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In the National Interest: Canadian Foreign Policy and the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 1909–2009
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2011 In the National Interest: Canadian Foreign Policy and the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 1909–2009 University of Calgary Press Donaghy, G., & Carroll, M. (Eds.). (2011). In the National Interest: Canadian Foreign Policy and the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 1909-2009. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: University of Calgary Press. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/48549 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 Unported Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca University of Calgary Press www.uofcpress.com IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST Canadian Foreign Policy and the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 1909–2009 Greg Donaghy and Michael K. Carroll, Editors ISBN 978-1-55238-561-6 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. -
CJP 53 1 Bookreviews 216..217
216 Book Reviews/Recensions par exemple au mensonge en politique, aux fausses nouvelles, à la fabrication de l’opinion pub- lique). Une actualisation qui n’est pas faite par l’auteure elle-même, mais dont le travail généalogique permettra d’inspirer en retraçant les moments dans l’œuvre arendtienne. Canada’s Official Languages: Policy versus Work Practice in the Federal Public Service Helaina Gaspard, Ottawa, University of Ottawa Press, 2019, pp. 162. Martin Normand, University of Ottawa ([email protected]) In the preface to Canada’s Official Languages: Policy versus Work Practice in the Federal Public Service, Graham Fraser, former Commissioner of Official Languages, aptly observes that “Canada’s language policies have a history of paradoxes and contradictions” (ix). Helaina Gaspard gives credence to this observation in the particular remit of language of work in the federal public service. Language reform has been a focus within the federal public service mainly since the 1960s, with the goal of better representing linguistic duality in federal insti- tutions and of providing government services in French and English. Hence, for practical and symbolic reasons, successive governments took steps to ensure better representation and use of French in government business. Yet there remains an important gap between policy and practice, with the result that, in 2019, 50 years after the first Official Languages Act, a siz- able number of public servants still could not work in the official language of their choice. Gaspard suggests that this gap persists because the “implementation process never fully consid- ered the structural foundations … of the public service as an institution that traditionally oper- ated predominantly in English” (5). -
Liberties, Claims and a Very Canadian Conversation
LANGUAGE RIGHTS: LIBERTIES, CLAIMS AND A VERY CANADIAN CONVERSATION Graham Fraser Language rights are not only central to the cultural identity of Canada’s two founding language communities, they are central to both Canada’s constitutional traditions, with group freedoms and denominational schools initially guaranteed under the British North America Act, and individual rights entrenched in the Charter. “In considering the Charter,” writes Canada’s new Commissioner of Official Languages, “it is easy to think that rights and freedoms are almost synonyms. They aren’t.” Graham Fraser considers the BNA Act versus Charter status of language rights, and recounts the modern context, from the B&B Commission of the 1960s, to the Official Languages Act of 1969, to the entrenchment of minority language rights in the Charter. Les droits linguistiques sont aussi indissociables de l’identité culturelle des deux communautés fondatrices du pays que de nos deux traditions constitutionnelles. En témoignent la garantie des libertés collectives et des écoles confessionnelles inscrite dès l’origine dans l’Acte de l’Amérique du Nord britannique, puis celle des droits individuels intégrée à la Charte des droits et libertés. En vertu de celle-ci, écrit le nouveau commissaire aux langues officielles Graham Fraser, on peut d’ailleurs « imaginer que droits et libertés sont quasi synonymes, mais il n’en est rien ». L’auteur examine les statuts respectifs de l’Acte de l’Amérique du Nord britannique et de la Charte des droits et libertés à la lumière de l’histoire récente, depuis la Commission royale sur le bilinguisme et le biculturalisme des années 1960 jusqu’à la Loi sur les langues officielles de 1969 en passant par l’inscription dans la Charte des droits linguistiques des minorités linguistiques. -
Conference Report Prepared by Aidan Fehr BA (Hons.) Student, Mcgill University
24th Annual MISC Conference Report prepared by Aidan Fehr BA (Hons.) Student, McGill University 1 Table of Contents About the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada ......................................................................... 3 Conference Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4 Provincial Politics ................................................................................................................................... 5 Indigenous Reconciliation ..................................................................................................................... 6 Immigration and Refugees .................................................................................................................... 7 Trade / NAFTA ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Premiers .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Federalism and the New Media Environment .................................................................................... 9 Natural Resources & The Environment ............................................................................................ 11 Part I ........................................................................................................................................................................... -
Talking About Government in Canada F
9.2.1 Talking about Government in Canada f Read the following quotations. Summarize the main idea of each quotation in your own words. Select two or three quotations that best reflect the nature of Canada. Constitution Act of 1867, Section 91, Powers of the Parliament It shall be lawful for the Queen, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate and House of Commons, to make Laws for the Peace, Order, and good Government of Canada, in relation to all Matters not coming within the Classes of Subjects by this Act assigned exclusively to the Legislatures of the Provinces… Section 9 Executive Power The Executive Government and Authority of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in the Queen. Section 17, Legislative Power There shall be One Parliament for Canada, consisting of the Queen, an Upper House styled the Senate, and the House of Commons. “Not life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, but peace, order, and good government are what the national government of Canada guarantees. Under these, it is assumed, life, liberty, and happiness may be achieved, but by each according to his taste. For the society of allegiance admits of a diversity the society of compact does not, and one of the blessings of Canadian life is that there is no Canadian way of life, much less two, but a unity under the Crown admitting of a thousand diversities.” ~ W. L. Morton, historian, The Canadian Identity (1961), referring to the difference between the American and Canadian constitutions “Our founding principles are diversity and unity: Canada is a federation, not just a nation, and that says it all.” ~ Bob Rae, former premier of Ontario, “An Unfounded Nation,” National Post, 3 July 1999. -
Trudeau, Trump and Trade: the New Deal
www.policymagazine.ca November—December 2018 Canadian Politics and Public Policy Trudeau, Trump and Trade: The New Deal $6.95 Volume 6—Issue 6 Through its various tree planting initiatives, including EcoConnexions – From the Ground Up, CN has planted 1.8 million trees across North America since 2012. This makes CN the leading private non-forestry company tree planter in Canada. www.cn.ca Your business doesn’t stop at the border. Neither does our expertise. At BMO, our team understands the complexities of doing business beyond Canada. So whether you’re considering expansion or already have existing cross border operations, we can offer the strategic advice, fi nancial resources and product solutions you need on both sides of the border. Capital Markets | Wealth Management | Commercial Banking | Global Asset Management ® Registered trademark of Bank of Montreal in the United States, Canada and elsewhere. TM Trademark of Bank of Montreal in the United States and Canada. 18-2129_CM_Policy_Ad_Ev2.indd 1 2018-10-24 5:09 PM Peerless Clothing is the largest supplier of men’s and boy’s tailored clothing to most major department stores and speciality retail- ers in both the United States and Canada. Proudly Canadian / Fièrement canadien The largest manufacturer of men’s and boy’s tailored clothing in the world. www.peerless-clothing.com 1.800.336.9363 5 In This Issue 8 From the Editor / L. Ian MacDonald Trudeau, Trump and Trade: The New Deal 9 Derek H. Burney Canadian Politics and Beyond USMCA: The Enemy is Complacency Public Policy 12 Douglas Porter EDITOR How Do You Spell Relief? U-S-M-C-A L. -
Graham Fraser, Commissioner of Official Languages of Canada The
The importance of leadership in implementing language policies Graham Fraser, Commissioner of Official Languages of Canada As with many public policies in Canada, its language policy was developed by a Royal Commission, in this case the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. The Commission was set up in 1963 in response to the rise of Quebec nationalism in the early 1960s. Published in 1967, the Commission's first report favoured a version of the Finnish model. Moreover, the Commission recommended recognising English and French as the two official languages of Canada, adopting a law on official languages and appointing a commissioner of official languages to act as an "active conscience". Saying that Canada is a bilingual country can lead to confusion. Canada is in fact a country that has a policy of official bilingualism. Its language policy was developed to ensure that monolingual French speakers receive the same level of federal government services as monolingual English speakers. That said, do these two languages enjoy "equal status" within the institutions subject to the Official Languages Act (the Act), as required under this Act? No. The use of the two languages does not happen by reflex in designated bilingual workplaces. Nevertheless, there are elements of success. Leadership is a key success factor. Firstly, there is political leadership. Since 1968, all of Canada's prime ministers have been bilingual. Since 1984, bilingualism has been accepted as an essential quality for becoming the leader of a political party. Next, there is administrative leadership. If senior officials set the example in their relations with employees and in their messages by using the two official languages, if they show that usage of both languages is valued and that services are provided effectively in both languages, then the message sent to the organisation is quickly understood. -
Bilingualism and the Indigenous Supreme Court Candidate 797
BILINGUALISM AND THE INDIGENOUS SUPREME COURT CANDIDATE 797 THE SUPREME COURT, FUNCTIONAL BILINGUALISM, AND THE INDIGENOUS CANDIDATE: RECONCILING THE BENCH ALEXANDREA NASAGER* The recent reforms to the Supreme Court of Canada appointment process have created potential barriers to Indigenous candidates. This article reviews the appointment process and its two objectives of functional bilingualism and increased diversity. Given the lack of progress on diversity, particularly with respect to Indigenous representation, a rebalancing of appointment criteria is required. Reconciliation, in both the legal and evolving public policy sense, requires Indigenous participation in legal institutions. Furthermore, arguments in favour of functional bilingualism, such as specific legal expertise and incorporation of distinct cultural viewpoints, transfer seamlessly to Indigenous and other minority representation at the Supreme Court. The functional bilingualism requirement should remain, but accommodation for Indigenous candidates is integral to reconciliation. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 797 II. THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA APPOINTMENT PROCESS AND FUNCTIONAL BILINGUALISM ............................... 799 A. BACKGROUND ......................................... 799 B. PROCEDURE ........................................... 800 C. THE ADVISORY BOARD .................................. 800 D. THE STANDARD OF FUNCTIONAL BILINGUALISM ............... 801 III. DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONAL BILINGUALISM ..................... -
Special Report to Parliament – Air Canada
SPECIAL REPORT TO PARLIAMENT AIR CANADA: ON THE ROAD TO INCREASED COMPLIANCE THROUGH AN EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT REGIME JUNE 2016 www.officiallanguages.gc.ca officiallanguages @OCOLCanada To reach the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages or to obtain a copy in an alternative format, dial toll-free 1 877 996-6368. www.officiallanguages.gc.ca © Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 2016 Cat. No.: SF31-126/2016 ISBN: 978-0-660-05433-9 THE SPEAKER OF THE SENATE Ottawa Mr. Speaker, Pursuant to subsection 67(1) of the Official Languages Act, I am pleased to present to you, for tabling in the Senate, the enclosed special report to Parliament entitled Air Canada: On the road to increased compliance through an effective enforcement regime. Yours respectfully, Graham Fraser THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS Ottawa Mr. Speaker, Pursuant to subsection 67(1) of the Official Languages Act, I am pleased to present to you, for tabling in the House of Commons, the enclosed special report to Parliament entitled Air Canada: On the road to increased compliance through an effective enforcement regime. Yours respectfully, Graham Fraser TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................2 SECTION 1 — AIR CANADA: ON THE COMMISSIONERS’ RADAR SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ACT ...........................................4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ -
Commissioner of Official Languages Or to Obtain a Copy in an Alternative Format, Dial Toll-Free 1-877-996-6368
BEYOND OBLIGATIONS ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 VOLUME I ANNUAL REPORt 2009–2010: BEYOND OBLIGAtions—Volume I THE OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE FOLLOWING PHOTOGRAPHERS: Pascal Arseneau Paul Austring Roger Belanger Denis Bernier Phonse King Sébastien Lavallée Kevin Machida Jean-Sébastien Racine © Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 2010 Cat. No.: SF1-2010 ISBN: 978-1-100-51585-4 To reach the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages or to obtain a copy in an alternative format, dial toll-free 1-877-996-6368. www.officiallanguages.gc.ca Printed on recycled paper THE SPEAKER OF THE SENATE Ottawa Mr. Speaker, Pursuant to section 66 of the Official Languages Act, I hereby submit to Parliament, through your good offices, volume I of the annual report of the Commissioner of Official Languages covering the period from April 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010. Yours respectfully, Graham Fraser THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS Ottawa Mr. Speaker, Pursuant to section 66 of the Official Languages Act, I hereby submit to Parliament, through your good offices, volume I of the annual report of the Commissioner of Official Languages covering the period from April 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010. Yours respectfully, Graham Fraser TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY Promoting linguistic duality .................................................... III Official languages governance ...............................................IV Language of work ................................................................VI Recommendations ...............................................................IX -
SOCIETY PAGES EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT SUMMER 2009 UPDATE by Patrick Donovan, Interim Executive Director
N U M B E R 2 4 ■ SUMMER 2009 ■ $ 2 . 0 0 ■ OLD SILLERY & THE MOUNTAIN FAMILY By Nicole Dorion-Poussart ■ LIBRARY CATALOGUE ONLINE ■ The Morrin Centre is managed by the Literary & Historical Society of Quebec ■ Published with the assistance of Canada Post ■ EDITOR Patrick Donovan [email protected] DESIGN David Dupuis [email protected] NUMBER 24 ■ SUMMER 2009 ■ PUBLISHER Literary and Historical Society of Quebec CONTENT 44, chaussée des Écossais Québec (Québec) G1R 4H3 PHONE Letter from the President 1 David F. Blair 418-694-9147 FAX Library Catalogue Online 1 418-694-0754 GENERAL INQUIRIES [email protected] Executive Director’s Report 2 Patrick Donovan WEBSITE www.morrin.org 2009 Membership Survey 3 Patrick Donovan ■ LHSQ COUNCIL David F. Blair, President Wish List: 19th C. Classics 4 Steve Cameron, Vice-President James Haberlin, Treasurer Transactions Diane Kameen, Secretary Marie C Tremblay, Honorary Librarian From Solitudes to Diversity 5 Graham Fraser Peter Black From Montaigne to Mountain 10 Nicole Dorion-Poussart Louisa Blair William GK Boden Events & Activities Sovita Chander Haiku Quebec 12 Jeanne Grégoire James Donovan Judith Dunn Ladd Johnson Fundraising Rob Lemon Planned Giving 13 Marie Rubsteck Lorraine O’Donnell Hélène Thibault [email protected] ■ DIRECTORS Patrick Donovan Interim Executive Director [email protected] Barry McCullough Director of Administration LIBRARY HOURS [email protected] Marie Rubsteck Sunday 12:00PM-4:00PM Director of Development [email protected] Monday CLOSED FULL-TIME STAFF Tuesday 12:00PM-9:00PM Simon Auclair Library Manager Wednesday 12:00PM-4:00PM [email protected] Valérie Deslauriers Thursday 12:00PM-4:00PM Administrative Assistant [email protected] Friday 12:00PM-4:00PM Erin Zoellner Cultural Activities Coordinator Saturday 10:00AM-4:00PM [email protected] ■ PLEASE NOTE: LIBRARY WILL BE The mission of the Morrin Centre is to share and foster English-language culture in the CLOSED ON JUNE 24 AND JULY 1 Quebec City region. -
RA ILOB 12-13 A.Indd
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 2013 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES AND BILINGUALISM INSTITUTE ENGAGEMENT AND INNOVATION www.olbi.uOttawa.ca TABLE OF CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR ............................................... 1 OUR MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS .................................................... 2 OUR TEAM ................................................................................... 3 TEACHING ................................................................................... 4 SECOND LANGUAGE INTENSIVE PROGRAMS ........................... 9 RESEARCH ................................................................................ 12 TESTING AND EVALUATION ...................................................... 15 DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION .......................................... 17 LANGUAGE RIGHTS SUPPORT PROGRAM (LRSP) .................. 20 PUBLICATIONS .......................................................................... 22 Official Languages and Bilingualism Institute (OLBI) University of Ottawa 70 Laurier Avenue East Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada 613-562-5743 [email protected] www.olbi.uOttawa.ca ISSN 1923-967X (Print) 2013.09 7C ISSN 1923-9688 (Online) MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR The Official Languages and Bilingualism Institute (OLBI) is pleased to present its annual report for the 2012-2013 academic year. As in past reports, this report presents our major accomplishments during this period. The University of Ottawa’s strategic plan, Destination 2020, focuses on four key areas: improving the student experience, encouraging research,