SystemsSystems ofof glaciologicalglaciological studiesstudies inin thethe ArcticArctic

InstituteInstitute ofof Geography,Geography, RussianRussian AcademyAcademy ofof SciencesSciences CryosphereCryosphere poligonpoligon inin BarentsburgBarentsburg areaarea

GoalGoal ofof studiesstudies •• ToTo estimateestimate thethe temporaltemporal andand spatialspatial changeschanges inin environment:environment: -- SnowSnow covercover -- PermafrostPermafrost -- GlaciersGlaciers GoalsGoals ofof glaciologicalglaciological studiesstudies

•• -- ToTo estimateestimate thethe responseresponse ofof glacierglacier regimeregime andand dynamicsdynamics onon climateclimate changeschanges •• -- ToTo estimateestimate thethe icebergiceberg runrun--offoff fromfrom outletoutlet glaciersglaciers andand iceice capscaps toto thethe ArcticArctic seasseas •• -- ToTo estimateestimate thethe responseresponse ofof permafrostpermafrost onon climateclimate changeschanges MethodsMethods ofof studiesstudies

•• GroundGround--basedbased radioradio--echoecho soundingsounding •• RadiophysicalRadiophysical measurementsmeasurements •• ShallowShallow andand deepdeep drillingdrilling •• IceIce temperaturetemperature measurementsmeasurements •• MassMass balancebalance measurementsmeasurements •• DGPSDGPS andand GPSGPS measurementsmeasurements •• AnalysisAnalysis ofof satellitesatellite imagesimages andand datadata RegionsRegions ofof glaciologicalglaciological studiesstudies inin thethe Arctic Arctic Severnay Franz Josef Land Zemlya Svalbard

Novay Zemlya AirborneAirborne radioradio--echoecho soundingsounding onon

SvalbardSvalbard RES Flights in 1974-1984 RES record with IRH:Fridtjovbreen

Hydrothermal state and dynamics of glaciers: -Cold glaciers -Polythermal glaciers -Surge-type glaciers -Glaciers with icings and winter englacial runoff AirborneAirborne radioradio--echoecho soundingsounding onon

FranzFranz JosefJosef LandLand Ice thickness maps: RES Flight in 1994 Graham Bell Island Hall Island AirborneAirborne radioradio--echoecho soundingsounding onon SevernayaSevernaya ZemlyaZemlya RES flights in 1997 Academy of Sciences: ice thickness AirborneAirborne radioradio--echoecho soundingsounding onon NovayaNovaya ZemlyaZemlya RES flights in 2005 RES record: 1- surface 2-bedrock RadarRadar equipmentequipment RLS-620 VIRL-6

DRS SomeSome resultsresults fromfrom SvalbardSvalbard glaciers:glaciers: FridtjovbreenFridtjovbreen Radar records RES studies Ice thickness changes, 1988-2007

Changes in ice thickness and CMP internal structure, 1977-2005 measurements: Radio wave velocity

Glacier surface elevation changes, 1990-2004 SomeSome resultsresults fromfrom SvalbardSvalbard glaciers:Tavlebreenglaciers:Tavlebreen RES profiles, 2006 RES record: cold and temperate ice, 2006 IceIce calvingcalving fromfrom outletoutlet glaciersglaciers andand iceice capscaps toto ArcticArctic seasseas Airnborne RES from vessel “Michael RES flights on Franz Josef Land, 2007 Somov”

Potential iceberg calving