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Auguste Et La Concession De La Citoyenneté Romaine : Enquête Sur Les Iulii En Carie Gabrielle Frija

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Auguste Et La Concession De La Citoyenneté Romaine : Enquête Sur Les Iulii En Carie Gabrielle Frija Auguste et la concession de la citoyenneté romaine : enquête sur les Iulii en Carie Gabrielle Frija To cite this version: Gabrielle Frija. Auguste et la concession de la citoyenneté romaine : enquête sur les Iulii en Carie. Auguste et l’Asie Mineure, Nov 2014, Bordeaux, France. hal-01789465 HAL Id: hal-01789465 https://hal-upec-upem.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01789465 Submitted on 8 Jul 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Auguste et l’Asie Mineure Laurence Cavalier est maître de conférences en histoire de l’art et archéologie à l’université Bordeaux Montaigne Marie-Claire Ferriès est maître de conférences à l’Université Grenoble-Alpes, ancien membre de l’École française de Rome Fabrice Delrieux est professeur d’histoire ancienne à l’Université Savoie Mont Blanc Illustration de couverture : C. Texier, Description de l’Asie Mineure faite par ordre du gouvernement français de 1833 à 1837, et publiée par le Ministère de l’Instruction publique, Première partie, Paris, 1839, pl. 64. Portrait d’Auguste, Musée Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhague. Ausonius Éditions — Scripta Antiqua 97 — Auguste et l’Asie Mineure textes réunis et édités par Laurence Cavalier, Marie-Claire Ferriès, Fabrice Delrieux — Bordeaux 2017 — Notice catalographique : Cavalier, L., M.-C. Ferriès et F. Delrieux (2017) : Auguste et l’Asie Mineure, Scripta Antiqua 97, Ausonius Éditions, Bordeaux. Mots clés : Triumvirat (Marc Antoine, César-Octavien, Lépide) ; Auguste ; principat d’Auguste (27 a.C.-14 p.C.) ; Guerres civiles (49-29 a.C.) ; Asie Mineure ; Province d’Asie ; Pont-Bithynie ; Cilicie ; Galatie ; administration provinciale ; Domus Augusta ; Âge d’or ; monnaies provinciales romaines ; monnayage romain ; discours monétaire ; nymphée ; salle du culte impérial ; ordre corinthien ; aqueduc ; autel AUSONIUS Maison de l’Archéologie F - 33607 Pessac cedex http://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr Directeur des Publications : Olivier Devillers Secrétaire des Publications : Nathalie Pexoto Graphisme de Couverture : Stéphanie Vincent Pérez Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La loi du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et intellectuelle interdit les copies ou reproductions destinées à une utilisation collective. Toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite par quelque procédé que ce soit sans le consentement de l’éditeur ou de ses ayants droit, est illicite et constitue une contrefaçon sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code pénal. © AUSONIUS 2017 ISSN : 1298-1990 ISBN : 978-2-35613-183-6 Achevé d’imprimer sur les presses de Grá��cas Calima Avenida Candina, S/n E - 39011 Santander Mars 2017 Sommaire Remerciements 11 Avant propos 13 Jean-Michel Roddaz, Introduction 15 I. Auguste et l’Asie Mineure : pouvoir et gouvernement Le “laboratoire” micrasiatique : influences, modèles et adaptations Gilles Bransbourg, L’Asie Mineure et la révolution monétaire augustéenne 23 Arnaud Suspène, Auguste et l’Asie Mineure : l’apport de la documentation numismatique 45 Béatrice Le Teuff, La fiscalité de la province d’Asie au tournant de l’ère augustéenne : un bilan 61 Cédric Brélaz, Auguste, (re)fondateur de cités en Asie Mineure : aspects constitutionnels 75 Frank Kolb, La Lycie sous Auguste : une région entre libertas et provincia 91 Alberto Dalla Rosa, Propriété familiale, pouvoir impérial : origine et gestion du patrimonium d’Auguste en Asie Mineure 101 Anne-Valérie Pont, Cités grecques et administration romaine en Asie Mineure à l’époque augustéenne : l’interaction des normes civiques grecques et des dispositions romaines à travers la question des “droits” des juifs 117 Les agents et les relais de Rome François Kirbihler, Les problèmes d’une mission publique entre République et Empire : P. Vedius Pollio en Asie 129 Karin Sion-Jenkis, Marcus Lollius et le premier gouvernement de la Galatie 153 Ségolène Demougin, Auguste et le droit de cité dans la province d’Asie 177 Gabrielle Frija, Auguste et la concession de la citoyenneté romaine : enquête sur les Iulii en Carie 191 8 Sommaire II. Saeculum aureum ? L’Asie Mineure sous Auguste Le legs des guerres civiles Raphaëlle Laignoux, Reconnaître Octavien et ses concurrents en Anatolie : les allégeances asiatiques durant les guerres civiles de la fin de la République 211 Frédéric Maffre, La cité de Cyzique et Auguste en leur temps 241 De nouveaux cadres de vie Julian Richard, Aquae Augustae in Asia Minori ? Ruptures et continuités dans les eaux urbaines de l’Asie Mineure augustéenne 279 Georg Plattner, Die augusteische Globalisierung als ‘Katalysator’ kleinasiatischer Architektur ? Traditionen und Innovationen eines Epochenwandels 291 Tomaso Ismaelli, Hierapolis di Frigia in età augustea e giulio-claudia : spazi sacri ed immagine urbana tra radici anatoliche e modelli romani 309 Nathalie de Chaisemartin, Octavien/Auguste et Aphrodisias : certitudes et perplexités 331 III. Regards provinciaux sur Auguste Honneurs et patronages : le nouveau pouvoir vu par les provinciaux Christopher Jones, Strabo and the “Petty Dynasts” 349 Marie-Claire Ferriès et Fabrice Delrieux, Un tournant pour le monnayage provincial romain d’Asie Mineure : les effigies de matrones romaines, Fulvia, Octavia, Livia et Julia (43 a.C.-37 p.C.) 357 Julie Dalaison et Marie-Claire Ferriès, Le monnayage des colonies de Pont-Bithynie sous Auguste 385 Athina Dimopoulou, Lesbos sous Auguste. Du renouveau des traités à l’apothéose 399 Des honneurs au culte D. Reitzenstein, Ein Altar für den Caesar-Kult in Tlos 415 Laurence Cavalier et Jacques des Courtils, Le “monument à bucranes” au Létôon de Xanthos 423 Emmanuelle Rosso, En marge du “culte impérial”. Formes et espaces des honneurs statuaires décernés à Auguste en Asie Mineure 443 Jean-Louis Ferrary, Conclusions 471 Cahier des cartes hors-texte 475 Auguste et l’Asie Mineure 9 Abréviations 481 Bibliographie 485 Index des sources littéraires 529 Index épigraphique 537 Index numismatique 547 Index des noms de lieux 553 Index des noms de personnes 559 Résumés 565 Auguste et la concession de la citoyenneté romaine : enquête sur les Iulii en Carie Gabrielle Frija Lorsque Louis Robert écrivait qu’“un Caius Iulius est toujours intéressant” 1, il pensait certainement en premier lieu aux grands notables proches des dignitaires romains qui ont été récompensés de leur loyauté par les tria nomina 2. En effet, la présence d’un Grec romanisé est souvent l’indice de relations politiques privilégiées entre les autorités romaines et un individu qui les met au service de sa cité 3. Mais la remarque de Louis Robert incite également à une réflexion sur le rythme de la diffusion de la citoyenneté romaine parmi les élites grecques des débuts de l’époque impériale. Étant donné sa rareté, le nom Iulius, plus encore avec le prénom Caius, doit toujours nous surprendre, particulièrement dans des cités moyennes, qui ne sont pas des centres politiques majeurs de la province d’Asie. On a souligné depuis bien longtemps que la romanisation juridique des élites locales asiatiques ne commence vraiment qu’au cours du ier s. p.C., et particulièrement sous Claude et Néron. Toute mention d’un Iulius est donc, d’un certain point de vue, une exception. Mais tous ceux qui portent le nom Caius Iulius sont-ils pour autant des grands notables du rang d’un C. Iulius Zoilos d’Aphrodisias, C. Iulius Hybreas de Mylasa ou C. Iulius Theopompos de Cnide ? L’extension de la citoyenneté romaine aux notables plus ordinaires ne commence-t-elle vraiment qu’après la mort d’Auguste, ou la politique de romanisation juridique des élites locales trouve-t-elle ses bases du vivant du fondateur du principat 4 ? Pour trouver des éléments de réponse à ces questions, j’ai choisi pour terrain d’étude la Carie. On y rencontre en effet les personnages exceptionnels cités ci-dessus, mais le dépouillement épigraphique fait aussi connaître plusieurs dizaines de Iulii, porteurs ou non du prénom Caius, sur lesquels il convient de s’interroger afin d’essayer de préciser la chronologie de la diffusion de la citoyenneté romaine. En concentrant l’analyse sur quelques 1 Robert 1966, 408 (= OMS, VI, 32). 2 Sur les grands C. Iulii en dehors de la Carie, cf. dans ce volume la contribution de S. Demougin (p. 177 sq). 3 Cf. les remarques de L. Robert à partir des relations entre Théophane de Mytilène et Pompée (Robert 1969b, 43-44) ; également Bowersock 1965 (1981), particulièrement p. 8 et suivantes (amis de César dans les cités d’Asie Mineure) et 50 et suivantes (politique d’Auguste en matière de concession de la citoyenneté). 4 J.-L. Ferrary a souligné que la première mutation, en matière de diffusion de la citoyenneté romaine aux Grecs, est que certains d’entre eux, à partir de Pharsale et plus encore du triumvirat, restent dans leur cité même lorsqu’ils sont devenus des citoyens romains, contrairement à la période précédente dans laquelle les tria nomina entraînaient généralement une coupure avec la communauté d’origine (Ferrary 2005). G. Frija, in : Auguste et l’Asie Mineure, p. 191-206 192 Gabrielle Frija FDx Nysa Tralles (6) (19) (IV) Aphrodisias (19) (VI) Alabanda (2) Mylasa Stratonicée Iasos (7) (II) (5) (4) (IV) N Halicarnasse (4) (I) Cnide (21) (IX) (2) Nombre d’individus portant le nomen Iulius (IV) Nombre d’individus portant le nomen Iulius sous les Julio-Claudiens 0 10 30 km Fig. 1. Les Iulii en Carie sous l’Empire. cités bien documentées, il a été possible de mettre à jour les listes précieuses, mais anciennes et parfois fautives, de Bernard Holtheide 5. À partir de ces listes, la réflexion a pu être poussée dans deux directions.
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