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53.53 Tazoia.Pdf Ta zôia L’espai a Grècia II: els animals i l’espai Ta zôia L’espai a Grècia II: els animals i l’espai Montserrat Jufresa i Montserrat Reig (editores) Abstracts in English Institut d’Estudis Catalans Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica Tarragona, 2011 Biblioteca de CataIunya – Dades CIP Col·loqui Internacional sobre la Concepció de l’Espai a Grècia (2n : 2009 : Barcelona, Catalunya i Tarragona, Catalunya) Ta Zôia : l’espai a Grècia II : els animals i l’espai. – (Documenta ; 20) Referències bibliogràfiques. – Textos en català, italià, castellà, francès i anglès, resums en anglès ISBN 9788493903336 (Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica). – ISBN 9788499650883 (Institut d’Estudis Catalans) I. Jufresa, Montserrat, ed. II. Reig, Montserrat, ed. III. Institut d’Estudis Catalans IV. Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica V. Títol VI. Títol: Espai a Grècia II VII. Col·lecció: Documenta (Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica) ; 20 1. Animals – Mitologia – Grècia – Congressos 2. Animals en la literatura – Congressos 3. Animals en l’art – Congressos 4. Espai – Filosofia – Grècia – Congressos 59:29(061.3) Aquesta obra recull les aportacions del II Col·loqui Internacional sobre la Concepció de l’Espai a Grècia, coorganitzat per la Societat Catalana d’Estudis Clàssics (filial de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans) i l’ICAC en el marc del programa de recerca PT2008-S0404 de l’IEC, amb el suport del programa d’ajuts ARCS 2009 de la Generalitat de Catalunya i del Ministeri de Ciència i Innovació (accions complementàries HAR2009-07834-E), i celebrat els dies 3 i 4 de desembre del 2009. Aquesta publicació ha estat possible gràcies a l’ajut de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans, del programa ARCS 2010 de la Generali- tat de Catalunya, i del Ministeri de Ciència i Innovació (accions complementàries: HAR2010-117709-E). © d’aquesta edició, Societat Catalana d’Estudis Clàssics (filial de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans) i Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica (ICAC) Societat Catalana d’Estudis Clàssics Carrer del Carme, 47 08001 Barcelona Telèfon 93 324 85 80 – fax 93 270 11 80 [email protected] Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica Plaça d’en Rovellat, s/n, 43003 Tarragona Telèfon 977 24 91 33 – fax 977 22 44 01 [email protected] – www.icac.net © del text, els autors © de la fotografia de la coberta, Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell’Etruria Meridionale Primera edició: juny del 2011 Coordinació: Publicacions de l’ICAC Correcció: Joan-Josep Miracle Amat (català) i Chris David Cunion (anglès) Traducció del capítol 5: Isabelle Dejean i Xavier Bassas Disseny de la col·lecció: Dièdric Coberta: Gerard Juan Gili Fotografia de la coberta: Rapte d’Europa. Hídria de Caere, c. 530-520 aC. Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Roma Maquetació: Imatge-9, SL Impressió: Indústries Gràfiques Gabriel Gibert Dipòsit Legal: T-1380-2011 ISBN de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans: 978-84-9965-088-3 ISBN de l’ICAC: 978-84-939033-3-6 Qualsevol forma de reproducció, distribució, comunicació pública o transformació d’aquesta obra només es pot fer tenint l’autorització dels seus titulars, amb les excepcions previstes per la llei. Adreceu-vos a CEDRO (Centre Espanyol de Drets Reprogràfics, www.cedro.org) si heu de fotocopiar o escanejar fragments d’aquesta obra. SUMARI Presentació. Montserrat Jufresa i Isabel Rodà ...................................................... 9 Introducció. Montserrat Jufresa i Montserrat Reig ............................................. 11 1. Semanticità, articolazione, scrivibilità: gli spazi di confine tra l’uomo e l’animale nella Grecia antica. Giovanni Manetti ...................................... 13 2. Los animales de la fábula. Carlos García Gual ............................................. 21 3. Animal Choruses in Comedy. Xavier Riu .................................................... 29 4. Les Scythes d’Hérodote. Des passeurs de frontière entre nature et culture. Julien Averty .............................................................................................. 39 5. La fonction des animaux dans les toponymes grecs : quelques exemples. Montserrat Reig .......................................................................................... 49 6. El delfín, señalando el camino, de Delos a Delfos. Pedro Azara ................... 57 7. Pourquoi l’ourse tourne-t-elle au pôle ? Arnaud Zucker ............................... 63 8. Animaux et imaginaire en Grèce nord-occidentale. François Quantin .......... 73 9. Imágenes de animales en la moneda griega o el triunfo animal. Francisca Chaves ........................................................................................ 85 10. La naturaleza alterada. Imágenes de la metamorfosis animal en la antigua Grecia. Margarita Moreno ................................................... 105 11. Representations of Animals in Hellenistic Times: Some Examples from Pottery. Lydia Trakatelli ......................................... 121 Abstracts in English ...................................................................................... 137 7 PRESENTACIÓ Montserrat Jufresa Presidenta de la Societat Catalana d’Estudis Clàssics Isabel Rodà Directora de l’Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica Aquest volum recull la major part de les contribu- en la iconografia, la religió, els mites, els modes del cions presentades al II Col·loqui Internacional sobre la discurs, la literatura, la reflexió científica, filosòfica i Concepció de l’Espai a Grècia, celebrat al desembre de antropològica, etc. 2009, i articulat entorn del tema «Ta zôia. Els animals No fa gaire, en un llibre traduït per l’amic Josep i l’espai a l’Antiga Grècia». El col·loqui va ser organit- Maria Jaumà,1 vam trobar-hi un exemple que creiem zat en el marc del projecte de recerca «L’espai tal com que il·lustra de manera molt significativa aquest esta- el veien i el pensaven els grecs», impulsat i finançat per tus ambigu i especial que tenen els animals amb rela- l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans per a un període de tres ció als homes. anys (2008, 2009, 2010). El grup de recerca ha estat Dietrich Bonhoeffer, que va ser després una de format pels membres de la Societat Catalana d’Estu- les figures més emblemàtiques de la resistència ale- dis Clàssics, filial de l’IEC, Montserrat Jufresa –com a manya contra el nazisme, va passar un any –de febrer investigadora principal– i Montserrat Reig, i pels de del 1928 a febrer del 1929– a la parròquia evangèlica l’Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica, Isabel Rodà de Barcelona per fer-hi unes pràctiques com a pastor. –directora de l’ICAC–, Gemma Fortea, Jesús Carrues- Durant aquest període va escriure nombroses cartes, co i Roger Miralles. tant a la família com als seus amics i mestres, que s’han Per al segon any del nostre projecte, vàrem deci- conservat. A les cartes hi explica els fets i els petits dir centrar el nostre objectiu d’estudi en els animals, incidents de la seva vida quotidiana, com en aquesta, aquests altres éssers que comparteixen l’espai de la adreçada al seu amic Walter Dress, on diu: terra amb els homes. Malgrat que els grecs antics no «Avui m’ha passat un cas pastoral singular que et elaboraren una teoria evolutiva pròpiament dita, tant vull explicar breument i que, malgrat la seva simpli- en els mites com en les explicacions de caire científic citat, m’ha fet pensar. A les 11 del matí ha trucat a la i filosòfic, animals i homes gaudeixen d’un origen si- porta i ha entrat a la meva habitació un noiet de milar. Nascuts com les plantes de la terra i de l’aigua 10 anys enviat pels seus pares per una qüestió que jo escalfades per l’energia del sol, la mateixa terra els ha li havia demanat. M’adono que a aquell noiet, que estat la primera mare nutrícia, i animals i homes han normalment és l’alegria en persona, li passa alguna après més tard, per ells mateixos, a nodrir-se, repro- cosa que aviat descobreixo: comença a plorar amar- duir-se i morir. En altres narracions és una divinitat gament i només sento les paraules “el senyor Wolf –el Demiürg, Prometeu o Cipris– la que ha donat for- s’ha mort”, i segueix plorant més i més. “Bé, qui és el ma a animals i homes a partir del fang. senyor Wolf?” “És un gosset pastor que estava malalt Així, doncs, l’home, que ara sabem que fou l’úl- des de feia vuit dies i que s’ha mort fa mitja hora”. tim a arribar a l’escenari del nostre univers conegut, No hi havia manera de consolar-lo. L’assec als meus ha compartit des de sempre amb els animals el lloc on genolls però no es pot calmar. Després m’explica com vivia, i aquests companys, per tant, han estat presents s’ha mort i que ara tot s’ha acabat. Em diu que ell des del primer moment tant en la seva quotidianitat sempre jugava amb el gos, que al matí li venia al llit material com en el seu imaginari. Però, a més, les evi- i el despertava… i ara s’havia mort. Què li podia dir? dents afinitats i diferències entre homes i animals han M’ho explica llargament. De sobte es queda molt pa- fet que aquests es convertissin al llarg dels temps en rat amb un plor que em trenca el cor i diu: “Però ja un terme de comparació constant, i que els homes es sé que no és mort.” “Què vols dir?” “El seu esperit és plantegessin –sense haver-hi trobat encara exactament ara al cel, i és feliç. A classe, un preguntà a la profes- la resposta– on són els límits que els en separen o fins sora de religió com s’està al cel, i ella li respongué que on arriba el parentiu que els uneix. encara no hi havia anat mai. Digui’m, hi trobaré el Sr. Els llaços que ens lliguen als animals presenten, per Wolf? Segur que és al cel”. tant, les formes més variades de la necessitat, l’afecti- »Vet aquí que havia de respondre que sí o que no. vitat, la subsistència o el valor econòmic, però també Dir “no ho sabem” hauria volgut dir que no. Aquí hi posseeixen un valor simbòlic que els fa ser presents en havia algú que volia saber-ho segur, i això sempre és altres àmbits.
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