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Universidade Federal Do Ceará Centro De Ciências Sociais Departamento De Sociologia Programa De Doutoramento Em Sociologia UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE SOCIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE DOUTORAMENTO EM SOCIOLOGIA MARCIA ASSUNÇÃO ARAÚJO ITINERÂNCIA NO ASHRAM: ALIMENTANDO CORPO E ALMA NA BRAHMA KUMARIS FORTALEZA 2012 MARCIA ASSUNÇÃO ARAÚJO ITINERÂNCIA NO ASHRAM: alimentando corpo e alma na Brahma Kumaris Tese apresentada ao curso de Doutorado em Sociologia do Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de título de Doutora em Sociologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Antônio Cristian Saraiva Paiva FORTALEZA 2012 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação Universidade Federal do Ceará Biblioteca Universitária Gerada automaticamente pelo módulo Catalog, mediante os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a) __________________________________________________________________ A663i Araújo, Marcia Assunção. Itinerância no ashram : alimentando corpo e alma na brahma kumaris / Marcia Assunção Araújo. – 2012. 283 f. : il. color. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Humanidades, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza, 2012. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Antônio Cristian Saraiva Paiva. 1. Alimentos vegetarianos. 2. Religião. 3. Movimentos sociais. 4. Percepção. I. Título. CDD 220.601 ________________________________________________________________________________ MARCIA ASSUNÇÃO ARAÚJO ITINERÂNCIA NO ASHRAM: alimentando corpo e alma na Brahma Kumaris Tese apresentada ao curso de Doutorado em Ciências Sociais do Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de título de Doutora em Sociologia. Aprovada em ___ / ___ / ______. BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Antônio Crístian Saraiva Paiva (orientador) Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) _______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Henrique Figueiredo Carneiro Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR) _______________________________________________________ Prof.ª. Drª. Irlys Alencar Firmo Barreira Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) _______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ismael de Andrade Pordeus Junior Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) _______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ricardo Lincoln Laranjeira Barrocas Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Aos meus filhos, Lynx e Leo, estrelas-guia. A Baba, Alma Suprema. AGRADECIMENTOS Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da UFC. Ao Prof. Antônio Crístian Saraiva Paiva, orientador desta tese. Ao Aimberê e Socorro pela prestatividade nas tarefas administrativas. Ao Centre de Recherche sur le Brésil Contemporain / École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales – Paris. À CAPES, pelo apoio financeiro. Aos amigos que me acompanharam nesta jornada. Aos brahmins. “Não existe dietética inocente. Ela informa sobre a vontade de ser e de se tornar, sobre as categorias arquetípicas de uma vida, de um pensamento, de um sistema, de uma obra”. (Michel Onfray) “Se nourrir est une conduite qui se développe au-delà de sa propre fin, qui remplace, résume ou signale d’autres conduites, et c’est en cela qu’elle est bien un signe.” (Roland Barthes) “Les nourritures savoureuses, sirupeuses, digestes et d’un aspect agréable, plaisent aux lumineux parce qu’elles procurent longévité, rayonnement, vigueur, santé, bonheur et joie.” (Livre XVII de la Bhagavad Gita, verset: 17.8) «Pour le corps, s’en tenir aux simples besoins. Quant aux choses qui ont rapport au corps, prends-les dans les limites du simple besoin de celui-ci, tel que nourritures, boisson, vêtement, maison, domesticité. Retranche tout ce qui a trait à l’ostentation ou au luxe.» (Manuel d’Epictète, 33.7) RESUMO O presente estudo investigou as percepções cognitivas e simbólicas de indivíduos que adotam práticas alimentares vegetarianas por motivações religiosas, na cidade de Fortaleza, pertencentes a uma linha de yoga no âmbito dos novos movimentos religiosos. Este estudo teve como cenário a Universidade Espiritual Mundial Brahma Kumaris – BKWSU, na referida cidade, entre os anos de 2007 e 2011, e utilizou como recursos metodológicos a observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com alunos e professores deste movimento espiritual de cariz neo-hindu. Inicialmente, interessava compreender as representações e as práticas relacionadas com a alimentação, mas ao longo da pesquisa ficou evidente a existência de uma confluência semântica entre o sentimento religioso e alimentação, ambos concorrendo para a construção de um regime de vida brahmin. Assim, o alimento tem seu sentido alargado e é tomado aqui como signo/metáfora para se pensar a relação corpo e alma sugerida pelo código de condutas – maryadas – deste movimento espiritual. As formas de pensar, sentir e ver o mundo dos participantes deste grupo são expressão de uma pertença coletiva que é, ao mesmo tempo, subjetivada e ressignificada em termos do processo de aperfeiçoamento de si e de sacralização do mundo. Palavras-Chave: Alimentação Vegetariana. Novos Movimentos Religiosos. Neo- hinduísmo. Corpo / Alma. ABSTRACT The present study inquires into cognitive and symbolic perceptions of individuals from the town of Fortaleza who adopt a vegetarian diet for religious motivations. They belong to a yoga line, in scope of the new religious movements. This study took place in the Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University – BKWSU, in the aforementioned city, between the years 2007 and 2011, and used as methodological tools participant observation and semi-structured interviews with students and professors of this spiritual movement with a neo-hindu face. Initial interest was to understand food- related representations and practices, but as the research went on, the existence of a semantic confluence between religious sentiment and food became evident, both converging to the construction of a brahmin life regimen. So, food has its meaning widened and is considered here as a sign/metaphor to think the body and soul relationship, suggested by the behavior code – maryadas – of this spiritual movement. For the participants of this group, forms of thinking, feeling and seeing the world are the expression of a collective belonging, which is, at the same time, subjectified and resignified in terms of the self-improvement process and sacralisation of the world. Keywords: Vegetarian food. New religious movements. Neo-Hinduism. Body / soul. RÉSUMÉ La présente étude enquête sur les perceptions cognitives et symboliques de personnes de la ville de Fortaleza, qui adoptent des pratiques alimentaires végétariennes pour des motivations religieuses. Elles appartiennent à une ligne de yoga, elle-même dans le champ des nouveaux mouvements religieux. Cette étude a eu comme cadre l’Université Spirituelle Mondiale Brahma Kumaris – BKWSU, dans ladite ville, entre les années 2007 et 2011, et a utilisé comme moyens méthodologiques l’observation participante et des entretiens semi-structurés avec des élèves et des professeurs de ce mouvement spirituel à visage néo-hindou. L’intérêt initial était de comprendre les représentations et les pratiques en relation avec l’alimentation, mais au fur et à mesure de la recherche, s’est révélée évidente l’existence d’une confluence sémantique entre sentiment religieux et alimentation, tous deux concourant à la construction d’un régime de vie brahmin. Ainsi, l’aliment a son sens élargi et est pris ici comme signe / métaphore pour penser la relation corps et âme suggérée par le code de conduite – maryadas – de ce mouvement spirituel. Chez les participants de ce groupe, les formes de penser, sentir et voir le monde, sont l’expression d’une appartenance collective, qui, dans le même temps, subjectivise et re-signifie, en termes de processus de perfectionnement de soi et de sacralisation du monde. Mots-clés: Alimentation végétarienne. Nouveaux mouvements religieux. Néo- hindouisme. Corps / âme. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Imagem 1 – Fachada da BK em Fortaleza ................................................................ 31 Imagem 2 – Bhatthi ................................................................................................... 36 Imagem 3 – Bapdada ................................................................................................ 46 Imagem 4 – Centro BK em São Paulo ...................................................................... 66 Imagem 5 – Kalpa: a árvore da humanidade............................................................. 74 Imagem 6 – Brahmins no facebook ........................................................................... 75 Imagem 7 – Programa de Atividades ........................................................................ 77 Imagem 8 – Sala de Baba ......................................................................................... 82 Imagem 9 – Almoço coletivo ..................................................................................... 82 Imagem 10 – Transmissão direta de Murlis da Estação ............................................ 83 Imagem 11 – O Dharma ............................................................................................ 92 Imagem 12 – O Ciclo ................................................................................................. 93 Imagem 13 – A Idade do Ouro (Satyuga) .................................................................. 93 Imagem 14 – Maryadas ........................................................................................... 115 Imagem 15 – Shivbaba
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