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Kent Academic Repository Full Text Document (Pdf) Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version El-Sayed, Laila Hashem Abdel-Rahman (2016) Discourses on Emotions: Communities, Styles, and Selves in Early Modern Mediterranean Travel Books Three Case Studies. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent, Freie Universität Berlin. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56635/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html University of Kent Freie Universitt Berlin Faculty of Humanities Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften / Department of Philosophy and Humanities (Freie Universitt Berlin) School of English (University of Kent) Text and Event in Early Modern Europe (TEEME) An Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Ph.D. dissertation Discourses on Emotions: Communities, Styles, and Selves in Early Modern Mediterranean Travel Books Three Case Studies Laila Hashem Abdel-Rahman El-Sayed Supervisors: Prof. Donna Landry (University of Kent) Prof. Dr. phil. Sabine Schülting (Freie Universitt Berlin) 2016 1 TEEME: Composition of Doctoral Committee Name of candidate Laila Hashem Abdel-Rahman El-Sayed Degree-awarding universities (and University of Kent faculties, where required) Freie Universitaet Berlin Place of viva University of Kent Required members: Examiner 1 (external to TEEME) Prof. Matthew Dimmock. Professor of Early Modern Studies University of Sussex Examiner 2 (internal to institution Prof. Abdulrazak Gurnah holding viva) Professor of Postcolonial Literatures University of Kent Supervisor 1 Prof. Donna Landry Professor of English and American Literature University of Kent Supervisor 2 (or additional TEEME Prof. Dr. Sabine Schülting staff, if supervisor is one of the Institut für Englische Philologie examiners) Freie Universitt Berlin Additional TEEME staff (from Prof. Dr. Claudia Jarzebowski degree-awarding institution not Geschichte der Frühen Neuzeit/ holding viva) Historische Emotionenforschung Freie Universitt Berlin Additional members for vivas with Berlin participation: Berlin: Non-professorial member of Berlin Dr. Brigitte Rath Faculty who holds a doctorate Institut für Englische Philologie Freie Universitt Berlin 2 Abstract The present study focuses on emotion discourses in early modern travel books. It attempts a close textual, intertextual, and contextual analysis of several embedded narratives on emotions in three late sixteenth- and seventeenth-century travel books: Kitāb Nāṣir al-Dīn ’ala ‛l-Qawm al-Kāfirīn: Mukhtaṣar Riḥlat al-Shihāb ‛ila Liqā« al-Aḥbāb by Andalusian traveller Ahmed bin Qāsim al- Ḥajarī (1570- c.1641), The Diary of Master Thomas Dallam by an English craftsman, Thomas Dallam (1575-1630), and Seyahtnme (The Book of Travels) by Ottoman traveller Evliya elebi (1611-1685). In these travel books, al-Ḥajarī, Dallam, and Evliya narrate their journeys as emotionally protean experiences. They associate emotions with the contexts of their journeys, their volition to travel, and their authorial motives to write about their journeys. They display their emotions in their dreams, humour, and other subjective experiences. Their narratives yield uncommon notions of emotions, namely the emotions of encounter. A love story between a Muslim traveller and a Catholic girl, an English craftsman’s anxiety at the court of an Ottoman Sultan, a disgusting meal in a foreign land, are just a few examples of emotionally freighted situations which are unlikely to be found in any genre but a travel book. The close textual analysis aims to identify the role of the writers’ cultures in shaping and regulating their discourses on emotions. The intertextual and contextual analysis of these narratives reveals that the meaning and function of these displayed emotions revolve around the traveller’s community affiliation, religion, ideology, and other culture-specific discourses and practices such as Sufism, folk medicine, myths, folk traditions, natural and geographical phenomena, cultural scripts, social norms, and power relations. In a nutshell, reading the travellers’ discourses on emotions means reading many cultural and historical aspects of the early modern world. 3 To approach discourses on emotions in texts of the past, the present study draws on the theory of culture-construction of emotions. It uses three analytical notions from the fields of language, anthropology and history of emotions: ‘emotional communities’, ‘emotional styles’ and ‘emotional self-fashioning’. The present study uses a theoretical framework defined by a recent wave of studies on self-narratives as sources for the history and cultural diversity of emotions in the medieval and early modern periods. Within this approach, travel writing is seen as a self-narrative, a communicative act, and a social practice. This approach to emotion discourses in Rihla, travel journals and Seyahat genres allows us to project the transcultural and entangled history of the early modern Mediterranean, which as much it was a contested frontier between Islam and Christianity, was also a space of religious conversion and hybrid identities, the articulation of diplomacy and cultural exchange, mysticism and religious pluralism. This approach also pinpoints the diverse forms of cosmopolitanism, or rather cosmopolitanisms, in the plural. 4 Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Diskurs über Emotionen in frühneuzeitlichen Reiseberichten. Sie unternimmt eine textnahe, intertextuelle und kontextuelle Analyse unterschiedlicher Erzhlungen über Emotionen in drei Reiseberichten aus dem spten 16. und frühen 17. Jahrhundert: Kitāb Nāṣir al-Dīn ’ala ‛l-Qawm al-Kāfirīn: Mukhtaṣar Riḥlat al-Shihāb ‛ila Liqā« al-Aḥbāb des andalusischen Reisenden Ahmed bin Qāsim al-Ḥajarī (1570- c.1641), The Diary of Master Thomas Dallam des englischen Handwerkers Thomas Dallam (1575-1630) und Seyahtnme (Das Buch der Reisen) des osmanischen Reisenden Evliya elebi (1611-1685). In diesen Reisberichten schildern al-Ḥajarī, Dallam und elebi ihre Fahrten als emotional vielschichtige Erfahrungen. Emotionen stehen hier in einem Zusammenhang mit den Kontexten ihrer Reisen, ihrer Motivation des Reisens und den Gründen der Autoren, über ihre Reisen zu schreiben. Sie zeigen ihre Emotionen in Trumen, Humor und anderen subjektiven Erfahrungen. Ihre Texte bieten so Einblick in ungewhnliche Auffassungen von Emotionen, nmlich in Emotionen der Begegnung. Die Liebesgeschichte zwischen einem muslimischen Reisenden und einem katholischen Mdchen, die Angst eines englischen Handwerkers am Hof des osmanischen Sultans oder eine ekelerregende Speise im fremden Land sind nur einige Beispiele emotional aufgeladener Situationen, die man schwerlich in einer anderen Textgattung als der des Reiseberichts findet. Die genaue Textanalyse zielt darauf ab, die Rolle herauszuarbeiten, die der kulturelle Hintergrund der Autoren bei der Formung und Regulierung ihrer Diskurse über Emotionen spielt. Eine genaue Textanalyse dieser Erzhlungen zeigt, dass die Bedeutung und Funktion der dargestellten Emotionen stark geprgt ist von der Zugehrigkeit der Reisenden zu einer Gemeinschaft, Religion, Ideologie und anderer kulturspezifischer Diskurse und Praktiken, wie Sufismus, Volksmedizin, 5 Mythen, Volkstraditionen, natürliche und geographische Phnomene, kulturelle Skripts, soziale Normen und Machtbeziehungen. Kurz gesagt, in den Diskursen der Reisenden über Emotionen offenbaren sich viele kulturelle und historische Aspekte der frühneuzeitlichen Welt. Um die Diskurse über Emotionen in den historischen Texten herauszuarbeiten, stützt sich die vorliegende Studie auf die Theorie der kulturellen Konstruktion von Emotionen. Sie verwendet dabei drei analytische Begriffe aus den Bereichen der Sprache, Anthropologie und Geschichte der Emotionen, nmlich âemotionale Gemeinschaften‘, ‚emotionale Stile‘ und ‚emotionale Selbstinszenierung‘. Die vorliegende Studie bedient sich dabei eines theoretischen Rahmens, wie er vom jüngst einsetzenden Forschungsboom zu Selbst-Narrativen und Ego-Dokumenten als Quellen der Geschichte und kulturellen Vielfalt von Emotionen im Mittelalter und der frühen Neuzeit herausgearbeitet wurde. Nach dieser Herangehensweise ist ein Reisebericht ein Selbst-Narrativ, ein kommunikativer Akt und eine soziale Praktik. Diese Herangehensweise an die Diskurse der Emotion in den Gattungen von Rihla, Reisetagebüchern und Seyahat stellt die dichotomischen Herangehensweisen in Frage, die die akademische Wahrnehmung von Reisebüchern aus dem spten 16. und 17. Jahrhundert dominiert hat. Sie hinterfragt den Ansatz, die Glaubwürdigkeit der Reisenden feststellen und den Reisebericht in Form einer positivistischen, gattungsbezogenen Befragung entweder als Fakt oder Fiktion einstufen zu wollen. Sie wendet
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