Biochar Production Biochar Products, Uses, and Production Methods
Air Burners Inc.
Tom Miles Director US Biochar Initiative Background
2009 - 2020 North America Conferences - 2009 – 2019 • President, T.R. Miles, Technical Consultants, Inc., Portland, Announcements, Newsletters Oregon, USA Website, Social Media • Wood products, agriculture, biomass and bioenergy system Networking, Education and Outreach design and installation 1972-2020 Workshops, Webinars • International Economic Development • Wood Technology Collaborators: • Mexican Forest Service, Forestry Development Program USDA Forest Service USDA Agricultural Research Service • Executive Director, US Biochar Initiative USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service • Director, International Biochar Initiative State and Private Forestry Wood and Biomass Energy Industries US Environmental Protection Agency US Department of Energy Biochar Industry
www.biochar-us.org [email protected]
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Why make biochar?
“To improve the economic viability, environmental impact, and overall effectiveness of removing and repurposing forest biomass in order to reduce wildfire risk and restore forest and watershed health.” - David Featherman, Wildephor Consulting, CA
wildephor.com
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Public Benefits of Biochar Production
Wildfire and Fuels Reduction Reduce risk of wildfires at Pace and Scale Forest Restoration Water, Fiber, Soil Reduce costs Public Health and Quality of Life Insurance risk – 4 million homes Clean air for rural communities Insurance Information Institute Rural employment iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-wildfires Recreation Federal Treated Wildfires Acres Value for Slash Lands Acres # Burned The Devonshire Group Million Million 2019 5.4 48,484 4.57 2018 60,000 8.5
Highest Risk: CA, TX, CO, AZ, ID, WA, OK, OR, MT, UT
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production What are biochars?: Biochars are Made in Different Forms and Qualities for Different Uses
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Products and Uses: Who buys biochars? Forestry Forest Fuels and Reforestation, Range Improvement Growing media for nursery and out planting Revegetation, Reclamation of mines and degraded land Water quality and erosion control Agriculture, Retail Garden, Landscape, Turf, Horticulture Biochar, Compost Composted biochar (5%-20% biochar) Biochar-Based Compound Fertilizers (15%-25% biochar) Biotic Soil Amendments (biochar + organics+ minerals and biologicals) Granulated and liquid products for seeding Micro/nano carbons Environment, Remediation, Erosion Control Mine reclamation, Oilfield remediation, Filtration Stormwater filtration, water treatment - functionalized chars Non-soil carbon products Animal feed, building products, odor control
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production THANK YOU! Please fill out the session evaluation on the mobile app or paper. THANK YOU! Please fill out the session evaluation on the mobile app or paper. USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production THANK YOU! Please fill out the session evaluation on the mobile app or paper. THANK YOU! Please fill out the session evaluation on the mobile app or paper. Biochar Improves Fertilizer Use in Row Crops
THANK YOU! Please fill out the session evaluation on the mobile app or paper.
David Yarrow, Down the Wormhole, 2016 terra-char.com/jr-bollingers-corn USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 12 David Yarrow, Down the Wormhole, 2016 www.dyarrow.org
terra-char.com/jr-bollingers-corn USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 13 Incorporating Biochars and Blends
Moving floor bin and augers meter bulky organics Overseeding pasture applying seed, biochar and organic amendments with a No-till drill. Natural Plant Solutions, WA naturalplantsolutions.com USDA ARS Poultry Litter Subsurfer bit.ly/2UTdmBN Blend applied below the surface reducing nutrient loss.
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Liquid or granular biotic soil amendment for golf and turf (LESCO CarbonPro lesco.com) Deeper stronger roots Improved greening Improved Soil and Seed Injecting Liquid Biochar Establishment Slurry in No Till Cross Slot Increased Nutrient Uptake and (Don Graves, NZ) Efficiency Reduced Water Requirements Targeted Benefits
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Biochars are Ingredients in High Value Retail Garden, Horticulture, Turf, Tree, and Landscape
Rexius/OpusGrows, US www.opusgrows.com Others: America Biochar Company, Biochar Supreme, Sustane Organic + Biochar, Mirimichi Green CarbonizPn Turf Enhancer, Lesco, Wakefield Biochar Soil Conditioner . . . Kellogg Garden Products, US Carbon Gold, UK www.kellogggarden.com www.carbongold.com
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Biochar Products for Environmental Management: Nutrients, Metals, Organics, Remediation
Permamatrix.com
*Biochars help meet 12 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Biochar Production Provides Heat, Power, Environmental Benefits
Stockholm Biochar Project bit.ly/2JRLZ4U
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Carbon Negative Building Products
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 19 Product Qualities and Market Needs: Standards, Specifications, Certifications IBI Standards International Biochar Standard Methods of Analysis Initiative Std. Ver 2.0 Classification for Use in Soil Biochar-international.org IBI Certification Safe for use in soil – Non-toxic Stable (Carbon enriched for lost C) ≥10% Carbon, ≥ 30% C, ≥ 60% C H:Corg ratio <0.7 (stability) Sustainable Carbon smart
USBI Draft Protocol (2017) European Biochar Certificate European Feed Standard China Proposed Standards (2017) Emerging carbon markets Puro, Carbon Futures
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Definitions, Standards, Certifications, Incentives . Labelling: Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO ) biochar definition (2016) (US, Canada, Puerto Rico) . Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) definition (2017) . California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) Biochar Protocol (2015) or carbon sequestration. . USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Stewardship Program, Conservation Enhancement Activity E384135Z Biochar production from woody residue(2016) Conservation Practice 384: Woody Residue Treatment – CSP Cost Share . USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Carbon Amendment Code 808 (2020) – EQIP Cost Share
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Producers: The Biochar Industry Resource Management – Foresters, Contractors, Woodland Owners Independent Biochar/Charcoal Producers – Thermal processing of wood residues to carbon Biomass Energy Industry – High carbon residues from biomass boilers, biofuel production Wood Products Industry - Gasifiers and boilers heating dry kilns at sawmills Biochar Brokers and Re-processors - Quality assurance and delivery to appropriate markets Organics Recycling Industry – Construction & Demoliton Recycling, Composting, Arborists
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Biochar Producers: What is the overall production capacity for biochar and what markets exist? • 155 US Producers and Suppliers* (+14 Canada), 55 equipment suppliers • Estimated 50,000 od tpy biochar (400,000 CY) • Biochar is available through major wholesale and retail outlets • New product development • Increasing interest from wood products, biomass energy, organic recycling (e.g. woody waste, compost), and agricultural residues. *Biochars and biochar enhanced products
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Making Biochar: radiant flames heat solid wood to make gas and char. Wilsonbiochar.com
Moki Kiln Japan Biochar Assn. biochar.jp Flame Cap Kilns Make Char by Limiting Oxygen at Base of Fire.
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Biochar Qualities Help Determine Appropriate Use
IBI Classification Tool www.biochar-international.org/classification_tool IBI Classification Webinar Jan 30, 2017 www.biochar-international.org/node/8730
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Biochar Qualities Change with Temperature, Time, and Heating Rate
Temperature effects on Black Locust (Robinia pseudacacia L) J. Lehmann Front Ecol Environ 2007; 5(7): 381–387 USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production An Efficient Flame Cap Kiln: The Kon Tiki
The Biomass Journal Open Source Design The Biochar Revolution www.biochar-journal.org/en/ct/39 thebiocharrevolution.com
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Flame Cap Kiln and Conservation Pile Burn
1 CY Kiln Conservation Burn • Pile built in a rick • Light from top to promote char and reduced smoke • Water sides to prevent char burning Wilson Biochar Associates wilsonbiochar.com biochar-international.org/webinars-list
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production
Flame Cap Kilns are Suited to Hand Piles
Flame Cap Kiln ubrg.usu.edu Burn Boss/Char Boss airburners.com Utah State University Forestry Extension Air Burners Inc Utah Biomass Resources Group
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 33 Char Boss: Curtain of air burns gases. Biochar withdrawn continuously through a grate. 1-2 tons (10-20 CY) per hour IN
Airburners.com 1-2 tons Air Burners Inc. (14CY)/day OUT Air Burners Inc.- USFS Cooperative airburners.com Research and Development Agreement
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production
Slash Pile Air Curtain Burners Reduce Volume, Recover Biochar and Energy
airburners.com
8 tons biomass/hr 80 t/day 2 ton/day biochar Air Curtain Burner Cooperative Research and Development Agreement 100-1000 kWe with US Forest Service for continuous biochar recovery airburners.com USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 37 Mobile Air Curtain Carbonizers Reduce Volume and Recover Biochar - Tigercat 6050 10-15 tph 20 CY biochar/day
Convert forest residues, land clearing, road construction wood to biochar for direct use on site. www.tigercat.com USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Similar Space, Capacity, as Chipper or Grinder Biochar can be used on or off site.
www.tigercat.com USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production http://www.conservationwebinars.net/webinars/biochar-what-is-it
USFS Spreader can be used for revegetation. bit.ly/2Xk3Rxa www.conservationwebinars.net/webinars/biochar-what-is-it USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Central processing -shredded logs and slash in batch kilns – Biochar Now
Shredded slash
Shredded wood - 11 CY/kiln/day Minimum 40 kilns/site (460 CY/day) Up to 800 cubic yards (70 kilns) of shredded wood a day ~10 log trucks. (CO) biocharnow.com Shredded logs USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Biochars are sized for specific uses - BiocharNow
www.biocharnow.com USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 42 Slash Pile THANK YOU! Please fill out the session evaluation on the mobile app or paper. Combustion, Gasification, and Pyrolysis
• Boilers 2% to biochar (95% to steam [70% efficiency]) • Gasifiers 5%-15% to biochar (85-95% fuel to gas) • Pyrolysis 30% to biochar, 30% gas; or 70% to liquid, 15% biochar
phoenixet.com airex-energy.com USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 45 THANK YOU! Please fill out the session evaluation on the mobile app or paper.
Biomass Boilers Carry Biochars in Exhaust Boiler-Superheater Stack Biochar Electrostatic 8-10 CY/Day Precipitator 60%-80% Carbon
Cyclone
Source: Wellons, Inc. www.wellonsusa.com
200 TPD WOOD Ash/Char High Carbon Furnace Air Heater Fan Ash
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 48 THANK YOU! Please fill out the session evaluation on the mobile app or paper. Biochars are Delivered in Bulk
Oregon Biochar Solutions 2 CY 400 lb dry www.chardirect.com High carbon Low Volatiles 80 CY 8-10 t Low Ash Low Fines Good Flowability
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production
Gasification to Heat, Power, Biochar - SynCraft CraftWERK 1000-300 Innsbruck / Austria 365 kg/hr biomass 10 ton/day 261 kW electric power 892 kW thermal power 2.3 m³ biochar/day ** 10% Total operating hours of plant: more than 15,000 hours in 2 years. The plant in Innsbruck has already an increased power output and is about to certify its BioChar production according to EBC premium. ** ~ 2,000 t CO2 per year ADDITIONAL PLANTS BEING BUILT: • Japan 4 x CW 1800-400 www.syncraft.at • Croatia 1 x CW 1800-400 • Germany 1 x CW 1800-500 • Austria 1 x CW 1800-400 + 1x CW 1800-500
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 57 Autothermal Gasification for Combined Heat and Power - Pyrocal CCT (Continuous Carbonization Technology) 16t/d
7 MMBtuh
3.2 t/d 24 CY/d
120 kWe Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbine pyrocal.com.au
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 58 A Commercial, Carbon Negative, Biochar & Bio-Energy, Circular Economy System at Work atmospheric atmospheric CO2 CO2
our plant/food/crop 3rd party plant/food/crop residues (‘green wastes’) residues (‘green wastes’)
sustainable pyrolysis process increased plant sustainable & food production increased plant & food production
replaces fossil oil/gas for production of our hot water, electricity & horticultural CO2 less fertiliser improves soil health low cost locks up CO2 www.rainbowbeeeater.com.au biochar for ‘000s years 59 Gasification to Heat, Power, Biochar 2.4 acre greenhouse in Tantanoola, South Australia
• 24x7 low cost renewable energy & biochar with ECHO2 PYROLYSIS carbon capture & storage • 800 kg/hr biomass (~20% moisture) 20 ton/day • 1000 kW hot water (80C) from syngas • 350 kg/hr biochar (40% moisture) • 100 kW electricity (300 kW capacity) • 4,000 t/yr CO2 capture & storage Commissioned December 2018
Suitable Feedstock: hardwood, softwood, green waste, poultry bedding, crop residues; 5 – 55% moisture
www.rainbowbeeeater.com.au
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Gasification to Heat, Power, Biochar
www.rainbowbeeeater.com.au
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Gasification to Heat, Power, Biochar
ACE DDLF-2000 Downdraft gasifier Lebanon, Tennessee. Commissioned October 2016 • 32 T biomass/day 1.2 t/hr (~25% moisture) • Waste wood – pallets is primary feedstock • 3 T biochar/day; 1,000T/year (<10% moisture) • Carbon content >90% • 3,500 t/yr CO2 capture & storage • 420 kW electricity • offsets electrical usage at wastewater treatment plant nearby
•Waste: More than 7,300 tons diverted from landfills each year ariescleanenergy.com •Energy: More than 36 MW-hrs generated over the 20 year life of the project •Emissions: More than 2,300 kg of carbon emissions averted annually
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 62 Wood Heated in Pyrolysis to Gas, Char, and Oil - Pyreg
IBI Webinar June 2017 www.biochar-international.org/webinar_series Study Tour October 2017 Stockholm Biochar Project bit.ly/2JRLZ4U Heat Biochar Activated Carbon Biochar soil sonnenerde.at Biochar feed Charline char-line.com Pyreg 0.5-1 t/hr wood 12-24 t/d www.Pyreg.de
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Modular Pyrolysis Systems - ARTiChar
• 670-3,300 lb/hr wood chip 8-40 ton/day • 170-825 lb/hr biochar 2-10 tons/day • 2-10 ton/day BioOil condensation and recovery • 5 MMBtuh heat • Run off grid with 20 kW generator • 600⁰C-900⁰C • Auxiliary dryer, grinder, screens, biochar processing • Nano reactor
Integrated Modular Pyrolysis aRTIcHAR.COM
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Pyrolyze Chipped Wood to Heat, Biochar, and Oil – Biogreen Energy 0.25-3TPH 6-72 TPD 25,000 BDT/y
Condensor
Dryer Pyrolysis
Cooler Norris Thermal Technologies biogreen-energy.com
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Pyrolysis to Heat, Biochar, and Oil – CARBOFEX OY, FINLAND • 1100 lb/hr wood chip 13 t/day • 1 - 2 MW municipal heat • 220-300-140 lb/hr biochar 700 tons/year • 90-100 liters/hr oil 600 tons per year.
• 25-30% of biochar (50% of the total energy), 12% pyrolysis oil (25% of total energy), • 20% pyrolysis gas (20 of total energy), • 0-50% usable as heating energy.
Low Emissions: CO 0-5 ppm, NOx <60 ppm, O2 3-5%.
www.carbofex.fi Carbofex biochar has large surface area of +550 m3/g, high carbon content 95% and pyrolysis temperature of ~600C.
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 66 Rotary Kiln Heats Biomass in Rotating Drum Using Pyrolysis or Auxiliary Gas 48-144 t/d
Sanju Crop Residue to Biochar Fertilizer Production Facility 2.5 mt/hr, gas+pyrogas USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production China Makes Biochar-Based Fertilizers using Rotary Kiln Pyrolyzers in Fertilizer Plants 65 t/d
2018: 200,000 tons bit.ly/2RqkZh8 62 Suppliers in National Alliance of Biochar Science and Technology Innovation USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Carbon Coated Mineral and Biochar Production - CPMTP
1 tph CCM Fertilizer Scale to 2-3 TPH Carbon Powered Mineral Technology & Products Pty Ltd carbonpoweredmineral.com.au
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 69 Carbon Powdered Mineral Technology - CPMTP
•Drying system •Combustion / pyrolysis system •Heat exchange and heat utilization system •Cooling / mixing system •Packaging equipment
carbonpoweredmineral.com.au Courtesy Stephen Joseph
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production 70 Biochars vs Barbeque Charcoal BBQ Charcoal Industry • 150-170 wholesale suppliers • 852,000 tons charcoal (FAO 2018) • Brazil 6.4 Million tons • 2/3 market in Southern regions. Peak sales May-September Process • Batch 18 tons/3 weeks; Continuous 66 tons/day • Heat Treat Temperatures • Heat to 275 ⁰C ( 527⁰ F) • Exothermic 275⁰C – 350 ⁰C (662 ⁰F) End carbonization • Peak 540 ⁰C - 650 ⁰C (1000 ⁰F -1200 ⁰F) • Heat to remove volatiles and tars to 20%-35% Volatiles • Higher Volatiles, Binder, Additives • Typical 20%-35% VC vs biochars ≤ 20% • Size, blend and briquette • Crush to 3mm, blend additives and briquette with 10% binder EPA AP-42 10.71 Multiple hearth kiln for charcoal production
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production Produce Biochar in Cost Effective Systems to Reduce Wildfire Risk, Restore Forest and Watershed Health, and Improve the Environment.
Production. Mobile and stationary processes can be used in or near forests to convert fuels and processing residues for sale to value-added markets. Production systems are improving in quality, capacity, and mobile flexibility.
Markets for biochars and biochar enhanced products are expanding with better quality biochar products in agricultural, industrial, and environmental markets. Biochars create new market opportunities to increase value from hazardous fuels and residues.
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production THANK YOU!
US Biochar Initiative [email protected] www.biochar-us.org
USFS Monthly Biochar Webinar Series 2020: Production