DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigation of Selected Wood Properties and the Suitability for Industrial Utilization of Acacia Seyal Var

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigation of Selected Wood Properties and the Suitability for Industrial Utilization of Acacia Seyal Var Fakultät Umweltwissenschaften - Faculty of Environmental Sciences Investigation of selected wood properties and the suitability for industrial utilization of Acacia seyal var. seyal Del and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile grown in different climatic zones of Sudan Dissertation to achieve the academic title Doctor rerum silvaticarum (Dr. rer. silv.) Submitted by MSc. Hanadi Mohamed Shawgi Gamal born 23.09.1979 in Khartoum/Sudan Referees: Prof. Dr. Dr. habil. Claus-Thomas Bues, Dresden University of Technology Prof Dr. Andreas Roloff, Dresden University of Technology Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. František Hapla, University of Göttingen Dresden, 07.02.2014 1 Acknowledgement Acknowledgement First of all, I wish to praise and thank the god for giving me the strength and facilitating things throughout my study. I would like to express my deep gratitude and thanks to Prof. Dr. Dr. habil. Claus-Thomas Bues , Chair of Forest Utilization, Institute of Forest Utilization and Forest Technology, Dresden University of Technology, for his continuous supervision, guidance, patience, suggestion, expertise and research facilities during my research periods in Dresden. He was my Father and Supervisor, I got many advices from his side in the scientific aspect as well as the social aspects. He taught me how to be a good researcher and gives me the keys of the wood science. I am grateful to Dr. rer. silv. Björn Günther for his help and useful comments throughout the study. He guides me in almost all steps in my study. Dr.-Ing. Michael Rosenthal was also a good guide provided many advices, thanks for him. I would also like to express my thanks to Frau Antje Jesiorski, Frau Liane Stirl, Dipl.- Forsting. Herrn Ernst Bäucker, and Herrn Ing. (FH) Harald Kirchner for their good cooperation and help during the period of my study. I am also indebted to University of Khartoum for giving me this opportunity to study in Germany and to the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Sudan for the scholarship. My thanks also extended to GFF (Gesellschaft Freunde und Förderer der TU Dresden) as well as DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst / German Academic Exchange Service) for their kindly support. Very special thank to my husband Majdaldin for his support and patience during my study. Without his support I would not be able to finish my work. The last and not least, I would like to express my gratitude to the most important two persons in my life, my parents, they helped me a lot by their prays and advices. I Abstract Abstract Sudan is endowed with a great diversity of tree species; nevertheless the utilization of wood resources has traditionally concentrated on a few species only. Despite of the richness of Sudan in most of basic factors required to establish forest based industries it still almost entirely dependent on imports to satisfy its needs of the products of such industries. There is an urgent need to assess the suitability of the local fibrous raw materials for industrial utilization, this would not only reduce imports, but they would also provide an economic incentive to the forestry and industrial sectors of Sudan. Sudan has a wide variation of climatic zones, thus; great variations are expected in the anatomical and physical properties between and within species grown in each zone. This variation needs to be fully explored in order to suggest best uses for the species. The present study was carried out to assess the suitability of Acacia seyal var. seyal Del and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile wood for pulp and paper making (PPM) and flooring industry, as well as to investigate the effect of rainfall zones on selected wood properties. For this purpose, a total of thirty trees per species were collected from four states in Sudan, namely: Blue Nile, North Kordofan, South Kordofan and White Nile. The study areas located in two precipitation zones. Zone one with 273 mm mean annual rainfall, and zone two with 701 mm mean annual rainfall. Wood samples in form of disc were obtained from two heights within each tree, which are 10 % and 90 % from the tree merchantable height. Anatomical, physical and mechanical investigations were conducted in order to test the wood properties of the study species. The studied anatomical properties were: fibre and vessel diameter, lumen diameter and wall thickness. In addition to fibre length and three fibre derived values, namely: flexibility coefficient, Runkel ratio and slenderness ratio. The trend of fiber length from pith to bark was determined. The anatomical composition was described. Wood density was investigated as a main physical property. Basic density as well as air dry density were measured in the current study. Additionally, the density was measured using X-ray densitometry method in order to assess its suitability as a valid tool for the study species density determination. The trend of wood basic density from pith to bark was also determined. Brinell hardness strength was measured in the transverse and radial sections. According to the study results, the fibre length of both species considered as medium (900 - 1600 µm). However, Acacia seyal has longer fiber. Acacia seyal wood density considered heavy (≥ 720 kg/m³) while that of Balanites aegyptiaca is medium (500 - < 720 kg/m³). Depending upon the mean values of hardness strength in transverse as well as radial sections, II Abstract the wood of both species can be classified as very hard (up to 146 N/mm 2 hardness strength). Fibre length and wood density for both species followed the increase trend from the pith to the bark. The X-ray densitometry technique is considered as a valid tool for wood density determination for both species. For each species, some wood properties (in mature wood) were significantly affected by the water stress in the drier zone. For instance, Acacia seyal fibre length was negatively affected, while vessel wall thickness, basic density as well as hardness strength of the radial section were positively affected. In case of Balanites aegyptiaca the following properties were affected: vessel dimensions (negatively) and basic density (positively). However, the water stress did not affect Acacia seyal fibre and vessel diameter and lumen diameter, fiber wall thickness, flexibility coefficient, Runkel ratio and hardness strength in transverse section. Balanites aegyptiaca fibre characteristics and hardness strength did not show any response to water stress as well. In general, the overall wood properties of the study species considered compatible for PPM and flooring industry. However, trees growing in the more humid zone are preferable for both industries, due to their lower wood density and longer fibres in case of Acacia seyal and lower density in case of Balanites aegyptiaca. III Kurzfassung Kurzfassung Im Sudan kommen eine Vielzahl verschiedener Baumarten vor. Die Holzverwendung konzentriert sich jedoch traditionell nur auf wenige Arten. Trotz des sudanesischen Reichtums an forstlichen Ressourcen ist die holzverarbeitende Industrie nahezu vollständig von Holzimporten abhängig. Es ist dringend erforderlich, die Eigenschaften von lokal verfügbaren Faserrohstoffen im Hinblick auf ihre mögliche industrielle Nutzung zu untersuchen. Dies könnte nicht nur die Holzimporte verringern, sondern könnte darüber hinaus auch einen wirtschaftlichen Anreiz für die Holz- und Forstwirtschaft im Sudan liefern. Der Sudan weist eine Vielzahl verschiedener Klimazonen auf. Dies lässt die Vermutung zu, dass eine große Variabilität der anatomischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften zwischen und innerhalb der in den Zonen vorkommenden Arten besteht. Um die optimale Nutzung dieser Arten zu ermöglichen, müssen diese Variationen umfassend untersucht werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Eignung des Holzes von Acacia seyal var . seyal Del and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile für die Zellstoff- und Papierindustrie sowie für die Fußbodenindustrie bewertet. Des Weiteren wurde der Einfluss von Niederschlag auf ausgewählte Holzeigenschaften untersucht. Für die Untersuchung wurden insgesamt 30 Bäume je Baumart aus vier verschiedenen Bundesstaaten (Blauer Nil, Nord-Kordofan, Süd- Kordofan, Weißer Nil) beprobt. Die Untersuchungsgebiete befinden sich in zwei verschiedenen Niederschlagszonen. Die Zonen weisen einen jährlichen Gesamtniederschlag von 273 mm (Zone 1) und 701 mm (Zone 2) auf. Pro Baum wurden zwei Stammscheiben entnommen. Die Entnahme erfolgte in zwei unterschiedlichen Höhen, jeweils bei 10% und 90% der nutzbaren Stammhöhe. Um die Holzeigenschaften der untersuchten Holzarten zu bewerten, wurden anatomische, physikalische und mechanische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Folgende anatomische Eigenschaften wurden untersucht: Faser- und Gefäßdurchmesser, Gefäßlumendurchmesser, Zellwandstärke, Faserlänge. Außerdem wurden faserbezogene Werte wie der Flexibilitätskoeffizient, die Runkel-Zahl und der Schlankheitsgrad abgeleitet. Für die Faserlänge wurde der Trendverlauf vom Mark bis zur Rinde bestimmt. Des Weiteren erfolgte die Beschreibung des holzanatomische Aufbau bzw. der holzanatomische Merkmale. Als wichtigste physikalische Größe wurde die Holzdichte untersucht. Sowohl die Raumdichte als auch die Normal-Rohdichte wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit bestimmt. Zusätzlich erfolgten röntgendensitometrische Dichtemessungen, um die Verwendbarkeit dieses Verfahrens für die untersuchten Holzarten IV Kurzfassung zu bewerten. Darauf aufbauend wurde der radiale Dichteverlauf ausgehend vom Mark bis zur Rinde bestimmt. Die Brinell-Härte wurde auf den Radial-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity and Ethnobotanical Uses of Balanites Aegyptiaca (L.) Del
    plants Article Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity and Ethnobotanical Uses of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Fruits from the Arid Zone of Mauritania, Northwest Africa Selouka Mint Abdelaziz 1,2, Fouteye Mint Mohamed Lemine 1, Hasni Ould Tfeil 3, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf 2 and Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary 1,* 1 Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Unité de recherche génomes et milieux, nouveau campus universitaire, Nouakchott, P.O. Box 880, Mauritanie; [email protected] (S.M.A.); [email protected] (F.M.M.L.) 2 Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Vth University, Rabat 10100, Morocco; fi[email protected] 3 Laboratoire de chimie, Office national d’inspection sanitaire des produits alimentaires (ONISPA), Nouakchott P.O. Box 137, Mauritanie; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +222-2677-9299 Received: 2 March 2020; Accepted: 8 March 2020; Published: 24 March 2020 Abstract: Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of fruits of 30 B. aegyptiaca trees naturally growing in the hyper-arid and arid zones in Mauritania were evaluated by following standard procedures. Ethnobotanical uses of fruit pulps and kernel were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Balanites aegyptiaca fruit pulp is a good source of sugars (33 g/100 g dry matter (DM)), polyphenols (264 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (34.2 mg/100 g DM) with an average antioxidant activity of 519 µmol TEAC/100 g DM. The fruit kernel is rich in lipids (46.2 g/100 g DM) and proteins (29.5 g/ 100 g DM). Fruits from the hyper-arid zone exhibited high level of polyphenols, antioxidant activity and soluble tannins.
    [Show full text]
  • Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
    Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Balanites Aegyptiaca (L.) Del
    Formatted Format checked Sent to authors AP corr done 2EP sent and Format corrected Ep sent and EP Corr done Name and Date Name and Date Name and Date (dd/ Name and Date (dd/ received Name and Date received Date (dd/ Name and Date (dd/ (21/07/2010) (28/07/2010) mm/yyyy) mm/yyyy) Date (dd/mm/yyyy) (28/07/2010) mm/yyyy) mm/yyyy) 2EP corr done Finalised Web approval Pp checked PP corr done Print approval Final corr done Sent for CTP Name and Date (dd/ Name and Date (dd/ sent and received Name and Date (dd/ Name and Date (dd/ sent and received Name and Date Name and Date mm/yyyy) mm/yyyy) Date mm/yyyy) mm/yyyy) Date (dd/mm/yyyy) Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (Hingot): A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and TICLE R pharmacological properties A J. P. Yadav, Manju Panghal Department of Genetics, M.D. University, Rohtak - 124 001, Haryana, India Balanites aegyptiaca is an evergreen, woody, true xerophytic tree of tremendous medicinal importance. It belongs to the family Balanitaceae and is distributed throughout the drier parts of India. B. aegyptiaca has been used in a variety of folk medicines in India EVIEW and Asia. Various parts of the plant are used in Ayurvedic and other folk medicines for the treatment of different ailments such as R syphilis, jaundice, liver and spleen problems, epilepsy, yellow fever and the plant also has insecticidal, antihelminthic, antifeedant, molluscicidal and contraceptive activities. Research has been carried out using different in vitro and in vivo techniques of biological evaluation to support most of these claims.
    [Show full text]
  • South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibacterial Activity of Some Selected Plants of Family Zygophyllaceae and Euphorbiaceae
    Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(40), pp. 5360-5368, 17 October, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR12.539 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Antibacterial activity of some selected plants of family Zygophyllaceae and Euphorbiaceae Ghulam Dastagir 1*, Farrukh Hussain 1 and Abid Ali Khan 2 1Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. 2Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. Accepted 4 May, 2012 The antibacterial activity of the methanolic and n-hexane extracts of Fagonia cretica L. , Peganum harmala L. , Tribulus terrestris L. , Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Raf and Ricinus communis L. , were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoni and Salmonella typhi. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of F. cretica, P. harmala and C. tinctoria revealed the presence of saponins, phlobatannins, anthraquinones and alkaloids. Tannins and flavonoids were found in C. tinctoria and R. communis . Glycosides were found in F. cretica and P. harmala , while terpenoids and phenolics occurred in P. harmala . Group tests revealed that the methanolic and n-hexane extract of F. cretica, P. harmala, T. terrestris, C. tinctoria and R. communis had OH, carboxylic and phenolic groups. The methanolic and n-hexane extracts of F. cretica, P. harmala, T. terrestris, C. tinctoria and R. communis showed the absence of aldehyde and ketone group. The ability of the methanolic and n-hexane extracts of F. cretica , P. harmala, T. terrestris, C. tinctoria and R. communis to inhibit the growth of different bacteria has shown their broad spectrum antibacterial potential, which may be used in the management of microbial infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Art Carpenter
    Art Carpenter's first chair, an experiment using rawhide and lathe-turned parts, satisfies his criteria for good furniture: 'First, it looks like a chair—it doesn't look like an eagle or a tree—you know right away where to put your butt. Second, it lasts, it's rugged, it will stand the use for which it was meant for many years without repair. This has been a desk chair in my shop for 22 years, and its joints are as tight today as they were when they were made. Third, there is a directness and clarity of construc- tion, which gives pleasure to the hand and to the eye. And fourth, it is relatively fast to produce, given the primitive methods of my shop.' under his mother's maiden name, Espenet) is more than a role model—he has nurtured the growth of a generation of inde- pendent designer-craftsmen. Ask the successful woodworkers in the San Francisco Bay Area how they began and you'll hear, "I taught myself, except for some time I spent with Art." Even those who don't spend more than an afternoon at Carpenter's shop leave with practical direction to make it on their own—which is really the spirit of the Guild. The Bau- lines Guild works because it is the simple extension of the self-styled craftsmen who characterize the Bay Area. It prob- ably would not have worked so well were it not for the special place Bolinas is, but it's hard to imagine the Guild at all without Art Carpenter.
    [Show full text]
  • Dry Kiln Operator's Manual
    United States Department of Agriculture Dry Kiln Forest Service Operator's Forest Products Laboratory Manual Madison, Wisconsin Agriculture Handbook No. 188 Dry Kiln Operator’s Manual Edited by William T. Simpson, Research Forest Products Technologist United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory 1 Madison, Wisconsin Revised August 1991 Agriculture Handbook 188 1The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION, Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife-if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides aand pesticide containers. Preface Acknowledgments The purpose of this manual is to describe both the ba- Many people helped in the revision. We visited many sic and practical aspects of kiln drying lumber. The mills to make sure we understood current and develop- manual is intended for several types of audiences. ing kiln-drying technology as practiced in industry, and First and foremost, it is a practical guide for the kiln we thank all the people who allowed us to visit. Pro- operator-a reference manual to turn to when questions fessor John L. Hill of the University of New Hampshire arise. It is also intended for mill managers, so that they provided the background for the section of chapter 6 can see the importance and complexity of lumber dry- on the statistical basis for kiln samples.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 IUCN Red List 3.1 Notes on the IUCN Red List the IUCN Maintains a Complete List of All the Species It Considers Critically Endangered, Endangered Or Vulnerable
    Dutch Caribbean Species of High Conservation Value 3 IUCN Red List 3.1 Notes on the IUCN Red List The IUCN maintains a complete list of all the species it considers critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable. The IUCN Red List does not cover many species, especially marine organisms. The ‘Red List’ of Species can be found at http://www.iucnredlist.org/ including further definitions. The status of many populations of flora and fauna is unknown, those that are known and have been included on the list are classified under the following headings; CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR): A species is Critically Endangered when it is considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. ENDANGERED (EN): A species is Endangered when it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. VULNERABLE (VU): A species is Vulnerable when it is considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. THIS DATA IS FROM THE 2009 LIST UPDATE, downloaded in 2012. The following tables are the result of a search on the IUCN Red List website, refinement using Red List distribution notes on species and DCNA Management Success anecdotal notes from PA managers. IUCN Red List database search criteria; Caribbean Islands: Aruba, Netherlands Antilles Ocean Regions: Atlantic Midwestern Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain 3.2 IUCN Red List Summary Data Total Red List Threatened Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Dutch Caribbean 78 8 21 49 Marine 67 7 16 43 Terrestrial 12 1 5 6 IUCN Red List Species 22 November 2012 Dutch Caribbean Species of High Conservation Value 3.3 Critically endangered Red List Species 3.3.1 Marine critically endangered Red List Species Common Group Name Scientific name English Name Notes Aruba Bonaire Curaçao Saba Eustatius St.
    [Show full text]
  • Strike up the Bandsaw
    “America’s leading woodworking authority”™ Strike Up the Bandsaw • Step by Step construction instruction. • A complete bill of materials. • Exploded view and elevation drawings. • How-to photos with instructive captions. • Tips to help you complete the project and become a better woodworker. To download these plans, you will need Adobe Reader installed on your computer. If you want to get a free copy, you can get it at: Adobe Reader. Having trouble downloading the plans? • If you're using Microsoft Internet Explorer, right click on the download link and select "Save Target As" to download to your local drive. • If you're using Netscape, right click on the download link and select "Save Link As" to download to your local drive. WOODWORKER'S JOURNAL ©2007 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Published in Woodworker’s Journal “The Complete Woodworker: Time-Tested Projects and Professional Techniques for Your Shop and Home” WJ128 A bandsaw is a tremendously versatile and useful tool—but only if it’s running well. Properly set up, it allows you to create poetry out of wood. Out of adjustment it can cause Blade vocabulary usage that would impress the Thrust guard most seasoned boatswain’s mate. bearing adjustment Tuning up your bandsaw is not a huge undertaking. A couple of quick steps to better align and control your blade will have you cutting smoothly in just a few minutes. Most modern bandsaws have a system of Thrust bearing thrust bearings (those little metal wheels that Guide block the blade’s back edge bumps into) and guide Guide block set screws adjustment blocks that hold the blade in proper alignment.
    [Show full text]
  • SWAT Videos by Demonstrator 1/12/2019
    SWAT Videos by Demonstrator 1/12/2019 media id title year volume Adkins, Jim DAW1019 Native American Baskets Part 1 2014 20 DAW1021 Native American Baskets Part 2 2014 21 Arledge, Jimmie DAW0490 Surface Embellishment 2004 10 Avisera, Eli DAW0789 Bowl with Leaves Inlay 2010 1 DAW0791 Boxes with New Ideas: Texturing and Coloring 2010 2 DAW0793 Boxes with New Ideas: Texturing and Coloring in Off-Center 2010 3 DAW0795 Goblet w/Star Segment & Trembleur 2010 4 DAW0797 Square Bowl w/ Off-Center 2010 5 Baldwin, Doug DAW2358 Photography for Wood Turners 2015 1 DAW2360 Photoshop for Wood Turners 2015 2 DAW2660 Light & Shadow - Photographing Wood Objects 2017 1 Barnes, Gary DAW2420 Three-Piece Stacking Salt/Spice Box 2016 1 Bassett, Kevin DAW0665 Turning a Double Natural Edge Bowl 2008 1 DAW2422 An Acorn Ring Box w/ Secret Compartment 2016 2 Batty, Stuart DAW0733 Bowl Turning Techniques using a Gouge 2009 3 DAW0735 The Six Fundamental Wooduring Cuts 2009 4 DAW0755 Dueling Lathes: two different ways to turn a bowl 2009 14 DAW2424 Stuart Batty & Mike Mahoney Dual 2016 3 DAW2426 Bowl Turning w/ the 40/40 Grind 2016 4 DAW2428 Perfecting the Art of Cutting 2016 5 DAW2430 Seven Set-up Fundamentals 2016 6 DAW2692 Stuart Batty and Mike Mahoney Dual 2017 17 Beaver, John DAW2432 Bangles 2016 7 DAW2434 Flying Rib Vase 2016 8 1 SWAT Videos by Demonstrator 1/12/2019 media id title year volume DAW2436 Wave Bowls 2016 9 Berry, Bill DAW0737 Turning Tree Crotches 2009 5 DAW2352 Air Brushing on Turnings 2014 26 Bosch, Trent DAW0462 Carving 2003 1 DAW0464 Basic Bowl
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Callus Induction and High-Efficiency Plant Regeneration in Tribulus Terrestris L., an Important Medicinal Plant
    Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(27), pp. 4401-4408, 18 July, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR12.260 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Enhanced callus induction and high-efficiency plant regeneration in Tribulus terrestris L., an important medicinal plant Sara Sharifi1*, Taher Nejad Sattari1, Alireza Zebarjadi2,3, Ahmad Majd4, and Hamid Reza Ghasempour5 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2Department of Plant Breeding and Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. 3Department of Biotechnology for Drought Resistance, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. 4Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 5Department of Biology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Accepted 11 April, 2012 We described culture conditions for direct and indirect regeneration of Iranian Tribulus terrestris L. through epicotyl, hypocotyl and leaf explants. The explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of auxin and cytokinin. The results indicated that the mean of callus induction was influenced by explant type and various phytohormones levels. The highest percentage of callus production occurred on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) from epicotyl explants (91.6%), 0.4 mg/l (NAA) + 2 mg/l (BAP) from hypocotyl explants (94.3%), and 0.4 mg/l (NAA) + 0.5 mg/l (BAP) for leaf explants (100%). Efficient shoot regeneration (22%) was achieved when the epicotyl explants were incubated on MS media amended with 0.1 mg/l (NAA) + 2 mg/l (BAP) and 0.4 mg/l (NAA) + 0.5 mg/l (BAP) within 14 days of culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Expression Patterns of Gmap2/EREB-Like Transcription Factors Involved in Soybean Responses to Water Deficit
    Expression Patterns of GmAP2/EREB-Like Transcription Factors Involved in Soybean Responses to Water Deficit Juliana Marcolino-Gomes1,2, Fabiana Aparecida Rodrigues2, Maria Cristina Neves Oliveira2, Jose Renato Bouc¸as Farias2, Norman Neumaier2, Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor2, Francismar Correˆa Marcelino- Guimara˜es2, Alexandre Lima Nepomuceno2,3* 1 Department of Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil, 2 Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research–Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil, 3 Embrapa LABEX US Plant Biotechnology at ARS/USDA Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, New York, United States of America Abstract Soybean farming has faced several losses in productivity due to drought events in the last few decades. However, plants have molecular mechanisms to prevent and protect against water deficit injuries, and transcription factors play an important role in triggering different defense mechanisms. Understanding the expression patterns of transcription factors in response to water deficit and to environmental diurnal changes is very important for unveiling water deficit stress tolerance mechanisms. Here, we analyzed the expression patterns of ten APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Element Binding-like (AP2/ EREB-like) transcription factors in two soybean genotypes (BR16: drought-sensitive; and Embrapa 48: drought-tolerant). According to phylogenetic and domain analyses, these genes can be included in the DREB and ERF subfamilies. We also analyzed a GmDRIP-like gene that encodes a DREB negative regulator. We detected the up-regulation of 9 GmAP2/EREB-like genes and identified transcriptional differences that were dependent on the levels of the stress applied and the tissue type analyzed (the expression of the GmDREB1F-like gene, for example, was four times higher in roots than in leaves).
    [Show full text]