Higher Higher Education in Regional and City Development Education Higher Education in Regional and City Berlin, Germany Development in Berlin is a creative city attracting talent from around the world. The Berlin Senate has Regional Berlin, Germany made great strides in developing innovation as a pillar of its economy. But challenges remain: there is long-term unemployment, a low absorptive capacity in small and medium-sized enterprises and a large migrant population that lags behind in educational and and labour market outcomes. City How can Berlin’s higher education institutions capitalise on their long tradition of Development professionally relevant learning and research to transform social, economic and environmental challenges into assets and opportunities? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions´ regional and local orientation? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to Berlin, Germany mobilise higher education for Berlin’s development. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them. The full text of this book is available on line via this link: www.sourceoecd.org/education/97892640898467 Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: www.sourceoecd.org/97892640898467 SourceOECD is the OECD’s online library of books, periodicals and statistical databases. For more information about this award-winning service and free trials, ask your librarian, or write to us at [email protected]. 89 2010 05 1 E www.oecd.org/publishing Higher Education in Regional and City Development Berlin, Germany 2010 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where governments work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. ISBN 97-89264089846-7 (PDF) Cover design © Francisco Esquer Mares. Cover photo © Berlin Partner GmbH/FTB-Werbefotografie Corrigenda publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2010 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’ exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWARD – 3 Foreword Universities and other higher education institutions can play a key role in human capital development and innovation systems in their cities and regions. Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development are the OECD’s vehicle to mobilise higher education for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts local and regional development and assist in improving this impact. They examine the higher education institutions’ contribution to human capital and skills development; technology transfer and business innovation; social, cultural and environmental development; and regional capacity building. The review process facilitates partnership building in regions by drawing together higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and work together towards them. To know more about the OECD review process and requirements, visit Higher Education and Regions’ website at www.oecd.org/edu/imhe/regionaldevelopment. These reviews are part of a wider multi-year work of higher education in cities and regions co-ordinated by the OECD Programme on Institutional Management of Higher Education (IMHE). In 2004-07, the OECD/IMHE conducted an extensive study with 14 regional reviews across 12 countries. This resulted in the OECD flagship publication Higher Education and Regions: Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged (OECD, 2007) with recommendations to benefit both higher education institutions and national and regional governments. In 2008, the OECD/IMHE launched a second series of OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development to address the demand by national, regional and local governments for more responsive and active higher education institutions. As a result, 14 regions in 8 OECD countries and 3 non-member economies underwent the OECD review process in 2008-10. The reviews were carried out by the OECD/IMHE in collaboration with international organisations and associations and other OECD programmes and directorates. This work also supports the OECD Innovation Strategy and OECD Green Growth Strategy. HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT: BERLIN, GERMANY – © OECD 2010 This OECD review of Berlin is part of the second round of OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. It was also the first of its kind conducted in Germany. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 Acknowledgements Numerous local stakeholders and representatives of higher education institutions provided valuable insights during the review visit and in the form of comments. The OECD would like to thank in particular local counterparts for this review: Senator Jürgen E. Zöllner, Ms Bering and Hans-Gerhard Husung from the State Ministry for Education, Science and Research and Senator Harald Wolf and David Weissert from the State Ministry for Economics, Technology and Women, as well as local co- ordination within the Social Science Research Centre WZB (Das Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung), particularly Jutta Allmendinger, Ulrich Schreiterer and Lena Ulbricht. This publication draws on interviews carried out during a week-long review visit from 13 to 18 September 2009, on the findings of the Berlin Self-evaluation Report and using additional information provided to the review team. The report is based on data published up to and including 2009. The Review Team was also able to rely on the recent work of the OECD Local Economic and Employment Programme (LEED) on university entrepreneurship in Eastern Germany. The review was conducted under special circumstances, as two of the major research intensive universities did not participate in the review process. This led to gaps in information and data for which the Peer Review Team has tried to compensate during and after the review visit. Despite these shortcomings the Peer Review Team hopes that the outcomes of the review will reflect the situation in Berlin. This publication was co-ordinated by Jaana Puukka (OECD Progamme on Institutional Management in Higher Education, IMHE). Peer reviewers from the France, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom participated in the review process: Björn Asheim (CIRCLE, Lund University, Sweden), John Goddard (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK), Ulrich Teichler (University of Kassel, Germany) and Philip Wade, consultant on regional policy and former OECD staff (details about the Review Team can be found in Annex 1 of this report.) Technical support was provided by Ernesto Flores. Rachel Linden supervised the publication process and Fionnuala Canning and Austin Delaney provided invaluable assistance in the editing phase. HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT: BERLIN, GERMANY – © OECD 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 7 Table of contents List of acronyms ................................................................................................ 11 Assessment and recommendations .................................................................... 14 Chapter 1: Berlin and its higher education institutions