Modelling and Data Analysis Tools for Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe

Alexis P. Rouillard (CNRS/IRAP/CNES) and ESA’s Modelling and Data Analysis Working Group (MADAWG)

Talk describes work in preparaon for Solar Orbiter in

• the heliophysics team in Toulouse

• ESA’s Modelling and Data Analysis Working Group (MADAWG) Support for Solar Orbiter/Parker Solar Probe

To support fundamental research on coronal heang, solar wind research CMEs, SEPs we need to know:

-> some basic properes of the background corona (3-D magnec vector field, temperature, density, plasma speed distribuon) and the associated uncertaines in this derivaon,

-> to provide advanced catalogues (3-D cubes,…) with the necessary visualisaon tools.

Fundamental at all stages of the data acquision and analysis process

Owens and Forsyth 2013

Problems of models to derive coronal magnec fields:

• The extrapolated field is strongly model-dependent.

• The extrapolated field is stac.

• Realisc extrapolaons also require difficult horizontal photospheric field measurements and strong assumpons about crical but unobserved quanes (e.g. magnec field at the low-β coronal base is assumed to be the same as in the high-β photosphere).

• The extrapolated field cannot always reproduce accurately complex magnec configuraon of the solar corona.

Yeates et al. 2010 Solar Orbiter / Parker Solar Probe Connecvity Tool

• Aim is to deploy the SolO/PSP magnec connecvity tool: will provide esmates of where the two spacecra connect to on the solar surface either using past data (for science purposes) or else using forecasts of the solar magnec field (for operaonal purposes).

• In its forecasng mode the tool would esmate where SolO connects to the solar surface in order to decide where the remote-sensing instruments should point. Forecasted magnetograms can be ADAPT maps and Toulouse is pung in place a flux-transport model running on SDO magnetograms.

(Courtesy of Paolo Pagano) Predicng Erupvity of acve region magnec fields

Advanced data products: creang synchronous maps from mulple view points, geng ready for Solar Orbiter EUI

With mul- instrumental and mul-spacecra studies we immediately face the problem of synchronicity and spaal variability. Advanced data products: creang synchronous maps from mulple view points…. Advanced data products: creang synchronous maps from mulple coronagraphic views…. Photosphere to corona solar wind models run with realisc thermodynamics and high- resoluon magneto-stac models (PFSS, NLFF): -> provides simulated 3-D cubes of N,T,V to compare with observaons either via forward modeling (synthec imagery) or inversion of imagery (N,T,V). -> next step: transion to mul-species models (electron, proton, alphas and heavier ions) Synthec imagery

PFSS (or NLFF) 3-D solar wind plasma

Done by MHD modellers on smoothed magnetograms: SOHO C2

PSI Inc. (Linker et al. 2009, Downs et al. 2010) Pinto and Rouillard (2017)

New modelling capability put in place by IRAP (R. Pinto)

-> to extract solar wind along field lines in the plane of the sky -> compare directly with METIS-SolOHI data Moving to global mul-species and mul-temperature models: (IRAP Toulouse)

Protons Electrons Weakly collisional Fully ionised

Parker Solar Probe Transion ∇T region ∇E 2 Strongly collisional Parally ionised

Network Network We need simulated or inferred physical parameters of the corona (magnec fields, speeds, density, temperatures) for all topics(SEPs, solar wind, CMEs)

Slow solar wind SEP studies CME studies

Squashing factor Q-maps Providing catalogues of shocks Catalogues of CME (PSI, Polytechnique) (IRAP-JHAPL collaboraon) simulaons (CCMC, GMU, IRAP) e.g. HELCATS project Tool developments to connect in situ and remote-sensing data: moving to 3-D for Solar Orbiter:

propagaontool.cdpp.eu

Rouillard et al. (2017)

- Propagaon Tool going 3-D!

- Integraon SolO Connecvity Tool JHelioviewer: Interacvely visualize mul-viewpoint data

Today: To be added for SO + PSP: • Project solar and heliospheric data in 3D • In-situ data (me correlaon to images using ephemeris data requires model) • Display 1D and 2D me series • Funconality to support SO science • Overlay PFSS field lines, events from Events planning databases (HEK, SWEK) • Interface to SO archive + VSO • Difference movies • Augmented visualizaon

Müller et al. (2017) A&A 606, A10 Conclusions:

The preparaon of the Solar Orbiter mission involves the development of:

- ‘space-weather tools’ to help mission operaons,

- new techniques to exploit remote-sensing and in-situ datasets (for instance to derive the 3-D distribuon of coronal plasma parameters at any one me),

- advanced numerical models extending from the photosphere to the solar wind,

- collaboraons between Solar Orbiter and other space missions and ground-based instrumentaon.