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The Relations Between Community and Place

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The Relations Between Community and Place The relations between community and place A CASE STUDY OF THE WEISSENSEE CEMETERY Tosca Sombroek BACHELOR THESIS HUMAN GEOGRAPHY & URBAN PLANNING | STUDENT NO.: 10545905 | SUPERVISOR: ROBERT KLOOSTERMAN | SECOND READER: JAAP ROTHUIZEN | UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM | 12649 WORDS Table of contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Introducing the subject ................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Background of the research .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Social relevance ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Academic relevance....................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Main goal of the research ............................................................................................................. 4 1.6 Research question ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Readers manual for the thesis ....................................................................................................... 5 2. Literature and theoretical framework ............................................................................................. 6 2.1 Concepts ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1.1 Preservation and maintenance of cemeteries ....................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Geographical functions of cemeteries ................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Historical context .................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Theories ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Lieux de mémoire ................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Place attachment and place identity ...................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Secularization in modern society ........................................................................................... 8 2.3 Conceptual model ......................................................................................................................... 8 3. Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Dividing research question in sub-questions. ............................................................................... 9 3.2 Research design ............................................................................................................................. 9 3.3 Methods of data collection ......................................................................................................... 10 3.3.1 Documents ........................................................................................................................... 10 3.3.2 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.3.3 Observations ......................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 Methods of analysis ..................................................................................................................... 11 4. Historical aspects of the Weissensee cemetery ............................................................................ 13 4.1 Pre-World War II circumstances .................................................................................................. 13 4.1.1 Societal changes ................................................................................................................... 13 4.1.2 Physical changes ................................................................................................................... 14 4.2 Circumstances during World War II ............................................................................................ 14 4.2.1 Societal effects ..................................................................................................................... 15 4.2.2 Physical effects ..................................................................................................................... 16 1 4.3 Post-World War II circumstances ................................................................................................ 17 4.3.1 Societal changes ................................................................................................................... 17 4.3.2 Physical changes ................................................................................................................... 18 4.3.3 Changes under the East- and West-Berlin division .............................................................. 18 4.4 Overview and findings ................................................................................................................. 19 5. Organizational structures of the Weissensee cemetery ............................................................... 21 5.2 Changes after the Cold War ........................................................................................................ 21 5.3 Contemporary efforts .................................................................................................................. 22 5.4 Critiques....................................................................................................................................... 24 5.5 Overview and findings ................................................................................................................. 25 6. Academic efforts for the reputation of the Weissensee cemetery............................................... 27 6.1 UNESCO World Heritage.............................................................................................................. 27 6.2 Inventory project ......................................................................................................................... 27 6.3 New strategies ............................................................................................................................. 29 6.4 Overview and findings ................................................................................................................. 29 7. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 31 7.1 Answer to the main research question ....................................................................................... 31 7.2 The relations between community and place ............................................................................. 31 7.3 Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 31 7.4 Recommendation ........................................................................................................................ 32 References ............................................................................................................................................. 33 Appendix 1. Log workweek Berlin ......................................................................................................... 35 Appendix 2. Transcript interview Gesine Sturm (LDA) .......................................................................... 36 Appendix 3. Transcript interview dr. Ewald Engler (Leibniz institute for Research on Society and Space) .................................................................................................................................................... 46 Appendix 4. Stability map ground plan Weissensee cemetery ............................................................. 51 2 1. Introduction 1.1 Introducing the subject The Weissensee Jewish Cemetery in Berlin was once a thriving site where members of the Jewish community gathered to lay their relatives to rest, according to Jewish burial traditions. As each religion, Judaism is characterized by its historical path, which impacts how the Jewish religion and culture is desired to be preserved. The preservation of Jewish heritage is hereby strongly influenced by recent history, as many Jews were murdered by the Nazi regime in the Holocaust during World War II. After World War II, Jewish communities increasingly gathered and organized to recover from these disastrous events, by actively holding on to the Jewish identity (Shain & Barth, 2003). These organizations are characterized by their international structures, since many Jews left their residence in the Nazi-regime during and after the war. In Berlin, before, during, and after World War II, the Jewish Community living there, suffered great losses with many members of the Jewish Community being murdered, forced to go
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