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A Look at 50 Years Since the Royal Commission On Maxwell Yalden A LOOK Graham Fraser Linda Cardinal AT 50 YEARS François Boileau SINCE THE ROYAL Matthew Hayday Jean-Pierre Corbeil COMMISSION ON Michael MacMillan BILINGUALISM Jean-Charles St-Louis AND Alain-G. Gagnon BICULTURALISM York University, Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections. University, York F0433, Accession # 1974-002/170 Fonds, Telegram Toronto Fall 2013 50 You want to take your brand to the next level, create marketing tools which sell, make your website stand out... That takes big ideas. Not big egos. www.bang-marketing.com s T 514 849-2264 F 514 849-2200 1 888 942-BANG fall 2013 Getting to Know Ourselves: the Association Canada’s Bilingual Education Revolution: for Canadian Studies and its Evolving ‘Identities’ The B&B Commission and Official Languages 5 29 in Education Jack Jedwab Matthew Hayday Foreword: The B&B Commission – 50 years on The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission: Where to now? 8 Maxwell Yalden 34 Jean-Pierre Corbeil The Royal Commission on Bilingualism Resolving the Language Question: 14 and Biculturalism, 50 Years Later 39 The Impact of the Bi & Bi Commission Graham Fraser Michael MacMillan The Impact of the Commission on Bilingualism and The Laurendeau-Dunton Commission and Biculturalism on Francophone Minority Communities the need to rethink Canadian Diversity 18 in Canada 43 Alain-G. Gagnon and Jean-Charles St-Louis Linda Cardinal The Laurendeau-Dunton Commission: The situation The ACS is proud to present Identities and Engagements, its annual of Francophones in Ontario conference on the teaching of history, organised in collaboration with 24 AQEUS, and taking place on October 17-18 2013 at Château Bromont, François Boileau in Bromont, QC. Canadian Issues is published by Thèmes canadiens est publié par Canada History Fund Fonds pour l’histoire du Canada PRÉSIDENT / PRESIDENT Jocelyn Letourneau, Université Laval Canadian Issues / Thèmes canadiens is a quarterly publication of the Associa- PRÉSIDENTE SORTANTE / OUTGOING PRESIDENT tion for Canadian Studies (ACS). It is distributed free of charge to individual Minelle Mahtani, University of Toronto and institutional members of the ACS. Canadian Issues is a bilingual publica- PRÉSIDENT D'HONNEUR / HONORARY CHAIR The Hon. Herbert Marx tion. All material prepared by the ACS is published in both French and Eng- SECRÉTAIRE DE LANGUE FRANÇAISE ET TRÉSORIER / lish. All other articles are published in the language in which they are written. FRENCH-LANGUAGE SECRETARY AND TREASURER Opinions expressed in articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily Vivek Venkatesh, Concordia University reflect the opinion of the ACS. The Association for Canadian Studies is a vol- SECRÉTAIRE DE LANGUE ANGLAISE / ENGLISH-LANGUAGE SECRETARY Lloyd Wong, University of Calgary untary non-profit organization. It seeks to expand and disseminate knowledge REPRÉSENTANTE ÉTUDIANTE / STUDENTS’ REPRESENTATIVE about Canada through teaching, research and publications. Celine Cooper, University of Toronto REPRÉSENTANT DE LA COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE ET DU YUKON / Canadian Issues / Thèmes canadiens est une publication trimestrielle de BRITISH COLUMBIA AND YUKON REPRESENTATIVE l’Association d’études canadiennes (AEC). Elle est distribuée gratuitement Peter Seixas, University of British Columbia aux membres de l’AEC. CITC est une publication bilingue. Tous les textes REPRÉSENTANTE DU QUÉBEC / QUÉBEC REPRESENTATIVE émanant de l’AEC sont publiés en français et en anglais. Tous les autres textes Yolande Cohen, UQAM sont publiés dans la langue d’origine. Les collaborateurs et collaboratrices de REPRÉSENTANTE DE L’ONTARIO / ONTARIO REPRESENTATIVE Eve Haque, Ryerson University Thèmes canadiens sont entièrement responsables des idées et opinions expri- REPRÉSENTANT DES PRAIRIES ET DES TERRITOIRES DU NORD-OUEST / mées dans leurs articles. L’Association d’études canadiennes est un organisme PRAIRIES AND NORTHWEST TERRITORIES REPRESENTATIVE pancanadien à but non lucratif dont l’objet est de promouvoir l’enseignement, Dominique Clément, University of Alberta la recherche est les publications sur le Canada. REPRÉSENTANT DE L’ATLANTIQUE / ATLANTIC PROVINCES REPRESENTATIVE Chedly Belkhodja, Université de Moncton Canadian Issues / Thèmes canadiens acknowledges the financial support of VICE-PRÉSIDENT EXÉCUTIF / EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT the Government of Canada through the Canada History Fund of the Jack Jedwab DIRECTRICE GÉNÉRALE / EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Department of Canadian Heritage for this project. Julie Perrone DIRECTEUR DES PROGRAMMES ET ADMINISTRATION / Canadian Issues / Thèmes canadiens bénéficie de l’appui financier du DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMMING AND ADMINISTRATION Gouvernement du Canada par le biais du Fonds pour l’histoire du Canada James Ondrick du ministère du Patrimoine canadien pour ce projet. DIRECTRICE DES PUBLICATIONS / DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS Sarah Kooi COORDONNATRICE DES COMMUNICATIONS / COMMUNICATIONS COORDINATOR Victoria Chwalek LETTERS/COURRIER Comments on this edition of Canadian Issues ? We want to hear from you. Write to Canadian Issues – Letters, ACS, 1822A, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal (Québec) H3H 1E4. Or e-mail us at <[email protected]> RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Your letters may be edited for length and clarity. Julie Perrone Directrice à la rédaction / MANAGING EDITOR Des commentaires sur ce numéro ? Julie Perrone Écrivez-nous à Thèmes canadiens traduction / TRANSLATION Courrier, AEC, 1822A, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal (Québec) H3H 1E4. Victoria Chwalek Ou par courriel au <[email protected]> Vos lettres peuvent être GRAPHISME / DESIGN modifiées pour des raisons éditoriales. Bang Marketing : 514 849-2264 • 1 888 942-BANG [email protected] PUBLICITÉ / ADVERTISING : @CanadianStudies [email protected] 514 925-3096 ADRESSE AEC / ACS ADDRESS 1822, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal (QC) H3H 1E4 514 925-3096 / [email protected] GETTING TO KNOW OURSELVES: THE ASSOCIATION FOR CANADIAN STUDIES AND ITS EVOLVING ‘Identities’ PART 2 OF 2 JACK JEDWAB, Executive Vice-President of the Association for Canadian Studies There are many individuals and organizations in Canada that contribute to the ongoing discussion and debate about who we are as a people and as a country and that seek to identify the principal factors that account for our continued transformation. There are also many ways to approach the issue. As debates about Canadian identity evolve, so too have there been changes across those institutions that engage in such debates. Canada’s universities have played a pivotal role in ongoing reflection around our multiple identities. Over the past few decades, our universities have established different centres and programs that are dedicated specifically to identity issues. Since the 1970’s there has been an expansion of centres for Canadian, Quebec, Aboriginal, Immigration and Ethnic studies and a broad range of other university-driven initiatives that bring together faculty and students across disciplines. The academics involved with such programs have generated an inestimable number of conferences and publications. Government plays a vital role in developing policies and programs that respond to identity needs and have invested significantly in the diverse expression of cultures that collectively defines us. Legislative measures have played a fundamental role in shaping Canadian identities. Indeed law professors are not sufficiently present in national conversations about identity. As regards the nation’s public conversation around identities, there are challenges associated with cooperation between government and the academy. With faculty members seeking to protect their academic freedom there has been some reluctance to establish partnerships with government in undertaking projects that examine identity. For its part government expects that the academy will be mindful of the fact that, when it extends funding for research on identity, policy objectives frequently need to be taken into account. Yet increasingly there appears to be recognition that government is an essential partner in identity debates and therefore, at times, some degree of collaboration is necessary. It is the form taken by such collaboration that is often crucial in ensuring satisfactory outcomes for academic and policy-maker alike. Canadian Issues - Fall 2013 5 Jack Jedwab Since the 1970’s, a range of institutions have been and in the funding environment. Many have however established whose aim is to bridge the gap between the been affected by market volatility and as a result low two sectors and ensure that joint research efforts do not returns on interest have seen the scope of their activities compromise either academics and/or policy-makers. reduced. Former ACS Board member Chad Gaffield once The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council suggested that the strength of the ACS was that, in the provides rigorously peer-reviewed assessments of absence of meaningful endowment, it was forced to be projects often initiated by government that offer funds for entrepreneurial. Those organizations that will survive the academic research. But SSHRC is a granting organization ongoing challenge of the current NGO environment will and therefore does not generate its own research. Outside indeed need to innovate. the academy, a segment of the non-governmental sector offers a forum for policy makers, academic and non- The case can be made successfully that, over the past academic researchers as well as those agencies offering two decades in particular,
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