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Nail Disorders and Diseases.Pdf Nail Disorders 10Chapter and Diseases Chapter Outline Why Study Nail Disorders and Diseases? Nail Disorders Nail Diseases © Milady, a © part Milady, of Cengage Learning. Photography by Dino Petrocelli. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: LO1 List and describe the various disorders and irregularities of nails. LO2 Recognize diseases of the nails that should not be treated in the salon. Key terms Page number indicates where in the chapter the term is used. Beau’s lines nail disorder onychomycosis plicatured nail pg. 207 pg. 206 pg. 215 (folded nail) pg. 209 bruised nails nail psoriasis onychophagy (bitten pg. 207 pg. 214 nails) pseudomonas pg. 208 aeruginosa discolored nails nail pterygium pg. 210 pg. 208 pg. 209 onychorrhexis pg. 208 pyogenic granuloma eggshell nails onychia pg. 215 pg. 207 pg. 213 onychosis pg. 213 ridges hangnail (agnail) onychocryptosis pg. 209 pg. 207 (ingrown nails) paronychia pg. 213 pg. 214 splinter leukonychia spots hemorrhages (white spots) onycholysis pincer nail (trumpet pg. 209 pg. 208 pg. 213 nail) pg. 209 tinea pedis melanonychia onychomadesis pg. 215 pg. 208 pg. 214 10 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. o give clients professional and responsible service and care, you need to learn about the structure and growth of the nail, as you did in Chapter 9, Nail Structure and Growth. Now, you must learn about the disorders and diseases of nails so that you Twill know when it is safe to work on a client. Nails are an interesting and surprising part of the human body. They are small mirrors of the general health of the entire body. Certain health conditions may first be revealed by a change in the nails, a visible disorder, or poor nail growth. Some conditions are easily treated in the salon—hangnails, for instance, or bruised nail beds that need camouflage—but some are infectious and cannot be treated by salon professionals. Carefully studying this chapter will vastly improve your knowledge and expertise in caring for nails. Why Study Nail CosmetologistsDisorders should study and and have aDiseases? thorough understanding of nail disorders and diseases because: ■■ You must be able to identify any condition on a client’s nails that should not be treated in the salon and which may be treated in the salon. ■■ You must be able to identify infectious conditions that may be present so that you can take the appropriate steps to protect yourself and your clients from the spread of disease. ■■ You may be in a position to recognize conditions that may signal mild to serious health problems that warrant the attention of a doctor. AsNail you now know, Disorders a normal, healthy nail is firm but flexible. The surface is shiny, smooth, and unspotted with no wavy ridges, pits, or splits. A healthy nail also is whitish and translucent in appearance, with the pinkish color of the nail bed showing through. In some races, the nail bed may have more yellow tones. A nail disorder is a condition caused by injury or disease of the nail unit. Most, if not all, of your clients have experienced a common nail disorder at some time in their lives. A cosmetologist should recognize normal and abnormal nail conditions, understand what to do, and be able to help a client with a nail disorder in one of two ways: • You can tell clients that they may have a disorder and refer them to a physician, if required. • You can cosmetically improve certain nail plate conditions if the problem is cosmetic and not a medical condition or disorder. ©MikLav, 2010; used ©MikLav, under license from Shutterstock.com. 10 206 Chapter 10 Nail Disorders and Diseases Part 2: General Sciences Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. It is your professional responsibility and a requirement of your license to know which option to choose. A client whose nail or skin is infected, inflamed, broken, or swollen should not receive services. Instead, the client should be referred to a physician to determine the type of treatment that is required. did you know? Bruised nails are a condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail Clients cannot sign a waiver or plate, causing a dark purplish spot. These discolorations are usually due to verbally give a cosmetologist small injuries to the nail bed. The dried blood absorbs into the nail bed permission to disobey state or epithelium tissue on the underside of the nail plate and grows out with it. federal rules and regulations. Treat this injured nail gently and advise your clients to be more careful with their nails if they want to avoid this problem in the future. Advise them to treat their nails like jewels and not tools! This condition can usually be covered with nail polish or camouflaged with an opaque nail enhancement. Eggshell nails are noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal. Eggshell nails are normally weaker and can curve over the free edge (Figures 10–1a and 10–1b). The condition is usually caused by improper diet, hereditary factors, internal disease, or medication. Be very careful when manicuring these nails because they are fragile and can break easily. Use the fine side of an abrasive board (240 grit or higher) to file them gently, but a © part Milady, of Cengage Learning. a © part Milady, of Cengage Learning. only if needed. It is best not to file a nail plate of Figure 10–1a Figure 10–1b this type. A thin protective overlay of enhancement Eggshell nail, front view. Eggshell nail, end view. product can be helpful, but do not extend these nails beyond the free edge. Beau’s lines are visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate (Figure 10–2). They usually result from major illness or injury that has traumatized the body, such as pneumonia, adverse drug reaction, surgery, heart failure, massive injury, or a long-lasting high fever. Beau’s lines occur because the matrix slows down in producing nail cells for an extended period of time, say a week or a month. This causes the nail plate to grow thinner for a period of time. The nail plate thickness usually © Courtesy of Robert Baron, MD (France). returns to normal after the illness or condition is resolved. Figure 10–2 Beau’s lines. Hangnail, also known as agnail, is a condition in which the living skin around the nail plate splits and tears (Figure 10–3). Dry skin or small cuts can result in hangnails. If there is no sign of infection or an open wound, advise the client that proper nail care, such as hot oil manicures, will aid in correcting the condition. Also, never cut the living skin around the natural nail plate, even if it is dry and rough looking. Other than to carefully remove the thin layer of dead cuticle tissue on the nail plate, you should not cut skin anywhere on the hands or feet. Hangnails can be carefully trimmed, as long as the living skin is not cut or torn in the process. It is against state board regulations to in- a © part Milady, of Cengage Learning. tentionally cut or tear the client’s skin and can lead to serious infections Figure 10–3 Hangnail. for which you and the salon may be legally liable. If not properly cared Part 2: General Sciences Chapter 10 Nail Disorders and Diseases 207 10 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. for, a hangnail can become infected. Clients with symptoms of infections in their fingers should be referred to a physician. Signs of infection are redness, pain, swelling, or pus. Leukonychia spots (loo-koh-NIK-ee-ah SPATS), also known as white spots, are whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix. They are not a symptom of any vitamin or mineral deficiency. It is a myth that these result from calcium or zinc deficiency. ©Courtesy of Robert Baran, MD (France). They appear frequently in the nails but do not indicate disease.
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