912

κοῦροι1913 Ἀθηναίων1914 περιτελλομένων1915 ἐνιαυτῶν,1916

τῶν αὖθ᾽ ἡγεμόνευ᾽1917 υἱὸς Πετεῶο1918 Μενεσθεύς.1919

1892 fem. gen. sing. of Ἀθῆναι, the city of Athens. 1893 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 1894 Adj., neut. sing. of ἐυκτίμενος. 1895 neut. sing. of πτολίεθρον. 1896 masc. acc. sing. of δῆμος, a country-district, country, land; a Deme. 1897 masc. gen. sing. of Ἐρεχθεύς, the Temple of Erectheus. Erechtheus II was the first king of Athens and built the first citadel there. 1898 masc. gen. sing. of μεγαλήτωρ, (μεγαλ + ήτορ), big hearted, great hearted. 1899 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τρέφω, to bring up or to rear; to let grow, cherish, foster. 1900 masc. gen. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 1901 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίκτω. 1902 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ζείδωρος, zea-giving. Zea, a genus of large grasses having broad ribbon shaped leaves, see Indian corn. 1903 fem. nom. sing. of ἄρουρα, tilled or arable land, seed-land, cornland; Lat. arvum. 1904 fem. dat. pl. of Ἀθῆναι. 1905 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵζω, to make to sit, seat, place. 1906 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of ἑός, his own. 1907 masc. dat. sing. of πίων, of persons and places, rich, wealthy. (Liddell and Scott) 1908 masc. dat. sing. of ναός, the dwelling of a God, a temple. 1909 Adv., there. 1910 masc. dat. pl. of ταῦρος. 1911 masc. dat. pl. of ἀρνειός, a young ram. 1912 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἱλάομαι, (ἱλάσκομαι), to appease. (Liddell and Scott) 1913 masc. nom. pl. of κοῦρος. 1914 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Ἀθηναῖος. 1915 masc. gen. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of περιτέλλομαι, to go around, or to come around. 1916 masc. gen. pl. of ἐνιαυτός, anniversary; any long period of time, a cycle, period; Lat., annus. 1917 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 1918 masc. gen. sing. of Πετεώς, Peteos, son of Orneus, father of Menestheus. (Autenrieth) 1919 masc. nom. sing. of Μενεσθεύς, Menestheus, son of Peteos, leader of the Athenians, renowned as a chariot-fighter. (Autenrieth) 167

And they who held the well-built citadel of Athens,

And the Deme of the Temple of Erectheus, the Great Hearted,

Begotten of a corn field, Athens, Daughter of Zeus, once upon a time, fostered him,

And he made his seat down in Athens in a rich temple,

And there they propitiated him with bulls and lambs,

The sons of the Athenians come around it for his anniversary,

Menestheus son of Peteos led them here.

168

Τῷ1920 δ᾽ οὔ πώ1921 τις ὁμοῖος1922 ἐπιχθόνιος1923 γένετ᾽1924 ἀνὴρ

κοσμῆσαι1925 ἵππους1926 τε καὶ ἀνέρας1927 ἀσπιδιώτας,1928

(555) Νέστωρ οἶος ἔριζεν,1929 ὃ γὰρ προγενέστερος1930 ἦεν,1931

τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα πεντήκοντα1932 μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.

Αἴας δ᾽ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος1933 ἄγεν1934 δυοκαίδεκα1935 νῆας,

στῆσε1936 δ᾽ ἄγων1937 ἵν᾽1938 Ἀθηναίων ἵσταντο1939 φάλαγγες.1940

1920 Art., masc. dat. sing. of ὁ. 1921 Partic, up to this time, yet. 1922 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ὅμοιος, like, resembling, similar; shared alike by both, common; Lat., similis; equal in force, a match for one; Lat., par. (Liddell and Scott) 1923 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἐπιχθόνιος, upon the Earth, earthly. 1924 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of γίγνομαι. 1925 aor. act. inf. of κοσμέω, to order, arrange, esp. to set an army in array, marshal it. 1926 masc. acc. pl. of ἵππος. 1927 masc. acc. pl. of ἀνήρ. 1928 masc. acc. pl. of ἀσπιδιώτης, shield bearing men 1929 pres. act. inf. of ἐρίζω. 1930 Adj., comp., masc. nom. sing. of προγενής, earlier; earlier in birth, i. e. older. (Liddell and Scott) 1931 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 1932 Numeral, fifty. 1933 fem. gen. sing. of Σαλαμίς, Salamis, the island near Athens, home of Telamonian Ajax. 1934 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 1935 Numeral, twelve. 1936 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι. 1937 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἄγω. 1938 Adv./Conj. (ἵνα), as Adv., there, in that place; as Final Conj., that, in order that. 1939 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἵστημι. 1940 fem. nom. pl. of φάλαγξ, line of battle, battle-array; a phalanx. 169

And as yet there has not been any man on Earth like him at arranging horses and shield bearing men,

For once upon a time it was Nestor alone contending,

And along with him came fifty black ships,

And was the established leader there,

And he led them here in order to establish the phalanxes of Athenians.

170

Οἳ δ᾽ Ἄργός1941 τ᾽ εἶχον1942 Τίρυνθά1943 τε τειχιόεσσαν1944

(560) Ἑρμιόνην1945 Ἀσίνην1946 τε, βαθὺν1947 κατὰ κόλπον1948 ἐχούσας,1949

Τροιζῆν᾽1950 Ἠϊόνας1951 τε καὶ ἀμπελόεντ᾽1952 Ἐπίδαυρον,1953

οἵ τ᾽ ἔχον Αἴγιναν1954 Μάσητά1955 τε κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν,

τῶν αὖθ᾽1956 ἡγεμόνευε1957 βοὴν1958 ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης1959

καὶ Σθένελος,1960 Καπανῆος1961 ἀγακλειτοῦ1962 φίλος υἱός,

1941 neut. sing. of Ἄργος. 1942 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 1943 fem. acc. sing. of Τίρυνς, Tiryns, a hill fort with occupation ranging back seven thousand years, from before the beginning of the Bronze Age. It reached its height between 1400 and 1200 BC, when it was one of the most important centers of the Mycenaean world. (Wikipedia) 1944 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of τειχιόεις, walled, well walled, well fortified. (Autenrieth) 1945 fem. acc. sing. of Ἑρμιόνη, Hermione, a city in Argolis. (Autenrieth) 1946 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀσίνη, Asine, a town in Argolis. (Autenrieth) 1947 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of βαθύς. 1948 masc. acc. sing. of κόλπος, a bay, or a gulf. 1949 fem. acc. pl. pres. act. part. of ἔχω. 1950 fem. dat. sing. of Τροιζήν, Troizen, Troezen, a town in Argolis, near the shore of the Saronic gulf. (Autenrieth) 1951 fem. acc. pl. of ἠιών, the sea-shore, or the beach. 1952 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀμπελόεις, rich in vines. 1953 masc. acc. sing. of Ἐπίδαυρος, Epidauros, a city in Argolis. 1954 fem. acc. sing. of Αἴγινα, Aegina, an island in the Saronic Gulf. 1955 fem. acc. sing. of Μάσης, Mases, a town in Argolis near Hermione. 1956 Adv. (αὖθι), on the spot, here, there. 1957 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 1958 fem. acc. sing. of βοή, a loud cry, shout; esp., a battle cry. 1959 masc. nom. sing. of Διομήδης, Diomedes, the son of Tydeus, and one of the most brilliant of the Homeric heroes. Book E receives its title from his exploits (Διομήδους ἀριστεία), but they are prominent elsewhere also. Diomed and Glaucus, Il. 6.119-236. He returned in safety to Argos, Od. 3.180 ff. (Autenrieth) 1960 masc. nom. sing. of Σθένελος, Sthenelos, son of Kapaneus, and one of the Epigoni (‘Descendants’) who took Thebes, companion of Diomedes. (Autenrieth) 1961 masc. gen. sing. of Καπανεύς, Kapaneus, one of the Seven against Thebes, the father of Sthenelus. 1962 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἀγακλειτός, famous. 171

And they who held Argos, and the Well Walled Tiryns,

And down by the deep gulf they held both Hermione and Asine,

And the beaches at Troizen, and Epidauros Rich in Vines,

And the sons of the Achaeans held Aegina and Mases,

And Diomedes comanded them hither with a shout,

And Sthenelos, dear son of Kapaneus the Well Known,

172

(565) τοῖσι δ᾽ ἅμ᾽ Εὐρύαλος1963 τρίτατος1964 κίεν1965 ἰσόθεος1966 φὼς1967

Μηκιστέος1968 υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο1969 ἄνακτος,1970

συμπάντων1971 δ᾽ ἡγεῖτο1972 βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης,

τοῖσι δ᾽ ἅμ᾽ ὀγδώκοντα1973 μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.1974

Οἳ δὲ Μυκήνας1975 εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον1976 πτολίεθρον

(570) ἀφνειόν1977 τε Κόρινθον1978 ἐϋκτιμένας1979 τε Κλεωνάς,1980

Ὀρνειάς τ᾽ ἐνέμοντο1981 Ἀραιθυρέην1982 τ᾽ ἐρατεινὴν

καὶ Σικυῶν᾽,1983 ὅθ᾽1984 ἄρ᾽ Ἄδρηστος1985 πρῶτ᾽1986 ἐμβασίλευεν,1987

1963 masc. nom. sing. of Εὐρύαλος, Euryalos, an Argive, son of Mecisteus, Il. 6.20, Il. 23.677. (Autenrieth) 1964 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of τρίτατος, Poet. lengthd. for τρίτος, third. (Liddell and Scott) 1965 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κίω. 1966 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἰσόθεος, equal to the Gods, God-like. 1967 masc. nom. sing. of φώς. 1968 masc. gen. sing. of Μηκιστεύς, Mekisteus, son of Talaus, brother of Adrastus, and father of Euryalus. (Autenrieth) 1969 mas. gen. sing. of Ταλαϊονίδης, son of Talaus, king of Argos, one of the Argonauts. 1970 masc. gen. sing. of ἄναξ. 1971 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of σύμπας, all together, all at once, all in a body. 1972 3rd sing. imperf. mid. ind. of ἡγέομαι. 1973 Numeral, eighty. 1974 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕπομαι. 1975 fem. gen. sing. of Μυκήνη, Mycenae, home of Agamemnon. 1976 Adj., neut. sing. of ἐυκτίμενος. 1977 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἀφνειός, rich, wealthy. 1978 fem. acc. sing. of Κόρινθος, Korinthos, Corinth, Il. 2.570; anciently named Ephyra. (Autenrieth) 1979 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of ἐυκτίμενος. 1980 fem. acc. pl. of Κλεωναί, Kleonae, a town in Argolis. (Autenrieth) 1981 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω. 1982 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀραιθυρέη, Araethyrea, a town in Argolis. (Autenrieth) 1983 fem. acc. sing. of Σικυών, Sikyon, a city on the south shore of the gulf of Corinth, in the realm of Agamemnon. 1984 Conj. (ὅτε), when, at the time when. 1985 masc. nom. sing. of Ἄδρηστος, Adrestos, a legendary king of Argos during the war of the Seven Against Thebes. (Wikipedia) 1986 Adj., neut. pl. of πρότερος. 1987 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἐμβασιλεύω, to be king. 173

And a third man, Euryalos—Equal to the Gods—came with them,

Son of Mekisteus, son of Talaus, Lord and Master,

And all at once, with a war cry, Diomedes led them,

And with those men followed eighty black ships.

And those who held the well-built citadel of Mycenae,

Both rich Korinthos and well-built Kleonae,

And they dwelled around Orneae and lovely Araethyrea,

And Sikyon, in the beginning, at the time when Adrastos was king.

174

Οἵ θ᾽ Ὑπερησίην1988 τε καὶ αἰπεινὴν Γονόεσσαν1989

Πελλήνην τ᾽ εἶχον ἠδ᾽ Αἴγιον1990 ἀμφενέμοντο1991

(575) Αἰγιαλόν τ᾽ ἀνὰ πάντα καὶ ἀμφ᾽ Ἑλίκην1992 εὐρεῖαν,

τῶν ἑκατὸν1993 νηῶν ἦρχε1994 κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων

Ἀτρεΐδης, ἅμα τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι

λαοὶ ἕποντ᾽,1995 ἐν δ᾽ αὐτὸς ἐδύσετο1996 νώροπα1997 χαλκὸν1998

κυδιόων,1999 πᾶσιν δὲ μετέπρεπεν2000 ἡρώεσσιν2001

(580) οὕνεκ᾽2002 ἄριστος ἔην πολὺ δὲ πλείστους2003 ἄγε2004 λαούς.

1988 fem. acc. sing. of Ὑπερησίη, Hyperesia, a town in Achaea. (Autenrieth) 1989 fem. acc. sing. of Γονόεσσα, Gonoessa, a town in Achaea, near Pellēne. (Autenrieth) 1990 neut. sing. of Αἴγιον, Aegion, a town in Achaea, afterward the capital of the Achaean league. (Autenrieth) 1991 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀμφινέμομαι. 1992 fem. acc. sing. of Ἑλίκη, Helike, a town in Achaea, containing a shrine of Poseidon. (Autenrieth) 1993 Numeral, one hundred. 1994 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 1995 3rd pl. imper. mid./pass. ind. of ἕπομαι. 1996 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of δύω, to cause to sink, to sink into, to plunge. 1997 masc. acc. sing. of νῶροψ, of metal, flashing or gleaming. 1998 masc. acc. sing. of χαλκός. 1999 masc. noom. sing. pres. act. part. of κυδιάω, to bear oneself proudly, go proudly along, exult. 2000 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μεταπρέπω. 2001 masc. dat. pl. of ἥρως. 2002 Conj. (οὕνεκα), on account of which, wherefore. 2003 Adj., superl., πλεῖστος, moost, largest, greatest. 2004 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 175

And those who held both Hyperesia and the Lofty Gonoessa

And they held Pellene and dwelt around Aegion,

And Aegolis and all around Helike,

And Agamemnon, Lord and Master, son of Atreus led one hundred of their ships,

With him followed the most and the best men,

And he himself, along with them, exulting, sunk in that glittering bronze,

And distinguished himself from all the other heroes,

And on account of the fact he was the best man, he led the most men.

176

Οἳ δ᾽ εἶχον κοίλην2005 Λακεδαίμονα2006 κητώεσσαν,2007

Φᾶρίν2008 τε Σπάρτην2009 τε πολυτρήρωνά2010 τε Μέσσην,2011

Βρυσειάς2012 τ᾽ ἐνέμοντο2013 καὶ Αὐγειὰς2014 ἐρατεινάς,2015

οἵ τ᾽ ἄρ᾽ Ἀμύκλας2016 εἶχον Ἕλος2017 τ᾽ ἔφαλον2018 πτολίεθρον,

(585) οἵ τε Λάαν2019 εἶχον ἠδ᾽ Οἴτυλον2020 ἀμφενέμοντο,2021

τῶν οἱ2022 ἀδελφεὸς ἦρχε2023 βοὴν2024 ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος

ἑξήκοντα2025 νεῶν, ἀπάτερθε2026 δὲ θωρήσσοντο,2027

2005 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of κοῖλος, hollow; often of places between mountains. (Autenrieth) 2006 fem. acc. sing. of Λακεδαίμων, Lacedaemon, the capital of Laconia, and Laconia itself. (Liddell and Scott) 2007 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of κητώεις, full of hollows. 2008 fem. acc. sing. of Φᾶρις, Pharis, a town in Laconia, south of Amyclae. (Autenrieth) 2009 fem. acc. sing. of Σπάρτη, Sparta, the principal city of Laconia, residence of Menelāus and Helen. (Autenrieth) 2010 fem. acc. sing. of πολυτρήρων, abounding in doves. 2011 fem. acc. sing. of Μέσση, Messe, a harbor-town near Taenarum in Laconia. (Autenrieth) 2012 fem. acc. pl. of Βρυσειαί, Bryseiai, a town in Laconia. (Autenrieth) 2013 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω. 2014 fem. acc. pl. of Αὐγειαί, Augeiai, a town in Laconia. (Autenrieth) 2015 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of ἐρατεινός. 2016 fem. acc. pl. of Ἀμύκλαι, Amyklai, a city in Laconia, near the Eurotas, 20 stadia S.E. of Sparta, and the residence of Tyndareus. (Autenrieth) 2017 neut. sing. of Ἕλος, Helos, the name of several towns in Greece, so called from their vicinity to marshes. A town of Laconia, situated east of the mouth of the Eurotas, close to the sea, in a plain which, though marshy near the coast, is described by Polybius as the most fertile part of Laconia. In the earliest times it appears to have been the chief town on the coast, as Amyclae was in the interior; for these two places are mentioned together by Homer. Smith, William, LLD., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated with numerous engravings on wood, London: Walton, Maberly, and Murray: 1854. 2018 Adj., neut. sing. of ἔφαλος. 2019 neut. sing of Λάας, a town in Laconia. (Autenrieth) 2020 masc. acc. sing. of Οἴτυλος, Oitylos, a town on the coast of Laconia. (Autenrieth) 2021 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀμφινέμομαι. 2022 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἕ. 2023 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2024 pres. act. inf. of βοάω. 2025 Numeral, sixty. 2026 Adv., apart, aloof. 2027 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of θωρήσσω. 177

And those who held Hollow Lacedaemon,

Both Pharis and Sparta Abounding in Ravines,

And Messe Abounding in Doves,

And inhabited Bryseiai and Ageiai the Lovely,

And those who held Amyklai and the sea-side citadel Helos,

And those who held Laäs and dwelled around Oitylos,

Those men were commanded for him by his brother Good Menelaus shouting

Over sixty ships, and were placed under arms separately,

178

ἐν δ᾽ αὐτὸς κίεν2028 ᾗσι2029 προθυμίῃσι2030 πεποιθὼς2031

ὀτρύνων2032 πόλεμον δέ, μάλιστα2033 δὲ ἵετο2034 θυμῷ2035

(590) τίσασθαι2036 Ἑλένης2037 ὁρμήματά2038 τε στοναχάς2039 τε.

Οἳ δὲ Πύλον2040 τ᾽ ἐνέμοντο2041 καὶ Ἀρήνην2042 ἐρατεινὴν2043

καὶ Θρύον2044 Ἀλφειοῖο2045 πόρον2046 καὶ ἐΰκτιτον2047 Αἰπὺ2048

καὶ Κυπαρισσήεντα2049 καὶ Ἀμφιγένειαν2050 ἔναιον2051

2028 pres. act. inf. of κίω. 2029 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of ἵημι. 2030 fem. dat. pl. of προθυμία, readiness, willingness, eagerness; enthusiasm, zeal. 2031 masc. nom. sing. perf. act. part. of πείθω. 2032 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ὀτρύνω, to stir something up, to spur on, or to encourage. 2033 Adv., superl. of μάλα. 2034 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἵημι. 2035 masc. dat. sing. of θυμός. 2036 aor. mid. inf. of τίνω. 2037 fem. gen. sing. of Ἑλένη. 2038 neut. pl. of ὅρμημα, a sudden rush, a swoop, or an onset. 2039 fem. acc. pl. of στοναχή, groaning, wailing. 2040 masc. acc. sing. of Πύλος, Pylos. 2041 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω. 2042 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀρήνη, Arene, a town subject to Nestor. (Autenrieth) 2043 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἐρατεινός. 2044 neut. sing. of Θρύον, Thryon. 2045 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀλφειός, Alpheios, a river in Arcadia and Elis. (Autenrieth) 2046 masc. acc. sing. of πόρος, means of passing a river, ford, ferry. 2047 Adj., neut. sing. of ἐύκτιτος. 2048 neut. sing. of Αἰπύ, Aipu, a town subject to Nestor. (Autenrieth) 2049 fem. acc. sing. of Κυπαρισσήεις, Kyparisseïs. 2050 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀμφιγένεια, a town subject to Nestor. (Autenrieth) 2051 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναίω. 179

And he himself going about among them, sallied forth with zeal,

Convincing them and spurring them on to the war,

And most of all what moved his spirit was that a price be paid

For the swooning and the sobbing of Helen.

And those who inhabited Pylos and the lovely Arene,

And the Thryon ford of the River Alpheios,

And dwelled around Kyparisseïs and Amphigenia,

180

καὶ Πτελεὸν2052 καὶ Ἕλος2053 καὶ Δώριον,2054 ἔνθά2055 τε Μοῦσαι2056

(595) ἀντόμεναι2057 Θάμυριν2058 τὸν Θρήϊκα2059 παῦσαν2060 ἀοιδῆς2061

Οἰχαλίηθεν2062 ἰόντα2063 παρ᾽ Εὐρύτου2064 Οἰχαλιῆος,2065

στεῦτο2066 γὰρ εὐχόμενος2067 νικησέμεν2068 εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ

Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν2069 κοῦραι Διὸς2070 αἰγιόχοιο,

2052 neut sing. of Πτελεόν, Pteleum, a town of Thessaly, on the south-western side of Phthiotis, and near the entrance of the Sinus Pagasaeus... It is mentioned by Homer as governed by Protesilaus, to whom the neighbouring town of Antron also belonged. (Smith) 2053 neut. sing. of Ἕλος. 2054 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of Δώριος, Dorian. 2055 Adv., there, where. 2056 fem. nom. pl. of Μοῦσα, a Muse. 2057 fem. nom. pl. of ἄντομαι, to meet. 2058 masc. acc. sing. of Θάμυρις, Thamyris, a Thracian bard vanquished and blinded by the Muses. (Autenrieth) 2059 masc. acc. sing. of Θρᾷξ, a Thracian. 2060 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of παύω + acc. of person and gen. of thing, to make to rest, stop, hinder, keep back from a thing. (Liddell and Scott) 2061 fem. gen. sing. of ἀοιδή, song, a singing, whether the art of song, or the act of singing, song. (Liddell and Scott) 2062 Adv., from Oekalia. 2063 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of εἶμι. 2064 masc. gen. sing. Εὔρυτος, Eurytos. 2065 masc. gen. sing. of Οἰχαλιεύς, an Oekalian. 2066 3rd sing. iperf. act. ind. of στεῦμαι, to make as if one would, to promise or threaten that one will. 2067 masc. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of εὔχομαι. 2068 fut. act. inf. of νικάω, to conquer, or to pervail. 2069 3rd pl. pres. act. opt. of ἀείδω, to sing. 2070 masc. gen. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 181

And Ptelos, and Helos, and Dorios—

Where the Muses stopped a Thracian, Thamyris, for singing a song

As he was leaving Oekalia with Eurystos an Oekalian,

Because he loudly proclaimed that he would prevail even if

The girl singers sang for the Aegis-bearing God himself,

182

αἳ δὲ χολωσάμεναι2071 πηρὸν2072 θέσαν,2073 αὐτὰρ ἀοιδὴν2074

(600) θεσπεσίην2075 ἀφέλοντο2076 καὶ ἐκλέλαθον2077 κιθαριστύν,2078

τῶν αὖθ᾽ ἡγεμόνευε2079 Γερήνιος2080 ἱππότα2081 Νέστωρ,

τῷ δ᾽ ἐνενήκοντα2082 γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.2083

2071 fem. nom. pl. aor. mid. part. of χολόω. 2072 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of πηρός, to disable someone with respect to a limb of the body, to maim them. 2073 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of τίθημι. 2074 fem. acc. sing. of ἀοιδή, a song. 2075 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of θεσπέσιος. 2076 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἀφαιρέω, to take away, to take something away from someone. 2077 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἐκλανθάνω, to escape notice utterly, to utterly forget. 2078 fem. acc. sing. of κιθαριστύς, the art of playing the Kithara. 2079 3rd sing.act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 2080 masc. nom. sing. of Γερήνιος, from Gerena or Gerenon, a city of Messenia. (Liddell and Scott) 2081 masc. nom. sing. of ἱππότης, a driver or rider of horses, a horseman, knight, equestrian; Lat., eques. 2082 Numeral, ninety. 2083 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of στιχάομαι. 183

And being angered they maimed him,

And besides that, they took away from him his divne song,

And made him forget the art of playing the Kithara,

They were led here by the Rider of Horses from Gerena, Nestor—

And with him ninety hollow ships came in lines,

184

οἳ δ᾽ ἔχον Ἀρκαδίην2084 ὑπὸ Κυλλήνης2085 ὄρος αἰπὺ2086

Αἰπύτιον2087 παρὰ τύμβον2088 ἵν᾽ ἀνέρες ἀγχιμαχηταί,2089

(605) οἳ Φενεόν2090 τ᾽ ἐνέμοντο2091 καὶ Ὀρχομενὸν2092 πολύμηλον2093

Ῥίπην2094 τε Στρατίην2095 τε καὶ ἠνεμόεσσαν2096 Ἐνίσπην2097

καὶ Τεγέην2098 εἶχον καὶ Μαντινέην2099 ἐρατεινὴν2100

Στύμφηλόν2101 τ᾽ εἶχον καὶ Παρρασίην2102 ἐνέμοντο,

2084 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀρκαδία, Arcadia, the central country of Peloponnesus, was bounded on the E. by Argolis, on the N. by Achaia, on the W. by Elis, and on the S. by Messenia and Laconia. Next to Laconia it was the largest country in Peloponnesus. (Smith) 2085 fem. gen. sing. of Κυλλήνη, Mt. Kyllene in Arcadia. 2086 Adj., neut. sing. of αἰπύς. 2087 masc. acc. sing. of Αἰπύτιος, Aepytios. 2088 masc. acc. sing. of τύμβος, a sepulchral mound, cairn, barrow, grave, or tomb; Lat., tumulus. 2089 masc. nom. pl. of ἀγχιμαχητής = ἀγχέμαχος, to fight hand to hand. 2090 masc. acc. sing. of Φένεος, Pheneos. 2091 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω. 2092 masc. acc. sing. of Ὀρχομενός, Orkomenos. 2093 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of πολύμηλος, with many sheep. 2094 fem. acc. sing. of Ῥίπη, Rhipe. 2095 fem. acc. sing. of Στρατίη, Stratia. 2096 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἠνεμόεις, windy. 2097 fem. acc. sing. of Ἐνίσπη, Enispe. 2098 fem. acc. sing. of Τεγέα, Tegea. 2099 fem. acc. sing. of Μαντινέη, Mantineia. 2100 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἐρατεινός. 2101 fem. acc. sing. of Στύμφαλος, Stymphalos. 2102 fem. acc. sing. of Παρρασίη, Parrhasia. 185

And they who held Arcadia beneath the high and steep Mt. Kyllene,2103

Beside the grave of Aepytos, men fight hand to hand there,

And those who inhabited Pheneos and Orkomenos, Abounding in Sheep,

And Rhipe and Stratia and windy Enispe,

And held Tegea and the lovely Mantineia,

And they held Stumphalos and inhabited Parrhasia,

2103 The principal mountains in Arcadia were: On the N. Cyllene, in the NE. corner of the country, the highest point in the Peloponnesus (7788 feet), which runs in a westerly direction, forming the boundary between Achaia and Elis, and was known under the names of Crathis, Aroanius, and Erymanthus. On the W. Lampeia and Pholoë, both of them a southern continuation of Erymanthus, and the other mountains separating Arcadia from Elis, but the names of which are not preserved. On the E. Lyrceius, Artemisium, Parthenium, and the range of mountains separating Arcadia from Argolis, and connected with the northern extremity of Taygetus. In the S. Maenalus and Lycaeus. Of these mountains an account is given under their respective names. (Smith) 186

τῶν ἦρχ᾽2104 Ἀγκαίοιο2105 πάϊς2106 κρείων Ἀγαπήνωρ2107

(610) ἑξήκοντα2108 νεῶν, πολέες2109 δ᾽ ἐν νηῒ2110 ἑκάστῃ

Ἀρκάδες2111 ἄνδρες ἔβαινον2112 ἐπιστάμενοι2113 πολεμίζειν.2114

Αὐτὸς γάρ σφιν δῶκεν2115 ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων

νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους2116 περάαν2117 ἐπὶ οἴνοπα2118 πόντον2119

Ἀτρεΐδης, ἐπεὶ2120 οὔ σφι2121 θαλάσσια2122 ἔργα μεμήλει.2123

2104 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2105 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀγκαῖος, Agkaios. 2106 masc. nom. sing. of παῖς. 2107 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀγαπήνωρ, Agapenor. 2108 Numeral, sixty. 2109 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πολύς. 2110 fem. dat. sing. of ναῦς. 2111 masc. nom. pl. of Ἀρκάς, an Arcadian. 2112 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of βαίνω. 2113 masc. nom. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἐπίσταμαι, to know how to do, to be able to do, capable of doing; to be assured or believe that a thing is; to understand something and therefore to know it. 2114 pres. act. inf. of πολεμίζω, to wage war, to fight a war. 2115 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of δίδωμι. 2116 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of εὔσελμος. 2117 pres. act. inf. of περάω, to carry beyon the seas for the purpose of selling. (Liddell and Scott) 2118 masc. acc. sing. of οἶνοψ, wine-colored. 2119 masc. acc. sing. of πόντος. 2120 Conj., after that, since, when. 2121 Pron., masc. dat. pl. of σφεῖς. 2122 Adj., neut. pl. of θαλάσσιος, of, in, on, or from the sea, belonging to it; Lat., marinus. 2123 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of μέλω. 187

Agapenor, son of Agkaios, lord and master,

Commanded sixty ships of those men,

And many Aracdian men knowing how to fight a war embraked on each ship.

And Agamemnon, son of Atreus, Lord of Men, himself gave them well-benched ships

To carry them across the wine-colored sea for the purpose of trading,

After that he did not care about their deeds at sea.

188

(615) Οἳ δ᾽ ἄρα Βουπράσιόν2124 τε καὶ Ἤλιδα2125 Δῖαν ἔναιον

ὅσσον ἐφ᾽ Ὑρμίνη2126 καὶ Μύρσινος2127 ἐσχατόωσα2128

πέτρη2129 τ᾽ Ὠλενίη2130 καὶ Ἀλήσιον2131 ἐντὸς2132 ἐέργει,2133

τῶν αὖ τέσσαρες2134 ἀρχοὶ ἔσαν,2135 δέκα δ᾽ ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ

νῆες ἕποντο2136 θοαί, πολέες2137 δ᾽ ἔμβαινον2138 Ἐπειοί.2139

2124 masc. acc. sing. of Βουπράσιος, Bouprasios. 2125 fem. acc. sing. of Ἦλις, Elis. 2126 fem. nom. sing. of Ὑρμίνη, Hyrmine. 2127 fem. nom. sing. of Μύρσινος, Myrsinos. 2128 fem. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐσχατάω, to be at the edge, to be on the border. 2129 fem. nom. sing. of πέτρα, a rock, a ledge or shelf of rock; a rocky peak or ridge. 2130 fem. nom. sing. of Ὠλενίη, Olenian rock, a peak of Mt. Scollis, on the borders of Elis. 2131 neut. sing. of Ἀλήσιον, Alesion. 2132 Adv., within, inside. 2133 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἔργω. 2134 masc. nom. pl. of τέσσαρες, four; Lat., quatuor. 2135 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2136 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕπομαι. 2137 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πολύς. 2138 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἐμβαίνω, to step in, to go on, to go quickly; to step into a ship, embark, go on board; to enter upon. (Liddell and Scott) 2139 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of Ἐπειοί, the Epeians, a tribe in North Elis. (Autenrieth) 189

And those from Bouprasios2140 and inhabited Heavenly Elis

As far as Hyrmine and Myrsinos bordering the Olenian Rock

And the sheltering cove of Alesion,

And once again there were four commanders for them,

And ten quick ships followed each man, and many Epeians embarked.

2140 Buprasium (Βουπράσιον: Eth.Βουπρασιεύς, Eth. Βουπράσιος), a town of Elis, and the ancient capital of the Epeii, frequently mentioned by Homer, was situated near the left bank of the Larissus, and consequently upon the confines of Achaia. The town was no longer extant in the time of Strabo, but its name was still attached to a district on the left bank of the Larissus, which appears from Stephanus to have borne also the name of Buprasius. (Hom. Il. 2.615, 11.755, 23.631) (Smith) 190

(620) Τῶν μὲν ἄρ᾽ Ἀμφίμαχος2141 καὶ Θάλπιος2142 ἡγησάσθην2143

υἷες ὃ2144 μὲν Κτεάτου2145 ὃ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ Εὐρύτου,2146 Ἀκτορίωνε,2147

τῶν δ᾽ Ἀμαρυγκεΐδης2148 ἦρχε2149 κρατερὸς Διώρης,2150

τῶν δὲ τετάρτων2151 ἦρχε Πολύξεινος2152 θεοειδὴς2153

υἱὸς Ἀγασθένεος2154 Αὐγηϊάδαο2155 ἄνακτος.2156

2141 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀμφίμαχος, Amphimaxos, son of Cteatus, a leader of the Eleans. (Autenrieth) 2142 masc. nom. sing. of Θάλπιος, Thalpios, son of Eurytus, a leader of the Epeians. (Autenrieth) 2143 3rd dual aor. mid. ind. of ἡγέομαι. 2144 Art., masc. nom. sing. of ὁ. 2145 masc. gen. sing. of Κτέατος, Kteatos. 2146 masc. gen. sing. of Εὔρυτος, Eurytos. 2147 masc. nom. dual of Ἀκτορίων, son of Actor. 2148 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀμαρυγκείδης, son of Amarynkeus (Ἀμαρυγκεύς). 2149 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2150 masc. nom. sing. of Διώρης, Diores, son of Amarynkeus, a leader of the Epeians. 2151 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of τέταρτος, fourth. 2152 masc. nom. sing. of Πολύξεινος, Polyxeinos. 2153 masc. nom. sing. of θεοειδής, God-like. 2154 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀγασθένης, Agasthenes. 2155 masc. gen. sing. of Αὐγηϊάδης, son of Augeias (Αὐγείας)—a king in Elis, known from the cleansing of his stables by Heracles; father of Agasthenes, Phyleus, and Agamēde. (Autenrieth) 2156 masc. gen. sing. of ἄναξ. 191

For whom Amphimaxos and Thalpios led the way

The one a son of Kteatos, but the other a son of Eurytos, both sons of Actor,

And Mighty Diores, son of Amarynkeus, was the commander of those men,

And the fourth commander among them was God-like Polyxeinos—

Son of Agasthenes, son of Augeias, Lord and Master.

192

(625) Οἳ δ᾽ ἐκ Δουλιχίοιο2157 Ἐχινάων2158 θ᾽ ἱεράων2159

νήσων,2160 αἳ ναίουσι πέρην ἁλὸς Ἤλιδος2161 ἄντα,2162

τῶν αὖθ᾽2163 ἡγεμόνευε2164 Μέγης2165 ἀτάλαντος2166 Ἄρηϊ2167

Φυλεΐδης,2168 ὃν2169 τίκτε2170 Διῒ φίλος ἱππότα Φυλεύς,2171

ὅς2172 ποτε2173 Δουλίχιον2174 δ᾽ ἀπενάσσατο2175 πατρὶ χολωθείς,2176

(630) τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.

2157 masc. gen. sing. of Δουλίχιος, Dulikios. 2158 fem. gen. pl. of Ἐχῖναι, the islands in the Ionian Sea; commonly called Ἐχινάδες. (Liddell and Scott) 2159 fem. gen. pl. of ἱερός. 2160 fem. gen. pl. of νῆσος, an island. 2161 fem. gen. sing. of Ἦλις, Elis. 2162 Adv., over against, face to face, against, opposite. 2163 Adv., on the spot, here, there. 2164 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 2165 masc. nom. sing. of Μέγης, Meges, son of Phyleus and of the sister of Odysseus, chief of the inhabitants of Dulichium and the Echinades. 2166 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀτάλαντος, equal in weight, equivalent, or equal to. 2167 masc. dat. sing. of Ἄρης. 2168 masc. nom. sing. of Φυλείδης, Phyleides. 2169 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of ὅς. 2170 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of τίκτω. 2171 masc. nom. sing. of Φυλεύς, Phyleus. 2172 Pron. masc. nom. sing. of ὅς. 2173 Partic., at some time, once, some day. 2174 masc. acc. sing. of Δουλίχιος. 2175 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀποναίω, Mid. to wend one's way back, ἀπενάσσατο. (Liddell and Scott) 2176 masc. nom. sing. sing. aor. pass. part. of χολόω. 193

And those out of Dulikios and the Ekivai Islands Divine

Which are over across the salt-sea opposite of Elis,

They were led here by Meges Phyleides, Equal to Ares,

Who was begotten of Phyleus, Driver of Horses, Dear to God,

And at sometime or other, being angry with his father he decamped for Dulikios,

And altogether forty black ships followed him.

194

Αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦγε Κεφαλλῆνας2177 μεγαθύμους,

οἵ ῥ᾽2178 Ἰθάκην2179 εἶχον καὶ Νήριτον2180 εἰνοσίφυλλον2181

καὶ Κροκύλει᾽2182 ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αἰγίλιπα2183 τρηχεῖαν,2184

οἵ τε Ζάκυνθον2185 ἔχον ἠδ᾽ οἳ Σάμον2186 ἀμφενέμοντο,2187

(635) οἵ τ᾽ ἤπειρον2188 ἔχον ἠδ᾽ ἀντιπέραι᾽2189 ἐνέμοντο,

τῶν μὲν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦρχε Διὶ μῆτιν2190 ἀτάλαντος:

τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα νῆες ἕποντο2191 δυώδεκα μιλτοπάρῃοι.2192

2177 masc. acc. pl. of Κεφαλλῆνες, the Kephallenians, collective designation of the subjects of Odysseus on islands and mainland. (Autenrieth) 2178 ἄρα, ἄρ (before consonants), ῥα, ῤ (enclitic), always post-positive: particle denoting inference or a natural sequence of ideas, then, so then, so, naturally, as it appears, but for the most part untranslatable by word or phrase. (Autenrieth) 2179 fem. acc. sing. of Ἰθάκη, Ithaca, the native island of Odysseus, with Mts. Neritus, Neius, and Corax, and the harbor Reithrum. 2180 masc. nom. sing. of Νήριτος, Neritos, an Ithancan. 2181 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of εἰνοσίφυλλος, leaf-shaking, with quivering foliage, epith. of wooded mountains. (Autenrieth) 2182 fem. dat. sing. of Κροκύλεια, Krokyleia. 2183 fem. acc. sing. of Αἰγίλιψ, Aegilips, destitute even of goats, hence steep, sheer. 2184 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of τραχύς, rough and rugged; Lat., asper. 2185 fem. acc. sing. of Ζάκυνθος, Zakynthos. 2186 fem. acc. sing. of Σάμος, Samos. A large island in that part of the Aegaean which is called the Icarian sea, and the most important of the Sporades next after Rhodes. The word denotes a height, especially by the sea-shore. (Smith) 2187 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀμφινέμομαι. 2188 fem. acc. sing. of ἤπειρος, terra-firma, the land, as opp. to the sea. (Liddell and Scott) 2189 Adj., neut. pl. of ἀντιπέραιος, lying opposite. 2190 fem. acc. sing. of μῆτις, the faculty of advising, wisdom, counsel, cunning, craft. 2191 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἕπομαι. 2192 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of μιλτοπάρῃος, red-cheeked, of ships which had their bows painted red. (Liddell and Scott) 195

And Odysseus led the great-hearted Kephallenians,

They held Ithaca and Mt. Neritos of the Shimmering Leaves,

And they lived in Krokyleia and rough and ruggedAegilips--Destitute even of Goats,

And the held Zakynthos and dwelled around Samos,

And they inhabited the land and possessed everything opposite to it,

Odysseus, Equal to Zeus in Wisdom, led them.

And twelve red-cheeked ships followed him.

196

Αἰτωλῶν2193 δ᾽ ἡγεῖτο Θόας2194 Ἀνδραίμονος2195 υἱός,

οἳ Πλευρῶν᾽2196 ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ὤλενον2197 ἠδὲ Πυλήνην2198

(640) Χαλκίδα2199 τ᾽ ἀγχίαλον2200 Καλυδῶνά2201 τε πετρήεσσαν,2202

οὐ γὰρ ἔτ᾽ Οἰνῆος2203 μεγαλήτορος2204 υἱέες2205 ἦσαν,2206

οὐδ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἔτ᾽ αὐτὸς ἔην,2207 θάνε2208 δὲ ξανθὸς Μελέαγρος,

τῷ δ᾽ ἐπὶ πάντ᾽ ἐτέταλτο2209 ἀνασσέμεν2210 Αἰτωλοῖσι,

τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.

2193 masc. gen. pl. of Αἰτωλός, an Aetolian. 2194 masc. nom. sing. of Θόας, Thoas, of son of Andraemon, king of Pleuron and Calydon in Aetolia. (Autenrieth) 2195 masc. gen. sing. Ἀνδραίμων, Andraemon. 2196 fem. acc. sing. of Πλευρών, Pleuron. 2197 fem. acc. sing. of Ὤλενος, Olenos. 2198 fem. acc. sing. of Πυλήνη, Pylene, a town in Aetolia. (Autenrieth) 2199 fem. acc. sing. of Χαλκίς. 2200 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἀγχίαλος, near the sea. 2201 fem. acc. sing. of Καλυδών, Kalydon. 2202 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of πετρήεις, rocky. 2203 masc. gen. sing. of Οἰνεύς, Oeneus, son of Portheus, king of Kalydon in Aetolia, the husband of Althaea, and father of Tydeus and Meleāger, a guest-friend of Bellerophon. The Kalydonian boar was sent upon his territory through the anger of Artemis. 2204 masc. gen. sing. of μεγαλήτωρ. 2205 masc. nom. pl. of υἱός. 2206 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2207 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2208 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of θνήσκω, to die, be dying; in 2nd Aorist and in Perf., to be dead. (Liddell and Scott) 2209 3rd sing. pluperf. mid./pass. ind. of τέλλω, in Pass., to come forth, to arise. 2210 pres. act. inf. of ἀνάσσω. 197

And Thoas son of Andraemon led the sons of the Aetolians,

Those who lived in Pleuron and Olenos and Pylene,

And Xalkis by the Sea, and the Rocky Kalydon,

For the sons of Big Hearted Oeneus were no more,

And he himself was not, and the Yellow Haired Meleager had died,

And so it was to him to arise to be lord and master over the Aetolians altogether,

And along with him forty black ships followed.

198

(645) Κρητῶν2211 δ᾽ Ἰδομενεὺς2212 δουρὶ2213 κλυτὸς2214 ἡγεμόνευεν,2215

οἳ Κνωσόν2216 τ᾽ εἶχον Γόρτυνά2217 τε τειχιόεσσαν,2218

Λύκτον2219 Μίλητόν2220 τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα2221 Λύκαστον2222

Φαιστόν2223 τε Ῥύτιόν2224 τε, πόλεις2225 εὖ ναιετοώσας,2226

ἄλλοι θ᾽ οἳ Κρήτην ἑκατόμπολιν2227 ἀμφενέμοντο.2228

(650) Τῶν μὲν ἄρ᾽ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευε2229

Μηριόνης2230 τ᾽ ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ2231 ἀνδρειφόντῃ,2232

τοῖσι2233 δ᾽ ἅμ᾽ ὀγδώκοντα2234 μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.

2211 fem. gen. pl. of Κρήτη, from Crete. 2212 masc. nom. sing. of Ἰδομενεύς, Idomeneus, the strength of Ida; son of Deucalion, grandson of Minos, king in Crete. (Autenrieth) 2213 neut. dat. sing. of δόρυ. 2214 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of κλυτός, renowned, glorious. 2215 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 2216 fem. acc. sing. of Κνωσσός, Knossos. 2217 masc. acc. sing. of Γόρτυς, Gortūna, a city in Crete. (Autenrieth) 2218 Adj., fem. gen. pl. of τειχιόεις. 2219 fem. acc. sing. of Λύκτος, Lyktos, a city in Crete, east of Knossos. 2220 fem. acc. sing. of Μίλητος, Miletus, a Greek city in Caria. 2221 fem. acc. sing. of ἀργινόεις, white, white-gleaming, epith. of towns in Crete, because of chalk cliffs in the vicinity. (Autenrieth) 2222 fem. acc. sing. of Λύκαστος, Lukastos, a town in the southern part of Crete. 2223 masc. acc. sing. of Φαιστός, Phaestos. 2224 masc. acc. sing. of Ῥύσιος, Rhytium. 2225 fem. nom. pl. of πόλις. 2226 fem. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of ναιετάω. 2227 fem. acc. sing. of ἑκατόμπολις, with a hundred cities. 2228 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀμφινέμομαι. 2229 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 2230 masc. nom. sing. of Μηριόνης, Mariones. 2231 masc. dat. sing. of Ἐνυάλιος, Enyalius, the Warlike, name of Ares. (Liddell and Scott) 2232 masc. dat. sing. of ἀνδρειφόντης, man-slaying. 2233 Art., masc. dat. pl. of ὁ. 2234 Numeral, eighty. 199

And Idomeneus, the Strength of Ida, renowned for his spear, led those from Crete,

Those who held Knossos and Gortuna of the High Walls,

And Lyktos, Miletus, and the Gleaming White Lukastos,

Phaistos and Rhytium, well lived in cities,

And other men who live all around Crete with a Hundred Cities.

Idomenus renowned for his spear,

And Meriones—Equal to Enyalius the Warlike, for those men led the way,

And altogether eighty black ships followed those men.

200

Τληπόλεμος2235 δ᾽ Ἡρακλεΐδης2236 ἠΰς2237 τε μέγας τε

ἐκ Ῥόδου2238 ἐννέα2239 νῆας ἄγεν2240 Ῥοδίων2241 ἀγερώχων,2242

(655) οἳ Ῥόδον ἀμφενέμοντο διὰ τρίχα2243 κοσμηθέντες

Λίνδον2244 Ἰηλυσόν2245 τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα2246 Κάμειρον.2247

Τῶν μὲν Τληπόλεμος δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευεν,

ὃν τέκεν Ἀστυόχεια2248 βίῃ2249 Ἡρακληείῃ,2250

τὴν ἄγετ᾽2251 ἐξ Ἐφύρης2252 ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος2253

(660) πέρσας2254 ἄστεα2255 πολλὰ Διοτρεφέων2256 αἰζηῶν.2257

2235 masc. nom. sing. of Τληπόλεμος, Tlepolemos, a son of Hercules and Astyoche, who as a fugitive found safety in Rhodes, and became king there. (Autenrieth) 2236 masc. nom. sing. of Ἡρακλείδης, Heracles. 2237 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἐύς, good, brave, noble. 2238 fem. gen. sing. of Ῥόδος, Rhodes. 2239 Numeral, nine. 2240 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 2241 Adj., masc./fem./neut. gen. pl. of Ῥόδιος (or Ῥοδιακός), Rhodian, of Rhodes. 2242 Adj., masc./fem./neut. gen. pl. of ἀγέρωχος, high-minded, lordly. (Liddell and Scott) 2243 Adv., threefold, in three parts, Lat. trifariam. 2244 fem. acc. sing. of Λίνδος, Lindos. 2245 masc. acc. sing. of Ἰηλυσός, Ialysos. 2246 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀργινόεις. 2247 fem. acc. sing. of Κάμειρος, Kameiros. 2248 fem. nom. sing. of Ἀστυόχεια, Astyocheia, mother of Tlepolemos. 2249 fem. dat. sing. of βία, bodily strength, force, power, might. 2250 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of Ἡράκλειος, of Heracles. 2251 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἄγω. 2252 fem. gen. sing. of Ἐφύρα, Ephyra. 2253 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of Σελλήεις, Selleïs, a river in Elis near Ephyra. 2254 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of πέρθω, waste, ravage, sack. 2255 neut. pl. of ἄστυ. 2256 Adj., Adj., neut. gen. pl. of Διοτρεφής. 2257 Adj., neut. gen. pl. of αἰζηός, in full bodily strength, vigorous. 201

And Tlepolemos son of Heracles, both strong and brave,

He led nine ships of high-minded Rhodians from Rhodes,

Those who lived in Rhodes were divided into three parts:

Lindos, Ialysos—Gleeming White—and Kameiros.

Tlepolemos renown for his spear led them,

Astyocheia brought this man forth by the Strength of Heracles,

He led her from the River Selleïs out of Ephyra

Having wasted many vigours cities Beloved of God. 202

Τληπόλεμος δ᾽ ἐπεὶ2258 οὖν τράφ᾽2259 ἐνὶ2260 μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ,

αὐτίκα πατρὸς2261 ἑοῖο2262 φίλον μήτρωα2263 κατέκτα2264

ἤδη γηράσκοντα2265 Λικύμνιον2266 ὄζον2267 Ἄρηος,2268

αἶψα2269 δὲ νῆας ἔπηξε,2270 πολὺν δ᾽ ὅ γε λαὸν ἀγείρας2271

(665) βῆ2272 φεύγων2273 ἐπὶ πόντον, ἀπείλησαν2274 γάρ οἱ ἄλλοι

υἱέες2275 υἱωνοί2276 τε βίης2277 Ἡρακληείης.2278

2258 Conj., after that, since, when. 2259 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τρέφω, to rear or to raise up, to raise a child up. 2260 Prep., in, into. 2261 masc. gen. sing. of πατήρ. 2262 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἑός. 2263 masc. acc. sing. of μήτρως, maternal uncle. 2264 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κατακτείνω, to kill, slay, or murder. 2265 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of γηράσκω, to grow or to become old. 2266 masc. acc. sing. of Λικύμνιος, Likymnios, brother of Alcmēna, slain by Tlepolemus. 2267 masc. acc. sing. of ὄζος. 2268 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄρης. 2269 Adv., quick, forthwith, all the sudden. 2270 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of πήγνυμι, to fasten together, construct, build. 2271 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἀγείρω. 2272 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω. 2273 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of φεύγω. 2274 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἀπειλέω, to hold out as either a promise or a threat. 2275 masc. nom. pl. of υἱός. 2276 masc. nom. pl. of υἱωνός, a grandson. 2277 fem. gen. sing. of βία. 2278 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of Ἡράκλειος, of Heracles. 203

But after Tlepolemos had been raised up in a well-furnished room,

He at once murdered the beloved maternal uncle of his own father,

The old man Likymnios, root and branch of Ares,

And all the sudden he built ships, and gathering together many men,

He embarked upon the sea because the other sons and grandsons threatened

The Might of Heracles.

204

Αὐτὰρ ὅ γ᾽ ἐς Ῥόδον ἷξεν2279 ἀλώμενος2280 ἄλγεα2281 πάσχων,2282

τριχθὰ2283 δὲ ᾤκηθεν2284 καταφυλαδόν,2285 ἠδὲ φίληθεν2286

ἐκ Διός, ὅς τε Θεοῖσι2287 καὶ ἀνθρώποισιν2288 ἀνάσσει,2289

(670) καί σφιν Θεσπέσιον2290 πλοῦτον2291 κατέχευε2292 Κρονίων.

2279 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵκω, to come to or to reach. 2280 masc. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἀλάομαι, to wander, to roam. 2281 neut. pl. of ἄλγος, pain of body; pain of mind, grief, distress. 2282 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of πάσχω, to receive an impression from without, to suffer, as opp. to doing. (Liddell and Scott) 2283 Adv., Epic lengthd. form of τρίχα, in or into three parts. 2284 3rd pl. aor. pass. ind. of οἰκέω, to inhabit, dwell, or occupy 2285 Adv., by tribes, or in clans. 2286 3rd pl. aor. pass. ind. of φιλέω, love, regard with affection. 2287 masc. dat. pl. of Θεός, God. 2288 masc. dat. pl. of ἄνθρωπος, man; Lat., homo (not vir), opp. to Gods; in pl., mankind. (Liddell and Scott) 2289 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἀνάσσω. 2290 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of Θεσπέσιος. 2291 masc. acc. sing. of πλοῦτος. 2292 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of καταχέω, pour down upon, pour over. 205

But nevertheless, wandering about, suffering much grief, he came to Rhodes,

And they were divided into three clans, and were beloved of God,

Lord and Master over Gods and Men,

And the wealth of Kronos had been poured down upon them.

206

Νιρεὺς2293 αὖ Σύμηθεν2294 ἄγε2295 τρεῖς2296 νῆας ἐΐσας2297

Νιρεὺς Ἀγλαΐης2298 υἱὸς Χαρόποιό2299 τ᾽ ἄνακτος2300

Νιρεύς, ὃς κάλλιστος2301 ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε2302

τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετ᾽ ἀμύμονα2303 Πηλεΐωνα,2304

(675) ἀλλ᾽ ἀλαπαδνὸς2305 ἔην,2306 παῦρος2307 δέ οἱ2308 εἵπετο2309 λαός.

2293 masc. nom. sing. of Νιρεύς, Nireus, son of Charopos and Aglaïa, of Syme, the handsomest of the Greeks before Troy, next to Achilles. (Autenrieth) 2294 Adv., from Syme, an island between Rhodes and Cnidus in Caria. (Autenrieth) 2295 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 2296 Numeral, three. 2297 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of ἔισος, of ships, even or well-balanced. 2298 fem. gen. pl. of Ἀγλαΐα. 2299 masc. gen. sing. of Χάροπος, Charopos, king of Syme. (Autenrieth) 2300 masc. gen. sing. of ἄναξ. 2301 Adj., superl. masc. nom. sing. of καλός. 2302 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἔρχομαι. 2303 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀμύμων, blameless, noble, excellent. 2304 masc. acc. sing. of Πηλείων = Πηλείδης, son of Peleus. 2305 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀλαπαδνός, easily exhausted, powerless, feeble, unwarlike. 2306 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2307 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of παῦρος, of number, few. 2308 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἕ. 2309 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. of ἕπομαι. 207

Nireus, moreover, led three well-balance ships from Syme,

Nireus was son of Agaïa and Charopos, lord and master,

Nireus, next to the blameless son of Peleus,

Was the most beautiful man out of all the Danaäns who came before Ilium,

But he was feeble and unwarlike and few men followed him.

208

Οἳ δ᾽ ἄρα Νίσυρόν2310 τ᾽ εἶχον Κράπαθόν2311 τε Κάσον2312 τε

καὶ Κῶν2313 Εὐρυπύλοιο2314 πόλιν νήσους τε Καλύδνας,2315

τῶν αὖ Φείδιππός2316 τε καὶ Ἄντιφος2317 ἡγησάσθην2318

Θεσσαλοῦ2319 υἷε2320 δύω2321 Ἡρακλεΐδαο2322 ἄνακτος,

(680) τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.2323

2310 fem. acc. sing of Νίσυρος, a small island, one of the Sporades. 2311 fem. acc. sing. of Κάρπαθος, Karpathos, an island between Crete and Rhodes. 2312 fem. acc. sing. of Κάσος, Kasos, an island near Kos. 2313 fem. acc. sing. of Κῶς, Kos. 2314 masc. gen. sing. of Εὐρύπυλος, Eurypylos, son of Poseidon and Astypalaea, from the island of Kos. 2315 fem. acc. pl. of Καλύδναι, Kalydnian. 2316 masc. nom. sing. of Φείδιππος, Pheidippos. 2317 masc. nom. sing. of Ἄντιφος, Antiphos. 2318 3rd dual aor. mid. ind. of ἡγέομαι. 2319 masc. gen. sing. of Θεσσαλός, Thessalos, a son of Heracles, father of Pheidippus and Antiphus. 2320 masc. nom. dual of υἱός. 2321 Numeral, two. 2322 masc. gen. sing. of Ἡρακλείδης. 2323 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of στιχάομαι. 209

And they held Nisyros and Karpathos and Kosos, and Kos, the city of Eurypylos, and the Kalydnian islands, and Pheidippos and Antiphos together both led the way for them,

And with them, thirty ships came in lines.

210

Νῦν αὖ τοὺς ὅσσοι2324 τὸ Πελασγικὸν2325 Ἄργος2326 ἔναιον,2327

οἵ τ᾽ Ἄλον2328 οἵ τ᾽ Ἀλόπην2329 οἵ τε Τρηχῖνα2330 νέμοντο,2331

οἵ τ᾽ εἶχον Φθίην2332 ἠδ᾽ Ἑλλάδα2333 καλλιγύναικα,2334

Μυρμιδόνες2335 δὲ καλεῦντο2336 καὶ Ἕλληνες2337 καὶ Ἀχαιοί,2338

(685) τῶν αὖ πεντήκοντα νεῶν ἦν2339 ἀρχὸς Ἀχιλλεύς.

2324 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ὅσος. 2325 Adj., neut. sing. of Πελασγικός, Pelasgian. 2326 neut. sing. of 2327 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναίω. 2328 masc. acc. sing. of Ἄλος, Alos. 2329 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀλόπη, Alope. 2330 fem. acc. sing. of Τραχίς, Trachis, in Thessaly, named from the ruggedness (τραχύτης) of the district. (Liddell and Scott) 2331 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. of νέμω. 2332 fem. acc. sing. of Φθία, Phthia. 2333 fem. acc. sing. of Ἑλλάς, Hellas, understood by the ancients to be a Thessalian city and district in Phthiōtis, under the sway of Achilles. (Autenrieth) 2334 fem. acc. sing. of καλλιγύναιξ (καλλι + γυναῖκα), a beautiful woman. 2335 masc. nom. pl. of Μυρμιδόνες, Myrmidons. 2336 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of καλέω. 2337 masc. nom. pl. of Ἕλλην, the Thessalian tribe of which Hellen was the reputed chief. (Liddell and Scott) 2338 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of Ἀχαιός. 2339 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 211

Now once again, those great men lived in Pelasgian Argos,

And they inhabited Alos, and they dwelled around Alope, and they lived in Trachis,

And they held Phthia and Hellas, that Most Beautiful Lady,

And they are called Myrmidons, and Hellens, and Achaeans,

And once again, Achilles was Lord over their fifty ships.

212

Ἀλλ᾽ οἵ γ᾽ οὐ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος2340 ἐμνώοντο,2341

οὐ γὰρ ἔην2342 ὅς τίς σφιν ἐπὶ στίχας2343 ἡγήσαιτο,2344

κεῖτο2345 γὰρ ἐν νήεσσι ποδάρκης2346 Δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς

κούρης2347 χωόμενος2348 Βρισηΐδος2349 ἠϋκόμοιο,2350

(690) τὴν ἐκ Λυρνησσοῦ2351 ἐξείλετο2352 πολλὰ2353 μογήσας2354

Λυρνησσὸν2355 διαπορθήσας2356 καὶ τείχεα2357 Θήβης,2358

κὰδ δὲ Μύνητ᾽2359 ἔβαλεν2360 καὶ Ἐπίστροφον2361 ἐγχεσιμώρους,2362

2340 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of δυσηχής, ill-sounding, epith. of war and of death in war. (Autenrieth) 2341 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of μνάομαι, to be mindful of. 2342 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2343 fem. acc. pl. of στίξ, a row, a line, or a rank. 2344 3rd sing. aor. mid. opt. of ἡγέομαι. 2345 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of κεῖμαι, to lie, lie outstretched; to lie asleep, or to lie in repose. 2346 masc. nom. sing. of ποδαρκής, swift-footed. 2347 fem. gen. sing. of κόρη. 2348 masc. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of εὔκομος, fair-haired. 2349 fem. gen. sing. of Βρισηΐς, Briseïs. 2350 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of εὔκομος, fair-haired. 2351 fem. gen. sing. of Λυρνησσός, Lyrnessos. 2352 3rd sing.aor. mid. ind. of ἐξαιρέω, to take from among others, to pick out, choose. 2353 Adj., neut. pl. of πολύς. 2354 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of μογέω, to toil, to suffer. 2355 fem. acc. sing. of Λυρνησσός. 2356 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of διαπορθέω, to be utterly ruined. 2357 neut. pl. of τεῖχος, a wall. 2358 fem. gen. sing. of Θήβη, Thebes. 2359 masc. acc. sing. of Μύνης, Mynes, son of Evēnus, slain by Achilles. 2360 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βάλλω. 2361 masc. acc. sing. of Ἐπίστροφος, Epistrophos, son of Evēnus, slain by Achilles at the sack of Lyrnessus. 2362 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of ἐγχεσίμωρος, word of doubtful meaning, mighty with the spear. (Autenrieth) 213

But they didn’t think about the hateful war

Because there was no leader who could draw them up in lines,

For swift-footed God-like Achilles being angry on account of the fair-haired girl,

Lay in repose beside the ships,

He picked her out from among the others at Lynessos after suffering many things,

Utterly ruining Lyrnessos and the walls of Thebes,

And killed the spear men Mynes and Epistrophos,

214

υἱέας2363 Εὐηνοῖο2364 Σεληπιάδαο2365 ἄνακτος,2366

τῆς ὅ γε κεῖτ᾽2367 ἀχέων,2368 τάχα2369 δ᾽ ἀνστήσεσθαι2370 ἔμελλεν.2371

(695) Οἳ δ᾽ εἶχον Φυλάκην2372 καὶ Πύρασον2373 ἀνθεμόεντα2374

Δήμητρος2375 τέμενος,2376 Ἴτωνά2377 τε μητέρα2378 μήλων,2379

ἀγχίαλόν2380 τ᾽ Ἀντρῶνα2381 ἰδὲ2382 Πτελεὸν2383 λεχεποίην,2384

τῶν αὖ Πρωτεσίλαος2385 ἀρήϊος2386 ἡγεμόνευε

ζωὸς2387 ἐών,2388 τότε δ᾽ ἤδη ἔχεν2389 κάτα γαῖα μέλαινα.

2363 masc. acc. pl. of υἱός. 2364 masc. gen. sing. of Εὐηνός, Evenus. 2365 masc. gen. sing. of Σεληπιάδης, Selepius. 2366 masc. gen. sing. of ἄναξ. 2367 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of κεῖμαι. 2368 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἀχεύω, in pres. part. grieving, sorrowing, mourning. (Liddell and Scott) 2369 Adv., quickly, presently, forthwith. 2370 fut. mid. inf. of ἀνίστημι. 2371 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μέλλω. 2372 fem. acc. sing. of Φυλάκη, a town in Phthiōtis, on the northern slope of Mt. Othrys, in the domain of Protesilāüs. 2373 masc. acc. sing. of Πύρασος, Pyrasos. 2374 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀνθεμόεις. 2375 fem.gen. sing. of Δημήτηρ, Demeter. 2376 neut. sing. of τέμενος, a piece of land cut off and assigned as an official domain, a sanctuary. 2377 masc. acc. sing. of Ἴτων, Iton. 2378 fem. acc. sing. of μήτηρ. 2379 neut. gen. pl. of μῆλον, a sheep. 2380 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀγχίαλος. 2381 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀντρών, Antron. 2382 Conj., and. 2383 neut. sing. of Πτελεόν, Pteleon. 2384 masc. acc. sing. of λεχεποίης, grown with grass fit to make a bed, i. e. grassy, meadow. (Liddell and Scott) 2385 masc. nom. sing. of Πρωτεσίλαος, Protesilaos, son of Iphiclus, a leader of the Thessalians, the first Greek to tread on Trojan soil, and the first to fall. (Autenrieth) 2386 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἄρειος, devoted to Ares, warlike. 2387 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ζωός, alive, living. 2388 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of εἰμί. 2389 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 215

Sons of Evenus, son of Selepius, lord and master,

Anguishing over her he lay idle, but he was however destined to soon raise up.

And those who held Phylake and flowery Pyrasos

The Santuary for Demeter, and Iton Mother of Sheep,

And Antron by the sea and Pteleon the grassy meadow,

And once again, the leadership over those men was Protesilaos, the Warlike,

He at the time being alive, but the black earth holds him now.

216

(700) Τοῦ δὲ καὶ ἀμφιδρυφὴς2390 ἄλοχος2391 Φυλάκῃ2392 ἐλέλειπτο2393

καὶ δόμος2394 ἡμιτελής,2395 τὸν δ᾽ ἔκτανε2396 Δάρδανος2397 ἀνὴρ

νηὸς2398 ἀποθρῴσκοντα2399 πολὺ2400 πρώτιστον2401 Ἀχαιῶν.

Οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδ᾽ οἳ ἄναρχοι2402 ἔσαν,2403 πόθεόν2404 γε μὲν ἀρχόν,

ἀλλά σφεας κόσμησε2405 Ποδάρκης2406 ὄζος2407 Ἄρηος2408

(705) Ἰφίκλου2409 υἱὸς πολυμήλου2410 Φυλακίδαο2411

2390 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ἀμφιδρυφής, having torn both cheeks, in grief, hence bitter sorrow. 2391 fem. nom. sing. of ἄλοχος, his wife. 2392 fem. dat. sing. of Φυλάκη, Phylake, a town in Phthiōtis, on the northern slope of Mt. Othrys, in the domain of Protesilāüs. (Autenrieth) 2393 3rd sing. pluperf. mid./pass. ind. of λείπω, to leave, to quit, to forsake, abandon, or desert. 2394 masc. nom. sing. of δόμος. 2395 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἡμιτελής, half-finished. 2396 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κτείνω, to kill, to slay, or to murder. 2397 masc. nom. sing. of Δάρδανος, Dardanus, son of Zeus, founder of Troy. 2398 fem. gen. sing. of ναῦς. 2399 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of θρῴσκω, to leap, or to spring forth. 2400 Adj., neut. sing. of πολύς. 2401 Adj., neut. sing. of πρώτιστος, the very first. 2402 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἄναρχος, without a head, without a leader. 2403 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2404 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ποθέω, to long for, to yearn after. 2405 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κοσμέω. 2406 masc. nom. sing. of Ποδάρκης, Podarkes, son of Iphiclus, brother of Protesilāus, chief of the contingent from Phylace and Pyrasus. (Autenrieth) 2407 masc. nom. sing. of ὄζος. 2408 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄρης. 2409 masc. gen. sing. of Ἴφικλος, Iphiklos. 2410 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of πολύμηλος. 2411 masc. gen. sing. of Φυλακίδης, son of Phylakos. 217

And he deserted his sobbing wife in Phylake

And a half-finished house, and murdered a man named Dardanus

As he sprang forth from very much the first Achaean ship.

On the one hand they were without a head, and indeed longed for a leader,

But on the other hand, Podarkes was keeping them in line—

Root and Branch of Ares, son of Iphiklos, son of Phylakos, a Man with Many Sheep

218

αὐτοκασίγνητος2412 μεγαθύμου2413 Πρωτεσιλάου2414

ὁπλότερος2415 γενεῇ,2416 ὁ δ᾽ ἅμα πρότερος2417 καὶ ἀρείων2418

ἥρως2419 Πρωτεσίλαος ἀρήϊος,2420 οὐδέ τι λαοὶ2421

δεύονθ᾽2422 ἡγεμόνος,2423 πόθεόν2424 γε μὲν ἐσθλὸν2425 ἐόντα,2426

(710) τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα2427 μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.2428

2412 masc. nom. sing. of αὐτοκασίγνητος, one’s own brother. 2413 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of μεγάθυμος. 2414 masc. gen. sing. of Πρωτεσίλαος. 2415 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ὁπλότερος, the younger. 2416 fem. dat. sing. of γενεά, race, stock, family, clan. 2417 Adj., comp., masc. nom. sing. of πρότερος, before, above, superior. (Liddell and Scott) 2418 Adj., comp., masc. nom. sing. of ἀρείων, better, stouter, stronger, braver, more excellent. 2419 masc. gen. sing. of ἥρως. 2420 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἄρειος. 2421 masc. nom. pl. of λαός. 2422 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of δέω. 2423 masc. gen. sing. of ἡγεμών. 2424 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ποθέω. 2425 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἐσθλός, good. 2426 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of εἰμί. 2427 Numeral, forty. 2428 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕπομαι. 219

Being the youngest in the family, he was the brother of the big hearted Protesilaos,

But at the same time Protesilaos was an older and braver hero,

And so while the men were not without someone for a leader,

They truly longed for he who was best,

And together with that man, forty black ships followed.

220

Οἳ δὲ Φερὰς2429 ἐνέμοντο παραὶ Βοιβηΐδα2430 λίμνην2431

Βοίβην2432 καὶ Γλαφύρας2433 καὶ ἐϋκτιμένην2434 Ἰαωλκόν,2435

τῶν ἦρχ᾽ Ἀδμήτοιο2436 φίλος πάϊς2437 ἕνδεκα2438 νηῶν

Εὔμηλος,2439 τὸν ὑπ᾽ Ἀδμήτῳ2440 τέκε2441 δῖα γυναικῶν2442

(715) Ἄλκηστις2443 Πελίαο2444 θυγατρῶν2445 εἶδος2446 ἀρίστη.2447

2429 fem. acc. pl. of Φεραί, Pherae. 2430 fem. acc. sing. of Βοιβηίς, Boebeïs. 2431 fem. acc. sing. of λίμνη, a pool of standing water left by the sea or a river, Il.: then, a marshy lake, mere, Lat. palus. 2432 fem. acc. sing. of Βοίβη, Boebe. 2433 fem. acc. pl. of Γλαφύραι, Glaphyrai. 2434 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἐυκτίμενος. 2435 masc. acc. sing. of Ἰαωλκός, Iolkos. 2436 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄδμητος, Admetos. 2437 masc. nom. sing. of παῖς. 2438 Numeral, eleven. 2439 masc. nom. sing. of Εὔμηλος, Eymelos. 2440 masc. dat. sing. of Ἄδμητος. 2441 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίκτω. 2442 fem. gen. pl. of γυνή. 2443 fem. nom. sing. of Ἄλκηστις, Alkestis. 2444 masc. gen. sing. of Πελίης, Pelias. 2445 fem. gen. pl. of θυγάτηρ. 2446 neut. sing. of εἶδος, form or shape. 2447 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ἄριστος. 221

And those who lived in Pherae beside the marsh Boebeïs

And Boebe and Glaphyrai and the well-built Iolkos,

Were commanded by Eymelos, dear child of Admetos, with eleven ships,

Admetod begat him through one of the women named Alkestis,

The most beautiful of the daughters of Pelias.

222

Οἳ δ᾽ ἄρα Μηθώνην2448 καὶ Θαυμακίην2449 ἐνέμοντο2450

καὶ Μελίβοιαν2451 ἔχον καὶ Ὀλιζῶνα2452 τρηχεῖαν,2453

τῶν δὲ Φιλοκτήτης2454 ἦρχεν2455 τόξων2456 ἐῢ εἰδὼς2457

ἑπτὰ2458 νεῶν, ἐρέται2459 δ᾽ ἐν ἑκάστῃ2460 πεντήκοντα2461

(720) ἐμβέβασαν2462 τόξων εὖ εἰδότες2463 ἶφι2464 μάχεσθαι.2465

2448 fem. acc. sing. of Μηθώνη, Methone. 2449 fem. acc. sing. of Θαυμακίη, Thaumakia. 2450 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω. 2451 fem. acc. sing. of Μελίβοια, Meliboea. 2452 masc. acc. sing. of Ὀλιζών, Olidzon. 2453 adj., fem. acc. sing. of τραχύς. 2454 masc. nom. sing. of Φιλοκτήτης, Philoktetes. 2455 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2456 neut. gen. pl. of τόξον, in pl., a bow and arrows. 2457 masc. nom. sing. perf. act. part. of οἶδα. 2458 Numeral, seven. 2459 masc. dat. sing. of ἐρέτης, rowers. 2460 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of ἕκαστος. 2461 Numeral, fifty. 2462 3rd pl. pluperf. act. ind. of ἐμβαίνω. 2463 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of οἶδα. 2464 Adv., by force. 2465 pres. mid./pass. inf. of μάχομαι. 223

And those who lived in Methone and Thaumakia

And held Olidzon and Meliboea, the Rough and Rugged,

And Philoktetes, well known for his bow and arrows, commanded seven of their ships,

And in each ship there embarked fifty rowers

Knowing well how to use a bow and arrows with might when fighting.

224

Ἀλλ᾽ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήσῳ2466 κεῖτο2467 κρατέρ᾽2468 ἄλγεα2469 πάσχων2470

Λήμνῳ2471 ἐν ἠγαθέῃ,2472 ὅθι2473 μιν λίπον2474 υἷες Ἀχαιῶν

ἕλκεϊ μοχθίζοντα2475 κακῷ2476 ὀλοόφρονος2477 ὕδρου,2478

ἔνθ᾽2479 ὅ γε κεῖτ᾽2480 ἀχέων,2481 τάχα2482 δὲ μνήσεσθαι2483 ἔμελλον2484

(725) Ἀργεῖοι2485 παρὰ νηυσὶ2486 Φιλοκτήταο2487 ἄνακτος.2488

Οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδ᾽ οἳ ἄναρχοι ἔσαν, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἀρχόν,

ἀλλὰ Μέδων2489 κόσμησεν2490 Ὀϊλῆος2491 νόθος2492 υἱός,

τόν ῥ᾽ ἔτεκεν2493 Ῥήνη2494 ὑπ᾽ Ὀϊλῆϊ2495 πτολιπόρθῳ.2496

2466 fem. dat. sing. of νῆσος. 2467 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of κεῖμαι. 2468 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of κρατερός. 2469 neut. pl. of ἄλγος. 2470 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of πάσχω. 2471 fem. dat. sing. of Λῆμνος, Lemnos. 2472 Adj., fem. dat sing. of ἠγάθεος, most holy. 2473 Adv., where. 2474 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of λείπω. 2475 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of μοχθίζω, to suffer. 2476 adj., neut. dat. sing. of κακός. 2477 masc. gen. sing. of ὀλοόφρων, destructive-minded, baleful. (Autenrieth) 2478 masc. gen. sing. of ὕδρος, a water-snake. 2479 Adv., there. 2480 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of κεῖμαι. 2481 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἀχεύω. 2482 Adv., quickly, presently, forthwith. 2483 fut. mid. inf. of μιμνήσκω. 2484 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of μέλλω. 2485 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of Ἀργεῖος. 2486 fem. dat. pl. of ναῦς. 2487 masc. gen. sing. of Φιλοκτήτης. 2488 masc. gen. sing. of ἄναξ. 2489 masc. nom. sing. of Μέδων, Medon. 2490 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κοσμέω. 2491 masc. gen. sing. of Ὀϊλεύς, Oïleus. 2492 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of νόθος, bastard. 2493 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίκτω. 2494 fem. nom. sing. of Ῥήνη, Rhene. 2495 masc. dat. sing. of Ὀϊλεύς. 2496 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of πτολίπορθος, the sacking or wasting cities. 225

Be he was on an island laying outstretched because he was suffering from severe pain,

On Most Holy Lemnos, where the sons of the Achaeans abandoned him

Suffering from the bad wound of a wicked water-snake,

And laying there mourning, but the Argives beside their ships

Were at once destined to be remined of Philoktetes, Lord and Master,

On the one hand they were without a head, and indeed longed for a leader,

But they were organized by Medon, the bastard son of Oïleus,

Rhene brought him forth from the sacking of a city by Oïleus.

226

Οἳ δ᾽ εἶχον Τρίκκην2497 καὶ Ἰθώμην2498 κλωμακόεσσαν,2499

(730) οἵ τ᾽ ἔχον Οἰχαλίην2500 πόλιν Εὐρύτου2501 Οἰχαλιῆος,2502

τῶν αὖθ᾽2503 ἡγείσθην2504 Ἀσκληπιοῦ2505 δύο παῖδε2506

ἰητῆρ᾽2507 ἀγαθὼ2508 Ποδαλείριος2509 ἠδὲ Μαχάων2510

τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.

2497 fem. acc. sing. of Τρίκκη, Trikke. 2498 fem. acc. sing. of Ἰθώμη, Ithone. 2499 fem. acc. sing. of κλωμακόεις, rocky, stony. 2500 fem. acc. sing. of Οἰχαλία, Oechalia. 2501 masc. gen. sing. of Εὔρυτος, Eurytos. 2502 masc. gen. sing. of Οἰχαλιεύς, Oechalieus. 2503 Adv. (αὖθι), on the spot, here, there. 2504 3rd dual imperf. mid. ind. of ἡγέομαι. 2505 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀσκληπιός, Asklepios. 2506 masc. acc. dual of παῖς. 2507 masc. nom. dual of ἰατήρ, a healer, a doctor. 2508 Adj., masc. nom. dual of ἀγαθός. 2509 masc. nom. sing. of Ποδαλείριος, Podaleipios. 2510 masc. nom. sing. of Μαχάων, Machaon. 227

And those who held Trikke and rocky Ithone,

And those who held Oechalia, the city of the Oechalian Eurythus,

And they were led here by two children of Asklepios,

Podaleirios and Machaon both good doctors,

And thirty hollow ships followed those men.

228

Οἳ δ᾽ ἔχον Ὀρμένιον,2511 οἵ τε κρήνην2512 Ὑπέρειαν,2513

(735) οἵ τ᾽ ἔχον Ἀστέριον2514 Τιτάνοιό2515 τε λευκὰ2516 κάρηνα,2517

τῶν ἦρχ᾽2518 Εὐρύπυλος2519 Εὐαίμονος2520 ἀγλαὸς2521 υἱός,

τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.

2511 masc. acc. sing. of Ὀρμένιος, Ormenios. 2512 fem. acc. sing. of κρήνη, well, spring, fountain. 2513 fem. acc. sing. of Ὑπέρεια, Hyperia. 2514 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀστέριος, Asterios. 2515 fem. gen. sing. of Τίτανος, Titanos. 2516 neut. pl. of λευκόν, white. 2517 neut. pl. of κάρηνον. 2518 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2519 masc. nom. sing. of Εὐρύπυλος, Eurpulus. 2520 masc. gen. sing. of Εὐαίμων, Euaemon. 2521 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀγλαός, famous. 229

And those who held Ormenios and the Fountain of Hyperia

And those who held Asterios and the White Peaks of Titanos,

Those men were led by Eurpylos the famous son of Euaemon,

And together with him forty black ships followed.

230

Οἳ δ᾽ Ἄργισσαν2522 ἔχον καὶ Γυρτώνην2523 ἐνέμοντο,2524

Ὄρθην2525 Ἠλώνην2526 τε πόλιν τ᾽ Ὀλοοσσόνα2527 λευκήν,

(740) τῶν αὖθ᾽ ἡγεμόνευε2528 μενεπτόλεμος2529 Πολυποίτης2530

υἱὸς Πειριθόοιο τὸν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς.

Τόν ῥ᾽ ὑπὸ Πειριθόῳ2531 τέκετο κλυτὸς2532 Ἱπποδάμεια2533

ἤματι2534 τῷ ὅτε2535 Φῆρας2536 ἐτίσατο2537 λαχνήεντας,2538

τοὺς δ᾽ ἐκ Πηλίου2539 ὦσε2540 καὶ Αἰθίκεσσι2541 πέλασσεν,2542

(745) οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε Λεοντεὺς ὄζος Ἄρηος

υἱὸς ὑπερθύμοιο Κορώνου Καινεΐδαο,

τοῖς δ᾽ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.

2522 fem. acc. sing. of Ἄργισσα, Argissa. 2523 fem. acc. sing. of Γυρτώνη, Gyrtone. 2524 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω. 2525 fem. acc. sing. of Ὄρθη, Orthe. 2526 fem. acc. sing. of Ἠλώνη, Elone. 2527 fem. acc. sing. of Ὀλοοσσών, Oloösson. 2528 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 2529 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of μενεπτόλεμος, steadfast in battle. 2530 masc. nom. sing. of Πολυποίτης, Polypoetes. 2531 masc. dat. sing. of Πειρίθοος. 2532 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of κλυτός. 2533 fem. nom. sing. of Ἱπποδάμεια, Hippodamia. 2534 neut. dat. sing. of ἦμαρ. 2535 Conj., when. 2536 masc. acc. pl. of φήρ (Aeolic for θήρ, wild beast), the Centaurs. 2537 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of τίνω, to pay a penalty, to pay compensation; in Mid., to make return or requital, to punish someone, or to take vengeance upon them. 2538 masc. acc. pl. of λαχνήεις, woolly, hairy, shaggy. 2539 neut. gen. sing. of Πήλιον, Mt. Pelion. 2540 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὠθέω, to thrust, to push. 2541 masc. dat. pl. of Αἴθιξ, Aethix (Aethices), a barbarous Epirot clan, who lived by robbery, are placed by Strabo on the Thessalian side of Pindus. (Smith) 2542 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of πελάζω, to come near, to approach. 231

And those who held Argissa and lived in Gyrtone,

Orthe, and the city Elone, and the white Oloösson,

Those men were led here by Plypoetes, Steadfast in Battle,

Son of Pirithous, himself begotted of the Immortal Zeus,

He was brought forth by the renowned Hippodamia by Pirithous

On the day that he took vengeance on the shaggy Centaurs

And pushed them out of Mt. Pelion and made them approach the Aethix,

And he was not alone Leonteus, Root and Branch of Ares,

Son of Koronos the Daring, son of Kaeneïdes,

And togther with these men followed forty black ships.

232

Γουνεὺς2543 δ᾽ ἐκ Κύφου2544 ἦγε2545 δύω καὶ εἴκοσι2546 νῆας,

τῷ δ᾽ Ἐνιῆνες2547 ἕποντο2548 μενεπτόλεμοί2549 τε Περαιβοὶ2550

(750) οἳ περὶ Δωδώνην2551 δυσχείμερον2552 οἰκί᾽2553 ἔθεντο,2554

οἵ τ᾽ ἀμφ᾽ ἱμερτὸν2555 Τιταρησσὸν2556 ἔργα νέμοντο2557

ὅς ῥ᾽ ἐς Πηνειὸν2558 προΐει2559 καλλίρροον2560 ὕδωρ,

οὐδ᾽ ὅ2561 γε Πηνειῷ2562 συμμίσγεται2563 ἀργυροδίνῃ,2564

ἀλλά τέ μιν2565 καθύπερθεν2566 ἐπιρρέει2567 ἠΰτ᾽2568 ἔλαιον,2569

(755) ὅρκου2570 γὰρ δεινοῦ2571 Στυγὸς2572 ὕδατός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ.2573

2543 masc. nom. sing. of Γουνεύς, Gouneus. 2544 fem. gen. sing. of Κύφος, Kyphos. 2545 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 2546 Numeral, twenty. 2547 masc. nom. pl. of Ἐνιῆνες, Enienes, a tribe dwelling about Dodōna. (Autenrieth) 2548 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕπομαι. 2549 adj., masc. nom. pl. of μενεπτόλεμος. 2550 masc. nom. pl. of Περαιβοί, Perrhaebians, a Pelasgian tribe about Dodōna and the river Titaresius. (Autenrieth) 2551 fem. acc. sing. of Δωδώνη, Dodona. 2552 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of δυσχείμερος, wintry. 2553 neut. pl. of οἰκίον. 2554 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of τίθημι. 2555 Adj., neut. sing. of ἱμερτός, longed for, lovely. 2556 fem. acc. sing. of Τιταρησσός, Titaressos. 2557 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of νέμω. 2558 masc. acc. sing. of Πηνειός, Penēus, a river in Thessaly, flowing through the vale of Tempe into the Thermaic gulf. 2559 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of προίημι, of rivers, to pour. 2560 Adj., neut. sing. of καλλίρροος, beautifully-flowing. (Autenrieth) 2561 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅς. 2562 masc. dat. sing. of Πηνειός. 2563 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of συμμίγνυμι, to mix together, commingle. 2564 masc. dat. sing. of ἀργυροδίνης, silver-eddying; epith. of rivers. (Autenrieth) 2565 Pron., neut. acc. sing. of μιν. 2566 Adv., above, from above. 2567 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐπιρρέω, flow upon the surface, float. 2568 Partic., like or as. 2569 neut. sing. of ἔλαιον, olive-oil. 2570 masc. gen. sing. of ὅρκος, the object by which one swears. 2571 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of δεινός, fearful, terrible. 2572 fem. gen. sing. of Στύξ, the River Styx. 2573 masc. nom. sing. of ἀπορρώξ, of rivers, a branch. 233

And Gouneus led two and twenty ships out of Kyphos,

And the Enienes and the Perrhaebians, steadfast in battle, followed him,

And they put their homes around wintry Dodona,

And working the fields, they dwelled around the River Titaressos, the Longed For,

Which pours forth its beautiful waters into the River Peneios,

Yet it does not mix with the Peneios, the Silver-Eddying,

But floats on top of it like olive-oil,

For its waters are a branch of River Styx, the thing by which one swears fearsome oaths.

234

Μαγνήτων2574 δ᾽ ἦρχε2575 Πρόθοος2576 Τενθρηδόνος2577 υἱός,

οἳ περὶ Πηνειὸν2578 καὶ Πήλιον2579 εἰνοσίφυλλον2580

ναίεσκον,2581 τῶν μὲν Πρόθοος θοὸς2582 ἡγεμόνευε,

τῷ δ᾽ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.

(760) Οὗτοι ἄρ᾽ ἡγεμόνες2583 Δαναῶν καὶ κοίρανοι2584 ἦσαν,2585

τίς τὰρ2586 τῶν ὄχ᾽2587 ἄριστος ἔην2588 σύ μοι ἔννεπε2589 Μοῦσα2590

αὐτῶν ἠδ᾽ ἵππων, οἳ2591 ἅμ᾽ Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν2592 ἕποντο;

2574 masc. gen. pl. of Μάγνης, a Magnesian. 2575 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2576 masc. nom. sing. of Πρόθοος, Prothoös. 2577 masc. gen. sing. of Τενθρηδών, Tenthpedon. 2578 masc. acc. sing. of Πηνειός, River Penēus. 2579 neut. sing. of Πήλιον. 2580 Adj., neut. sing. of εἰνοσίφυλλος. 2581 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναίω. 2582 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of θοός. 2583 masc. nom. pl. of ἡγεμών. 2584 masc. nom. pl. of κοίρανος. 2585 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2586 Partic., ἄρα. 2587 Adv. (ὄχα), far; ὄχ᾽ ἄριστος = far the best. 2588 3rd sing. imperf. of εἰμί. 2589 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἐνέπω. 2590 fem. nom. sing. of Μοῦσα, a Muse. 2591 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἕ. 2592 masc. dat. pl. of Ἀτρείδης, son of Atreus. 235

And were commanded by Prothoös, son of Tenthredon,

They dwelled beside River Penē us and Mt. Pelion, of the Shimmering Leaves,

Led by the nimble Prothoös,

And forty black ships followed him.

These are the kings and the strong-men that were over the Danaäns,

Tell me Muse, who among them was by far the best man,

Among those on horseback, they who followed him, the son of Atreus, at once?

236

Ἵπποι2593 μὲν μέγ᾽2594 ἄρισται2595 ἔσαν2596 Φηρητιάδαο,2597

τὰς Εὔμηλος2598 ἔλαυνε2599 ποδώκεας2600 ὄρνιθας2601 ὣς

(765) ὄτριχας2602 οἰέτεας2603 σταφύλῇ2604 ἐπὶ νῶτον2605 ἐΐσας,2606

τὰς ἐν Πηρείῃ2607 θρέψ᾽2608 ἀργυρότοξος2609 Ἀπόλλων

ἄμφω θηλείας,2610 φόβον2611 Ἄρηος2612 φορεούσας.2613

2593 fem. nom. pl. of ἵππος. 2594 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας. 2595 adj., fem. nom. pl. of ἄριστος. 2596 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2597 masc. gen. sing. of Φηρητιάδης, Pheres. 2598 masc. nom. sing. of Εὔμηλος, Eumēlus. 2599 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἐλαύνω, to drive as in running while pulling a chariot. 2600 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of ποδώκης. 2601 fem. acc. pl. of ὄρνις, a bird. 2602 fem. acc. pl. of ὄθριξ, with like hair. 2603 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of οἰέτης, of the same age. 2604 fem. dat. sing. of σταφύλη, match to a hair in height, plumb-equal. 2605 neut. sing. of νῶτον. 2606 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of ἔισος. 2607 fem. dat. sing. of Πηρείη, Pereia. 2608 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τρέφω. 2609 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀργυρότοξος, with the silver bow. 2610 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of θῆλυς, female. 2611 masc. acc. sing. of φόβος, panic flight. 2612 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄρης. 2613 fem. acc. pl. of φορέω, to bear or to contantly carry. 237

The best mares of the son of Pheres were the biggest thing,

Eymelos drove them swift as birds,

With like hair, of the same age, plumb-equal at the back,

They were reared by Apollo Siver Bow in Pereia,

Both females constantly bore the panic of War.

238

Ἀνδρῶν αὖ μέγ᾽2614 ἄριστος ἔην2615 Τελαμώνιος2616 Αἴας

ὄφρ᾽2617 Ἀχιλεὺς μήνιεν,2618 ὃ γὰρ πολὺ φέρτατος2619 ἦεν,2620

(770) ἵπποι θ᾽ οἳ φορέεσκον ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα.

Ἀλλ᾽ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήεσσι κορωνίσι2621 ποντοπόροισι2622

κεῖτ᾽2623 ἀπομηνίσας2624 Ἀγαμέμνονι2625 ποιμένι2626 λαῶν

Ἀτρεΐδῃ,2627 λαοὶ δὲ παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι2628 θαλάσσης2629

δίσκοισιν2630 τέρποντο2631 καὶ αἰγανέῃσιν2632 ἱέντες2633

(775) τόξοισίν2634 θ᾽,

2614 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας. 2615 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2616 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of Τελαμών, Telamon, the son of Aeacus, brother of Peleus, king in Salamis, and father of Ajax and Teucer. 2617 Conj., that, in order that. 2618 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μηνίω. 2619 Adj., superl., masc. nom. sing. of φέρτατος, bravest, best. 2620 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2621 fem. dat. pl. of κορωνίς. 2622 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of ποντοπόρος, sea-faring. 2623 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of κεῖμαι. 2624 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἀπομηνίω, to perserveve in anger. 2625 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων. 2626 masc. dat. sing. of ποιμήν. 2627 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀτρείδης. 2628 masc. dat. sing. of ῥηγμίν, a line of breakers, the surf. 2629 fem. gen. sing. of θάλασσα. 2630 masc. dat. pl. of δίσκος, the discus, a quoit, of metal or stone. (Autenrieth) 2631 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of τέρπω, in Mid./Pass., to have full enjoyment of a thing, have enough of it, to have one’s fill of something, to make merry. 2632 fem. dat. pl. of αἰγανέη, a spear, a javelin. 2633 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of ἵημι. 2634 neut. dat. pl. of τόξον. 239

On the other hand, the important thing is that Ajax son of Telemon was best of men,

At least while Achilles was angry, because he was by far the bravest,

And horse contantly bore blameless son of Peleus.

But he on the other hand lay in repose beside the curved ships

Perservering in his anger against Agamemnon, son of Atreus, Herder of Men,

And the men amused themselves beside the ocean breakers

Hurling the discus, throwing the spear, and shooting the bow,

240

…ἵπποι δὲ παρ᾽ ἅρμασιν2635 οἷσιν2636 ἕκαστος2637

λωτὸν2638 ἐρεπτόμενοι2639 ἐλεόθρεπτόν2640 τε σέλινον2641

ἕστασαν,2642 ἅρματα δ᾽ εὖ πεπυκασμένα2643 κεῖτο2644 ἀνάκτων

ἐν κλισίῃς,2645 οἳ δ᾽ ἀρχὸν ἀρηΐφιλον2646 ποθέοντες2647

φοίτων2648 ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα2649 κατὰ στρατὸν2650 οὐδὲ μάχοντο.2651

2635 masc. dat. pl. of ἅρμα. 2636 Pron., masc. dat. pl. of ὅς. 2637 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἕκαστος. 2638 masc. acc. sing. of λωτός, lotus, a species of clover. (Autenrieth) 2639 masc. nom. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἐρέπτομαι, to feed on. 2640 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἑλεόθρεπτος, marsh-bred. 2641 neut. sing. of σέλινον, parsley. 2642 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἵστημι. 2643 neut. pl. perf. mid./pass. part. of πυκάζω, to cover closely. 2644 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of κεῖμαι. 2645 fem. dat. pl. of κλισία. 2646 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀρηίφιλος, dear to Ares. 2647 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of ποθέω. 2648 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of φοιτάω, go to and fro, backwards and forwards. 2649 ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα = here and there. 2650 masc. acc. sing. of στρατός. 2651 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. pass. ind. of μάχομαι. 241

…And the horses, each one standing beside his chariot,

Fed on marsh-bred clover and parsley, and while he was in repose,

The well covered chariots of the lords and the masters were inside the huts,

And the men, longing for a commander dear to Ares, and since they were not fighting,

Wandered to and fo, here and there, throughout the camp.

242

(780) Οἳ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἴσαν2652 ὡς εἴ τε πυρὶ2653 χθὼν2654 πᾶσα2655 νέμοιτο,2656

γαῖα δ᾽ ὑπεστενάχιζε2657 Διὶ ὣς τερπικεραύνῳ2658

χωομένῳ2659 ὅτε τ᾽ ἀμφὶ Τυφωέϊ2660 γαῖαν ἱμάσσῃ2661

εἰν Ἀρίμοις,2662 ὅθι φασὶ2663 Τυφωέος2664 ἔμμεναι2665 εὐνάς,2666

ὣς ἄρα τῶν ὑπὸ ποσσὶ2667 μέγα2668 στεναχίζετο2669 γαῖα

(785) ἐρχομένων,2670 μάλα δ᾽ ὦκα2671 διέπρησσον2672 πεδίοιο.2673

2652 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἶμι. 2653 neut. dat. sing. of πῦρ. 2654 fem. nom. sing. of χθών, the earth, the ground. 2655 adj., fem. nom. sing. of πᾶς. 2656 3rd sing. pres. mid. pass. opt. of νέμω. 2657 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ὑποστεναχίζω, to groan beneath, to groan under. 2658 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of τερπικέραυνος. 2659 masc. dat. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of χώομαι. 2660 masc. dat. sing. of Τυφωεύς, Typhoëus, a monster, originally symbolical of the volcanic agencies of nature. (Autenrieth) 2661 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἱμάσσω, to flog. 2662 masc. dat. pl. of Ἄριμα, Arima, the name of a region in Cilcilia. (Autenrieth) 2663 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of φημί. 2664 masc. gen. sing. of Τυφωεύς. 2665 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί. 2666 fem. acc. pl. of εὐνή, in pl., the abode. 2667 masc. dat. pl. of πούς. 2668 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας. 2669 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of στεναχίζω. 2670 masc. gen. pl. pres. act. part. of ἔρχομαι. 2671 Adv. quickly. 2672 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of διαπράσσω, to pass over, to go over; to bring about, accomplish, effect, settle. 2673 neut. gen. sing. of πεδίον, a plain. 243

And on account of the going about of the men living around there,

It was as if the earth had been burned by fire

And the Earth groaned just like when the land near Typhoëus

Was flogged with the anger of the God Delighting in Thunder,

Where they say Typhoëus lives, and in the same waythe Earth gave out a great sigh

Under their feet from their coming and going as they very quickly passed over the plain.

244

Τρωσὶν δ᾽ ἄγγελος2674 ἦλθε2675 ποδήνεμος2676 ὠκέα2677 Ἶρις2678

πὰρ2679 Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο σὺν ἀγγελίῃ2680 ἀλεγεινῇ,2681

οἳ δ᾽ ἀγορὰς2682 ἀγόρευον2683 ἐπὶ Πριάμοιο2684 θύρῃσι2685

πάντες2686 ὁμηγερέες2687 ἠμὲν2688 νέοι ἠδὲ γέροντες:

(790) ἀγχοῦ2689 δ᾽ ἱσταμένη2690 προσέφη2691 πόδας2692 ὠκέα Ἶρις,

εἴσατο2693 δὲ φθογγὴν2694 υἷϊ2695 Πριάμοιο Πολίτῃ,2696

2674 fem. nom. sing. of ἄγγελος. 2675 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἔρχομαι. 2676 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ποδήνεμος, windswift, epth. of Iris. 2677 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ὠκύς, quick, swift, fleet. 2678 fem. nom. sing. of Ἶρις, Iris, a messenger of the Gods. 2679 Prep. (παρά) + gen., from the side of, from beside. 2680 fem. dat. sing. of ἀγγελία, a message, tidings, news. 2681 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of ἀλεγεινός, causing pain, grievous. 2682 fem. gen. sing. of ἀγορά. 2683 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἀγορεύω. 2684 masc. gen. sing. of Πρίαμος. 2685 fem. dat. pl. of θύρα, a door. 2686 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πᾶς. 2687 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ὁμηγερής, the assembled. 2688 Conj., both. 2689 Adv. near. 2690 fem. nom. sing. of ἵστημι. 2691 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of πρόσφημι. 2692 masc. acc. pl. of πούς. 2693 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of εἶμι. 2694 fem. acc. sing. of φθογγή, a voice. 2695 masc. dat. sing. of υἱός. 2696 masc. dat. sing. of Πολίτης, Polites 245

And the messenger Iris, Quick as the Wind, went from beside

The Aegis-bearing Zeus to the Trojans with a painful message,

And they were holding an assembly in the Agora at gates of Priam,

Everyone was assembled, both young men and old,

And swift-footed Iris, standing near, spoke to them,

And she came with the voice of Polites, son of Priam,

246

ὃς Τρώων σκοπὸς2697 ἷζε2698 ποδωκείῃσι2699 πεποιθὼς2700

τύμβῳ2701 ἐπ᾽ ἀκροτάτῳ2702 Αἰσυήταο2703 γέροντος,2704

δέγμενος2705 ὁππότε2706 ναῦφιν2707 ἀφορμηθεῖεν2708 Ἀχαιοί,

(795) τῷ μιν2709 ἐεισαμένη2710 προσέφη2711 πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,

Ὦ γέρον2712 αἰεί τοι2713 μῦθοι2714 φίλοι ἄκριτοί2715 εἰσιν,2716

ὥς ποτ᾽2717 ἐπ᾽ εἰρήνης,2718 πόλεμος δ᾽ ἀλίαστος2719 ὄρωρεν.2720

2697 masc. nom. sing. of σκοπός, one that watches, one that looks about. 2698 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἵζω, to make to sit. 2699 fem. dat. pl. of ποδώκεια, swiftness of foot. 2700 masc. nom. sing. perf. act. part. of πείθω. 2701 masc. dat. sing. of τύμβος, sepulchral mound, cairn, barrow. 2702 Adj., superl., masc. dat. sing. of ἄκρος. 2703 masc. gen. sing. of Αἰσυήτης, Aesyetes. 2704 masc. gen. sing. of γέρων. 2705 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of δέχομαι, to receive as an enemy, to await the attack of, Lat. excipere. (Liddell and Scott) 2706 Adv. (ὁπότε), when. 2707 fem. dat. pl. of ναῦς. 2708 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἀφορμάω, in Pass., to go forth, start, depart from a place. 2709 Pron., fem. acc. sing. of μιν. 2710 fem. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of εἴδομαι, to be visible, to appear, to seem. 2711 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of πρόσφημι. 2712 masc. voc. sing. of γέρων. 2713 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 2714 masc. nom. pl. of μῦθος. 2715 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἄκριτος, confused. 2716 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2717 Partic. (ποτέ), at some time, once, some day. 2718 fem. gen. sing. of εἰρήνη, peace. 2719 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀλίαστος, not to be turned aside, unabating. 2720 perf. act. inf. of ὄρνυμι. 247

He who, on account of his swiftness of foot, was made to sit as a lookout for the Trojans,

On the highest point of the tomb of the old man Aesyetes

Waiting for the Achaeans to arrive in their ships,

Swift-footed Iris, making herself visible spoke to them:

O my dear old man, their rambling speeches have always amused you

When in time of peace, but war arises unabated.

248

Ἤδη2721 μὲν μάλα2722 πολλὰ2723 μάχας2724 εἰσήλυθον2725 ἀνδρῶν,

ἀλλ᾽ οὔ πω2726 τοιόνδε2727 τοσόνδέ2728 τε λαὸν2729 ὄπωπα,2730

(800) λίην2731 γὰρ φύλλοισιν2732 ἐοικότες2733 ἢ ψαμάθοισιν2734

ἔρχονται2735 πεδίοιο2736 μαχησόμενοι2737 προτὶ2738 ἄστυ.2739

2721 Adv., already, by this time. 2722 Adv., very. 2723 Adj., neut. pl. of πολύς. 2724 fem. acc. pl. of μάχη. 2725 1st sing. aor. act. ind. of εἰσέρχομαι, to go into, to enter upon. 2726 Partic., up to this time, yet. 2727 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of τοιόσδε, such as this. 2728 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of τοσόσδε, so strong, so able. 2729 masc. acc. sing. of λαός. 2730 1st sing. perf. act. ind. of ὁράω, to look, or to see. 2731 Adv. (λίαν), very, exceedingly. 2732 neut. dat. pl. of φύλλον. 2733 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of ἔοικα, to be like, to look like. 2734 fem. dat. pl. of ψάμαθος, sand of the sea-shore. 2735 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. ἔρχομαι. 2736 neut. gen. sing. of πεδίον. 2737 masc. nom. pl. fut. mid. part. of μάχομαι. 2738 Prep. (πρός), on the side of, in the direction of. 2739 neut. sing. of ἄστυ. 249

Already by this time I have entered into very many battles along with the other men,

But up until now I have not seen able men such as these,

For the men coming across the plain in numer exceed leaves on a tree,

Or the grains of sand on the sea-shore, and they will fight against the town.

250

Ἕκτορ2740 σοὶ2741 δὲ μάλιστ᾽ ἐπιτέλλομαι,2742 ὧδε δὲ ῥέξαι:2743

πολλοὶ γὰρ κατὰ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμου ἐπίκουροι,2744

ἄλλη2745 δ᾽ ἄλλων2746 γλῶσσα2747 πολυσπερέων2748 ἀνθρώπων,

(805) τοῖσιν2749 ἕκαστος ἀνὴρ σημαινέτω2750 οἷσί2751 περ ἄρχει,2752

τῶν δ᾽ ἐξηγείσθω2753 κοσμησάμενος2754 πολιήτας.2755

Ὣς ἔφαθ᾽,2756 Ἕκτωρ δ᾽ οὔ τι Θεᾶς2757 ἔπος ἠγνοίησεν,2758

αἶψα2759 δ᾽ ἔλυσ᾽2760 ἀγορήν, ἐπὶ τεύχεα2761 δ᾽ ἐσσεύοντο,2762

2740 masc. voc. sing. of Ἕκτωρ. 2741 Pro., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 2742 1st sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἐπιτέλλω. 2743 aor. act. inf. of ῥέζω. 2744 masc. nom. pl. of ἐπίκουρος, helper, ally. 2745 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of ἄλλος. 2746 adj., masc. gen. pl. of ἄλλος. 2747 fem. nom. sing. of γλῶσσα. 2748 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of πολυσπερής, wide-spread, spread over the Earth. 2749 Art., masc. dat. pl. of ὁ. 2750 3rd sing. pres. act. imper. of σημαίνω, show by a sign, indicate, point out. 2751 Pron., masc. dat. pl. of ὅς. 2752 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2753 3rd sing. pres. mid. imper. of ἐξηγέομαι, to be the leader of. 2754 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of κοσμέω. 2755 masc. nom. sing. of πολίτης, a free citizen. 2756 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of φημί. 2757 fem. gen. sing. of Θεά, a Goddess. 2758 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀγνοέω, to not know, to nor perceive, to be ignorant of. 2759 Adv., quickly, forthwith. 2760 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of λύω. 2761 neut. pl. of τεῦχος, a too, an implement; implements of war. 2762 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of σεύω, to put in quick motion: to drive, hunt, chase away. 251

O Hector, I thee beseech most, and let thee act thus:

Seeing that there are many allies down here in the great big town of Priam,

But the language of the other men is diverse,

Therefore let each man indicate by a sign to whom he owes all leadership,

And then let a fellow citizen arrange those men in order for battle.

And as she spoke, Hector did not not know it was the advice of a Goddess

And forthwith broke up the assembly, and the men were urged to arms,

252

πᾶσαι2763 δ᾽ ὠΐγνυντο2764 πύλαι,2765 ἐκ δ᾽ ἔσσυτο2766 λαὸς

(810) πεζοί2767 θ᾽ ἱππῆές2768 τε, πολὺς δ᾽ ὀρυμαγδὸς2769 ὀρώρει.2770

Ἔστι δέ τις2771 προπάροιθε2772 πόλιος2773 αἰπεῖα2774 κολώνη2775

ἐν πεδίῳ ἀπάνευθε2776 περίδρομος2777 ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,

τὴν ἤτοι2778 ἄνδρες Βατίειαν2779 κικλήσκουσιν,2780

ἀθάνατοι δέ τε σῆμα2781 πολυσκάρθμοιο2782 Μυρίνης,2783

(815) ἔνθα τότε Τρῶές τε διέκριθεν2784 ἠδ᾽ ἐπίκουροι.2785

2763 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of πᾶς. 2764 3rd pl. imperf. pass. ind. of οἴγω, to open. 2765 fem. nom. pl. of πύλη, one wing of a pair of double gates. 2766 3rd sing. imperf. mid. ind. of σεύω. 2767 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πεζός, on foot, walking; a foot soldier. 2768 masc. nom. pl. of ἱππεύς, a charioteer. 2769 masc. nom. sing. of ὀρυμαγδός, loud noise, din. 2770 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of ὄρνυμι. 2771 Pron., fem. nom. sing. of τις. 2772 Prep. + gen., προπάροιθε. 2773 fem. gen. sing. of πόλις. 2774 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of αἰπύς. 2775 fem. nom. sing. of κολώνη, a hill, or a mound. 2776 Adv., far away, far off. 2777 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of περίδρομος. 2778 Partic., now surely, truly, verily. 2779 fem. acc. sing. of Βατίεια, Batieia, βάτος, Thorn Hill, the name of the height on the plain of Troy, before the city. (Autenrieth) 2780 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of κικλήσκω, to call, or to summon; to name, to call by name. 2781 neut. sing. of σῆμα, a sign, a mark, or a token. 2782 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of πολύσκαρθμος, much or far - springing, bounding, agile, epith. of the Amazon Myrīne. (Autenrieth) 2783 fem. gen. sing. of Μυρίνη, Myrine, an Amazon, whose burial mound was called Thorn Hill. (Autenrieth) 2784 3rd pl. aor. pass. ind. of διακρίνω. 2785 masc. nom. pl. of ἐπίκουρος, helper, ally. 253

And all the gates were opened, and the foot-soldiers and the charioteers

Outside were quickly driven inside and caused a lot of commotion.

Now there is a steep hill in front of the city on the sprawling circular plain,

And indeed men call her Batieia,

But the Immortals give it the name Myrine the Far Bounding,

And then and there the Trojans were separated from their allies.

254

Τρωσὶ μὲν ἡγεμόνευε2786 μέγας κορυθαίολος2787 Ἕκτωρ

Πριαμίδης, ἅμα2788 τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι2789 καὶ ἄριστοι2790

λαοὶ θωρήσσοντο2791 μεμαότες2792 ἐγχείῃσι.2793

Δαρδανίων αὖτ᾽2794 ἦρχεν2795 ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο2796

(820) Αἰνείας,2797 τὸν ὑπ᾽ Ἀγχίσῃ τέκε2798 Δῖ᾽ Ἀφροδίτη2799

Ἴδης2800 ἐν κνημοῖσι2801 Θεὰ βροτῷ2802 εὐνηθεῖσα,2803

οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω Ἀντήνορος2804 υἷε2805

Ἀρχέλοχός2806 τ᾽ Ἀκάμας2807 τε μάχης2808 εὖ εἰδότε2809 πάσης.2810

2786 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἡγεμονεύω. 2787 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of κορυθαίολος, with glancing helm. 2788 Adv., at once, at the same time. 2789 Adj., superl., masc. nom. pl. of πλεῖστος. 2790 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἄριστος. 2791 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of θωρήσσω, arm with a breastplate. 2792 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of μέμαα. 2793 fem. dat. pl. of ἐγχείη, spear, lance. 2794 Adv. (αὖτε), again, furthermore, next. 2795 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2796 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀγχίσης, Anchises, son of Capys, father of Aenēas. (Autenrieth) 2797 masc. nom. sing. of Αἰνείας, Aeneas, on of Anchises and Aphrodite, ruler of the Dardanians, by his descent from Tros, sailed to western Italy with his father after the sack of Troy, married the daughter of King Latinus, and founded a town named after his wife, Lavinia—whence Rome. 2798 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίκτω. 2799 fem. nom. sing. of Ἀφροδίτη, Aphrodite. 2800 fem. gen. sing. of Ἴδη, Mt. Ida. 2801 masc. dat. pl. of κνημός, a mountain valley. 2802 masc. dat. sing. of βροτός. 2803 fem. nom. sing. aor. pass. part. of εὐνάω, to lay asleep. 2804 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀντήνωρ, Antenor. 2805 masc. nom. dual of υἱός. 2806 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀρχέλοχος, Archelochus, a Trojan, son of Antēnor. (Autenrieth) 2807 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀκάμας, Akamas, son of Antenor and Theano. (Autenrieth) 2808 fem. gen. sing. of μάχη. 2809 masc. nom. dual. perf. act. part. of οἶδα. 2810 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of πᾶς. 255

And the great Glancing Helmed Hector, son of Priam, led the Trojans

And at once a much larger number and the the best men were with him,

And the men were eager to arm themselves with a breast plate and spear.

After him, Aeneas son of Anchises was the leader of the Dardanans,

The Goddess Aphrodite brought him forth by Anchises,

In the valleys of Mt. Ida the Goddess slept with a mortal man,

And he was not alone, together with him were two sons of Antenor

Archelochus and Akamas, and both knew everything about fighting.

256

Οἳ δὲ Ζέλειαν2811 ἔναιον2812 ὑπαὶ2813 πόδα2814 νείατον2815 Ἴδης2816

(825) ἀφνειοὶ2817 πίνοντες2818 ὕδωρ2819 μέλαν2820 Αἰσήποιο2821

Τρῶες, τῶν αὖτ᾽ ἦρχε2822 Λυκάονος2823 ἀγλαὸς2824 υἱὸς

Πάνδαρος,2825 ᾧ2826 καὶ τόξον2827 Ἀπόλλων αὐτὸς ἔδωκεν.2828

2811 fem. acc. sing. of Ζέλεια, Zeleia. 2812 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναίω. 2813 Prep., ὑπό. 2814 masc. acc. sing. of πούς. 2815 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of νέατος, the lowest, ὑπαὶ πόδα νείατον Ἴδης = at the lowest slope of Ida. (Liddell and Scott) 2816 fem. gen. sing. of Ἴδη. 2817 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἀφνειός. 2818 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of πίνω. 2819 neut. sing. of ὕδωρ, water. 2820 Adj., neut. sing. of μέλας. 2821 masc. gen. sing. of Αἴσηπος, Aesepus, a river emptying into the Propontis, near Cyzicus. (Autenrieth) 2822 3rd sing. perf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2823 masc. gen. sing. of Λυκάων, Lycaon. 2824 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀγλαός. 2825 masc. nom. sing. of Πάνδαρος, Pandaros. 2826 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ὅς. 2827 neut. sing. of τόξον. 2828 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of δίδωμι. 257

And those who lived in Zeleia at the furthest base at the foot of Mt. Ida,

Wealth Trojans, they drank the dark water of the River Aesepus,

And those men moreover were led by Pandaros, the famous son of Lycaon, and Apollo himself gave a bow to him.

258

Οἳ δ᾽ Ἀδρήστειάν2829 τ᾽ εἶχον2830 καὶ δῆμον2831 Ἀπαισοῦ2832

καὶ Πιτύειαν2833 ἔχον2834 καὶ Τηρείης2835 ὄρος2836 αἰπύ,2837

(830) τῶν ἦρχ᾽2838 Ἄδρηστός2839 τε καὶ Ἄμφιος2840 λινοθώρηξ2841

υἷε2842 δύω Μέροπος2843 Περκωσίου,2844 ὃς περὶ πάντων

ᾔδεε2845 μαντοσύνας,2846 οὐδὲ οὓς παῖδας2847 ἔασκε2848

στείχειν2849 ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα,2850 τὼ δέ οἱ οὔ τι

πειθέσθην,2851 Κῆρες2852 γὰρ ἄγον2853 μέλανος2854 θανάτοιο.2855

2829 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀδράστεια, Adrasteia. 2830 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 2831 masc. acc. sing. of δῆμος. 2832 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀπαισός, Apaisos. 2833 fem. acc. sing. of Πιτύεια, Pitueia. 2834 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 2835 fem. gen. sing. of Τήρεια, Tereia. 2836 neut. sing. of ὄρος. 2837 Adj., neut. sing. of αἰπύς. 2838 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2839 masc. nom. sing. of Ἄδρηστός. 2840 masc. nom. sing. of Ἄμφιος, Amphios. 2841 masc. nom. sing. of λινοθώρηξ. 2842 masc. acc. dual of υἱός. 2843 masc. gen. sing. of Μέροψ, Merops. 2844 masc. gen. sing. of Περκώσιος, of Percote. 2845 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of οἶδα. 2846 fem. acc. pl. of μαντοσύνη, the art of divination. 2847 masc. acc. pl. of παῖς. 2848 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἐάω. 2849 pres. act. inf. of στείχω. 2850 masc. acc. sing. of φθισήνωρ, the destroying or the killing of men. 2851 3rd dual imperf. mid./pass. ind. of πείθω. 2852 fem. nom. pl. of Κήρ, Ker(es), The Goddesses of Death, (specifically cruel and violent deaths, including death in battle, by accident, murder or ravaging disease); they numbered in the thousands and were the daughters of Nyx and Erebus, and the sisters of Thanatos and Hypnos. Their Roman counterparts were the Letum or the Tenebrae. (Wiktionary) 2853 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 2854 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of μέλας. 2855 masc. gen. sing. of θάνατος, death. 259

And they held Adrasteia and the Deme of Apaisos,

And they held Pitueia and the steep mountain of Tereia,

Those men were led by Adrestos and Amphios of the Linen Cuirass,

Both sons of Merops of Perkote, who was skilled over all men in the art of divination,

And would not allow his sons to march off to a war for the killing of men,

But they would not listen to him, for they were by the Goddesses of Doom

To the blackness of death.

260

(835) Οἳ δ᾽ ἄρα Περκώτην2856 καὶ Πράκτιον2857 ἀμφενέμοντο2858

καὶ Σηστὸν2859 καὶ Ἄβυδον2860 ἔχον καὶ Δῖαν2861 Ἀρίσβην,2862

τῶν αὖθ᾽2863 Ὑρτακίδης2864 ἦρχ᾽2865 Ἄσιος2866 ὄρχαμος2867 ἀνδρῶν,

Ἄσιος Ὑρτακίδης2868 ὃν2869 Ἀρίσβηθεν2870 φέρον2871 ἵπποι2872

αἴθωνες2873 μεγάλοι2874 ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος.2875

2856 masc. acc. sing. of Περκώτης. 2857 masc. acc. sing. of Πράκτιος, Praktios 2858 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀμφινέμομαι. 2859 fem. acc. sing. of Σηστός, Sestos. 2860 fem. acc. sing. of Ἄβυδος, Abydos. 2861 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of Δῖος, divine. 2862 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀρίσβη, Arisbe. 2863 Adv., αὖθι. 2864 masc. nom. sing. of Ὑρτακίδης, son of Hyrtactus. 2865 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2866 masc. nom. sing. of Ἄσιος, Asios. 2867 masc. nom. sing. of ὄρχαμος, a leader. 2868 masc. nom. sing. of Ὑρτακίδης, son of Hyrtacus. 2869 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of ὅς. 2870 Adv. (Ἀρίσβη), from Arisbe. 2871 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of φέρω. 2872 masc. nom. pl. of ἵππος. 2873 masc./fem. nom. pl. of αἴθων, of the horse, lion, bull, eagle—where it is either fiery, fierce, or tawny. (Liddell and Scott) 2874 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of μέγας. 2875 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of Σελλήεις, River Selleïs. 261

And those who lived around Perkote and Prakitos,

And they held Sestos and Abydos and Arisbe the Divine,

They were led here by the son of Hyrtacus Asios, Leader of Men,

Asios, son of Hyrtacus, great big fierce horses bore him along

From the River Selleïs on through Arisbe.

262

(840) Ἱππόθοος2876 δ᾽ ἄγε φῦλα2877 Πελασγῶν2878 ἐγχεσιμώρων2879

τῶν οἳ Λάρισαν2880 ἐριβώλακα2881 ναιετάασκον,2882

τῶν ἦρχ᾽2883 Ἱππόθοός τε Πύλαιός2884 τ᾽ ὄζος Ἄρηος,

υἷε2885 δύω Λήθοιο2886 Πελασγοῦ2887 Τευταμίδαο.2888

Αὐτὰρ Θρήϊκας2889 ἦγ᾽ Ἀκάμας2890 καὶ Πείροος2891 ἥρως2892

(845) ὅσσους Ἑλλήσποντος2893 ἀγάρροος2894 ἐντὸς ἐέργει.2895

2876 masc. nom. sing. of Ἱππόθοος, Hippothous. 2877 neut. pl. of φῦλον. 2878 masc. gen. pl. of Πελασγός, a Pelasgian. 2879 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of ἐγχεσίμωρος. 2880 fem. acc. sing. of Λάρισα, Larisa. 2881 fem. acc. sing. of ἐριβῶλαξ, with large clods, very fertile. 2882 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναιετάω. 2883 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2884 masc. nom. sing. of Πυλαῖος, Pylaeus. 2885 masc. nom. dual of υἱός. 2886 masc. gen. sing. of Λῆθος, Lethos. 2887 masc. gen. sing. of Πελασγός. 2888 masc. gen. sing. of Τευταμίδης, son of Teutamias. 2889 masc. acc. pl. of Θρᾷξ, a Thracian. 2890 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀκάμας, Akamas. 2891 masc. nom. sing. of Πείροος, Peirous. 2892 masc. nom. sing. of ἥρως. 2893 masc. nom. sing. of Ἑλλήσποντος, the Hellespont. 2894 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀγάρροος, strong-flowing, swift-flowing. 2895 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἔργω. 263

And Hippothous led the tribes of the Pelasgians, Mighty with Spears,

And those living around Larisa, the Very Fertile,

Those men were led by Hippothous and Pylaeus—Root and Branch of Ares.

But the Thracians were nevertheless led by Akmas and Peirous—a Hero—

Men so great were contained the swift-flowing Hellespont.

264

Εὔφημος2896 δ᾽ ἀρχὸς2897 Κικόνων2898 ἦν2899 αἰχμητάων2900

υἱὸς2901 Τροιζήνοιο2902 Διοτρεφέος2903 Κεάδαο.2904

Αὐτὰρ Πυραίχμης2905 ἄγε2906 Παίονας2907 ἀγκυλοτόξους2908

τηλόθεν2909 ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος2910 ἀπ᾽ Ἀξιοῦ2911 εὐρὺ2912 ῥέοντος,2913

(850) Ἀξιοῦ οὗ2914 κάλλιστον2915 ὕδωρ ἐπικίδναται2916 αἶαν.2917

2896 masc. nom. sing. of Εὔφημος, Euphemus. 2897 masc. nom. sing. of ἀρχός. 2898 masc. gen. pl. of Κίκονες, the Kikonians. 2899 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 2900 masc. gen. sing. of αἰχμητής. 2901 masc. nom. sing. of υἱός. 2902 masc. gen. sing. of Τροίζηνος, Troezenus. 2903 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of Διοτρεφής. 2904 masc. gen. sing. of Κεάδης, son of Keas. 2905 masc. nom. sing. of Πυραίχμης, Pyraechmes. 2906 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 2907 masc. acc. pl. of Παίονες, the Paeonians. 2908 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of ἀγκυλότοξος, with a coorked, bent, or curved bow. 2909 Adv., from afar, from a foreign land. 2910 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀμυδών, Amydon. 2911 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀξιός, River Axios 2912 Adj., neut. sing. of εὐρύς. 2913 masc. gen. sing. of ῥέω, flow, run, stream, gush. 2914 Pron., neut. gen. sing. of ὅς. 2915 Adj., superl., neut. sing. of καλός. 2916 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἐπικίδνημι. 2917 fem. acc. sing. of αἶα, the Earth. 265

And Euphemus son of Troezenus, son of Keas—Beloved of God—

Was the leader of the Kikonian spearmen.

And besides that, Pyraechmes led the Paeonians of the Bent Bow

From the broad flowing River Axios, out of far away Amydon,

For the waters of the Axios spread most beautifully across the ground.

266

Παφλαγόνων2918 δ᾽ ἡγεῖτο2919 Πυλαιμένεος2920 λάσιον2921 κῆρ2922

ἐξ Ἐνετῶν,2923 ὅθεν2924 ἡμιόνων2925 γένος ἀγροτεράων,2926

οἵ ῥα Κύτωρον2927 ἔχον2928 καὶ Σήσαμον2929 ἀμφενέμοντο2930

ἀμφί τε Παρθένιον2931 ποταμὸν κλυτὰ2932 δώματ᾽2933 ἔναιον2934

(855) Κρῶμνάν2935 τ᾽ Αἰγιαλόν2936 τε καὶ ὑψηλοὺς2937 Ἐρυθίνους.2938

2918 masc. gen. pl. Παφλαγών, a Paphlagonian. 2919 3rd sing. imperf. mid. ind. of ἡγέομαι. 2920 masc. gen. sing. of Πυλαιμένης, Pylaemenes. 2921 Adj., neut. sing. of λάσιος. 2922 neut. sing. of κῆρ, the heart. 2923 masc. gen. pl. of Ἐνετοί, the Eneti 2924 Adv., whence. 2925 masc. gen. pl. of ἡμίονος, half-ass, i.e. a mule. 2926 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of ἀγρότερος, wild. 2927 fem. acc. sing. of Κύτωρος, Kytoros. 2928 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 2929 masc. acc. sing. of Σήσαμος, Sesamos. 2930 3rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀμφινέμομαι. 2931 masc. acc. sing. of Παρθένιος, Parthenius. 2932 Adj., neut. pl. of κλυτός. 2933 neut. pl. of δῶμα. 2934 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ναίω. 2935 fem. acc. sing. of Κρῶμνα, Kromna. 2936 masc. acc. sing. of Αἰγιαλός, Aegialos. 2937 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of ὑψηλός. 2938 masc. acc. pl. of Ἐρυθῖνοι, Erythini. 267

And the Paphlagonians were led by the hard hearted Pylaemenes out of Eneti,

Whence the tribe of wild-asses,

Those men held Kytoros and lived around Sesamon

And lived in glorious houses around the River Parthenius,

And Kromna and Aegialos, and Erythini the Lofty.

268

Αὐτὰρ Ἁλιζώνων2939 Ὀδίος2940 καὶ Ἐπίστροφος2941 ἦρχον2942

τηλόθεν ἐξ Ἀλύβης,2943 ὅθεν ἀργύρου2944 ἐστὶ γενέθλη.2945

Μυσῶν2946 δὲ Χρόμις2947 ἦρχε2948 καὶ Ἔννομος2949 οἰωνιστής,2950

ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ οἰωνοῖσιν2951 ἐρύσατο2952 Κῆρα2953 μέλαιναν,2954

(860) ἀλλ᾽ ἐδάμη2955 ὑπὸ χερσὶ2956 ποδώκεος2957 Αἰακίδαο2958

ἐν ποταμῷ,2959 ὅθι2960 περ2961 Τρῶας2962 κεράϊζε2963 καὶ ἄλλους.

2939 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Ἁλίζωνος, the Halizones. 2940 masc. nom. sing. of Ὀδίος, Odios. 2941 masc. nom. sing. of Ἐπίστροφος, Epistrophus. 2942 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 2943 fem. gen. sing. of Ἀλύβη, Alybe. 2944 masc. gen. sing. of ἄργυρος, silver. 2945 fem. nom. sing. of γενέθλη, of place or time, birth-place: metaph., ἀργύρου γ. a silvermine. (Liddell and Scott) 2946 masc. gen. pl. of Μυσός, a Mysian; from their effeminate character, Μυσῶν λεία came to mean a prey to all, of anything that can be plundered with impunity. (Liddell and Scott) 2947 fem. nom. sing. of Χρόμις, Chromis. 2948 3rd sing. imperf. act. of ἄρχω. 2949 masc. nom. sing. of Ἔννομος, Ennomos. 2950 masc. nom. sing. of οἰωνιστής, one who fortells from the flight of birds, an Augur; a birdwatcher. 2951 masc. dat. pl. of οἰωνός. 2952 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ῥύομαι, to draw to oneself, i. e. draw out of danger, to rescue, save, deliver. (Liddell and Scott) 2953 fem. acc. sing. of Κήρ, the Goddess of Death. 2954 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of μέλας. 2955 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of δαμάζω, to overpower; to strike dead, kill. (Liddell and Scott) 2956 fem. dat. pl. of χείρ. 2957 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ποδώκης, swiftfooted. 2958 masc. gen. sing. of Αἰακίδης, son of Aeacus. 2959 masc. dat. sing. of ποταμός. 2960 Adv., where. 2961 ὅθι περ = just where. (Seymour, Thomas D., Homer's Iliad, Books I-III, Boston: Ginn and Company: 1891.) 2962 masc. acc. pl. of Τρώς. 2963 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κεραίζω, to ravage, despoil, plunder. 269

And besides that Odius and Epistrophus led those of the Halizones

From Far Alybe, where silver comes from.

And the Mysians were led by Chromis and Ennomos the Bird Watcher,

But his large birds of prey did not save him from Black Death,

But he was murdered at the hands of the swiftfooted son of Aeacus

In the river, right where he despoiled the Trojans and their allies.

270

Φόρκυς2964 αὖ Φρύγας2965 ἦγε2966 καὶ Ἀσκάνιος2967 Θεοειδὴς2968

τῆλ᾽2969 ἐξ Ἀσκανίης,2970 μέμασαν2971 δ᾽ ὑσμῖνι2972 μάχεσθαι.2973

Μῄοσιν2974 αὖ Μέσθλης2975 τε καὶ Ἄντιφος2976 ἡγησάσθην2977

(865) υἷε2978 Ταλαιμένεος2979 τὼ2980 Γυγαίη2981 τέκε2982 λίμνη,2983

οἳ καὶ Μῄονας2984 ἦγον2985 ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ2986 γεγαῶτας.2987

2964 masc. nom. sing. of Φόρκυς, Phorcys. 2965 masc. acc. pl. of Φρύξ, a Phrygian. 2966 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 2967 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀσκάνιος, Ascanius. 2968 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of Θεοειδής, Godlike. 2969 Adv. (τῆλε), in gen., far from. (Liddell and Scott) 2970 fem. gen. sing. of Ἀσκανίη, Askania. 2971 3rd pl. pluperf. act. ind. of μέμαα. 2972 masc. dat. sing. of ὑσμίνη. 2973 pres. mid./pass. inf. of μάχομαι. 2974 masc. dat. pl. of Μῄων, the Maeonians. 2975 masc. nom. sing. of Μέσθλης, Mesthles. 2976 masc. nom. sing. of Ἄντιφος, Antiphos. 2977 3rd dual aor. mid. ind. of ἡγέομαι. 2978 masc. nom. dual of υἱός. 2979 masc. gen. sing. of Ταλαιμένης, Talaemenes. 2980 Art., masc. acc. dual of ὁ. 2981 fem. nom. sing. of Γυγαίη, Gygaean. 2982 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of τίκτω. 2983 fem. nom. sing. of λίμνη. 2984 masc. acc. pl. of Μῄων. 2985 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἄγω. 2986 masc. dat. sing. of Τμῶλος, Mt. Tmolus. 2987 masc. acc. pl. of γίγνομαι. 271

Phorcys and Ascanius, the Godlike, together led the Phrygians far from Askania,

And they yearned to fight in a battle.

And Mesthles and Antiphos together both led the Maeonians,

A Gygaean lake brought forth both the sons for Talaemenes,

And they led the Maeonians who happened to be from Mt. Tmolus.

272

Νάστης2988 αὖ Καρῶν2989 ἡγήσατο2990 βαρβαροφώνων,2991

οἳ Μίλητον2992 ἔχον2993 Φθιρῶν2994 τ᾽ ὄρος ἀκριτόφυλλον2995

Μαιάνδρου2996 τε ῥοὰς2997 Μυκάλης2998 τ᾽ αἰπεινὰ2999 κάρηνα,3000

(870) τῶν μὲν ἄρ᾽ Ἀμφίμαχος3001 καὶ Νάστης ἡγησάσθην,3002

Νάστης Ἀμφίμαχός τε Νομίονος ἀγλαὰ τέκνα,

2988 masc. nom. sing. of Νάστης, Nastes. 2989 masc. gen. pl. of Κάρ, a Karian. 2990 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἡγέομαι. 2991 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of βαρβαροφωνέω, to babble nonsense. 2992 fem. acc. sing. of Μίλητος, Miletus. 2993 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω. 2994 fem. gen. pl. of Φθιραί, Phthires. 2995 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀκριτόφυλλος. 2996 masc. gen. sing. of Μαίανδρος, Maeander. 2997 fem. acc. pl. of ῥοή, a river or a stream. 2998 fem. gen. sing. of Μυκάλη, Mycale. 2999 adj., neut. pl. of αἰπεινός. 3000 neut. pl. of κάρηνον. 3001 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀμφίμαχος, Amphimachus 3002 3rd dual aor. mid. ind. of ἡγέομαι. 273

And furthermore, Nates himself, babbling nonsense, for the Karians led the way,

They held Miletus and the densely leafed mountain of the Phthires,

And the streams of the Maeander and the lofty peaks of Mycale,

Those men were led by both Amphimachus and Nastes,

Nastes and Amphimachus were the famous sons of Nomion,

274

ὃς καὶ χρυσὸν ἔχων3003 πόλεμον δ᾽ ἴεν3004 ἠΰτε3005 κούρη

νήπιος,3006 οὐδέ τί3007 οἱ3008 τό γ᾽ ἐπήρκεσε3009 λυγρὸν3010 ὄλεθρον,3011

ἀλλ᾽ ἐδάμη3012 ὑπὸ χερσὶ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο

(875) ἐν ποταμῷ, χρυσὸν δ᾽ Ἀχιλεὺς ἐκόμισσε3013 δαΐφρων.3014

Σαρπηδὼν3015 δ᾽ ἦρχεν3016 Λυκίων3017 καὶ Γλαῦκος3018 ἀμύμων3019

τηλόθεν3020 ἐκ Λυκίης,3021 Ξάνθου3022 ἄπο δινήεντος.3023

3003 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἔχω. 3004 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἶμι. 3005 Partic., like, or as. 3006 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of νήπιος, infant child. 3007 Pron., neut. sing. of τις. 3008 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἕ. 3009 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐπαρκέω, to be strong enough for. 3010 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of λυγρός, sore, baneful, mournful. 3011 masc. acc. sing. of ὄλεθρος, ruin, destruction, death. 3012 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of δαμάζω. 3013 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κομίζω, to carry away so as to preserve, carry home, carry safe away. 3014 Adj., mas. nom. sing. of δαίφρων, warlike. 3015 masc. nom. sing. of Σαρπηδών, Sarpedon. 3016 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἄρχω. 3017 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Λύκιος, the Lycians. 3018 masc. nom. sing. of Γλαῦκος, Glaukos. 3019 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀμύμων. 3020 Adv., far from. 3021 fem. gen. sing. of Λυκία, Lykia 3022 masc. gen. sing. of Ξάνθος, Xanthos. 3023 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of δινήεις, whirling, eddying. 275

And who, coming to the war, like a little girl, wearing gold,

Which was not something that kept a mournful death away from him,

But he was murdered in the river at the hands of the swiftfooted son of Aeacus,

And the warlike Achilles carried off his gold.

And Sarpedon and Glaukos the Blameless led the Lykians far fromLykia, and the whirling eddies of the River Xanthos.

[End Book II]