Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra
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BROOKLYN PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA Robert Spano, Music Director Lukas Foss, Conductor Laureate Craig G. Matthews, President 47th Season 2000-2001 Friday Evening, April 6, 2001, at 8:00 Sunday Afternoon, April 8, 2001, at 3:00 BAM Howard Gilman Opera House ROBERT SPANO, Conductor PURCELL March from Funeral Music for Queen Mary (1694) (there will be no pause between these works) BERIO Requies (1983-85) WAGNER Prelude and Liebestod from Tristan und Isolde (1856- 59) Intermission HERSCH Umbra (World Premiere: Brooklyn Philharmonic Commission) (2000) Largo Adagio Grave Largo Molto Adagio Adagio Allegro SCRIABIN Le Poeme de l'extase, Op. 54 (1905-08) Major support for this concert has been provided by KeySpan Foundation. Umbra by Michael Hersch was commissioned by the Brooklyn Philharmonic with support provided by The Geraldine C. and Emory M. Ford Foundation, Heathcote Art Foundation, and The O'Grady Family Foundation. Baldwin is the official piano of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Brooklyn Philhannonic Orchestra gratefully acknowledges Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. Kaplan, whose generous support made possible the Stanley H. Kaplan Education Center Acoustical Shell. As a courtesy to others, please turn off watches, phones, and other electronic devices. 25 BROOKLYN PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA Notes on the Program by David Wright March from Funeral Music and minor harmonies in what must then for Queen Mary have seemed a strange, uncanny sound, HENRY PURCELL stirring together emotions of nostalgia, ten Born 1659, probably in London derness, grief, and hope-and all in music Died November 21, 1695, in London of the utmost dignity and royal formality. Through all the political upheavals in Requies England during the 1680s-most notably LUCIANO BERlO the "Glorious Revolution" in which Born October 24, 1925, in Oneglia, William and Mary of the house of Orange Imperia, Italy ousted James II, the last Stuart king Henry Purcell continued as organist of Composed between 1983--85 Requies derives the Chapel Royal, supplying music for its title from the Latin word for "rest." Mr. court occasions. He was also a prolific Berio dedicated this work "to the memory composer of operas, music for plays, and of Cathy Berberian," the extraordinary bawdy drinking songs. When Queen vocalist (1925-1983) who excelled in the Mary died in 1694, Purcell followed the avant-garde soundscapes of Cage, Henze, practice of most Baroque composers, and Berio himself, to whom she was mar adapting some previously composed ried from 1950 to 1966. In the context of the music (and adding two new movements) present program it is worth noting that Ms. to provide a solemn march, brass can Berberian's three-octave vocal range once zona, and choral anthems for her funeral. inspired an awestruck critic to write that she As often happens with J.5. Bach, this "could sing both Tristan and Isolde." adapted music seems so suited to the new At the outset, a single note shimmers occasion that it is hard to imagine its hav and changes tone color as different instru ing been composed for anything else. All ments take it up-a signal that, in this piece, the music became known as the Funeral Mr. Berio will compose as much with Music for Queen Mary, even though some of changing colors as with changing pitches in it, including the noble March, had been a melody. During much of the piece, the composed in 1692 for a production of instruments play mainly in the soprano Thomas Shadwell's play The Libertine. Just range, as if we were hearing Ms. Berberian's a year later Purcell himself died, and this voice from afar, and the mood is muted and music was performed at his funeral in tender. At the end, however, the music Westminster Abbey on November 26, 1695. becomes more agitated and forceful, as if This mournful March and the Canzona the composer were contradicting his own of the Funeral Music are the only surviving title, and protesting against letting his loved music known to have been composed for one "go gentle into that good night." the "flat trumpet," an English type of slide For the first recording of Requies in trumpet, so named because it was capable 1988, Mr. Berio supplied the following of playing in the "flat keys," i.e., minor keys. description of it: By moving a loop of tubing near his chin, A chamber orchestra plays a the player could fill in the missing notes of melody. More specifically it the instrument's natural scale, and thus describes a melody, but only in the play in C minor instead of C major. In this sense that a shadow describes an March, Purcell's imaginative genius made object or an echo describes a sound. the most of this capability, mingling major The melody constantly unfolds, 26 BROOKLYN PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA albeit in a discontinuous manner, Romantic youth became, in Wagner's later through repeats and digressions operas, a prophecy of human love broken around a changeable, distant, and on the rack of war, politics, and the indus perhaps indescribable center. trial age. The musical metaphor for this vision was the dismantling of the centuries Prelude and Liebestod from old system of tonal harmony, which was Tristan und Isolde already under way in 1865, when Wagner made it the hallmark of his opera Tristan RICHARD WAGNER und Isolde. TItis story of doomed love, set Born May 22, 1813, in Leipzig (like so many Romantic operas) in medieval Died February 13, 1883, in Venice times, was set to rootless yet passionate Richard Wagner was a man of the theater music that expressed unfulfilled yearning through and through; his life was dedi as nothing has before or since. Tristan cated to the blending of poetry, music, became the rallying cry for exponents of drama, and spectacle into the Gesamtkunst the "Music of the Future," and Wagner werk, the unified work of art. In his music became the rock star of his generation. dramas he avoided arias, overtures, and For longtime concertgoers or record col the other traditional operatic elements that lectors, the phrase "Prelude and Liebestod" could be easily excerpted for performance rolls easily off the tongue, as the orchestral in a concert. He also composed almost no passages most often excerpted from Tristan. music that was intended for the concert In fact one might as well refer to "Page 1 hall. And yet the influence of his musical and Page 883" of some great novel, since ideas was so potent that not even the com what we are hearing is Wagner's brief posers of symphonies and chamber music musical preparation for the drama to come, could avoid them. Except for Brahms and coupled with (several hours later in the his neoclassical disciples-and maybe not opera) the drama's tremendous conclusion, even them-i t seemed as though all the joining of Isolde with her lover Tristan European composers of the late 19th cen in death. The Prelude is a bundle of yearn tury were measured by how their compo ing chromatic modulations that, quiet as sitions measured up to those of the master, they seem to be, have kept many harmonic or by how effectively they were able to analysts (and maybe also psychoanalysts) thumb their nose at the great musical awake at night. And even in the orchestral emperor. Despite the difficulty of snipping version without the soprano's incandes music out of Wagner's lengthy works for cent solo, the opera's concluding pages, the concert performance, conductors did so Liebestod or "love-death" of Isolde, are an anyway because they believed this music overwhelming expression of the consum had to be heard, even by people who didn't mation of unconsummated love. attend the opera. TItis custom continued robustly until well past the midpoint of the Umbra 20th century. MICHAEL HERSCH How did Wagner become the pivotal Born June 25, 1971 in Washington, D.C. musical figure of his era, as Beethoven had Now living in Rome, Italy 60 years before? By drawing together the elements of Romanticism-the fairy-tale By now the story of the young man named operas of Weber, the tragic passion of Michael Hersch, growing up in a Virginia Goethe's Werther, the harmonic innova suburb of Washington, D.C., who at age 19 tions of Chopin and Liszt, to name a few saw a videotape of Sir Georg Solti con and giving them a mighty shove toward ducting Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and the 20th century. The fashionable despair of decided on the spot that he wanted to be a 27 BROOKLYN PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA musician, and who in the subsequent ten say sounds less long than it really is, like a years has earned the highest praise from good jazz solo. American composers and conductors for Most unusually for an American com his piano playing and his compositions, is poser, Mr. Hersch seems irresistibly drawn familiar to many readers. to what George Rochberg called "the dark For those who haven't yet heard of Mr. places of the human heart and soul." Titles Hersch, here is a brief summary: It was his like .. .and I am plunged into darkness and On younger brother, now a professional hom Sorrow, Anger, and Reflection do not promise player, who noted his artistic inclinations much jollity, and yet these orchestral pieces and prodigious memory, and turned him have won Mr. Hersch warm applause for on to music with that Selti tape. After just their sincerity, energy, and skillful use of two years of lessons and courses, Mr. the orchestra. Hersch was admitted to Peabody Conser Umbra, which receives its world pre vatory of Music in Baltimore, where the miere at these concerts, is quite literally late John Henry Carton, the venerable named for a dark place.