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A Brief History of Royal Winchester

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A Brief History of Royal Winchester 6 Charles II accepted an invitation to visit 11 Hamo Thornycroft’s iconic statue Winchester in August 1682. This visit was so of King Alfred (right) commemorates enjoyable that the king decided to construct a the king’s famous links with the city – The text in this leafl et has been researched by palace there as a country seat. The following collect a copy of the City Walk at the Dr Elena Woodacre, Senior Lecturer in Early Modern year the court returned and construction tourist information centre for more History at the University of Winchester with began, assisted by the city who gave him the about this famous ruler. At the bottom assistance from colleagues in the departments of Great Hall and considerable ground around of The Broadway, at the intersection History and Archaeology, particularly Dr Katherine King Charles II the old castle site for the building work. In with Eastgate Street, King George III and Weikert, Dr Simon Roffey and Dr Ryan Lavelle as 1684, the king returned to the city twice to oversee construction on the 9 Winchester College (above) Queen Charlotte stayed at Eastgate House as the guests well as students from the Royal Winchester WRAP palace under the design of Sir Christopher Wren. Charles II’s untimely has played host to many royal of Winchester’s MP Henry Penton on their visit to Winchester Project: Luke Barnes, Jessica Watson, Ashleigh death on 6 February 1685 brought an end to the construction. visits from the fi fteenth century in 1778. The grand house Bridgeman and Jemma Harbot. to the present day, a popular stop no longer survives. James II did not share his brother’s desire for a country seat at on any royal tour of the city. College Continue on towards the Winchester and the works stopped during his brief reign. James’ records show that Henry VI visited at Guildhall – Abbey Gardens daughter Queen Anne visited the city with her consort Prince George Explore the layered least eight times during his long reign while 10 Though Wolvesey was the palace of the will be on your left hand of Denmark in August 1705. Anne intended to complete the work of regal history of his successor Edward IV visited three times in the 1460s. Bishop of Winchester, not the royal palace, it side. These gardens were her uncle Charles II on his palace but did not Winchester in depth Henry VIII brought Emperor Charles V here during his Winchester took on an increasingly important role during built on the site of St Mary’s fi nish the project during her reign. A fi re in with these trails: visit in 1522 and Mary Tudor and Philip of Spain where fêted here royal visits after the fi re at the castle in 1302. Abbey – the land was given 1894 destroyed what became known as the during the celebration of their wedding in Winchester in July 1554. In 1306 Queen Margaret came to Winchester King Richard II to the city by Mary I as a TSM0111-00922 WINCHESTER CITY WALK 2015_WINWAL2.QXD 15/07/2015 13:1 ‘King’s House’ and Peninsula Barracks (left) 5 5 The trail starts from the passageway behind the There was once a property that belonged MEDIEVAL Charles I was welcomed with speeches in 1629 and other Stuart for the birth of her child but due to the gift to celebrate her to Isaac of Newbury, another Jewish wool CITY WALK Buttercross which can be found in the High Street. ’ merchant here. Jewry Street looked a little A tour of King Alfred s Winchester Winchester City Council would like to thank different in medieval times; originally called members of the local community for their help Scowrtenestret Street (Shoemakers Street), it was constructed on the site using some of the 1 In this passageway is a plaque 1 in championing the story of the Medieval Jews was a busy area with many properties. It was JEWISH commemorating the palace of William the in the area. The text in this leafl et has been WEDDINGS close to the castle 15 where the Jews’ Tower Conqueror, who invited Jewish merchants 6 researched by Charlotte Andrasi, Adele Beston, served as a Jewish refuge in troubled times. TRAIL recent fi re in the royal apartments at the to England in 1070 as money lenders and monarchs visited including Charles II (1682), his brother James II wedding here to Philip of Tracey Churcher and Cader McPhail, students at traders. Unlike Jews, at this time Christians the University of Winchester, working under the 6 You are now in the heart of Medieval were forbidden to lend money for interest guidance of Dr Christina Welch, Senior Lecturer in Jewish Winchester; an area sacked in 1265 (usury) because of regulations in the New Religious Studies, and was inspired by the work materials which survived – today you see a mix by Simon de Montfort the Younger, who Testament. Jews loaned money to the King, the of Sue Bartlet and Toni Griffi ths. Queen Charlotte killed all the Jews that did not take refuge Church, and to Christian merchants in the city. in the Jews’ Tower. This property marks the 7 For more information about Medieval spot where Abraham and Jaceus held land Jewish Winchester please email 2 (1687) and Queen Anne (1705). George III was also greeted with castle, she was lodged at Wolvesey Palace Aethelred and Spain in 1554. 2 In this location (at the rear of the from the abbot of Hyde Abbey until 1290, [email protected] or see current property) stood a property held demonstrating that Jews had close business www.winchester.ac.uk/MJW where you by Duceman. Duceman (also known connections with the church. will fi nd more detailed information on each as ‘Asher’ and ‘Sweteman’) was a of private housing and Winchester Military of the sites in the walk. This leafl et is also wool merchant and the son of Licoricia 7 Here was where the medieval available to download from (Winchester’s most famous female money- synagogue (scola) was located. The scola www.visitwinchester.co.uk. Winchester’s lender) and David of Oxford; Duceman held was in the courtyard of a property owned offi cial tourist guides run tours on this and pealing bells during his 1778 visit. Royal visits continued in the for her confi nement. Richard II and Anne of Emma (1002) several properties in Winchester. by Abraham Pinch (son of Chera, a female other fascinating themes. See money-lender). Pinch was an active usurer, www.winchestertouristguides.com 3 Here there once stood a property 3 and this made him unpopular. He was associated with Samme, a converted Jew. If you would like this leafl et in a larger format Museums – well worth a visit. accused of murdering a child, and although A small number of Jews in Winchester please contact the tourist information centre on the child’s mother was guilty of that crime, King Alfred will be your constant companion on this converted to Christianity; one was Henry 01962 840 500 or e-mail Pinch was accused of theft and so he was tour of Winchester’s historic landmarks. You’ll learn of Winchester. Henry acted for the king [email protected] executed for that instead. Pinch was buried about the earlier history of Winchester and how it has 20th century: George V visited in 1912 as did his heir, Edward, Bohemia stayed at the palace in September Canute and Emma in 1275 when usury (the main source of beneath the gallows erected in this street evolved in more recent times. income for England’s Jews) became illegal. Cover image: A 12th or 13th century lead token with Hebrew opposite the scola, specifi cally for the Because the work Jews were allowed to do The letteringwalk is dfoundivide dduring into texcavationshree loop son so Lower you c Brookan ch oStreetose in purpose of hanging him. was limited, the community sometimes how1968, muc hpossibly to do: ai nsynagogue each sec ttokenion y ooru ofar esome foll ocommercialwing in use. Winchester has an important Jewish past. The turned to coin clipping; a crime that carried the f©o Winchesterotsteps oExcavationsf the ki nCommittee/Hampshireg they called ‘Th Culturale Gre Trustat One’. 8 This location marks where an unnamed 8 earliest record of Jews in the city date to the mid- the death sentence. Henry travelled around Jew convicted of a felony held property So set out from the famous statue of King Alfred on the 1100s, making it one of the earliest, largest and England noting the names of coin clippers, In loving memory of (there is no record of his crime). His name Broadway to trace the walls he repaired to keep the wealthiest Jewish settlements in England. Although Prince of Wales (who later abdicated the throne as Edward VIII) in 1393. At the end of June 1415 Henry V (1017) Henry IV and in 1279, 269 Jews and 29 Christians Jack and Gretel Habel, th was Samarian. Danes at bay and the streets he laid out in the 9 fascinating, the story is little known. This trail has were executed for this offense. One man century. The three loops refugeesexplore tfromhe h etheart of the 4 been created to bring the narrative to life. hanged for coin-clipping was Benedict, son 9 ancient capital, the uppeHolocaustr city and who Alfr efoundd’s fin aa l journey, 7 A property here was sold by Isaac of Cover image ©Winchester Excavations Committee/Hampshire Cultural Trust of Licoricia, and step-brother to Duceman.
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