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New Data on Upper Carboniferousбlower Permian RESEARCH/REVIEW ARTICLE New data on Upper Carboniferous Lower Permian deposits of Bol’shevik Island, Severnaya ZemlyaÁ Archipelago Victoria B. Ershova,1 Andrei V. Prokopiev,2 Valery A. Nikishin,3 Andrey K. Khudoley,1 Nikolay A. Malyshev3 & Anatoly M. Nikishin4 1 Department of Regional Geology, Institute of Earth Science, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg RU-199034, Russia 2 Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenina 39, Yakutsk RU-677980, Russia 3 Rosneft, Vereyskaya 17, Moscow RU-121357, Russia 4 Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, Moscow RU-119991, Russia Keywords Abstract Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago; Arctic; We present here a detailed study of the Upper Carboniferous Lower Permian detrital zircon; Late Palaeozoic; tectonic. Á stratigraphy of Bol’shevik Island in the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, consist- Correspondence ing of the analysis of sedimentary structures and lithostratigraphy, U/Pb detrital Victoria B. Ershova, Department of Regional zircon dating and structural studies. The preserved sedimentary structures Geology, Institute of Earth Science, suggest that the studied strata were deposited in a relatively small meandering St. Petersburg State University, fluvial system. U/Pb dating of detrital zircons reveals that the Upper CarboniferousÁ Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg Lower Permian sandstones contain a primary age population ranging from 450 to RU-199034, Russia. 570 millions of years, with a predominance of Early Middle Ordovician zircons. E-mail: [email protected] Á This detrital zircon distribution indicates that the studied formations were derived locally from the erosion of Lower Ordovician deposits of Bol’shevik Island or elsewhere in the archipelago. Our structural studies suggest that Upper CarboniferousÁLower Permian deposits are deformed into a series of westÁ north-west verging open asymmetric folds, suggesting a westÁnorth-west direction of tectonic transport and that deformation across the island is post- Early Permian in age. To access the supplementary material for this article, please see supplementary files under Article Tools online. As conventional hydrocarbon exploration reaches a ma- The Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago comprises four ture phase in many parts of the world, increasing attention main islands*Pioneer, October Revolution, Komsomolets is being focused on the frontier basins of the Arctic. and Bol’shevik*along with numerous other small islands, Paramount amongst the frontier basins in the Russian islets and island groups. Pioneer, October Revolution and Arctic is the North Kara Basin, which by analogy with the Komsomolets islands are mainly composed of Cambrian to prolific West Siberian Basin, is considered highly prospec- Upper Devonian deposits, whilst predominantly CambrianÁ tive for hydrocarbons. The North Kara Basin is less studied Ordovician rocks are exposed on Bol’shevik Island, with than the Barents Sea basins to the west, with no deep wells a few outcrops of Upper CarboniferousÁPermian and drilled offshore to date. Our understanding of its geology is Mesozoic deposits (Makar’ev 2013). The study area is based on seismic data (Drachev et al. 2010) along with the located in the northern Bol’shevik Island along the coast of study of onshore outcrop sections exposed along the Akhmatov Bay (Fig. 1). Bol’shevik Island is the southern- basin’s perimeter on the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago most and second largest island in the group, located and Taimyr Peninsula (Gramberg & Usˇakov 2000; Lorenz across the Shokal’sky Strait from neighbouring October et al. 2007; Lorenz, Mannik et al. 2008; Makar’ev 2013). Revolution Island. Polar Research 2015. # 2015 V.B. Ershova et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 1 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Polar Research 2015, 34, 24558, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.24558 (page number not for citation purpose) Upper CarboniferousÁLower Permian deposits, Bol’shevik Island V.B. Ershova et al. (a) 80°0´0˝N 80°0´0˝N Svalbard 1b 70°0´0˝N 70°0´0˝N Kara Sea Taimyr Barents Sea Zemlya ´0˝E 10°0 Siberia ´ Novaya 0˝E 120°0 West Siberia ´0˝E 30°0 ´0˝E 90°0 ´0˝E 50°0´0˝E 70°0 (b) 90°0´0˝E 100°0´0˝E 110°0´0˝E ´ 81°0 0˝N Shmidt 81°0´0˝N Is. Komsomolets Laptev Sea Is. 80°0´0˝N 80°0´0˝N Pioneer Is. October Revolution Is. 79°0´0˝N 79°0´0˝N Kara Sea Bol’ shevik Is. 78°0´0˝N 78°0´0˝N Fig. 2a 90°0´0˝E 100°0´0˝E Location of the studied section and dated sample 13AP-21 Fig. 1 (a) Regional setting of the study area; (b) map of Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago with location of study sections. Detrital zircon U/Pb studies have become increasingly provide a new insight into the Late Palaeozoic palaeogeo- popular in recent years, providing new constraints on the graphy and tectonics of Severnaya Zemlya and the tectonic evolution of the Arctic region. U/Pb detrital zir- adjacent offshore North Kara Basin. con studies of the NeoproterozoicÁDevonian succession of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago have been carried Geological background out by Lorenz, Gee et al. (2008). This paper presents new data, derived from the first U/Pb The Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, the northern part of detrital zircon analysis of the Upper CarboniferousÁ the Taimyr Peninsula and the northern Kara Shelf Permian clastic rocks the Upper CarboniferousÁPermian comprise the Kara Terrane. Various models have been succession of Bol’shevik Island. The data presented here proposed for the Palaeozoic history of the Kara Terrane. 2 Citation: Polar Research 2015, 34, 24558, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.24558 (page number not for citation purpose) V.B. Ershova et al. Upper CarboniferousÁLower Permian deposits, Bol’shevik Island Zonenshain et al. (1990) suggested that the terrane was separates the Kara Terrane from the South Kara Basin and part of a larger continent block called Arctida; Lorenz and West Siberia (Drachev et al. 2010). co-workers (Lorenz, Gee et al. 2008; Lorenz, Mannik et al. Previous studies led to the assumption that Bol’shevik 2008) described it as a marginal part of Baltica, whilst Island was mainly composed of deformed Proterozoic many other researchers suggest it existed as an indepen- rocks, intruded by Early Carboniferous granites (Markovskij dent terrane or microcontinent during the Palaeozoic et al. 1999; Lorenz, Mannik et al. 2008; Fig. 2a). However, (Bogdanov et al. 1998; Gramberg & Usˇakov 2000; Metelkin more recent U/Pb studies have revealed that the folded et al. 2000; Metelkin et al. 2005). In the present tectonic rocks on Bol’shevik Island are mostly of CambrianÁ setting, the Kara Terrane is delineated by the continental Ordovician age (Lorenz, Gee et al. 2008; Makar’ev & margin of the Eurasia Basin to the north, whilst the Main Makar’eva 2012; Makar’ev 2013). The stratigraphic subdi- Taimyr Thrust separates northern Taimyr (part of the Kara vision recently proposed by Makar’ev (2013) is mainly Terrane) from central Taimyr and Siberia to the south based on the youngest populations of detrital zircons, (Vernikovskij 1996). The western and eastern offshore along with the relationship between different stratigraphic boundaries of the Kara Terrane are still being debated. The units identified during geological mapping on Bol’shevik linear North Siberian basement arch has been identified Island. Nonetheless, the lack of modern biostratigraphic from seismic data offshore in the Kara Sea, which probably studies has left the stratigraphic succession of the highly (a) (b) 100°0´0˝E 102°0´0˝E 104°0´0˝E 106°0´0˝E Stage Lithology System Formation . 3tel 1 13AP21 ?? Akhmatov Devonian- Carboniferous Upper-Lower Alekseevskaya 2sl Akhmatov bay O1kas 2sl 79°0´0˝N 79°0´0˝N 3tel 2sl Razezdnaya R. Razezdnaya Lower Legend: Kasatkinskaya 1-2kr Ordovician Coal 3tel 2sl Snegnaya R. O1kas 1-2kr+gl Limestones Studenaya R. Conglomerates Upper 2sl elmanovskaya T Shale 2sl 2sl Obryvistaya R. Sandstones 1-2kr+gl 2sl 1-2kr Siltstones Skalistay aR. Skalistay Lagernaya R. Middle Slozhninskaya Angular 3tel unconformity O 1kas 13AP21 0 10 20 40 Cambrian Dated sample km 78°0´0˝N 78°0´0˝N 1 Upper Carboniferous- Lower Permian Krasnorechenskaya Legend 100°0´0˝E 102°0´0˝E 104°0´0˝E Kasatkinskaya Formation Krasnorechenskaya Formation 200 m J -K J -K O kas 1–2kr 3 1 3 1 1 O 1 1–2kr Akhmatovskaya Formation Telmanovskaya Formation Krasnorechenskaya Formation & Lower C3-P1 akh tell kr+gl 3 tel 1–2 Golyshevskaya Formation C3-P1 3 1–2kr+gl Golyshevskaya Alekseevskaya Formation Slozhninskaya Formation Granites D3-C1 a l 2sl D3-C1 C 2sl 1 Faults Study section Fig. 2 (a) Simplified geological map of Bol’shevik Island (modified after Makar’ev 2013); (b) composite stratigraphic section of Palaeozoic rocks of Bol’shevik Island. (For a larger version of this figure, see Supplementary File 3.) Citation: Polar Research 2015, 34, 24558, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.24558 3 (page number not for citation purpose) Upper CarboniferousÁLower Permian deposits, Bol’shevik Island V.B. Ershova et al. deformed outcrops on Bol’shevik Island unclear. Five Permian periods (Dibner 1982; Gramberg & Usˇakov 2000; Lower Palaeozoic formations have been described from Makar’ev 2013; Sobolev et al. 2013). The studied succes- Bol’shevik Island: Golyshevskaya, Krasnorechenskaya, sion in Akhmatov Bay comprises an alternation of poorly Telmanovskaya, Slozhninskaya and Kasatkinskaya cemented fine-grained sandstones, siltstones and shales, (Makar’ev 2013; Fig. 2b). with lenses and layers of coal and numerous beds of The Golyshevskaya Formation (Lower Cambrian) is coalified plant detritus (Fig.
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