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TANZANIA HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2019 State of Human Rights in Tanzania Mainland: Key Issues and Highlights for the Year 2019

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TANZANIA HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2019 State of Human Rights in Tanzania Mainland: Key Issues and Highlights for the Year 2019 Not for Sale TANZANIA HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2019 State Of Human Rights In Tanzania Mainland: Key Issues and Highlights for The Year 2019 For a Just and Equitable Society STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN TANZANIA MAINLAND: KEY ISSUES AND HIGHLIGHTS FOR THE YEAR 2019 Tanzania Human Rights Report 2019 For a Just and Equitable Society i Publishers Legal and Human Rights Centre Justice Lugakingira House, Kijitonyama P. O. Box 75254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: +255222773038/48, Fax: +255222773037 Email: [email protected] Website: www.humanrights.or.tz ISBN: 978-9987-740-54-3 © LHRC April 2020 For a Just and Equitable Society For a Just and Equitable Society ii Writers Mr. Fundikila Wazambi Adv. Joyce Komanya Editors Adv. Anna Henga Adv. Fulgence Massawe Ms. Felista Mauya Adv. Naemy Sillayo Mr. Paul Mikongoti For a Just and Equitable Society iii Acknowledgement LHRC would like to extend sincere gratitude to all the individuals and institutions who and which, in one way or another, participated in the process of preparation and publishing of this report. LHRC is grateful to its network of paralegals and human rights monitors which provided valuable information used in preparing this report. Special thanks are extended to LHRC’s legal aid clinics, based Dar es Salaam and Arusha for providing key information that helped to shape this research in the area of access to justice. LHRC further acknowledges the contribution made by human rights monitors and paralegals, who provided valuable information through their monthly and quarterly reports. With immense gratitude, LHRC acknowledges the combined efforts of her staff in working hard during the preparation of this report. LHRC is especially thankful to the researchers and writers of this report, Mr. Fundikila Wazambi and Ms. Joyce Komanya. Special thanks go to all LHRC partners who shared inputs and participated in validating this report. LHRC also extends its sincere gratitude and appreciation to the external editors of this report, Dr. James Jesse and Dr. Helen Kijo- Bisimba. LHRC is grateful for the continued financial support from her core partners: The Embassy of Sweden, The Royal Norwegian Embassy and Ford Foundation. Their support to LHRC in deepening the understanding and respect of human rights in Tanzania is highly appreciated! Lastly, but not in order to importance, LHRC thanks her following partners, whose financial support enabled monitoring and generation of data relating to political rights, including the right to take part in governance: the Embassy of Switzerland, Embassy of Finland, Embassy of Ireland and the Embassy of Denmark. Adv. Anna Aloys Henga LHRC Executive Director For a Just and Equitable Society iv About LHRC The Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) is a private, autonomous, voluntary non-governmental, non-partisan and non-profit sharing organization envisioning a just and equitable society. LHRC was established in 1995 and its operations mainly focus on Tanzania Mainland, with specific interventions in Zanzibar. It has four offices, two in Dar-es-Salaam, one in Arusha and another in Dodoma. The Head Office is located at the Justice Lugakingira House in Kijitonyama Area Dar-es-Salaam. Vision: The LHRC envisages a just and equitable society, in which the three arms of the State, as well as non-state actors, practice accountability, transparency and there is the rule of law; and where there is public awareness, respect and engagement for human rights and good governance; where justice and respect for human dignity are reality. Mission: To empower the public, promote, reinforce and safeguard human rights and good governance in Tanzania through legal and civic education and information; sound legal research and advice; monitoring and following-up on human rights violations; and advocacy for reforms of policies, laws and practices in conformity with international human rights standards. LHRC’s Values: Integrity; Equality; Transparency; Accountability; Professionalism; and Voluntarism and Volunteerism. For a Just and Equitable Society v Introduction Major Developments in 2019 ° Introduction of the plea-bargaining law in the criminal justice system ° PCCB’s study on sexual corruption ° Appointment of the Chairperson of the Commission for Human Rights and Good Gover- nance and human rights commissioners ° Launch of mobile court services and the Judicial Statistics Dashboard System (JSDS-2), ° Amendment of the Statistics Act of 2015 to safeguard freedom of expression ° Amendment of the Non-Governmental Organisations Act ° Amendment of the Tanganyika Law Societies Act ° Mental health problem and alarming suicide rates ° Congestion in prisons due to a large number of remandees ° Court of Appeal of Tanzania affirming High Court’s position that child marriage needs to be outlawed ° Tanzania’s Withdrawal of Individuals and NGOs’ access to the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights ° Intensified efforts in infrastructural development ° East African Court of Justice’s ruling on Tanzania’s Media Services Act ° High incidence of sexual violence against children, especially rape and sodomy ° High incidence of child pregnancy ° 2019 Local Government Elections and opposition boycott of the elections ° Update of voter register as Tanzania heads towards elections ° Killings of bodaboda drivers by unknown assailants ° Increased incidents of women killed due to jealousy (physical violence against women) ° Brutal killings of innocent children in Njombe Region ° African Court’s decision on the mandatory death penalty ° Introduction of the Judicature and Application of Laws (Practice and Procedure of Cases Involving Vulnerable Groups) Rules to fast-track cases involving vulnerable groups. ° Launch of Sector Skills Councils to bridge acute skills gap among university graduates. ° Harmonisation and formalization of sign language Scope and Nature of the Report This report looks at key rights in three generations of human rights, namely the first generation of human rights, which focuses on civil and political rights; the second generation of human rights, which focuses on economic, social and cultural rights; and the third generation For a Just and Equitable Society vi of human rights, which are collective rights. The rights covered in this report are: right to life; freedom of expression; rights to equality before the law and effective remedy; right to liberty and personal security; freedoms of assembly and association; right to take part in governance; right to education; right to health; right to water; right to work; right to development; right to enjoy and benefit from natural resources; freedom from discrimination; freedom from torture; and freedom from violence. Moreover, the rights of specific groups and issues that affect effective realization and enjoyment of their rights are also discussed in this report. Specific groups covered are: women, children, persons with disabilities, the elderly and persons living with HIV/AIDS. Objectives of the report The main objective of this report is to highlight some key issues that affected human rights, whether positively or negatively, in Tanzania for the year 2019. Another objective is to make comparisons between the situation in 2019 and previous years to determine whether improvements have been made in safeguarding human rights. The report can also be used as an advocacy tool to inform the public of relevant human rights standards, remind state actors of their human rights obligations, promote behaviour change in the society and provide key data on human rights issues to inform interventions by government and non-governmental actors. This report is also a tool for raising awareness and promote understanding of human rights and human rights issues and act as a starting point in human rights- related researches. Methodology Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed in preparation of this report, but the study was largely based on secondary data. Primary data were obtained through LHRC’s interaction with stakeholders, especially from beneficiaries of its projects, as well as the network of paralegals and human rights monitors working with LHRC, who are situated in all districts of Tanzania Mainland. Primary data obtained through LHRC’s Human Rights and Business Survey conducted in 2019 is also used in this report. This report is also informed mainly by government reports, including parliamentary reports; budget speeches’ ministry reports; reports by law enforcement organs; reports and speeches by the Judiciary; and police data. Further, the reported benefited a lot from previous LHRC For a Just and Equitable Society vii reports; reports by local and international CSOs; domestic, regional and international human rights instruments; and decisions of regional and international human rights bodies. LHRC’s media survey has provided an important source data for this report, particularly on issues around socio-economic rights and violence against women and children. For a Just and Equitable Society viii Report Structure Chapter 1: Provides a short introduction to Tanzania, Contextual constitutional and human rights developments Overview and government structure. Chapter 2: Covers situation of key civil and political rights, Civil and Political including freedoms of association, assembly Rights ande expression; rights to equality before the law and effective remedy; and right to life. Chapter 3: Covers economic, social and cultural rights, Economic, Social including right to work, right to education, and Cultural right to health
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