Management of Wastes and Wastewater at High-Mountain Sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks

Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Growth Project (BCEG)

Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks

Submitted by: National Trust Eco Fund in collaboration with the National Nature Protection Service, MoEW, the National Park Directorates Rila and Central Balkan and Bulgarian Tourism Union

Bulgaria Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Growth Project is a collaborative initiative between the United States Agency for International Development and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria implemented by Associates in Rural Development, Inc. Project Number LAG-I-00-99-00013-00

2003 Sofia 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

CONTENTS

CONTENTS ...... i Preface...... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... 1 1. INTRODUCTION...... 5 Background and project summary...... 5 2. COMPLETED ACTIVITIES ...... 7 Establishing of a working group ...... 7 Cross-checking (reconciliation) of available information...... 7 Preparation of information cards...... 8 Data Collection and Filling in of the Information Cards...... 10 3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS...... 11 3.1 Site ownership...... 11 Distribution of sites by type of property...... 11 3.2 Access to sites...... 11 Distribution of sites by type of access ...... 12 3.3 Power supply ...... 12 3.4 Heating...... 12 3.5 Number of personnel, accommodation capacity, number of visitors, seasonal operation...... 12 3.6 Water supply and sanitation facilities...... 13 Sanitary facilities...... 13 3.7 Wastewater...... 14 3.8 Solid domestic wastes...... 14 4. DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE FOR EVALUATION OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND STATUS OF SITES...... 17 4.1. Site ranking...... 18 5. PROPOSED TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR WASTES AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AT SELECTED SITES ...... 21 5.1. Wastewater treatment ...... 21 5.2. Treatment of solid domestic wastes...... 22 6. INVESTMENT PROPOSAL ...... 23 6.1. Organizational and institutional issues ...... 23 6.2. Cost-estimate for the implementation of the proposed projects...... 24 7. GUIDELINES FOR WASTE AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AT HIGH- MOUNTAIN SITES ...... 25 General notes...... 25 Goal of the Recommended Guidelines...... 25 Legal framework ...... 25 Limitations...... 25 Specific features of the location...... 25 Elevation above sea level ...... 26 Site accessibility...... 26 Energy supply...... 26 Operational period...... 26 Availability of existing facilities ...... 27 Quantity of Wastewater...... 27 Organic load ...... 27

Management of Wastes and Wastewater i at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Quantity of solid domestic wastes...... 27 7.1. Guidelines for wastewater treatment...... 27 General recommendations...... 28 Mechanical treatment of water...... 29 Biological treatment of waters ...... 30 Processing of sludge resulting from wastewater treatment...... 31 Sludge Stabilization ...... 32 7.2. Guidelines for treatment of solid domestic wastes...... 33

ii Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: List of sites

Appendix 2: Information card

Appendix 3: Database

Appendix 4: Ranking scale

Appendix 5: Investment Proposal

Appendix 6: Sample of tender documents for consultancy services

Appendix 7: Sample of tender documents for construction of wastewater treatment plant

Management of Wastes and Wastewater iii at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks

2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project Preface

The Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Growth (BCEG) Project is funded by the United States Agency for International Development, (USAID), as part of its strategic support to the Republic of Bulgaria. The Project is sponsored by USAID in conjunction with the Government of Bulgaria – the Ministry of Environment and Waters (MOEW). The Project is governed by a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the two governments, and its implementation covers the period: May 2000 – June 2003.

This Project is a logical evolution of earlier USAID assistance to biodiversity conservation in the country. It follows some 10 years of assessment, technical assistance and financing of Bulgaria’s biodiversity conservation strategic development, new protected areas legislation, and new national park institutions. The Project is designed to capitalize on the achievements of the Bulgaria Global Environmental Facility (GEF) Biodiversity Project (implemented during the period June 1995-April 2000), and builds on lessons learned.

The BCEG Project addresses six specific contract themes known as “contract result packages”. The BCEG Project includes the finalization and implementation of two national park management plans, the development of a new management plan for Rila Monastery Nature Park. It assists in the development of financial mechanisms and strategies to ensure the solvency of national parks. The Project pilots economic growth activities with select target groups around two Bulgarian national parks. And it continues to build on the principles of strong public information and awareness as stepping stones for informed public engagement and promotion of biodiversity conservation and protected area management activities.

This Project is issued as a Task Order (Contract Number LAG-I-00-99-00013-00) under the USAID Global Biodiversity and Forestry Indefinite Quantities Contract (IQC); and is implemented on behalf of USAID by Associates in Rural Development, (ARD) Inc., of Burlington, Vermont, USA.

The Project is implemented through a Project Management Unit (PMU) based in Sofia, and includes a Team Leader, three Bulgarian technical specialists, and support staff. Project activities are coordinated through two mechanisms –

(a) Project Counterpart Team – PMU staff and MOEW/NNPS counterparts (b) Project Coordination Group – that serves as a steering committee for Project planning and monitors implementation. This consists of the National Nature Protection Service of the MOEW, and national park directors, the PMU and USAID.

The Project is largely implemented through the Directorates for Rila and Central Balkan National Parks. Additional technical assistance is provided by Bulgarian and international consultants, and is based on specific terms of reference.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater v at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks

2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Rila and Central Balkan National Parks are managed by the Ministry of Environment and Water through the directorates of both parks, in strict compliance with the Law on Protected Areas, the Bern Convention, the Biodiversity Convention and the Management Plans of the Parks.

There are many tourist routes in the territory of Rila NP and Central Balkan NP, providing access to the nature riches of the parks, and also many mountain sites – chalets, asylums, recreation premise etc., allowing for recreation and tourism. Many of those sites are located within areas of valuable and delicate high-mountain eco-systems and in the immediate vicinity of water-catchments. The specific location of these sites in Protected Areas and the unfeasibility to develop road infrastructure in all parts of the Parks, makes it difficult to service them and causes common environmental problems related to management of solid wastes for most of them which is a threat not only to the conservation of high-mountain bio-diversity, but also to prevention of pollution of surface and ground waters in the river basin water catchments.

The problem related to management of solid domestic wastes and wastewater from mountain sites in the territory of Rila NP and Central Balkan NP has been stated in the Management Plans of both parks. The current management model of these sites is obsolete and does not comply with the overall processes in the country and the contemporary models for protected areas management. In their search for alternatives allowing the application of particular measures to solve the problems, Park Directorates asked for assistance under the ‘Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Growth Project’ (BCEG) to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), to carry out a feasibility study and prepare a design for wastes and wastewater management in both national parks.

The results, findings and recommendations ensuing from the Feasibility Study can be summarized as follows:

1. Priority sites where management of wastes and wastewater issues require urgent solution.

Priority sites have been selected considering not only site ranking and assessment of the existing environmental problems, but also the views expressed by representatives of the Park Directorates, as well as the impressions from site visits. The following sites have been selected as priority:

¾ Rila NP:

− Maliovitsa chalet

− Musala chalet

− Rilski ezera chalet

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 1 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

¾ Central Balkan NP:

− Rai chalet

− Pleven chalet including the following facilities located in the immediate vicinity:

9 Training base Severen Dzhendem

9 Mountain Rescue Service base “Buzov dial”

9 Dairy farm “Buzov dial”

We suggest that a common technical solution be applied to the selected priority sites due to the similar conditions, the possibility to supply uniform equipment, which would facilitate future maintenance and identical operation and maintenance activities at all chalets. Generally, the differences among chalets consist in the various volumes of individual technologically linked facilities and the capacity of the operated equipment according to the quantity of wastewater to be treated, or the average daily and average annual number of population equivalent.

2. Proposed engineering solutions for treatment of wastewater and solid domestic wastes.

2.1. Wastewater treatment.

Our proposal is to construct compact treatment plants comprising the following technological elements:

- Mechanical wastewater treatment and separation of retained wastes for joint subsequent treatment with solid domestic wastes from chalets;

- Biological wastewater treatment by means of activated sludge and sludge stabilization;

- Secondary settling;

- Decontamination (if required);

- Dewatering and accumulation of stabilized excessive sludge.

2.2. Solid domestic wastes treatment.

Our proposal for treatment of solid domestic wastes is to continue the currently established practice for separate waste collection at chalets, while improving the technical conditions for that. It is necessary to provide appropriate storage premises for collected wastes.

We would also recommend the following treatment for solid domestic wastes:

- All biological wastes shall be collected separately and treated by composting in the chalets’ premises, for which the relevant guidelines will be prepared;

2 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

- Combustible wastes (excluding wastes emitting toxic substances in ambient air while burnt) shall be collected separately and used as fuel in the heating installations at chalets;

- All other wastes, especially the voluminous ones, (tins, beverage containers, packs, synthetic bags etc.) shall be collected separately and reducing mechanically their volume to minimum by pressing (compaction). Glass refuse shall be collected separately and transported beyond the park territories;

- Construction wastes resulting from repair and rehabilitation works shall be collected separately and transported beyond the park territories.

All wastes shall be removed from park territories and shall be disposed of at the relevant municipal landfills for domestic wastes. To that end, the Park Directorates shall sign contracts or acquire disposal permits from the respective municipal administration.

We propose to focus on the following pilot sites in view of solving the issue related to solid domestic wastes:

¾ Rila NP:

− ‘Rilski ezera’ chalet

¾ Central Balkan NP:

− ‘Rai’ chalet

3. Steps to be taken toward the practical implementation of the proposed priority projects.

Proposed steps for solution of issues related to wastewater and solid wastes treatment:

• Bidding procedure for selection of a Consultant (Designer) for preparation of technological (engineering) proposal and a detailed design for the priority sites, including preliminary BoQs and proposed technological equipment;

• Bidding procedure for selection of Contractors and Suppliers of equipment.

The volume and contents of the draft bidding documents have been enclosed with the Study.

4. Roles to be played by the individual institutions in the course of the activities proposed in the Study.

4.1. National parks.

National parks shall coordinate and control the implementation of all activities in view of the issues related with wastewater and solid wastes treatment in the parks. They shall keep the collected information specified in the Study and shall regularly update it. NPs shall coordinate the projects and shall provide to the companies performing consulting services the requested information.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 3 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

4.2. Ministry of Environment and Water (MOEW).

MoEW, represented by the National Nature Protection Service (NNPS), shall keep the information specified in the Study. NNPS shall monitor the compliance of implemented projects with the Management plans of National Parks. NNPS shall prepare a regulation containing binding guidelines and recommendations to be followed by site owners related to solution of NP environmental issues, defined in the Study.

4.3. Bulgarian Tourist Union (BTU).

The Bulgarian Tourist Union shall make available the entire technical and administrative data needed for preparation of designs. BTU shall also make available the recommendations made in the Study in view of the sites run by it, while the owners, tenants etc. persons shall be obliged to observe them.

4.4. National Trust Eco-fund (NTEF).

NTEF shall monitor the procedures for selection of Consultants and Contractors of the proposed projects, as well as the compliance of project implementation with the rules and procedures of the fund. NTEF may participate as a co-financing institution in the investment part of the projects.

4 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

1. INTRODUCTION

Background and project summary

There are many tourist routes in the territory of Rila NP and Central Balkan NP, providing access to the nature riches of the parks, and also many mountain sites – chalets, asylums, recreation premise etc., allowing for recreation and tourism. The Bulgarian Tourist Union (BTU) manages the major part of these sites and the management is run by local union branches. Some of these sites have been leased to other state and private entities. A list of the sites existing in both parks is enclosed with this paper (Appendix №1).

Many of those sites are located within areas of valuable and delicate high-mountain eco- systems and in the immediate vicinity of water-catchments. The specific location of these sites in Protected Areas and the unfeasibility to develop road infrastructure in all parts of the Parks, makes it difficult to service them and causes common environmental problems related to management of solid wastes for most of them which is a threat not only to the conservation of high-mountain bio-diversity, but also to prevention of pollution of surface and ground waters in the river basin water catchments.

Due to shortage of funds it is impossible to adequately maintain and renew the physical facilities that were built many years ago. The operation of many sites is highly dependant on the revenue from the provided services. The possibilities for providing a higher class services, including more comfortable accommodation, greater food variety, sports and recreation sites, are quite limited. The investment funds allowing for application of environmentally friendly technological solutions in waste and wastewater management are insufficient.

The National Trust Eco Fund (NTEF) is financing and managing investment projects aiming to protect bio-diversity through construction of new or rehabilitation and modernization of existing equipment for wastes and wastewater treatment. The United

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 5 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

States Agency for International Development, under the BCEG project turned to NTEF with the proposal to take over the implementation of the following activities: 1. To establish a working group of experts comprising the park directorates, a representative of the Bulgarian Tourist Union and experts on wastes and waste water from the Ministry of Environment and Water. 2. To develop an implementation plan and a detailed cost estimate. 3. To review and assess the status of the sites in both parks, including the existing facilities for collection and treatment of wastewater and domestic wastes, and to fill in a detailed information card for each individual facility. 4. To analyze in detail the collected data and identify major problems related to management of wastes and wastewater and of the major environmental problems where identified. 5. To develop a system for evaluation of the existing infrastructure at each of the sites in both parks. 6. To select and apply criteria for site ranking according to the degree of urgency to solve problems through investments in technologies for wastes and waste water management. 7. To prepare a proposal for implementation of adequate technological solutions for wastes and wastewater management in high-mountain eco-systems. 8. To develop an investment proposal for priority mountain sites, for the implementation of a pilot phase of an overall project for wastes and wastewater management in both national parks. 9. To develop general technical, organizational and operational guidelines based on the experience in management of wastes and wastewater from mountain sites.

This Project Implementation Study contains detailed information on the implementation of each activity according to the Project Implementation Schedule.

6 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

2. COMPLETED ACTIVITIES

Establishing of a working group

For the purposes of implementation of planned activities, a working group was established comprising experts of NTEF, the Directorates of both parks, the Bulgarian Tourist Union (BTU) and the Ministry of Environment and Water (MOEW), as follows: ¾ From NTEF: − Radoslav Ivanov – Project Manager; Chief technical expert to the NTEF Executive Bureau ; − Ivaylo Tsekov– Expert in financial analysis and accounting to the NTEF Executive Bureau; − Maria Raleva – Expert in eco-technological projects to the NTEF Executive Bureau. ¾ From Central Balkan NP: − Damyan Pamukchiev – Chief Civil Works Expert at Directorate Central Balkan NP; − Nikoloay Golemanov – Junior expert at Directorate Central Balkan NP; − Irena Tsoneva – Junior inspector at Directorate Central Balkan NP. ¾ From Rila NP: − Todor Serezliiski – Expert at Directorate of NP Rila. ¾ From BTU: − Ventsislav Udev – Executive Secretary; − Ivo Trenev – Expert; − Dimiter Stefchev – Expert. ¾ From MOEW: − Mihail Mihailov – State expert to the National Nature Protection Service (NNPS); − Stefan Stefanov – Chief expert at “Wastes” Department to MOEW.

In the project implementation phase five work meetings were held in the NTEF office by the team for discussion and implementation review of completed and forthcoming activities, and one final meeting for discussion and adoption of the final version of this Study. Minutes were taken at all team meetings, and are attached to this Study (Appendix №2).

Cross-checking (reconciliation) of available information

To allow checking of the available information, the representatives of park directorates submitted the management plans of both parks. The Wastes Management Plans included in them contain the mandatory actions for wastes and wastewater management.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 7 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Under the plan, and in conjunction with the heads of facilities and tourist premises in the territory of each park, it has been planned to develop designs for management of solid domestic wastes along tourist routs, management of solid domestic wastes and wastewater jointly with the park sites.

¾ Project: Processing of solid wastes from tourists The project is focused on development of a system for collection of solid domestic wastes at all entry and exit park points and reduction of the number of park facilities for wastes collection. In parallel, the project aims to launch a tourist awareness campaign in relation with their role in solid wastes management. The project includes the implementation of a number of events for cleaning of park areas.

¾ Project: Treatment of solid wastes from chalets and recreation sites The Project is focused on assessment of various categories of sites according to the type and quantity of generated wastes. Different types of waste treatment have been selected for individual site categories. The active participation of chalet owners and managers is foreseen under the Project.

¾ Project: Wastewater treatment and management The Project aims to investigate the existing wastewater management systems and define the specific management actions and technologies in order to solve the problems in that field.

Preparation of information cards

Site questionnaires (information cards) were prepared for collection and comparison of data. The data contained in them is structured thematically and covers all issues related directly or indirectly with the wastes and wastewater management. Information cards contain the following questions: 1. Name of the National park. 2. Name of the park section. 3. Name of management zone (according to the Management Plan). 4. Name of site. 5. Site ownership. 6. Managing body. 7. Site user (if leased to another body different from the managing one). 8. Elevation above sea level. 9. Access to site (possible ways, available transportation and type, etc.). 10. Power supply (source). 11. Heating: 11.1. Heating mode; 11.2. Type of fuel used; 11.3. Quantity of fuel per year. 12. Staff number (permanent and seasonal). 13. Accommodation capacity (number of beds). 14. Accommodation capacity outside of the site (bungalows, tents, camps adjacent to the site):

8 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

14.1. Period of use by season; 14.2. Monthly average number of visitors by season. 15. Visitors’ data : 15.1. Total number (average per year); 15.2. Monthly average number of visitors by season; 15.3. Average number of visitors who stayed more than one night; 15.4. Average number of visitors who stayed one night; 15.5. Average number of visitors who stayed for one day but no night. 16. Period of functioning ( full year /seasonal ). 17. Provided services. 18. Availability of a kitchen providing meals / kitchen capacity/. 19. Sanitation facilities (availability and number of toilets – with or without water supply, type and location, assessment of their condition). 20. Water supply system: 20.1. Type of the water source; 20.2. Measuring of water consumption; 20.3. Diameter of water supply main; 20.4. Number of water catchments; 20.5. Water use permit. 21. Wastes: 21.1. Accumulated quantities of solid wastes 21.2. Solid wastes management: 21.2.1. Staff commitment to waste treatment; 21.2.2. Existing practices (if any) for wastes treatment by the visitors; 21.2.3. Available facilities for wastes collection; 21.2.4. Management of food wastes; 21.2.5. Types and approximate quantities of solid wastes. 22. Wastewater: 22.1. Existing facilities for wastewater treatment (if any); 22.1.1. Capacity of the facility, treatment method; 22.1.2. Cleaning method; 22.1.3. Facility status assessment; 22.1.4. Availability of an external collector /status. 22.2. Availability of a laundry (capacity, approximate quantity of wastewater per month) 22.3. Availability of a boiler unit for heating with liquid of solid fuel (type of fuel, connection between the boiler unit and the wastewater collector, availability of a warehouse for solid fuel, volume of the reservoirs for liquid fuel, number of boilers, boilers’ capacity, past environmental problems that have occurred in the course of boiler operation). 22.4. Water receiver of wastewater / river basin of the water receiver 22.5. Permit for discharge of wastewater. 23. Existing environmental problems (if known).

The information card is enclosed with this Study (Appendix №3)

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 9 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Data Collection and Filling in of the Information Cards

The Information cards were provided to the representatives of the park directorates and to the Bulgarian Tourist Union. Teams of specially briefed experts for data collection and filling in of Information cards onsite were set up by park directorates.

In spite of the too short time allocated for such a task, in the period October 1÷20, 2002, all sites in the territories of Rila NP and Central Balkan NP were visited by representatives of the park directorates who duly filled in the information cards on site, with the assistance of site managers. NTEF representatives visited two sites in each of the Parks and monitored the implementation of the task.

The following difficulties occurred in the course of data collection and filling in of information cards: 1. The managers of the sites did not have enough information on technical issues – water supply system, wastewater. Due to the lack of precise information on some issues for some of the sites, some of the data included in the information cards are approximate. 2. The managers of the sites did not understand well enough the purpose of the survey and tended to distort some of the information, related mainly to the income of the site. The major “controversial” issue in this respect is the annual average number of visitors.

The information cards for all sites – 28 in each of the parks - were filled in and submitted to NTEF within the required timeframe. All data from the cards were duly processed and consolidated in databases from both parks (Appendix №4), which served as a baseline for the work on the next actions under the Project Implementation Schedule.

10 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

On the basis of the data presented in the Information cards for each site in the territory of Rila NP and Central Balkan NP, the following conclusions and summary results may be drawn by components, as laid out in the Information cards.

3.1 Site ownership.

Three categories were established in terms of property: state public /municipal public; state private /municipal private / institutional, and private. The distribution of sites by type of property is presented in the following table:

Distribution of sites by type of property

Name of National Park Rila NP Central Balkan Types of property (number of NP sites) (number of sites) State public /municipal public 18 18 State private /municipal private 54 Institutional Private 5 6 Total number: 28 28

Solution of the environmental problems in national parks shall be perceived as an integral part of the operation of any infrastructure in these parks. We consider that the implementation of the pilot phase of the Project for management of wastes and wastewater with public funds shall focus these funds on sites which are public property. The solution of environmental problems, which are private property, shall be carried out at the expense of the owner.

3.2 Access to sites.

Generally, access to the sites in the park territories is difficult and unconventional. Paths and macadam roads prevail. Only occasionally is there an asphalt road to the chalets. That fact has a dual effect on environmental problems. On the one hand, the assumption is that due to the difficult access fewer wastes will be generated in the regions of the chalets. On the other hand, the absence of a road connection impedes transportation of solid wastes, and sludge from treatment plants and the implementation of construction and installation works.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 11 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Distribution of sites by type of access

Name of National Rila NP Central Balkan Park (number of NP Type of access sites) (number of sites) Asphalt road 5 1 Macadam road 4 5 Tourist path 10 12 Asphalt and/or macadam road + path 9 10 Total number: 28 28

3.3 Power supply

In the course of site visits for data collection, it was established that the power supply of the sites located in the park territories is in a good condition. Most of the sites – 20 in Rila NP and 24 in Central Balkan NP – are electrified. There is available capacity for Power supply of the future treatment facilities (pumps, screens, air-blowers etc.). Consequently, there is no need for expensive technical solutions looking for alternative sources of power or additional works.

3.4 Heating.

Heating at sites in both parks is performed mainly by means of electric or hard fuel heaters. Some bigger sites operate heating installation running with liquid fuel. No environmental problems related to oil spillage or pollution of soils and water were established round the buildings where liquid fuel is used.

3.5 Number of personnel, accommodation capacity, number of visitors, seasonal operation.

The major indicators that influence the solution of problems related to wastewater treatment and domestic wastes are the number of visitors, number of personnel, provided services, seasonal occupation and functioning of chalets and sites. Environmental problems are in direct dependence on these indicators, which play a substantial role in solution of the problem related to water treatment that shall take into account the great fluctuations in visiting frequentness – weekly, seasonal and annual. This factor is critical when decisions are taken to apply different technological schemes, for sizing of facilities, achieving the required treatment effect, quantities and method of sludge treatment etc. Generation of domestic wastes is also directly related to this factor.

The received consolidated results show data on the accommodation capacity of the main buildings and the adjacent bungalows, camping sites etc. In general the data is grouped as follows: - Staff – permanent and seasonal; - Monthly average number of visitors by season; - Average number of visitors per year; - Visitors staying over one night;

12 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

- Visitors staying for a night; - Visitors staying for a day without a night.

Detailed information on the listed parameters is presented in Appendix № 4.

Great fluctuations in visiting frequentness by seasons and days, as well as the considerable differences in that indicator exhibited by individual sites can be observed. The most serious environmental problems are identified at sites where the number of visitors is traditionally high and which have big accommodation capacity. These sites shall be considered with priority when wastewater and solid domestic wastes issues are to be solved. The highest number of visitors to Rila NP, by tradition, are registered in chalets “Musala”, “Skakavitsa”, “Rilski ezera”, “Maliovitsa”, “Granchar”, “Makedonia”. In Central Balkan NP the most frequented chalets are “Dermenka”, “Pleven”, “Rai”, “Mazalat”, “Nezabravka”. The precise data on the number of visitors by season are presented in Appendix № 4, item 15.

Water pollution and generation of solid wastes are affected by the type of provided services (availability of kitchens, canteens, outer camps etc.)– Appendix № 4, item 17.

3.6 Water supply and sanitation facilities.

It was established during the study that the water supply of chalets and buildings in both parks is provided mainly by means of local water catchments, head reservoirs and adjacent water mains. Measuring water consumption might serve as an indirect indicator allowing to estimate the annual quantity of wastewater, but that is not practiced at none of the sites in both parks. At some sites the water supply system is not in a good condition and needs rehabilitation (reservoir expansion, replacement of pipes etc.).

Sanitation facilities vary according to site functions, their capacity, provided services etc., from complete absence of indoor toilets and bathrooms to accommodation facilities with sanitation facilities for each room. The type and condition of the sanitation units relates directly to water consumption and the extent of the environmental problem. The higher the number of sanitary units, availability of baths and hot water, the greater the wastewater quantities and respectively the risks of water pollution. The number and type of sanitary facilities is summarized in the table below:

Distribution of sites by type of sanitary facilities

Name of National Park Rila NP Central Balkan (number of sites) NP Sanitary facilities (number of sites) Individual sanitation facilities in each room 2 2 non water supplied toilets, no bathrooms 12 5 Water supplied indoors and non water supplied 14 21 outdoors common toilets, common bathrooms Total number: 28 28

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 13 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Individual sanitation facilities in each room are available at “Gorna Zemya” hotel and “Rilski ezera” chalet in Rila NP and “Kordela” Forest home and the bungalows of “Comfort 2000” in Central Balkan NP. There are no water-supplied toilets and baths at chalets “Chakalitsa”, “Musala”, “Chakar voivoda”, “Vada”, “Lovna” and “Sedemte ezera” and mountain shelters in Rila NP and in chalets “Benkovski”, “Haidushka pesen”, “Ravnets”, “Triglav” and in mountain shelter “Orlovo gnezdo” in Central Balkan NP. The most typical case is a combination of common water supplied indoors toilets and bathrooms and common outdoors toilets, which are either water supplied, or not. Detailed data on these indicator are presented in Appendix № 4, item 19.

It was established that at bigger sites there are laundries serving the accommodation facilities. In Rila NP, laundries are available at 7 sites: “Gorna Zemya” hotel, recreation site “Zeleni preslap” and chalets “Otovitsa”, “Skakavitsa”, “Sedemte ezera”, “Maliovitsa” and “Rilski ezera”. Laundries are available at eight sites in Central Balkan NP: chalets “Dermenka”, “Ambaritsa”, “Hubavets”, “Balkanski rozi”, “Vasil Levski”, “Pleven”, the bungalows of “Comfort 2000” company – town of Sopot and the base of BTC at mount Botev. Wastewater from laundries shall also be treated at the newly designed facilities.

3.7 Wastewater.

All sites feature similar problems related to the condition of the wastewater system and wastewater treatment. The following is a summary of the current situation: - practically modern mechanical and biological wastewater treatment is nonexistent, which causes an environmental problem, namely pollution of water intakes in parks. Through the water intakes in parks pollution is spread throughout the parks and beyond, thus creating a health risk for the population; - some of the constructed septic tanks (Appendix № 4, item 22.1), are located relatively close to the buildings. The tanks are full and in practice the water goes transit through them. Since access to sites is difficult, septic tanks are not cleaned and their treatment effect is negligible; - the collectors constructed at most sites are in a relatively good condition. At some chalets, collectors should undergo preventive repairs to remove existing leakages. The collectors that are in a poor condition and need repair are those at chalets “Dobarsko”, “Granchar”, “Lovna”, “Ivan Vazov” and “Maliovitsa” in Rila NP and chalets “Momina polyana”, “Benkovski”, “Vezhen”, “Nezabravka”, “Tazha”, “Rai” (in a critical condition) and “Triglav” in Central Balkan NP. - grease traps for kitchen wastewater do not exist, since the internal wastewater collectors have been designed as common ones, and the kitchen blocks are not separated and do not have individual collector branches; - at all considered chalets there is sufficient area around the septic tanks and treatment facilities and there is no need to cut trees or destroy any other plants;

3.8 Solid domestic wastes.

Solid domestic wastes that are generated at chalets can generally be classified as biological (from food preparation, sludge from treatment facilities etc.), combustible i.e. used as fuel (paper, packing etc.) and non-inflammable (packing, plastic and glass bottles, tins etc.).

14 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Due to the remote location of chalets, the lack of transportation connections, and the unscrupulous behavior of some visitors, the major problem continuous to be the treatment and transportation of great quantities of wastes outside the territory of both parks.

In the course of the study it was established that many solid domestic and construction wastes left over from repair works in the buildings were accumulated in traps and even in wild dumps. They are an environmental problem because they pollute the areas around the chalets, surface and ground waters due to the lecheate of storm water through the body of the wild dumps etc.

The prevailing type of wastes in the accumulated quantities in Rila NP are construction wastes – chalets “Chakalitsa”, “Granchar”, “Belmeken”, linesman’s lodge “Ropalitsa” and “Gorna Zemya” hotel. Solid fuel wastes – wood and coal, are stored in the region of chalets “Skakavitsa” and “Lovna”.

Domestic wastes prevail in the accumulated wastes close to the sites in Central Balkan NP – plastics, tins, paper, PE packing - chalets “Dermenka”, “Hubavets”, “Balkanski rozi”, “Vasil Levski”, “Rai”, “Mazalat”. Glass containers and construction wastes have been accumulated in the areas of chalets “Eho” and “Dobrila”.

The staff in charge of the chalets and the buildings in most cases collect separately the generated wastes and regularly transport incombustible wastes beyond the park area. Bags are used to that purpose in the seasons when transportation is possible.

A major problem is the quantity/volume of solid domestic wastes that are not subject to biological disintegration or incineration – plastics, packing, metal, glass, construction wastes. They comprise the essential part of the wastes that have been accumulated in the vicinity of some sites for lack of any onsite treatment method and difficult transportation beyond the park areas. In most cases food wastes are not a problem, since the generated quantities are relatively small and are used to feed animals.

Data about the quantities and types of generated wastes and the existing collection practices are presented in Appendix № 4, item 21.

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2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

4. DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE FOR EVALUATION OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND STATUS OF SITES

Aiming to perform an objective selection of sites for the implementation of waste and wastewater treatment technological solutions, according to the extent of urgency to solve the problem, an Evaluation scale was developed by priority (Appendix № 5). At a meeting of the working group (minutes №4/05.11.2002; Appendix №2) the participants adopted an evaluation scale, and the representatives of both parks presented the priority sites featuring environmental problems. On the basis of the visits paid on site and the performed analyses of the data in the Information cards, the individual parameters were divided in two groups.

One of the groups comprises the parameters that are of paramount importance for selection of priority sites. These priority parameters underlie the Site evaluation scale. The parameters are divided in groups by subject. Each parameter has different weight evaluated by a given number of points. The greatest number of points in each group are carried by the priority parameter in terms of the urgency to apply wastes and wastewater treatment management technologies. In turn, the sites that have been assigned the greatest number of points, shall be evaluated as priority sites and included in the pilot phase of the investment stage of the Project.

The second group of parameters serve as a source of additional information to develop the technological and investment proposal for each of the selected parameters.

The evaluation scale by priority (Appendix №5) comprises the following parameters:

А. PROPERTY (Total 30 pts.) 1. State public / Municipal public (25 points ) 2. State private/ Municipal private/ Institutional (3 points ) 3. Private – (2 points )

The working team considered that criterion to be one of the most important and assumed that sites which are Private property shall finance at their own expenses the costs for solution of wastes and wastewater problems. In terms of this Project, priority sites are considered those which are state or municipal public property.

B. ACCESS (Total 6 pts.) 1. Asphalt road (1 point.) 2. Macadam road (2 points.) 3. Tourist path (3 points.)

Distribution of points is based on the available possibility for transportation of wastes and for construction. It is assumed that if the site is only accessible via tourist routes, transportation of solid wastes and contents of septic tanks will be seriously impeded and it will be justified to apply an onsite treatment technology or minimize the generated quantities and volumes.

C. POWER SUPPLY (Total 4 pts.) 1. Yes (3 points.)

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 17 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

2. No (1 point.)

Distribution of points is based on the assumption that Power supply is of substantial importance for application of technologies for wastes and wastewater treatment management.

D. AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF VISITORS (Total 45 pts.) 1. Up to 100 (1 point ) 2. 100 ÷ 500 (4 points ) 3. 500 ÷ 1000 (8 points) 4. 1000 ÷ 5000 (12 points ) 5. Over 5000 (20 points )

The average annual number of visitors is the guiding criterion by weight in the evaluation of the necessity to apply technologies for wastes and wastewater management. The number of points goes up in direct proportion with the number of visitors. The assumption here is that the quantity of wastes and wastewater go up in parallel with the increase in the number of visitors.

E. OPERATIONAL PERIOD (Total 5 points ) 1. Full year (4 points ) 2. Seasonal (1 point )

In terms of the cost/effect ratio, the implementation of technologies for wastes and wastewater management may only be economically justified if the site is in operation throughout the year.

F. AVAILABILITY OF KITCHEN (Total 5 points) 1. Yes (4 points ) 2. No (1 point)

The availability of a kitchen and food preparation will mean generation of additional quantities of solid wastes and wastewater. Therefore, that parameter carries some additional points supporting the necessity to implement technologies for their treatment.

G. WATER-SUPPLIED TOILETS / BATHS (Total 5 points) 1. Yes (4 points) 2. No (1 point )

The existence of water-supplied toilets and baths will mean greater quantities of wastewater, therefore it contributes weight in favor of implementation of treatment technologies.

4.1. Site ranking

The respective data by selected criteria for each site, as stated in the Information card were input in the above-described Scale for evaluation of site status and infrastructure. Based on the achieved results, the sites were ranked in descending order according to the number of assigned points.

18 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Not only the ranking was taken into account during the selection of priority sites, but also the opinion of the representatives of Park Directorates and the impressions from the site visits. The following sites were selected as priority (see Appendix №5):

¾ Rila NP: − Chalet “Maliovitsa” − Chalet “Musala” − Chalet “Rilski ezera”

¾ Central Balkan NP: − Chalet “Rai” − Chalet “Pleven” and the facilities located in the immediate vicinity: 9 Training base “Severen Dzhendem” 9 Mountain Rescue Service base “Buzov dial” 9 Dairy farm “Buzov dial”

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 19 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks

2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

5. PROPOSED TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR WASTES AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AT SELECTED SITES

This section will review the proposed technical solutions for wastes and wastewater management at the sites selected for implementation in the territory of both parks.

The sites subject to this proposal are listed under the above chapter.

5.1. Wastewater treatment

We propose one type of technical solution for the selected priority sites due to the similar conditions, the possibility to use uniform equipment, which would facilitate future maintenance and the uniformity of maintenance and operational activities at chalets. The differences between individual chalets consist in the various volume of individual technologically connected facilities and the capacity of the used equipment depending on the quantities of wastewaters, respectively the daily average or annual average number of population equivalent (PE).

In the preparation of the detailed designs it is necessary to observe the following basic principles: - To estimate accurately the wastewater quantities taking into account the number and type of visitors and staff, the daily, weekly and seasonal occupancy of chalets, and the type of water supply and sanitary equipment; - To construct block facilities, which take minimum area, are easy to operate and do not require permanent staff; - To take the elevation above sea level and the specific climatic conditions into account; - To use obligatory the available facilities (septic tanks, collectors etc.), including them in the technological scheme (for operational volumes, sludge treatment, contact reservoirs etc.); - To provide grease-traps, for the wastewater from kitchen blocks, of sufficient capacity and treatment efficiency.

We propose that compact treatment plants having the following technological elements should be constructed: - mechanical treatment of water and separation of retained wastes for joint treatment with solid domestic wastes from chalets; - biological treatment of water through a process with activated sludge and sludge stabilization; - secondary settling; - decontamination (if necessary); - dewatering and accumulation of stabilized and excessive activated sludge.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 21 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

5.2. Treatment of solid domestic wastes.

In view of the already established separated collection in the chalets, we propose that it should continue while improving the relevant technical conditions. To that end, containers for separated wastes collection shall be secured to facilitate further treatment, and these shall be clearly marked and put in suitable places. No storage room has been envisaged for collected wastes at some chalets (”Rilski ezera”, ”Maliovitsa”, ”Rai” etc.) and that causes health risk and additional difficulties, especially under the severe climatic conditions in these sites. It is necessary to provide suitable premises for storage of collected wastes. A major problem faced in transportation of wastes beyond the park areas continues to be their volume and the too high /unjustified/ transportation costs, especially of food and beverage packing. - We propose to treat solid domestic wastes as follows: - to collect separately all bio-wastes and to compost them in the region of the chalets for which the respective instructions will be prepared; - inflammable wastes (without those emitting toxic substances in ambient air when burnt) shall be collected separately and used as fuel in the heating facilities of the chalets; - all other voluminous wastes (tins, beverage containers, synthetic packs etc.) shall be collected separately and their volume shall be mechanically reduced to minimum. To that end, small presses (one for each chalet) are to be constructed. By design, these presses will be small and easy to operate, equipped with hydro-jet and hydraulic equipment, allowing to achieve sufficient pressure to reduce to minimum the volume of compacted stuff. These facilities will be installed in the rooms for collection and storage of wastes. Their regular utilization will allow to reduce wastes to small blocks, which then will be easy to transport less frequently beyond the park areas and sell to licensed companies for recycling. It will not be necessary to specially train the staff at the chalets to operate the presses. Maintenance services will be contracted with the manufacturer; - glass wastes shall be collected separately and transported outside of the park areas; - construction wastes from repair works and rehabilitation shall be collected separately and transported outside of the park areas;

22 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

6. INVESTMENT PROPOSAL

The objective of the investment proposal is to estimate the costs required to solve the problem related to treatment of solid wastes and wastewater from the proposed chalets in compliance with the technical proposal discussed in item [.6.2] of this study, and the institutional steps that need to be taken to implement the projects.

6.1. Organizational and institutional issues

The proposed projects are located in the territory of Rila and Central Balkan National Parks. To secure the effective project management and implementation, a leading institution, with clearly defined duties and obligations, shall be selected. The proposals shall be submitted by the Applicant (the entity running the site).

Some sample investment proposals have been enclosed with this Study (Appendix №6), comprising all the components for a proposal requiring financing form potential financial sources.

The required administrative and legal steps that shall precede project implementation are: - to provide permits to use water sites and permits for water use and discharge of wastewater in surface water reservoir; - to prepare the needed studies of detailed designs; - to clarify the relations with the respective legal persons running the chalets, including the obligations related to operation of facilities; - to legalize the detailed designs and provide construction permits etc.

It is our proposal, as soon as the projects are approved and financing secured, to select Contractors and Suppliers (but also Consultants/Designers) through competitive procedures / bids, agreed in advance between all parties in this process.

The general information on the parks and the status of the major ecological problems of chalets are included in the sample application proposals for financing from potential financing institutions, programs etc.

To define the required investments, cost estimates were developed based on technological solutions and major baseline parameters, which were established on the grounds of: - Information cards data on generation of wastewater and solid wastes; - The proposals for technological solutions discussed in item 9 of this paper; - Recommended guidelines for wastes and wastewater management given in item 11 of this paper.

In Appendix 7 and Appendix 8 sample of tender documents for consultancy services sample of tender documents for construction of wastewater treatment plant are shown.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 23 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

6.2. Cost-estimate for the implementation of the proposed projects.

The preliminary cost-estimate for wastewater treatment is made on the basis of the technical solutions proposed in item 5 of this paper. The costs of construction and installation works have been estimated on the basis of average prices in the country for that type of works. The cost-estimate for equipment is in line with the prices of individual machines and components given by manufacturers of that type of equipment in Europe. The total costs that are shown include: Contingencies (5%), Consulting services (12%) and independent construction supervision (3%).

The preliminary cost-estimates by site are as follows:

Rila National Park:

¾ chalet “Musala” - BGN 147 194 ¾ chalet “Rilski ezera” BGN 233 168 ¾ chalet “Maliovitsa” - BGN 102 565.

Central Balkan National Park:

¾ chalet “Pleven”, teaching base “Severen Dzhendem” and the Mountain Rescue Service base “Bazov dial ” and dairy farm “Bazov dial” – BGN 261 786. ¾ chalet “Rai” - BGN 164 582.

The estimated cost of the presses for solid domestic wastes proposed to be installed at each of the chalets is BGN 5 000.

24 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

7. GUIDELINES FOR WASTE AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AT HIGH-MOUNTAIN SITES

General notes

The solution of problems related to domestic wastes and wastewater treatment from site in National Parks is of particular importance for the efficient protection of the environment and eco-systems in protected areas.

The type and construction of particular solutions are directly dependent on the specific features of high-mountain sites – difficult access, availability of an energy source, great elevation above sea level, seasonal fluctuations, etc.

Goal of the Recommended Guidelines

The recommended guidelines aim to summarize the experience in the field of solid domestic wastes and wastewater treatment in mountain regions and protected areas, and cannot cover in detail all applicable technical solutions due to the great variety of individual sites, and the fact that the options typically applied to solve similar problems in plains are not always feasible. Therefore, the ratio between the cost and the technical solution, while achieving the maximum environmental effect, shall always be taken into account.

Legal framework

The implementation of separate projects shall be based on the effective legal framework and regulations related to discharge of polluting elements in water recipients, soils, ground water, air and other environmental components (“Water Act “ Article 56 para.1 and Article 66; “Regulation №10/SG issue 66/2001 etc.).

Before launching the design of any project it is necessary to secure the required consents, deeds of ownership on the real estate and the land where the project will be implemented, energy supply, EIA decisions etc.

Limitations

Knowledge and practices applied in valleys cannot be directly applied mountain regions. Solutions for these regions shall be adapted to the specific mountain and high-mountain conditions in view of the applied technologies, but also of their future operation.

Specific features of the location.

The location of the existing and newly constructed sites in the parks shall be taken into account in terms of the possible impact of pollutants on other sites located below them (in terms of elevation), and also the possible solution of potable water sources with pathogenic bacteria, soluble substances etc. If treated water is discharged in surface water, the minimum flow of the water receiver shall be taken into account, and if necessary, the

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 25 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project treatment capacity of the soil shall be used. The same refers to water leacheate permeating through the body of the facilities for storage or composting of solid domestic wastes.

It is necessary to study the possible impact of sludge on the vegetation in the sites’ region in case of disposal.

Elevation above sea level

The elevation above sea level impacts the temperature of ambient air, soil, snow cover, wind speed, vegetation period of plants etc. That should be considered when discussing the measures for heat insulation of facilities and the technical solutions. At high-mountain sites in particular, where vegetation is sparse and freezing is common, the elevation above sea level is a really important factor.

Site accessibility

Site accessibility impacts directly the number of visitors and the frequency of visits, supply of equipment and implementation of construction and installation works, as well as the operation of these facilities. Thus, for example, if there is a road it is possible to prevent disposal and treatment of solid domestic wastes and sludge. If access is difficult, other solutions to that problem shall be considered (disposal and composting, minimization of the volume of solid wastes, utilization of unconventional means of transport such as motor- sledges, rope lifts etc.).

Energy supply

The availability of an energy source is of particular importance for selection of the technological solution. A permanent energy source is of paramount importance for construction of facilities, especially for wastewater treatment. The concept of energy supply for the treatment facilities shall always be perceived in the context of the general energy supply of the specific site. Never shall treatment facilities be dependant on energy supply and consumption of a given site. That would mean to secure an independent energy source different from the one which supplies the main building. The existing sources shall be used only after being eventually rehabilitated or repaired. If some excessive power is available, it may be used to increase the temperature of the wastewater, to improve the processes of sludge stabilization etc.

The use of generators operating with liquid fuel, for the purposes of wastewater treatment, shall be avoided. By no means shall any environmentally adverse energy sources be used. Certainly, any alternative energy sources which are very costly (high energy cost) shall also not be used. It is possible to use hydro-generators installed at surface water sources.

Operational period

Seasonal operation (functioning) of individual sites is of major interest, especially any eventual termination of operations in wintertime. It is important that access should be secured to the wastewater treatment facilities in wintertime, and if necessary they should also be located in the main building. If non-operational periods are long, they should be switched off and later start up again. At the beginning of the season they should quickly

26 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project reach the designed treatment capacity. In view of the short pauses in loading of treatment facilities, attention shall be paid to the sizing of the biological stage of treatment facilities.

Availability of existing facilities

The existing facilities for waste and wastewater treatment shall be investigated in all cases. Some of these facilities may be included in the technological scheme after being rehabilitated, which would reduce capital expenses. This study, as well as the sizing and operational guidelines have been drawn up by the designers of the new facilities for the respective site.

Quantity of Wastewater

The quantity of wastewater from sites in mountain regions depends highly on the existing water supply, sanitary equipment (indoors or outdoors lavatories, baths, available hot and/or cold water etc.) Low water consumption is characteristic of chalets and mountain buildings due to their nature. It is worth noting that the registered water consumption at similar mountain sites in Europe is from 20 to 50 l ./P.E./per day. By all means, water quantities shall be estimated accurately, on the basis of calculations and observation to prevent over-sizing of facilities and incorrect technological computations.

Organic load

The organic load of the treatment facilities depends on the type and function of the respective mountain site. For computation purposes, the adopted standard values for BOD5, S.S.. etc. are in compliance with the “Norms for Design of Wastewater Systems ” – KTSU - Sofia, 1990. Due to the specific characteristics of these sites, typically the values of these indicators are reduced and it is recommended to investigate each individual case. The average daily quantities of wastewater are strongly impacted by the number of visitors throughout the week and in different seasons, as well as by particular weather conditions. The average annual load values depend on the type and size of the individual site, duration of seasonal functioning. The annual organic load (BOD5) is critical for the annual generation of sludge, which shall be considered for appropriate sizing of sludge treatment facilities.

Quantity of solid domestic wastes

The quantity of solid domestic wastes depends on the same factors that have already been mentioned in relation to wastewater. The type of services provided at the respective site, the access, and the seasonal and weekly number of visitors have a strong impact. Construction wastes may be generated during repair works, expansions and rehabilitations. At any case, these wastes shall be transported outside of park areas.

7.1. Guidelines for wastewater treatment.

The objective of the recommended guidelines is to provide technical and technological solutions to be applied in the design of wastewater treatment facilities for the sites in both national parks.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 27 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Treatment facilities shall be designed in line with the effective regulations and some rules and instructions on design, well-established in that field. Solutions that allow for sustainable functioning and easy maintenance and operation of facilities, shall be applied.

The required level of treatment is stipulated by the current standards (Regulation № 6 /1.2000/SG 97/2000 on standards for discharge of treated wastewater in “sensitive” and “less sensitive” zones) and permits for water discharge in the respective recipient.

The technical, economical and environmental options related to treatment technologies, as well as to operation and maintenance of facilities shall be studied and compared in terms of their advantages and disadvantages.

Due to the broad range of conditions at various sites in mountain regions and national parks, it is hard to prescribe a standard solution. Conventional solid domestic wastes and wastewater treatment is nearly unfeasible in these regions. Individual environmental, technical and economic solutions shall be selected for each specific case. Transportation of wastewater by means of tanks shall be foreseen very rarely. Wastewater removal by means of wastewater collectors or onsite treatment shall be compared and discussed, and only realistic technical solutions and options shall be implemented. Energy supply and consumption shall be analyzed. The same approach shall be applied to quantities and treatment of various sludge and wastes. The cost of construction and installation works, operation costs, consulting services and the environmental impacts shall be sufficiently representative.

General recommendations

1. It is recommended to split the wastewater collection system thus allowing for separate discharge of surface storm water and other provisionally clean water in order to prevent ‘flushing’ of treatment facilities. 2. Wastewater from kitchens, restaurants and other food processing premises, after passing through grease traps, shall be taken to the treatment facility. 3. Where boiler rooms or storage reservoirs for liquid fuel exist, overflow safety tanks and arrangements shall be provided to prevent occasional spillages and penetration of oil-products in the water receivers, treatment facilities and the soil. 4. If it is possible to commonly treat wastewater quantities from a group of sites, this option shall be selected after a feasibility analysis. 5. It is particularly important to secure the necessary wastewater temperatures applying various technical devices (e.g. insulation). 6. Treatment and disposal of sludge and solid wastes shall be envisaged at the stage facilities’ design. 7. The less intensive aeration shall be considered when processes with aeration systems are used. 8. To achieve appropriate sizing of the treatment facilities, it will be important to estimate the wastewater quantities generated at the relevant site. That quantity will depend on the type of site, functions, sanitary equipment, water supply, wastewater- collection system, type and frequency of visits etc. Generally, visitors may be grouped as follows according to their stay:

28 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

- Stays for more than one night; - Stays for one night; - One-day stays (without the night). The proper sizing of water quantities will allow for proper estimation of the loading of facilities in terms of BOD5, COD, NH4-N etc. 9. The annual organic load is important for the design of the eventual capacity for storage of stabilized sludge. Their quantity and quality will depend on the selected treatment technology.

Mechanical treatment of water

By means of mechanical treatment solids are removed from the wastewater. The removal of organic suspended solids leads to a reduction of the organic fraction in the wastewater. Four main principles characterize mechanical wastewater treatment: sedimentation, screening, filtration and flotation.

Light wastewater components (e.g. greases, oils and oil-products) are removed by means of grease traps. Various greases shall be disposed separately. The volume of grease traps shall be expanded to provided storage room for trapped greases. It is necessary for all stop valves (check valves etc.) to function without fail in order to remove greases. It shall be noted that the organic acids that originate in grease traps damage the materials (concrete) from which the facilities are made. Grease traps for kitchen wastewater may be designed separately from the basic facilities.

Mechanical treatment may be carried out in multi-chamber septic tanks. If time allowed for sedimentation is sufficient, solids will accumulate at the bottom of the tank while, at the same time, greases and oils will undergo flotation. The advantages of such facilities are the easy operation, low maintenance costs and no energy demand. Recirculation of effluent in these facilities allows maintaining the biological activity during periods of low wastewater load.

A disadvantage of multi-chamber septic tanks are the anaerobic processes of decomposition in the settling zone due to the long retention of water in these zones. Thus some sludge pollutants dissolve again in water, which reduces the effect of treatment. The dissolved components impair the performance of the following biological treatment stage. Another negative effect of these plants are the possible odor problems. Good practice to avoid these is to cover the primary settling tank and remove the air to the aeration system that follows.

Another technical device to remove solids is screening of the wastewaters by means of various types of screens or sieves. The size of holes in these devices vary in broad ranges. The screened wastewater will still contain small-size solids, which shall be considered in sizing of the following biological treatment stage. An advantage of these systems is that retained solids are already dewatered. The factors to be considered for selection of the proper system are the electric demand, clogging problems and maintenance.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 29 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

Biological treatment of waters

For further degradation of soluble organic wastewater compounds a biological treatment is required. Aerobic and anaerobic processes are applied in modern practice. In high- mountain regions, anaerobic processes are difficult to operate. Aerobic processes can be distinguished either as bacteria mass in suspension or as bio-film formed on a static surface.

1. Activated sludge treatment process.

The activated sludge process is a very popular treatment practice applied at mountain and high-mountain regions though often the process is impeded by boundary conditions such as temperature and irregular loading conditions.

Sizing of process facilities shall be in compliance with the regulations for standard conditions and the sizing of activated sludge age shall account for the low temperatures typical for these sites. Generally, degradation processes of organic pollutants are not inhibited by low temperatures and only the speed of the processes are reduces.

General principles to be followed for proper sizing of treatment facilities with activated sludge process: - the secondary settling tank shall be designed based on the maximum hydraulic flow; - excessive activated sludge withdrawal shall be automated; - scum removal systems in secondary clarifiers shall be designed so as to prevent sludge loss in case denitrification processes occur;

The basic processes of activated sludge treatment applied in practice are: - classical scheme of activated sludge treatment; - “single tank” treatment technique with two sub-schemes: with continuous supply of wastewater; and with discontinuous supply of wastewater (SBR); - combined processes.

The major design parameter used for activated sludge is the sludge load expressed in kg BOD5/kg.SS per day. The common acceptable range is from 0.05 to 0.08 kg BOD5/kg SS.

The ‘single tank’ treatment technique comprises the following processes: aeration, settling and discharge of clarified water. The advantage of this technique is the formation of floc filter which is very effective in removing fine solids dispersed in water. Moreover, the process is flexible and can be adapted to the actual load.

The following basic principles shall be considered in computing of the required oxygen quantity: - The major oxygen quantity is used to reduce organic matters through the metabolism of microorganisms. About one third of the oxygen is consumed for energy generation (CO2) and about two thirds are transformed in microbial matter;

30 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

- Regardless of the load, microorganisms use oxygen for endogen respiration. The latter requires a minimum oxygen quantity; - Oxygen for nitrogen removal. A certain quantity of oxygen is needed for the nitrification process, and some oxygen from the nitrates for the de-nitrification process.

The above requirements referring to the quantity of oxygen demand impact on the computations for the aeration system, and consequently on the choice of equipment and the computations of the air quantity supplied by the air-blowers.

2. Biofilm treatment

That process may be separated into two main technical solutions: submerged bio-filters, where the bio-mass grows in a static environment on surfaces submerged in the wastewater and the oxygen demand (aeration) is provided by means of electrically driven air-blowers, or bio-filters, where the water is spread on the fixed biofilm, while the oxygen is taken directly from the ambient air. Another technical solution is to use bio-disks where the biofilm is regularly submerged in wastewater and removed from it.

In soil, sand and gravel bio-filters the air is pushed into the filter simultaneously with the wastewater stream. The design of soil and sand filters shall be selected with regard to the relief and geological conditions allowing the implementation of various technical solutions.

3. Chemical-physical wastewater treatment.

In mountain regions this method is commonly applied as an additional treatment stage after biological treatment. Agents are added to improve sedimentation processes and chemical treatment in peak-load periods. That type of treatment requires automated preparation and dosage of agents. Additional volume shall be provided at the biological stage to accommodate the respective reactions.

With reference to the sites in both National Parks, this method shall be applied in cases where high level of treatment is required (“sensitive zone”) stipulated under the respective permit for discharge.

Processing of sludge resulting from wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment and sludge processing shall be considered as an integral process. Possibilities of sludge treatment and wastewater treatment technologies are closely related. Other influencing factors are transport possibilities, and regulations concerning sludge processing.

Before the start of the design phase for each particular site, all permits related to sludge treatment and disposal shall be available (under the discharge permit).

Generally sludge may be classified as primary: sludge from grease traps, bottom deposit sludge from primary sedimentation, toilet paper, leftover food etc. and secondary: sludge from biological treatment. The lack of problematic contents in chalet wastewater, such as

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 31 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project heavy metals, toxic substances etc. qualify the sludge that is generated there as sludge that can be spread onsite. Prior to spreading sludge shall be homogenized. Spreading shall be confined to areas far from water sources and preferably at places where reclamation of damaged terrains is required etc.

Generally, one should distinguish between the qualities of sludge resulting from mechanical treatment on the one hand and from biological treatment on the other hand. Their consistencies may be different (e.g. dewatered primary sludge and screenings and thickened secondary sludge), and there can be different legal requirements towards sludge distribution on site.

At any case, it will be necessary to provide sufficient storage tank volume, regardless of the degree of stabilization and whether the sludge is transported or spread on site.

Sludge Stabilization

Non-heated sludge digestion is the most common and economic process in high mountain regions. In most cases multi-chamber septic tanks are used. As mentioned above, they concurrently operate as settling and storage tanks. In waterless toilets sludge stabilization will also take place. In most cases temperature and retention time will allow for partial stabilization only. Practical experience shows, that the partially stabilized sludge is both suitable for on-site spreading and transportation.

If the sludge has been sufficiently dewatered it can be composted. Composting requires a considerable expenditure of human labor. Because of the high humidity it is necessary to provide oxygen access to achieve successful composting. Adding hay, straw, other grain stuff or soil will facilitate moisture absorption and oxygen access.

If technically feasible, the composting process may be accelerated by periodically turning over the sludge. The better the composting is looked after, the less odor will develop. Adding of hay, can help reduce smells during the process. In high-mountain regions where ambient temperatures low, the process can yield good results if supported by heating applying various techniques.

Аerobic stabilization can be performed in treatment facilities operating with activated sludge. At these, oxygen supply is provided mechanically. The method requires energy consumption for aerobic stabilization of excessive activated sludge (including primary sludge). Extra reactor volume is required to allow for the process. In cases where small sludge quantities are generated, soil production can be arranged by means of constructing dewatering reed beds. They will serve to dewater the sludge by periodically spreading it in thin layers. The dimensions of these beds will depend on the sludge quantity and the desired quality of the soil.

Chemical conditioning consists in adding material like lime. Quicklime is used in rare cases only. As a side effect, quicklime addition provides for sludge decontamination.

32 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project

7.2. Guidelines for treatment of solid domestic wastes.

Recommendations for waste treatment in both parks have been systematically laid out in item 5.2. of the Study.

The basic principles to be observed are as follows: - Wastes shall be collected separately, by type, in view of their upcoming treatment; - National Park visitors shall adhere as much as possible to the ‘input-output’ principle; - It is mandatory to remove all construction, glass, metal, PET (polyethylene terephtalat), HPDE (high density polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride ), LDPE (low density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene ) and PS (polystyrene ) outside of the park areas. To that end, we recommend that compaction devices be used for that type of wastes (packing), which are subject to compaction and allow for volume reduction, to prevent their scattering around the park areas and minimize the number of transportation races; - Wastes subject to biological decomposition (food leftovers) shall undergo onsite composting in the premises of the sites. If wastewater treatment facilities are available, these wastes may be composted together with the sludge removed in the treatment process.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 33 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

Appendix 1 List of mountain sites in “Central Balkan” National Park

1. “Momina Poliana” chalet 2. “Benkovski” chalet 3. “Vezhen” chalet 4. “Eho” chalet 5. “Kozia Stena” chalet 6. “Haidushka Pesen” chalet 7. “Dermenka” chalet 8. “Dobrila” chalet 9. “Ambaritsa” chalet 10. “Hubavets” chalet 11. “Balkanski Rozi” chalet 12. “Vassil Levski” chalet 13. “Pleven” chalet 14. “Ravnets” chalet 15. “Rai” chalet 16. “Tazha” chalet 17. “Mazalat” chalet 18. “Sokolina” chalet 19. “Rusalka” chalet 20. “Kordela” forest home 21. “Komitski Valog” chalet 22. “Nezabravka” chalet 23. “Triglav” chalet 24. “Severen Dzhendem” training base 25. “Orlovo Gnezdo” shelter 26. Bungalows of “Comfort 2000” – town of Sopot 27. “Bazov Dial” Mountain Rescue Service base 28. Radio-relay and TV station of the Bulgarian Telecommunication Company

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 1 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

List of mountain sites in “Rila” National Park

1. “Chakalitsa” chalet 2. “Makedonia” chalet 3. “Dobarsko” chalet 4. “Granchar” chalet 5. “Ropalitsa” substation 6. Substation 7. “Belmeken” chalet 8. “Musala” chalet 9. “Ledenoto Ezero” shelter 10. “Chakar Voivoda” chalet 11. “Maritsa” chalet 12. “Zavrachitsa” chalet 13. “Beli Iskar” recreation base 14. “Vada” chalet 15. “Strashnoto Ezero” chalet 16. “Lovna” chalet 17. “Trilistnika” fish-breeding pond 18. Recreation base of “Hydrostroi – Riltsi” 19. “Gorna Zemia” hotel 20. “Orlovets” shelter 21. “Otovitsa” chalet 22. “Skakavitsa” chalet 23. “Sedemte Ezera” chalet 24. “Ivan Vazov” chalet 25. “Maliovitsa” chalet 26. “Rilski Ezera” chalet 27. “Zeleni Preslap” creative base 28. “Zeleni Preslap” recreation base

2 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

Appendix 2

SITE INFORMATION CARD:

......

1. NAME OF NATIONAL PARK:

2. NAME OF PARK SECTION:

3. MANAGEMENT ZONE: (under the Park Management Plan)

4. NAME OF SITE: ( chalet, recreation facility, shelter etc.)

5. SITE OWNERSHIP:

6. MANAGING INSTITUTION:

7. SITE USER: (if granted for use to another organization, different from the owner

8. SITE ELEVATION ABOVE SEA LEVEL: m.

9. ACCESS TO SITE (describe possible ways to reach the site: available means of transport type of transport, tourist itineraries etc.)

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 3 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

10. POWER SUPPLY: Not available: Available:

Description:

(fill in the power source – transmission line, own generator, available free capacity for extra consumers etc..)

11. HEATING:

11.1. Heating mode (heaters, local heating, electric heaters etc.):

11.2. Type of fuel:

11.3. Fuel quantity per year:

12. NUMBER OF STAFF: Permanent: Seasonal:

13. ACCOMMODATION CAPACITY: (number of beds)

14. ACCOMMODATION CAPACITY Not available Available IN THE VICINITY: (Camps, bungalows, tents etc., close to site )

14.1. Period in operation spring: summer: autumn: winter: by season: (cross relevant boxes)

14.2. Average monthly spring: summer: autumn: winter: number of visitors

4 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

15. INFORMATION ON VISITORS: Total number (average annual): (fill in the approximate number of visitors based on actual observations)

average annual number of visitors Spring: Summer: Autumn: Winter: by season:

Visitors who stayed for more than one night:

Visitors who stayed for one night:

Visitors who stayed for a day, but no night

16. PERIOD IN OPERATION Full year Seasonal : (cross relevant box)

From (month):

To: (month):

17. PROVIDED SERVICES: (Accommodation, food, beverage, sports and relaxation facilities etc.)

18. IS THERE A KITCHEN Yes: No: AND FOOD PREPARATION:

Capacity:

19.SANITARY EQUIPMENT: (give a detailed description of – number of available toilets – with or without water; type and location, assessment of current condition)

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 5 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

20. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM:

20.1. Water source type (water supply main, water capture river intake etc..)

20.2. Is consumed water No Yes measured : Approximate consumed water quantity per year: cubic meters.

20.3. Diameter of supply main to site: mm

20.4. Number of water intakes to the site:

20.5. Water use consent: Yes No

21. WASTES

21.1. Existing accumulated quantities of sold wastes: (description of accumulated types of wastes, if any, and approximate quantity)

21.2. Solid wastes management

21.2.1. Who, among the staff, is responsible for wastes disposal :

21.2.2. Existing practices (if any) for wastes disposal among visitors: (disposal to places in the site vicinity, expressly specified for the purpose or transportation beyond its territory etc.)

6 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

21.2.3. Available facilities for wastes collection of: (containers, bins etc.).

21.2.4. Management of food wastes:

21.3. Types of solid wastes Plastic: Glass: Metal: Food: and rough quantity (cubic/m/p.a.):

Combustible Other:

22. WASTEWATER

22.1. Existing facilities for wastewater treatment (if any): (describe septic tanks, excavation pits, direct discharge etc.)

22.1.1. Volume of facility:

22.1.2. Cleaning method:

22.1.3. Current state of facility:

22.1.4. Is an external sewage collector available? (describe the current state and availability of a sewage collector from the site to the facility or discharge point)

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 7 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

22.2. Is there a laundry: No Yes

Approximate monthly quantity of wastewater from the laundry in cubic meters

Laundry capacity: kg /per day

22.3. Is there a heating boiler unit No Yes on liquid or hard fuel:

Type of fuel:

Is there a connection No Yes Between the boiler Unit and the collector

Is there a ware house No Yes

For solid fuel:

Volume of Liquid fuel tanks: in cubic meters

Number of boilers:

Boiler capacity: kW

Any past problems in the course of boiler operation: ( describe any spillages in the area penetration of oil products in the sewage collector, or septic tank, or effluent recipient etc.

8 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

22.4.Effluent recipient: (river, stream, dry gully etc.)

22.4.1. River basin of effluent recipient:

22.5. Is a wastewater discharge permit available? No Yes :

Date of issuance:

23. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS (IF KNOWN)::

Date:

This questionnaire was filled in by:

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 9 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

Appendix 3

HIGH-MOUNTAIN SITES IN "CENTRAL BALKAN" AND “RILA” NATIONAL PARKS

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 11 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks HIGH-MOUNTAIN SITES IN "RILA" NATIONAL PARK 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 No SITES "Chakalit "Makedo "Dobarsk "Grancha "Ropalits Substatio "Belmeke "Mussala "Ledenot "Chakar "Maritsa" "Zavrachi "Beli "Vada" "Strashno "Lovna" "Lake "Hidrostr "Gorna "Orlovets "Otovitsa "Skakavit "Sedemte "Ivan "Maliovit "Rilski "Zeleni "Zeleni INDICATORS Chalet Chaleti Chalet Chalet Substatio Chalet Chalet Shelter Chaletid Chalet Chalet Trainingk Chalet Shelter Chalet Fishili ik Restingi Hoteli Shelter Chalet Chalet Chalet Chalet Chalet Chalet Creativel Recreatiol 1. Name of National Park: Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rilad Rila Rila Rilabdi Rilab Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rila Rilab Rila Rilab 2. Name of park section: Blagoevg Blagoevg Belitsa Iakoruda Iakoruda- Iakoruda- Kostenets Borovets Borovets Borovets Borovets Borovets Beli Iskar Govedart Govedart Dupnitsa Dupnitsa Dupnitsa Dupnitsa Govedart Dupnitsa Dupnitsa Dupnitsa Dupnitsa Govedart Dupnitsa Dupnitsa Dupnitsa 3. Name of management zone: Multifunct Protected Multifunct Multifunct Multifunct Multifunct Reserve Infrastruc Protected Infrastruc Infrastruc Infrastruc Infrastruc Multifunc Multifunc Multifunc Protected Multifunc Multifunc Multifunc Multifunc Protected Protected Multifunc Multifunc Restricte Intensive Intensive area with area with area with area with area with d human restricted restricted tional tional tional restricted tional tional tional tional restricted restricted tional tional tourism tourism human human human human human impact ional zone activities ional zone ional zone ional zone ional zone ture activities ture ture ture ture zone zone zone activities zone zone zone zone activities activities zone zone zone zone zone 4. Name of site: "Chakalit "Makedo "Dobarsk "Grancha "Ropalits Substatio "Belmeke "Mussala "Ledenot "Chakar Maritzsa "Zavrachi "Beli "Vada" "Strashno "Lovna" Fish 7 "Gorna "Orlovets "Otovitsa "Skakavit "Sedemte "Ivan "Maliovit "Rilski "Zeleni "Zeleni a" n for Iskar" Bungalo Preslap" Preslap" nia" substation o ezero" voivoda" 1900" tsa" Training to ezero" breeding- ws zemia" ezera" Vazov" Ezera" for dam dam and rest "Zeleni creative recreation sa" chalet chalet o" chalet r" chalet Belmeken Belmeken n" chalet " chalet shelter chalet chalet chalet Base chalet shelter chalet pond Preslap" hotel " shelter " chalet sa" chalet chalet chalet sa" chalet chalet base base 5. Site ownership: Bulgarian Bulgarian Bulgarian Bulgarian National National "Ravni "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski "Stanilov Bulgarian "Rilski Bulgarian Ministry "Hidrostr "Upland" Center "Bobov Bulgarian Bulgarian "Ivo - 95" Bulgarian Bulgarian The "Mebel - Tourist Tourist Electricit Electricit Chal" turist" turist" turist" turist" turist" turist" of Union - Union - y y Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Tourist Toutist oi - Co. - dol Supreme "Aigidik" "Aigidik" Tourist Tourist Company Company Tourist agricultur "Maliovit Tourist Tourist Ltd, - Tourist Tourist Invest" associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio Toutist Toutist - Dams - Dams Union - Riltsi" Nikolai mines" Court of e and associatio associatio and and n - village n-n-n-n-n- n- n n Union Union Cascades Cascades Kostenets Samokov Samokov Samokov Samokov Samokov " Ltd Samokov Samokov Union forest Ltd. Tenev sa" JSco. Union Union Sofia Union Union Cassation Co. 6. Site managing body: "Aigidik" "Aigidik" "Pirin" "Treshten National National "Ravni "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski "Stanilov "Rilski "Rilski "Panichis Forest- "Hidrostr "Upland" Center "Bobov "Rilski "Panichis "Ivo - 95" Bulgarian "Rilski The "Mebel - Electricit Electricit hte" hte" Toutist ik" Chal" turist" turist" turist" turist" turist" turist" turist" ezera" Ezera" Toutist Toutist y y Toutist oi - Co. - dol Toutist Supreme Company Company Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist associatio Toutist associatio division "Maliovit associatio Ltd, - Tourist tourist Invest" - Dams - Dams associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio and and n- Riltsi" Nikolai mines" n- Court of n-associatio n - village n-n-n-n-n- n-n- n- associatio Cascades -Cascades - Sapareva Sapareva n n Razlok n Velingrad Velingrad Kostenets Samokov Samokov Samokov Samokov Samokov " Ltd Samokov Samokov bania office Ltd. Tenev sa" JSco. Dupnitsa bania Sofia Union n Cassation Co. 7. Site user: "Aigidik" "Aigidik" "Pirin" "Anmari - National National The "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski "Rilski Rumen "Rilski "Panichis Forest- - "Upland" Center "Bobov "Rilski "Tanin" "Ivo - 95" "Rilski "Rilski The "Mebel - Electricit Electricit hte" Toutist turist" turist" turist" turist" turist" turist" ezera" ezera" Ezera" Toutist Toutist 51" Co. - y y chalet is Stoianov - Toutist Co. - dol Supreme Company Company Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist Toutist associatio associatio division "Maliovit Co. - Ltd, - tourist Invest" - Dams - Dams associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio associatio town of and and out of v. Beli n- Nikolai mines" Court of n- n-n-n-n-n- n- n- n-associatio Cascades -Cascades - Sapareva n n Razlok Iakoruda Velingrad Velingrad operation Samokov Samokov Samokov Samokov Samokov Iskar Samokov bania office Tenev sa" JSco. Dupnitsa Samokov Sofia Dupnitsa n Cassation Co. 8. Elevation above sea level 1830 2166 1700 2187 2000 1950 2224 2395 2710 1950 1900 2178 1498 1470 2300 1600 2280 1601 1600 2200 1460 1876 2197 2350 1986 2150 1600 1600 9. Access to site: Asphalt Asphalt From 16 km. Macadam-Macadam-Tourist Tourist Tourist Tourist Macadam-Macadam-Asphalt Asphalt Tourist Macadam-Tourist Asphalt Asphalt Tourist Macadam-Tourist Tourist Tourist Tourist Paths, Asphalt Asphalt paths: road - 31 village Asphalt path from soil road; soil road road -16 from paths: soil road; soil road - км., Dobarsko road, 4 lift upper lift or tourist to road from road in road or road or road and road and km., Macadam-to chalet - from "Sitniako tourist 12 km. km. station - soil road -12 km. vo"; or path from "Maritsa" beaten Macadam- macadam Borovets; upper lift path from and 7 км., Asphalt or from macadam- "Chakar chalet and v. Beli not good tourist tourist tourist tourist road and tourist and "Chakar soil road soil road - station - voivoda" tourist "Pionersk Tourist path - 1 macadam- 6 км. soil voivoda" from 17 km. км. soil road road soil road soil road paths chalet. Borovets Borovets chalet paths. Iskar condition path a" chalet paths paths paths path path paths path paths path track paths paths 10. Power supply: Generator No Power- Generator No-fuel No-fuel No Yes/Pow Yes/Pow No Yes/ Yes/ Yes/Pow Yes/small No No Yes/Gene Yes/Nati Yes/Nati No Hidro- Hidro- Yes/Gene Generator Yes/Nati Central National National Electric - water transimssi - water er- er- generator- rator - onal power er- Generator Generator Power turbine - on line turbine - transimssi transimssi water onal onal Electric rator - Electricit 2,5 kWt. Plant - - water supply-20 Electricit Electricit transimssi - water - water y 36 kW ; from 10 kW ; on line on line - turbine Samoran Free Electricit Electricit Power water Company KW, Free Titevitsa. Free from lifts on line turbine turbine kWt. from ovo - 220 capacity V; turbine - . available y y capacity Available capacity for Available "Bliznaka y y Available Plant - 5 turbine - Available from p. for for not free not free not Markudz free " lake - free free available. capacity. available. gas lamp gas lamp hika Mussala lighting lighting capacity. available. 20 kWt. Company Company capacity. KW 5 KW. 2.5 KW capacity. capacity Company Company 11. Heating:

11. Heating mode: Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel electrical Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel electrical Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Local Solid fuel Local Solid fuel Solid fuel Solid fuel Local Local Electric Heating 1. heaters heaters heaters heating and heating electrical and and and heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters heaters electrisity electrisity heating heaters heating heaters heaters heaters electricity system heaters devices 11. Type of fuel used: Firewood Firewood Firewood Firewood Firewood Firewood Firewood Firewood Electricit Firewood Firewood Firewood Electricit Firewood Firewood Firewood Firewood Firewood Diesel Firewood Diesel Firewood Firewood Firewood Firewood Naphtha Eceltricit Solid fuel 2. and and y y electrisity and coal and coal electricity y 11. Quantity of fuel per year: 25-30 m 25-30 m ≈ 30 m 3 ≈ 20 m 3 ≈ 5-6 m 3 ≈ 5-6 m 3 ≈ 50 m 3 ≈ 20 m 3 - ≈ 40 m 3 ≈ 30 m 3 ≈ 30 m 3 10 m 3 ? ≈ 15 m 3 -≈ 10 m 3 ≈ 5m38 tons - 8000 l. 40 m 3 20 m 3 20 m 3 30-50 m 10 тона -5т. 3. firewood firewood firewood въглища и 8 and 5 t. and 2 t. and 18 t. куб.м. 3 3 coal coal coal 3 дърва 12. Staff number: 12. Permanent: 111000031222- 1- 2 -13- 721128-10 1 1 1. 12. Seasonal: 11064404033341- 2 115-15328-10 4-6 - - 2. 13. Accomodation capacity 204038150448702650607040352095153232128611092100134incl. 140 12 11 (number of beds): bungalow 14. Accomodation capacity 20 - in 20 - in No 50 No No No No No No No No No No - No No No No No Yes No No Yes 20 tents Not Not outside the site (bungalows, the the tents, camps adjacent to the summer summer available available 14. Period of use by season In In Through In ------Summer - - Through Through Through -- 1. the whole the whole the whole the whole summer summer year summer year year year 14. Monthly average number of 80 - in 100 Spring - 200 - - Spring- Spring- Summer - Spring - Summer - Summer - Summer -Spring - Spring - Spring - Summer - Spring - Spring - - 42 - - - 2000 - - 2. visitors by season: 20, 20; 120; 40; 10; 50; 50; 20; 40; the Summer - Summer- Summer- 350; Summer - 180; 280; 35; Summer - Summer - Summer - Summer - Summer - 100, 150; 740; 180; 135; 1200; 300; 50; 50; Autumn - Autumn- Autumn- Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - summer 30, 50; 200; Autumn - 150; Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - 25; 600; 80; Autumn - 28; Winter - Winter- Winter- Winter - Winter - Winter - Winter - 5; Winter -Winter - months 10 10 250 50 100 90 60 35 30 20 150 300 5 50 15. Visitors data: -

15. Total number (average per 1000 2000 480 2000 4 4 700 4630 1180 1400 800 1020 35 355 500 580 300 80 165 - 300 3349 1700 1050 2700 14000 102 30 1. year): 15. Monthly average number of Spring - Spring - Spring - Summer - Spring-4; Spring-4; Spring- Spring- Summer - Spring - Summer - Summer - Summer -Spring - Spring - Spring - Summer - Spring - Spring - - Spring - Spring - Spring - Spring - Spring- Spring - Spring - Spring - 2. visitors by season: 60, 130; 20; 20; 120; 40; 10; 50; 50; 20; 40; 40; 270; 55; 400; 1000; 22; 10; Summer- Summer- 30; Summer - Summer - Summer - 1980; Summer- Summer- 350; Summer - 180; 280; 35; Summer - Summer - Summer - Summer - Summer - Summer - Summer - Summer - Summer- Summer - Summer - Summer - 820, 1700; 100; 150; 740; 180; 135; 1200; 300; 50; 180; 1802; Summer - 630; 2000; 4000; 15; 4; 4; 50; 66; Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - Autumn- Autumn- Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - 450; Autumn - Autumn- Autmn - Autmn - 100, 90; 30; Autumn - 50; 200; Autumn - 150; Autumn - Autumn - Autumn - 25; 600; 80; Autumn - 28; 40; 107; 180; 208; 1200; Autmn - 15; Autumn- Autumn- Autumn - Winter - Winter - Winter - Winter- Winter- Winter - Winter - Winter - Winter - 5; Winter -Winter - Winter - Winter - Winter - Winter- Winter - 8; Winter -Winter - 20 80 30 20 4 4 10 250 50 100 90 60 35. 30 20 150 300 5 50 40. 351 60. 53. 51 1200 6. 10. 15. Average number of visitors 50 150 200 400 4 4 30 20 0 50 50 100 35 4 - 30 200 40 80 - 93 692 200 75 - - 53 - 3. who stayed more than one 15. Averageih number of visitors 380 660 150 1,300 2 2 70 910 380 400 200 520 - 351 - 550 100 80 80 - 120 2657 1500 830 30 - 47 50 4. who stayed one night: 15. Average number of visitors 570 1190 1000 300 0 0 600 3700 800 950 550 400 - ???? - - - - 107 - - 353 100-300 - - 10 5. who stayed for one day but no 16. Period of functioning: Through Through Through From From From Through Through from May Through From From From July Through Through Through From Through Through From Through Through From Through Through Through Through Through June to March to March to to the whole the whole the whole the whole the whole to the whole May to May to the whole the whole the whole May to the whole the whole May to the whole the whole May to the whole the whole the whole the whole the whole Septembe Decembe Decembe Novembe year year year r r r year year October year October October r year year year October year year October year year October year year year year year 17. Provided services: Accomoda Accomoda Accomoda Accomoda Accomod Accomod No Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod - Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod Accomod tion, meals tion, meals tion, meals tion, meals ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, ation, by by by by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals by meals, preliminar preliminar beverages ation, preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar preliminar y order, y order, , y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, y order, buffet, ski buffet, ski bathroom buffet. services. services. buffet. ation. ation. buffet. buffet. buffet. buffet. buffet. buffet. buffet. ation ation ation ation buffet. buffet. buffet. buffet. buffet. buffet. meals. ation. 18. Availability of a kitchen Yes / 40 Yes / 50 Yes / 20 Yes / 40 No No No Yes/50 No Yes/50 Yes/60 Yes/50 Yes/45 Yes/35 No No No No Yes/32 - Yes / 60 Yes / 60 Yes / 30 Yes / 30 Yes/150 Yes / 120 Yes / 12 Not providing meals / kitchen available. 19. Sanitation facilities: Outdoor 2 indoor 1 indoor 4 water No No No 1 No 1 4 Indoor 2 Indoor 4 water 1 1 1 2 5 water Very No 10 water 5 water 1 1 3 water 29 indoor 4 indoor 2 outdoor toilet, suppllied Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor toilets -4, toilets, water suppllied supplied outdoor toilet toilet toilet, toilet, toilet toilet toilet toilets suppllied good suppllied toilets toilet suppllied toilets, toilets, non water water indoor и 1 toilets + 1 with 2 with 2 with 2 with 2 with 2 with 2 suppllied with 4 with 4 supplied, supplied, available toilets solid fuel bathroom sells, non sells, non water water sells, non sells, non sells, non sells, non indoor condition indoor sells, non sells, indoor water non water bathroom in in good with 2 water water with water water water water water water in good operetion condition condition showers. supplied supplied supplied supplied showers. supplied supplied supplied supplied toilets s toilets toilets supplied supplied toilets toilets supplied supplied 20. Water supply system: - 20. Type of the water source: Main Catchment Capping Capping Capping Capping Capping - Capping No Capping Capping Capping Capping Catchmen No Catchmen Capping Capping Capping - Capping Capping Catchmen Capping Capping- Capping - Capping Capping

1. water 3 t from 50 m supply 25 m 3, pipeline river does not "Ribno "Chakalit water catchmen sa- ezero" Blagoevg catchmen rad work t t lake t. t 20. Measuring of water Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Not No No No No No No No No No No No No No No. about No No No Not Not Not 2. consumption: practiced. practiced. practiced. practiced. practiced. practiced. practiced. practiced. 165 m 3 practiced practiced practiced 20.Diameter of water supply main 80 mm. 100 mm. 2 '' 100 mm. 3/4 " 3/4 " 3/4 " plastic - 3/4 " 1" 1" 100 mm. 3/4" - 3/4" 1" 63 mm. 64 mm. - 64 mm. 50 mm. 22 mm. 25 mm. 50 mm. 50 mm. 60 mm. 60 mm. 20.Number of water catchments: 1113111 - 11111- 1111- 11111211 20.Water use permit: Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No No Not Not Not 21. Wastes:

21. Accumulated quantities of solidConstruct No No Construct Construct Construct Construct No No No No No No 2,5 m 3 Domestic Solid 2m3No Construct - No 100 m 3 Wastes - No Wastes in No. No. Solid fuel 1. wastes: ion ion wastes - wastes - 6 The ion ion solid chalet is m3, ion ion wastes - domestic 2 х 3 х 1 pit - under domestic constructi wastes - 1 wastes - 5 wastes- wastes on, constructi and PVC - on m 3. wastes wastes 3 m 3 glass wastes coal wastes m 3 coal m. 6*4*3 m. wastes. 21. Solid wastes management: ------2. 21. Staff commitment to waste Chalet Chalet Chalet Chalet National National Ravni Chalet Shelter Chalet Chalet Chalet The Chalet "Rilski Chalet Forest- Manager Manager Tourists Manager Chalet Chalet Chalet Chalet Chalet Chalet Chalet 2.1 treatment: Chal turist" . Electricit Electricit Toutist Toutist division y y associatio associatio n - village n- manager manager manager manager Company Company Kostenets manager manager manager manager manager owner manager Samokov manager office manager manager manager manager manager manager manager 21. Existing practices (if any) for Waste pit Waste Waste pit Collecting Not Not Not Not Taking Not Not Not Collectin Taking Taking Collectin Near to Collectin - - Collectin Collectin Collectin Collectin Collectin Monthly Collected Collected 2.2 wastes treatment by the bins, and waste of wastes available available available available out by the available available available g of out by the out by the g of the base g of g of g of g of g of g of transport in in 22. Available facilities for wastes Waste pit Waste Waste Collecting No Not Not Plastic No Waste Waste Container Waste Container No Waste Small Container Container - 8 waste Container Container Waste plastic Polyethyl Container Bags and 2.3 collection: of wastes . and waste bins and in waste bins and bins and , plastic s, waste s, waste container bins and bins bins bags container. available available bags container. container. . bins bags bins. waste bin. . s. bins bins bins bins bags ene bags s s 21. Food wastes management: For Not Not Plastic No No No No No No No No No No Taking No - - Landfill - - For Taking Taking For Drainage Together Transport Transport 2.4 animal available - animal animal with the . for animal out by the Sapareva out to the out to the ed to a ed to a consumpt consumpt consumpt consumpt rest types ion ion available bags tourists bania ion landfill landfill ion pit of wastes landfill. landfill. 21. Types and approximate Flamable - Other - 2 PVC - 1 Food Food PVC, PVC-5 m No PVC - 2 PVC - 2 PVC - 2 - PVC -2 Domestic PVC - 15 PVC - 2 PVC - 5 PVC - 10 - - PVC - 10 PVC - 3 PVC - 2 PVC - 15 All types Plastic - Plastic - 3 3. quantities of solid wastes (m m3; glass - 3, glass-1 m 3, glass m 3, glass m 3, glass m 3; glass m 3; glass m 3; glass glass, m 3; glass m 3, glass 3; glass - per year): 1m3; m3, - 0,5 m 3, -1m3,-1m3, -5m3; -2m3;-2m3; 0.5; cans - 0,5 metal - 1 metal - 3 1,50 metals, flamable- flamable - flamable - flamable - m 3; glass m 3; glass m 3; glass -2m3;flamable - m 3; glass -15m3, 1; m 3; food m 3; food m 3; food 5m3, 2m3,2m3,2m3, 5m3; combusti - 2 m3; flamable, flamable - -3m3;-1m3; metal - 1- combusti flamable - other-1 m other - other - 1 other - 2 food - 5 flamable - flamable - куб.м m 3 /year 3 m 3. wastes wastes other 3 0,5 m 3 m 3 m 3 - 5 m 3 wastes - 4 m 3 - 1 m 3 2 m 3 m 3 10 m 3. 3 m 3. - 1 m 3. 2 m 3 of wastes. ble - 0.5 ble - 2 22. Wastewater: -

22. Existing facilities for Drainage Drainage Drainage 1 Drainage Drainage Not Not Not Drainage Concrete Concrete Drainage Drainage - Drainage No Drainage Drainage - Drainage Drainage No Drainage Drainage Three- Drainage Drainage 1. wastewater treatment (if any) : pit for toilets. Direct pit in bad pit in bad waste pit - two Drainage drainage drainage chamber water condition condition discharge into a gully. cameras pit pit s s available available available pit pit pit pit pit pit pit pit pit pit pit pit septiv pit. septic pit septic pit 22. Capacity of the facility: - 4*4*2= 6 m 38 m 34 m 34 m 3---5 m 38 m 350 m 33*4*3 m 4*2*1,5 - 8 m 3 - 20 m 3 35 m 3 - 14 m 3 28 m 3 - 8 m 3 (12*3*3) 100 m3 7 m3 2 m3 1.1 . 32 m 3. m 22.Cleaning method: - manual Not manual Not Not ------No-Pumping - - Pumping - Pumping ----Fecal Fecal Not 22. Facility status assessment: --inbadin bad destroyed in bad ------Satisfacto not good - not good - Bad leached - good Satisfacto - bad bad Good Satisfacto Bad 1.4 ry ry ry . condition condition condition condition condition condition condition condition condition condition condition condition condition 22. Availability of an external Yes -10 from from from No No Yes No No Plastic Concrete Concrete Yes - in metal - - No From the Yes-good - Yes Yes No from 1 - diam. Available Available Available 1.5 collector: chalet to chalet to pipes up collector collector . drainage drainage chalet to pipe from bungalow chalet to 150-for from the from the m to the pit - 250 pit - 50 to pipes to pipes to good external chalet to chalet to m. - m. - drainage kitchen to s to the drainage reconstru drainage dia.110 - dia.50 - the septic the septic gully PVC PVC pit pit the pit the pit condition the pit pit pit ction collector pit. pit. 22.Availability of a laundry: No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Available. Not Available. 22. Approximate quantity of ------2-1031-Periodic - 2 2.1 wastewater (m3 per month): 22. Capacity: ------10-15102-20 kg/day 100 kg. -8 2.2 . per day 22. Availability of a boiler unit for No No No No No No No No No No No No yes - not No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Available Not Not 3. heating: in operation available available 22. Type of fuel: ------Diesel - Diesel - - - firewood Naphtha - - 3.1 . 22.Connection between the boiler ------Yes-Yes---NoNot - - 22.Availability of a warehouse for ------Yes-No---Yes-Available 22. Availability and volume of the ------6-10, 800 - - - 2 -- 3.4 reservoirs for liquid fuel: reservoirs . of 30 m3 22. Number of boilers: ------1-1---1-2- - 3.5 . firewood 22.Boiler's capacity: ------90------22. Past environmental problems ------No-No---NoNo.-- 3.7 that have occurred in the 22. Wastewater recepient: Dry gully sream Dry gully sream Dry gully Dry gully Dry gully Dry gully No Dry gully r. Dry gully Dry gully river - Dry gully In r. r. - r. r. "Dolno Dry gully r. Gully Dry gully Skakavits 4. artificial Goliama Perushtits Skakavits Skakavits ezero" lake near Maliovits Maritsa to the a a Otovitsa a Lake a a river 22. River basin of the water r. r. Dinkov r. r. r. r. r. r. - r. r. r. Prava r. Beli r. Cherni - r. r. r. r. - - r. r. r. r. Iskar Dzherma Skakavits Dzherma 4.1 receiver : Mussalen dol, r. Klinovchi Granchar Kazanshi Hodzhovi Hamam Dzherma Dzherma Dzherma Dzherma Skakavits Dzherma . ska Rakovitsa Belshika tsa ska Ropalitsa ka tsa Bistritsa dere Maritsa Maritsa Iskar Iskar n n n n a n Bistritsa n river a river n river 22.Permit for discharge of No No No No No No No No No No No No No No - No No No - No - No No No No Not Not Not 23. Existing environmental Need of Not Need of Need of Not Not Construct Pollution Pollution ------The Waste Need of Pit is in No Need of Tourist Toilets Solid - - Lack of Lack of problems (if known) : of the chalet is paths are in bad waste in bad bad pass wastes - treatment treatment of the lakes near water is condition. waste water ion and to the condition through Polution treatment and condition. през coal. chalet - of "Dolno .. Piled- treatment facilities - facilities - lakes near drainage pouring treatment treatment reserve water need of ezero" up wastes pit is in Need of "Skakavit Need of domestic toilets bad sa". Need lake. from drainage drainage to the down in treatment and condition; treatment of Need of treatment solid fuel, sewerage solid treatment treatment used for facilities available pit pit available available wastes chalet system. wastes the lake facilities. facilities. facilities. facilities. facilities. facilities. . heating. 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

Appendix 4

Ranking scale

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 13 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 5. Above5000 2. StatePrivate/MunicipalCorporative 4. 1000-5000 1. Yes 1. Yes 1. Annually 1. Upto100 1. Yes 1. AsphaltRoad 1. StatePublic/MunicipalPbblic 2. No 2. No 2. Seasonally 2. No 3. Path 2. 100-500 3. 500-1000 2. 3. Private Total Score ( G. WaterSupplied WCs/Bathrooms F. FoodPreparation E. PeriodofFunctioning D. Visitors-averagenumberper 1year C. PowerSupply B. Accessibility А . Ownership М acadam Road А BCDEFG 100 +B+C+D+E+F+G) Evaluation Criteria Total G: Total D: Total C: Total E: Total B: Total Total F: А : National ParksChaletsWasteManagement:CENTRALBALKANNATIONALPARK Maximum Score 25 45 20 12 30 5 1 4 5 1 4 5 1 4 8 4 1 4 1 3 6 3 2 1 2 3 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 525 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 74 53 34 45 75 85 64 05 74 82 73 03 82 332 23 24 38 33 12 20 32 17 26 48 45 57 12 54 60 12 44 56 55 48 51 47 51 54 45 12 33 12 33 55 48 57 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12812121241212488121242012124881121124411212 2525253325252525252525252525252525252222225233

4144414144144111444414141444 4444444444444444444444444444444441444 444 444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444441444 444 444444444444444444444444 2222222 333 333333 33333 3313333333333333311333331333 33333333333333 3333333333 33 22 5353342233334335532123545342 333333 22 Momina Polyana Chalet

1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 88888Benkovski Chalet

1 Vejen Chalet Ranking ScalebyPriorities

33 Eho Chalet

Kozia Stena Chalet

44444 4 4 44 11111Haidushka Pesen Chalet

Dermenka Chalet

Dobrila Chalet

Ambaritza Chalet

Hubavetz Chalet

Balkanski Rozi Chalet

Vassil Levski Chalet

Pleven Chalet

Ravnetz Chalet

20 Rai Chalet

Taja Chalet

Mazalat Chalet

11 11 Sokolna Chalet

Rusalka Chalet

22 2 22222 Kordela Forest Home

11 11 Komitski Valog Chalet

Nezabravka Chalet

Triglav Chalet

S. Djendem Study Centre 1 1 Orlovo Gnezdo Shelter

Komfort 2000 Recreation Centre

33 Bazov Dial Station

Botev Peak - BTC 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

Appendix 5

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL

This INVESTMENT PROPOSAL has been developed on the basis of the results from the studies and analysis that were made during the implementation of the Management of Wastes and Wastewater from High-mountain Sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks Project.

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL TITLE:

MANAGEMENT OF WASTES AND WASTEWATER FROM PLEVEN CHALET AND ADJACENT SITES - SEVEREN DZHENDEM TEACHING CENTER, BASE BUZOV DIAL OF THE MOUNTAIN RESCUE SERVICE AND BUZOV DIAL DAIRY FARM, IN CENTRAL BALKAN NATIONAL PARK.

APPLICANT FOR FINANCING (DEPOSITOR OF THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL)

(Name, address, telephone numbers, facsimile, e-mail address)

......

DESCRIPTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM

(Project objectives; brief summary of the current state of the environment; possible health risks and number of population affected; history of the problem and previous actions to solve it) ¾ General park information Central Balkan National Park is among the most precious and spacious nature areas in Europe, category ІІ by the scale of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Nature Resources (IUCN). The park hosts nine reserves category I under the IUCN, with total area of more than 20 thousand hectares. Eight of these reserves, and the park as a whole, are included in the UN list of National parks and protected areas. The park protects unique self-regulating alpine ecosystems featuring specific variety of species on a territory of 71,669.5 ha. The park spans on the territory of five administrative districts (Lovech, Gabrovo, Stara Zagora, Plovdiv and Sofia), eight municipalities and borders the land of thirty three settlements. The Park hosts 28 mountain sites – chalets, shelters, recreation premises etc. In the period October 1÷20, 2002 г., during the implementation phase of the Management of wastes and wastewater from high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks Project, concrete information was collected about these sites, and particularly about the existing practices and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 15 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G collection, transportation and treatment of sewage. The analysis of collected data proved that most sites share identical practices in relation to wastes and wastewater treatment and experience similar ecological problems. On the basis of selected criteria, the sites have been ranked according to the urgency to solve existing wastes and wastewaters problems. According to that ranking, Pleven Chalet, and the adjacent sites of Severen Dzhendem Teaching Center, Buzov Dial Mountain Rescue Service base and Buzov Dial dairy farm shall receive priority for urgent solution of their problems. ¾ Current State and Essential Hygienic and Ecological Problems of Pleven Chalet, Severen Dzhendem Teaching Center, Buzov Dial Mountain Rescue Service base and Buzov Dial dairy farm Pleven Chalet is situated in a park area known as Stokite, at 1500 m above sea level. In the immediate neighborhood, at the same sea level, are located Severen Dzhendem Teaching Center of the school for mountain guides in the village of Cherni Osam, Dial Base of the Mountain Rescue service (MRS) in the town of Troyan and Buzov Dial dairy farm. Buzov Dial dairy farm is not treated as a tourist site since it does not serve such functions. The sites are accessible via an asphalt road, paralleled by tourist path, and also via tourist routes from mount Botev, Vasil Levski Chalet, Ambaritsa chalet and the village of Cherni Osam. All sites are supplied with power. Heating in the chalet is based on power and hard fuel – wood. Mainly hard fuel – wood- is used for heating at the teaching center and the RMS base. Sites operate throughout the year but the number of visitors is the highest in winter. The average annual number of visitors to Pleven Chalet amounts to some 5000 people, to Severen Dzhendem Teaching Center– about 1400 and to Buzov Dial base, which is used only for the MRS needs– some 100. Pleven Chalet has internal toilets and six baths with water supply. Severen Dzhendem Teaching Center currently has one outdoor toilet without water. Three indoors water supplied toilets and one bath are under construction. The MRS base disposes of two indoors water supplied toilets and one bathroom. A collector made of ceramic pipes takes the wastewater to separate septic tanks, which are not cleaned. Wastewater in the septic tank is subject to natural fermentation, which puts the health of the visitors and the staff at risk. In cases of occasional spillage, or filling and overflowing of the septic tank, the problem becomes complicated further more. Solid domestic wastes from the chalet and the teaching center are collected regularly to the landfills beyond the park territory. The wastes from the MRS base are collected in a specially built up to that end facility, from where they are not transported currently. Due to the lack of a method for more efficient and regular treatment of domestic wastes, and mainly due to weather phenomena, as well as human and animal interference, wastes are scattered and spread far and wide. The conclusion based on the analysis of collected data is that considering the substantial number of visitors and the absence of an efficient approach and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and wastewater at Pleven Chalet and the adjacent sites – Severen Dzhendem Teaching Center and Buzov Dial base of the MRS, it is necessary to apply concrete waste and wastewater technologies

16 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION (Action plan for problem-solving; expected results; proposed technology, technology scheme, parameters, pollutants removal efficiency, elaboration of feasible alternatives; end products) ...... COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS (Reduction of pollution caused to environmental components; abolishing of health risks; resource savings; protection of endangered species; cost-account: capital and operation expenses; possible financing of operation expenses after project completion) The major Investment proposal implementation objective is to reduce pollution of soils, surface and ground water and to contain health risks to visitors, staff and residents of neighboring settlements through application of a technology for management of solid domestic wastes and sewage treatment......

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

(Sub-sites and phases, timeframe for implementation of individual phases) ......

ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROPOSAL AND POSSIBILITIES TO PROVIDE CO-FINANCING

(Investment Proposal Cost; agreements or expressions of interest for financing by financing institutions) ......

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 17 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL TITLE:

MANAGEMENT OF WASTES AND WASTEWATER FROM RAI CHALET IN CENTRAL BALKAN NATIONAL PARK.

APPLICANT FOR FINANCING (DEPOSITOR OF THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL)

(Name, address, telephone numbers, facsimile, e-mail address)

......

DESCRIPTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM

18 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

That ranking shows that the problems of Rai chalet shall receive priority and be solved urgently. ¾ Current State of Rai Chalet and Essential Hygienic and Ecological Problems Rai Chalet is located in a park area known as Kalofer, at 1450 m above sea level. It borders a reserve zone. It is property of the Bulgarian Tourist Union. The chalet is accessible via tourist paths from the town of Kalofer, mount Botev and Vasil Levski Chalet. Power is supplied from a micro hydro-power station with limited capacity – for not more than 4 hours per day/night. Hard fuel is used for heating – wood and coal. Rai Chalet operates throughout the year but the number of visitors is the highest in summer and autumn. The average annual number of visitors amounts to some 6500 people. There are two outdoor and 6 indoor toilets. A collector made of ceramic pipes takes the wastewater to a septic tank, which is not cleaned. The wastewater in the septic tank is subject to natural fermentation, which puts the health of the visitors and the staff at risk. In cases of occasional spillage, or filling and overflowing of the septic tank, the problem becomes complicated further more. Solid domestic wastes from the chalet are collected in a facility that was specially prepared to this end– a waste pit, from which currently they are not transported. Due to the lack of a method for more efficient and regular treatment of domestic wastes, and mainly due to weather phenomena, as well as human and animal interference, wastes are scattered and spread far and wide. The conclusion based on the analysis of collected data is that considering the substantial number of visitors and the absence of an efficient approach and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and wastewater at Rai Chalet, it is necessary to apply concrete waste and wastewater technologies. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION (Action plan for problem-solving; expected results; proposed technology, technology scheme, parameters, pollutants removal efficiency, elaboration of feasible alternatives; end products) ...... COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS (Reduction of pollution caused to environmental components; abolishing of health risks; resource savings; protection of endangered species; cost-account: capital and operation expenses; possible financing of operation expenses after project completion) The major Investment proposal implementation objective is to reduce pollution of soils, surface and ground water and to contain health risks to visitors, staff and residents of neighboring settlements through application of a technology for management of solid domestic wastes and sewage treatment......

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 19 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

(Sub-sites and phases, timeframe for implementation of individual phases) ......

ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROPOSAL AND POSSIBILITIES TO PROVIDE CO-FINANCING

(Investment Proposal Cost; agreements or expressions of interest for financing by financing institutions)

......

20 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL TITLE:

MANAGEMENT OF WASTES AND WASTEWATER FROM MUSALA CHALET IN RILA NATIONAL PARK.

APPLICANT FOR FINANCING (DEPOSITOR OF THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL)

(Name, address, telephone numbers, facsimile, e-mail address)

......

DESCRIPTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM

(Project objectives; brief summary of the current state of the environment; possible health risks and number of population affected; history of the problem and previous actions to solve it) ¾ General park information Rila Park was proclaimed “people’s” on February 24, 1992, aiming to conserve the natural clusters ceramic of self-regulating eco-systems and their inherent variety of species, habitats of rare and endangered species and communities, indigenous and remarkable landscapes and sites of non-living nature of world importance for protection of biological diversity and conservation and enrichment of scientific and cultural heritage. On October 15, 1999 the Park was re-categorized to “national”. A part of it was detached to form Rila Monastery Nature Park. Rila National Park is situated in Rila Mountain in the western part of Bulgaria. The park includes the barren areas of the mountain ridge and some coniferous forest clusters below it, in the four main mountain sections: eastern, middle, southwestern and northeastern, amounting to some 30 % of the entire mountain range. Rila National Park is the biggest national park in Bulgaria and one of the biggest European Parks. The overall park area is 81 046 hectares, including 53 481 hectares of forests and 27 565 hectares of high alpine pastures and meadows. The territory of the protected area comprises the barren sub-alpine parts of the mountain ridge, above the upper end of the forest, the belt of coniferous and deciduous forest lying right below. About 100 peaks of over 2000 m above sea level are to be found within the Park area. The current alpine relief was shaped during the Wurm glaciation. Legacies of that period are more than 120 glacial lakes grouped in the high alpine areas of the river basins. The deepest among them is Okoto Lake (37,5 m), the biggest is Smradlivoto Ezero (212 decares), the highest is

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 21 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

Ledenoto Ezero (2709 m). Three of the big rivers on the Balkan Peninsula originate in the park, namely – the Iskar, the Maritsa, and the Mesta. The park comprises four reserves – first category protected areas, featuring abundance of natural eco-systems, indigenous and remarkable wild plants and animals. The area of the reserves in the park amounts to 20 % of the park territory. The Park hosts 28 mountain sites – chalets, shelters, recreation premises etc. In the period October 1÷20, 2002 г., during the implementation phase of the Management of wastes and wastewater from high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks Project, concrete information was collected about these sites, and particularly about the existing practices and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and collection, transportation and treatment of sewage. The analysis of collected data proved that most sites share identical practices in relation to wastes and wastewater treatment and experience similar ecological problems. On the basis of selected criteria, the sites have been ranked according to the urgency to solve existing wastes and wastewaters problems. That ranking shows that the problems of Maliovitsa chalet shall be solved urgently. ¾ Current State of Musala Chalet and Essential Hygienic and Ecological Problems Musala Chalet is located in Borovets park area, at 2395 m above sea level. It is owned by . It is property of the Bulgarian Tourist Union.. Access to the site is possible via the Borovets cabin lift and the tourist paths. The chalet is supplied with power. The main heating sources are hard fuel – wood, and power. ). Maliovitsa Chalet operates throughout the year but the number of visitors is the highest in summer. The average annual number of visitors amounts to some 4500 – 5000. Musala Chalet has one outdoor toilet with two cells located straight over a septic tank. The wastewater in the septic tank is subject to natural fermentation, which puts the health of the visitors and the staff at risk. In cases of occasional spillage, or filling and overflowing of the septic tank, the problem becomes complicated further more. Solid domestic wastes are collected and stored in the region of the chalet. The existing waste tank is filled. Due to the lack of a method for more efficient and regular treatment of domestic wastes, and mainly due to weather phenomena, as well as human and animal interference, wastes are scattered and spread far and wide. The conclusion based on the analysis of collected data is that considering the substantial number of visitors and the absence of an efficient approach and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and wastewater at Musala Chalet, it is necessary to apply concrete waste and wastewater technologies.. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION (Action plan for problem-solving; expected results; proposed technology, technology scheme, parameters, pollutants removal efficiency, elaboration of feasible alternatives; end products) ...... COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

22 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

(Reduction of pollution caused to environmental components; abolishing of health risks; resource savings; protection of endangered species; cost-account: capital and operation expenses; possible financing of operation expenses after project completion) The major Investment proposal implementation objective is to reduce pollution of soils, surface and ground water and to contain health risks to visitors, staff and residents of neighboring settlements through application of a technology for management of solid domestic wastes and sewage treatment......

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

(Sub-sites and phases, timeframe for implementation of individual phases) ......

ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROPOSAL AND POSSIBILITIES TO PROVIDE CO-FINANCING

(Investment Proposal Cost; agreements or expressions of interest for financing by financing institutions) ......

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 23 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL TITLE:

MANAGEMENT OF WASTES AND WASTEWATER FROM MALIOVITSA CHALET IN RILA NATIONAL PARK

APPLICANT FOR FINANCING (DEPOSITOR OF THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL)

(Name, address, telephone numbers, facsimile, e-mail address) ......

DESCRIPTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM (Project objectives; brief summary of the current state of the environment; possible health risks and number of population affected; history of the problem and previous actions to solve it) ¾ General park information Rila Park was proclaimed “people’s” on February 24, 1992, aiming to conserve the natural clusters of self-regulating eco-systems and their inherent variety of species, habitats of rare and endangered species and communities, indigenous and remarkable landscapes and sites of non-living nature of world importance for protection of biological diversity and conservation and enrichment of scientific and cultural heritage. On October 15, 1999 the Park was re-categorized to “national”. A part of it was detached to form Rila Monastery Nature Park. Rila National Park is situated in Rila Mountain in the western part of Bulgaria. The park includes the barren areas of the mountain ridge and some coniferous forest clusters below it, in the four main mountain sections: eastern, middle, southwestern and northeastern, amounting to some 30 % of the entire mountain range. Rila National Park is the biggest national park in Bulgaria and one of the biggest European Parks. The overall park area is 81 046 hectares, including 53 481 hectares of forests and 27 565 hectares of high alpine pastures and meadows. The territory of the protected area comprises the barren sub-alpine parts of the mountain ridge, above the upper end of the forest, the belt of coniferous and deciduous forest lying right below. About 100 peaks of over 2000 m above sea level are to be found within the Park area. The current alpine relief was shaped during the Wurm glaciation. Legacies of that period are more than 120 glacial lakes grouped in the high alpine areas of the river basins. The deepest among them is Okoto Lake (37,5 m), the biggest is Smradlivoto Ezero (212 decares), the highest is Ledenoto Ezero (2709 m). Three of the big rivers on the Balkan Peninsula originate in the park, namely – the Iskar, the Maritsa, and the Mesta. The park comprises four reserves –

24 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom first category protected areas, featuring abundance of natural eco-systems, indigenous and remarkable wild plants and animals. The area of the reserves in the park amounts to 20 % of the park territory. The Park hosts 28 mountain sites – chalets, shelters, recreation premises etc. In the period October 1÷20, 2002 г., during the implementation phase of the Management of wastes and wastewater from high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks Project, concrete information was collected about these sites, and particularly about the existing practices and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and collection, transportation and treatment of sewage. The analysis of collected data proved that most sites share identical practices in relation to wastes and wastewater treatment and experience similar ecological problems. On the basis of selected criteria, the sites have been ranked according to the urgency to solve existing wastes and wastewaters problems. That ranking shows that the problems of Maliovitsa chalet shall be solved urgently. ¾ Current State of Maliovitsa Chalet and Essential Hygienic and Ecological Problems Maliovitsa Chalet is located in a park area known as Govedartsi, at 1986 m above sea level. It is property of the Bulgarian Tourist Union. Due to the great elevation above sea level, the chalet is accessible only via a tourist path. The chalet is supplied with power. Power is used for heating (electric heaters) but hard fuel is also used for heating purposes – wood (local heating unit). Maliovitsa Chalet operates throughout the year but the number of visitors is the highest in summer. The average annual number of visitors amounts to some 6000 people. There are a common bathroom, toilets at each floor, and an outdoor toilet at Maliovitsa Chalet. A collector made of concrete pipes takes the wastewater to a tri- section septic tank, which is in a poor condition and is not cleaned. Wastewater in the septic tank is subject to natural fermentation, which puts the health of the visitors and the staff at risk. In cases of occasional spillage, or filling and overflowing of the septic tank, the problem becomes complicated further more. Solid domestic wastes are collected and stored in the region of the chalet. The existing waste tank is filled. Due to the lack of a method for more efficient and regular treatment of domestic wastes, and mainly due to weather phenomena, as well as human and animal interference, wastes are scattered and spread far and wide. The conclusion based on the analysis of collected data is that considering the substantial number of visitors and the absence of an efficient approach and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and wastewater at Maliovitsa Chalet, it is necessary to apply concrete waste and wastewater technologies. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION (Action plan for problem-solving; expected results; proposed technology, technology scheme, parameters, pollutants removal efficiency, elaboration of feasible alternatives; end products) ...... COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 25 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROPOSAL AND POSSIBILITIES TO PROVIDE CO-FINANCING

(Investment Proposal Cost; agreements or expressions of interest for financing by financing institutions) ......

26 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL TITLE:

MANAGEMENT OF WASTES AND WASTEWATER FROM RILSKI EZERA CHALET IN RILA NATIONAL PARK.

APPLICANT FOR FINANCING (DEPOSITOR OF THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL) (Name, address, telephone numbers, facsimile, e-mail address) ......

DESCRIPTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM (Project objectives; brief summary of the current state of the environment; possible health risks and number of population affected; history of the problem and previous actions to solve it) ¾ General park information Rila Park was proclaimed “people’s” on February 24, 1992, aiming to conserve the natural clusters ceramic of self-regulating eco-systems and their inherent variety of species, habitats of rare and endangered species and communities, indigenous and remarkable landscapes and sites of non-living nature of world importance for protection of biological diversity and conservation and enrichment of scientific and cultural heritage. On October 15, 1999 the Park was re-categorized to “national”. A part of it was detached to form Rila Monastery Nature Park. Rila National Park is situated in Rila Mountain in the western part of Bulgaria. The park includes the barren areas of the mountain ridge and some coniferous forest clusters below it, in the four main mountain sections: eastern, middle, southwestern and northeastern, amounting to some 30 % of the entire mountain range. Rila National Park is the biggest national park in Bulgaria and one of the biggest European Parks. The overall park area is 81 046 hectares, including 53 481 hectares of forests and 27 565 hectares of high alpine pastures and meadows. The territory of the protected area comprises the barren sub-alpine parts of the mountain ridge, above the upper end of the forest, the belt of coniferous and deciduous forest lying right below. About 100 peaks of over 2000 m above sea level are to be found within the Park area. The current alpine relief was shaped during the Wurm glaciation. Legacies of that period are more than 120 glacial lakes grouped in the high alpine areas of the river basins. The deepest among them is Okoto Lake (37,5 m), the biggest is Smradlivoto Ezero (212 decares), the highest is Ledenoto Ezero (2709 m). Three of the big rivers on the Balkan Peninsula originate in the park, namely – the Iskar, the Maritsa, and the Mesta. The park comprises four reserves –

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 27 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G first category protected areas, featuring abundance of natural eco-systems, indigenous and remarkable wild plants and animals. The area of the reserves in the park amounts to 20 % of the park territory. The Park hosts 28 mountain sites – chalets, shelters, recreation premises etc. In the period October 1÷20, 2002, during the implementation phase of the Management of wastes and wastewater from high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks Project, concrete information was collected about these sites, and particularly about the existing practices and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and collection, transportation and treatment of sewage. The analysis of collected data proved that most sites share identical practices in relation to wastes and wastewater treatment and experience similar ecological problems. On the basis of selected criteria, the sites have been ranked according to the urgency to solve existing wastes and wastewaters problems. That ranking shows that the problems of Maliovitsa chalet shall be solved urgently. ¾ Current State of Rilski Ezera Chalet and Essential Hygienic and Ecological Problems Rilski Ezera Chalet is located in a park area known as Dupnitsa, at 2150 m above sea level. It is property of the Bulgarian Tourist Union Access to the site is possible via a black road and tourist paths. The chalet is supplied with power. Liquid fuel – naphtha - is used for heating.. Rilski Ezera Chalet operates throughout the year but the number of visitors is the highest in summer. The average annual number of visitors amounts to some 14000. The total number of toilets at Rilski Ezera Chalet is 29 – in rooms and common. A collector takes the wastewater to a tri-section septic tank, which is cleaned once in 1-2 years. The wastewater in the septic tank is subject to natural fermentation, which puts the health of the visitors and the staff at risk. In cases of occasional spillage, or filling and overflowing of the septic tank, the problem becomes complicated further more. Solid domestic wastes are collected and stored in the region of the chalet and are regularly transported to the landfill of Sapareva Banya. Due to the lack of a method for more efficient and regular treatment of domestic wastes, and mainly due to weather phenomena, as well as human and animal interference, wastes are scattered and spread far and wide. The conclusion based on the analysis of collected data is that considering the substantial number of visitors and the absence of an efficient approach and facilities for collection and treatment of solid domestic wastes and wastewater at Rilski Ezera Chalet, it is necessary to apply concrete waste and wastewater technologies. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION (Action plan for problem-solving; expected results; proposed technology, technology scheme, parameters, pollutants removal efficiency, elaboration of feasible alternatives; end products) ...... COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

28 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

INVESTMENT PROPOSAL IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE (Sub-sites and phases, timeframe for implementation of individual phases) ......

ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROPOSAL AND POSSIBILITIES TO PROVIDE CO-FINANCING

(Investment Proposal Cost; agreements or expressions of interest for financing by financing institutions) ......

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 29 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

Appendix 6

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

(sample)

for

selection of CONSULTANT FOR preparation of detailed design

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

Site: ......

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 31 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

А. INVITATION TO BIDDERS.

......

ANNOUNCEMENT

Bidding procedure for selection of a Consultant for preparation of detailed designs for a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at ......

Interested Bidders may obtain additional information and review the bidding documents at the following address:

......

The Bidding documents may be purchased at the address above against payment of a non- refundable fee of BGN ......

Bids shall be submitted to the address above by ...... hours, on ...... and shall be accompanied by a deposit receipt in evidence of a Bid Security amounting to . . . BGN ...... (...... ), paid to the following account:

Bank ...... Bank code: ...... Account №: ......

Bids shall be valid for a period of 90 calendar days from the date of opening.

Bids will be opened in the presence of Bidders’ representatives who may choose to attend at ...... hours., on ...... , in the municipal hall.

32 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

B. INFORMATION for BIDDERS.

І. INSTRUCTION TO BIDDERS

1. Bidders are invited to submit bids comprising technical and financial proposals for preparation of detailed designs for Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) – ...... 2. Each Bidder shall be entitled to submit one Bid only. Any Bidder who has submitted more than one bid shall be disqualified. 3. Bids shall be submitted in sealed non-transparent envelopes and may be handed over by the Bidder or its representative, either by hand, or by mail. The bid shall be submitted in one original and two copies. In case of discrepancies between them, the Original shall prevail. 4. Any Bids received after the deadline will be returned unopened to the respective Bidder. 5. Bidders shall propose one technical solution. Alternative solutions will not be considered. 6. The awarded Bidder, with whom the Employer will sign a Contract for preparation of Detailed Designs, shall not have the right in any way to participate in the bid /tender for selection of contractors for construction and installation works and procurement of plant and machinery under the project. 7. Any inquiries concerning the Bidding Documents shall be sent in writing to the Employer not later than 15 days prior to the Bid Opening date. The Employer will respond in writing to all written esquires that have been submitted. 8. The Employer may amend the Bidding Documents after the Bid has been announced by written notification to all interested Bidders, and, if necessary, shall extend the deadline for submission of Bids. 9. The Bidders shall bear all costs associated with the preparation of their Bids. 10. No amendments can be made to the Bids after Bid opening. 11. The time for preparation of the detailed design shall be 6 (six) months from the date of contract signing. Bidders that have offered shorter delivery time …. [ missing part of the sentence ], and Bidders that have offered longer delivery time shall be disqualified.

ІІ. BID CONTENTS AND VOLUME.

Each Bid shall comprise the following documents: ♦ bid form ( as per the attached form); ♦ copy of company registration decision; ♦ copy of VAT registration (if any); ♦ receipt for a paid Bid Security deposit in the amount stated in the Invitation to Bidders; ♦ technical bid ♦ financial bid

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 33 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

ІІІ. TECHNICAL BIDS.

ANY TECHNICAL BIDS SUBMITTED BY BIDDERS SHALL BE BASED ON THE DOCUMENTS PROVIDED IN ATTACHMENTS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 AND 9 AND SHALL COMPRISE THE FOLLOWING PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS:

TEXT SECTION 1. Justification of the proposed technical option and basic dimensions of equipment. 2. Major features of the proposed technical equipment. 3. Technical and financial indicators: 3.1. Capital expenses for WWTP construction in relation with Construction and Installation Works and Plant and Machinery; 3.2 Consumption per diem of: – chemicals and consumables; – electricity; 3.3. Number of operational staff ;

GRAPHIC SECTION

/DRAWINGS AND DIAGRAMS/ 1. Flow diagram and technical parameters. 2. Situation: scale 1:500 or 1:1000. 3. Height diagram. 4. Schematic drawings of the main buildings and facilities и съоръжения. 5. Additional data at Bidder’s discretion.

ІV. FINANCIAL BIDS. Bidders shall offer a price for preparation of detailed designs for a WWTP ...... ……following the format below:

№ Activity (Section) Price (BGN) 1 Technology 2 Construction and structures 3 Plant and equipment Машинно–конструктивна 4 Architecture 5 Furniture (incl. laboratory) 6 Heating and Cooling 6SCADA 7 Heavy current 8 Internal water supply and sewage 9 Site communication 10 Site water supply and sewage 11 Vertical planning and roads 12 Urbanization and landscaping 13 Security fence 14 Road 15 Discharge in receiver 16 Bills of quantities at average prices (for the country) and price of the offered technical equipment 17 External power supply TOTAL

34 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

BIDDERS MAY ADD ITEMS AT THEIR DISCRETION.

V. QUALIFICATION OF BIDDERS.

Bidders shall submit data proving their qualification, in compliance with the Qualification form (Section E).

Bidders may add extra data related to qualification at their discretion.

VІ. BID EVALUATION CRITERIA:

А. Evaluation of Technical criteria: Criterion Maximum number of points 1. Specific company experience in design of similar projects 10 2. Level of technological and technical solution 50 3. Specific experience of key personnel 40 Total (Тev.) : 100

Each Bid will receive the respective number of points – Тeval BIDS THAT HAVE RECEIVED LESS THAN 75 POINTS SHALL NOT BE EVALUATED BY FINANCIAL CRITERIA.

B. Evaluation by financial criteria.

The lowest financial Bid ( Pmin) shall receive 100 points. The number of points of other Bids will be calculated by the following formula:

Feval. = Pmin х 100/ Pbid

C. Final Bid evaluation . The final Bid evaluation shall be calculated by the formula:

Кeval = Тeval х Кt + Feval х Кf, where: Кт = 0,8 (weight of the technical solution) Кf = 0,2 (weight of the financial bid)

The Bid for preparation of detailed designs shall be awarded to the Bidder whose Bid has received the highest final evaluation score.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 35 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

C. BID FORM

BID

To ...... ;

Dear Mr. Mayor;

Hereby we, ...... (name of company ) offer to prepare a detailed design for a Wastewater Treatment Plant of ...... for a period of 3 (three) months, amounting to ...... (insert, in figures and in words, the amount stated in the financial proposal) without VAT.

Date: Yours faithfully:

...... (stamped and signed by the authorized person)

36 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

D. DRAFT-CONTRACT

CONTRACT (DRAFT)

Today ……………...... in the town of Sofia between: ...... , with main office and address: city of ...... , ...... street . represented by ...... , hereinafter called ‘the Employer’, of the one part

and

...... , city ...... ; BULSTAT №...... with main office and address: city of...... , ...... street. . № . . . . , represented by ...... holding the position of ...... , hereinafter called “the Contractor” of the other part

This CONTRACT was signed,

WHEREAS the Employer requests, and the Contractor agrees to prepare a Detailed Design, subject to this contract.

1. Subject of contract.

1.1. The Contractor shall prepare a Detailed Design (DD) of a Waste Water Treatment Plant - ...... , in line with the Contractor’s Bid which is an integral part of this Contract;

1.2. The Contractor shall prepare the detailed design under para 1 with the help of the staff specified in the Bid.

2. Contract validity

The Contractor shall prepare the detailed design, subject of this Contract within 3 /three/ months from the date of Contract signing and transfer of advance payment, or any other period which may further be agreed in writing between the parties.

3. Payment.

А. Price. For the detailed design, subject of this contract, the Employer shall pay the Contractor the amount of …………………..BGN. This amount shall include all expenses of the Contractor, and all tax liabilities.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 37 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

The Employer shall pay the amount due in Bulgarian Leva against submission of Contractor’s invoices in compliance with the payment schedule hereunder.

B. Payment Schedule:

Payments shall be made as follows:

10% of the Contract Price - Upon receipt of the signed copy of this Contract by the Contractor;

70% of the Contract Price - after submission of the Detailed design, accompanied by an original invoice and Acceptance Certificate containing a description, signed by both parties;

20% of the Contract Price - upon final acceptance and approval of the Detailed design by the Employer, against submission of an original invoice and final Acceptance Certificate.

4. Project Management

А. Coordinator The Employer selects ...... , to be Coordinator for the Employer. The Coordinator shall be responsible for coordination of all activities under this contract, for acceptance and approval of reports, designs etc. documents, delivered by the Contractor, as well as for reception and approval of payment invoices.

B. Reports, detailed designs etc. documents The reports, detailed designs etc. documents, which are to be delivered in 4 (four) copies in compliance with the requirements for the contents and volume specified in the Bid, shall serve as payment justification, as per para 3 of the Contract.

5. Quality of performance

The Contractor shall draw up the detailed designs in compliance with the Bulgarian standards and rules for design works. The Contractor shall remove and respectively substitute the specialists engaged under this project, who are considered to be inappropriate by the Employer, after a mutual agreement.

5.1. General guarantees and obligations:

5.1.1. The Contractor shall guarantee that the quality of the Detailed design and its completeness will secure the achievement of all indicators of the technological diagram specified in the Bid. The Contractor shall, in close cooperation with the Employer, aim to optimize the design in terms of technical requirements, minimum cost, high quality of performance and completion of engineering tasks within the planned time.

38 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

5.1.2. All studies and drawings shall be free of omissions and mistakes that may impact safety and proper and efficient functioning of the treatment plant. 5.1.3. Any omissions and mistakes due to the Contractor’ fault shall be removed at its expense. Cost related to removal of omissions and mistakes shall include modifications of designs, amendments on site and supervision during site amendments. 5.1.4. The Contractor shall exercise designer’s supervision during the period of construction of the treatment plant, after signing of an in independent contract.

5.2. Acceptance.

5.2.1. Conditional Acceptance Conditional Acceptance takes place after delivery of the detailed design (DD) to the Employer. The Employer shall convene a Council of technical experts within 15 business days after the design has been delivered. The Council shall adopt conditionally the DD and shall prescribes measures for removal of omissions and/or mistakes, as well as for preparation of supplements to the DD, if necessary, within the defined time frame. The Employer and Contractor shall sign a Conditional Acceptance Certificate after the Conditional Acceptance of DD by the Council. The certificate may serve to justify the interim payment as per para 3 of this Contract. 5.2.2. Final Acceptance Final Acceptance is effected within 15 business days after removal of omissions, mistakes, and/or preparation of supplements, after their being accepted by the Council of technical experts. The Employer and Contractor shall sign a Final Acceptance Certificate after the Final Acceptance of the DD by the Council. The certificate may serve to justify the final payment, as per para 3 of this Contract.

5.3. Additional information. The Employer shall provide duly all the information related to the preparation of DD, which has been requested in writing by the Contractor.

5.4. Liquidated damages for delays. In case of default, delay or poor performance of obligations under this Contract, the Contractor shall owe the Employer an indemnity equal to 0.5 % of the Contract Price per day, but as a whole, not more than 12 % of the amount under para 3–А. In such a case the Employer shall have the right to terminate the Contract with a written notice to the Contractor sent by registered letter.

5.5. Force majeure events. Contract Termination. 5.5.1. Should any force majeure events occur, which impede the performance of the Contractor’s obligations under this Contract, the latter shall notify the Employer not later than 24 after the occurrence, and shall undertake all required measures to limit the adverse consequences thereof. In any such case, the parties shall draw a protocol of findings and shall agree on measures for removal of those consequences in view of Contract implementation.

5.5.2. Should the Contract be terminated due to impeded performance arising from any of the causes under para.5.5.1., the Employer shall pay the Contractor the actual costs incurred until the time of Contract termination. The amount of costs shall be established by means of a bilateral protocol.

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 39 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

6. Confidentiality

The Contractor shall not disclose, at all times during contract implementation of this Contract and 2 years after its completion, any confidential information in relation with the services under this contract or the business of the Employer, without prior written consent of the Employer.

7. Property rights on DD

Any studies, reports, or other materials, diagrams, software or other, prepared by the Contractor under the scope of this contract, shall be property of the Employer.

8. Subsequent limitations to Contractor

The Contractor shall agree that at the time of this Contract implementation and following its completion, neither the Contractor and /nor any of its associates will participate in any supply of services, procurement and/or works for any project which has resulted from, or is related to the supplies, works and services under this contract.

9. Sub-contractors and transfer of Contract. The Contractor shall not transfer this Contract, nor assign parts thereof without a prior consent in writing by the Employer. 10. Contract Amendments.

Any amendments and supplements to this contract shall be made by mutual agreement between the parties and by signing of annex agreements.

11. Final Provisions.

11.1. All issues that have not been provided for under this contract shall be referred to the Obligations and Contracts Law and the relevant current legislation. 11.2. Any disputes between the parties, on which they fail to agree, shall be referred for consideration and solution to the Arbitration Court at the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Sofia, and shall be governed by its Rules for cases based on arbitration agreements. 11.3. This contract was effected in two identical copies – one for each of the parties.

For the Employer: For the Contractor: ......

......

40 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

Appendix 7

……………..

Bidding Documents

for

CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION WORKS OF:

……………......

APPROVED BY:

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 41 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

CONTENTS OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS

А. Invitation to Bidders.

B. Bid Data Sheet - Description of Bid Subject.

C. Information for Bidders.

D. Bid form.

E. Draft contract.

F. Bidder’s Qualification form.

G. Attachments:

Attachment №1: C&IW Schedule [Schedule of Requirements] - accomplishment of construction and mounting activities

Attachment №2: Bills of Quantity

42 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

A. INVITATION TO BIDDERS

……………..

INVITATION TO BID (BID)

……………..– city…………….., tel.: …………….., fax: …………….., in relation to order № …...... /....…...... 2002 of ……………..and resting on a signed contract for earmarked financing with …………….., invites bids for implementation of the following project: “……………..”.

The project implementation period shall be …. (in words) calendar days from the date of contract signing.

The offered price in Bulgarian leva shall be final and shall comprise all expenses for project implementation to be incurred by the Bidders.

The amount of the Bid Security shall be BGN ……………… (in words), payable by a bank transfer to the following bank account: town of …………….., № ...... ………….... TB ………………….., bank code ………………. ., BIN ……………………., or at the cash desk of ……………..

The Bidding documents for bid participation may be purchased and obtained by bidders at …………….., floor ....., room ....., at the price of BGN….. ( in words).

The participants shall lay out their Bids in compliance with the requirements in the bidding documents and shall submit them, in pursuance with the relevant procedure, to the Registration office of …………….., floor ....., room ....., by ………. hours, on …………..

The Bids will be opened in the presence of Bidders’ representative(s), and reviewed and evaluated by the committee on ………….. , at, ………..in the building of ………… ……………...

The designs will be available to Bidders for review in room ...... , from ...... to ...... hours, after purchasing of a set of bidding documents.

Telephone for additional information and enquiries: ......

……………………………. (……………..)

Management of Wastes and Wastewater 43 at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Economic G

B. INFORMATION FOR BIDDERS

І. GENERAL INSTRUCTION TO BIDDERS All Bidders are invited to submit Bids comprising Technical and Financial conditions for implementation of the Project ...... ”.

1. Each Bidder shall be entitled to submit one Bid only. Any Bidder who has submitted more than one bid shall be disqualified. 2. Bids ( full set of the documents required in these Bidding Documents) shall be submitted in one original and two copies, with initialed pages, in sealed non- transparent envelopes with the name of the Bidder on, and may be handed over by the Bidder or its representative, either by hand, or by mail. In case of discrepancies between them, the Original shall prevail. 3. Any Bids received after the deadline will be returned unopened to the respective Bidder. 4. The Project implementation shall be carried out according to the Construction Implementation Schedule (Attachment №1 to the Draft-contract) and the Bill of Quantity (Attachment №2 to the Draft-contract). 5. The signed Contract Price shall be fixed and expressed in BGN. 6. The starting point of internal gasification is the outlet flange of the gas-metering facility. 7. The Bidders shall propose in their Bids complete turn-key engineering solutions for all sites, namely: – - construction of a WWTP; – - delivery of equipment ( according to the enclosed BoQ); – - installation, fine-tuning, commissioning, warranty and post-warranty services of equipment. 8. The Bidder shall specify the origin and type of proposed equipment and its technical parameters. 9. Any inquiries concerning the Bidding Documents shall be sent in writing to the Employer not later than 15 days prior to the Bid Opening date. The Employer will respond in writing to all written esquires that have been submitted. 10. The Employer may amend the Bidding Documents after the Bid has been announced by written notification to all interested Bidders, and, if necessary, shall extend the deadline for submission of Bids. 11. The Bidders shall bear all costs associated with the preparation of their Bids. 12. No amendments can be made to the Bids after Bid opening.

ІІ. BID CONTENTS AND VOLUME Each Bid shall comprise the following documents: 1. Bid form as per the attached form (section D.); 2. Draft contract signed by the Bidder (section E.), comprising the following attachments: − Attachment №1: Construction and Installation Implementation Schedule − Attachment №2: Bill of Quantity 3. Certificates for the proposed equipment (if required); 4. copy of company registration decision; 5. copy of VAT registration

44 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom

6. copy of company tax registration; 7. receipt for a paid Bid Security deposit in the amount stated in Section A. Invitation to Bidders; (Bid notice); 8. Certificate that the Bidder has not been declared insolvent; 9. Certificate that the Bidder has not been sentenced for bankruptcy; 10. Certificate that the Bidder is not in liquidation; 11. Certificate that the Bidder has no liabilities to the state established by an effective act issued by a competent authority, or any liabilities to social security funds; 12. Bidder’s statement that it has not been deprived of the right to do business; 13. Bidder’s statement that it has not been sentenced with an effective verdict for a crime against property or national economy, except if rehabilitated; 14. Copy of the Bidder’s annual Balance of Payments and Income and Expense Statement for the latest 3 /three/ years .

III. BID EVALUATION CRITERIA Selection and weight of criteria in the comprehensive evaluation of Bids shall be performed in the following manner:

1. The criteria under para ІІ in Section C. INFORMATION FOR BIDDERS shall have absolute weight – i.e. all Bidders shall meet those criteria. Bidders that have failed to meet some criteria or have failed to submit the required evidence shall be disqualified. 2. The evaluation of the most advantageous financial Bid shall be based on evaluation of the following criteria: 2.1. A list of the Bids shall be prepared according to the offered price. 2.2. The Bids shall be reviewed one by one in terms of compliance with the requirements of the criteria under para IV in C. . INFORMATION FOR BIDDERS, starting from the Bid offering the lowest price. 2.3. The Bid offering the lowest price shall be ranked first, if it also meets all the requirements of the criteria under para IV in C. . INFORMATION FOR BIDDERS.

IV. QUALIFICATION OF BIDDERS Bidders shall submit information to prove their qualification (in accordance with F. QUALIFICATION FORM )

V. SUBCONTRACTORS 1. Each Bidder shall submit full information about its sub-contractors, in compliance with the contents and volume required in paras. ІІand ІІІ of this instruction. 2. The Bidder shall specify the works, and their respective cost, which will be performed by the sub-contractors. The total cost of the works to be performed by the sub- contractors shall not exceed 50% of the proposed total Bid price for project implementation. 3. The Bidder shall present an intended framework agreement or contract with the proposed sub-contractors, if any.

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C. BID FORM

BID

TO ......

Dear Mr. ………………………………,

Hereby we ………………...... (name of company) offer to provide “...... ” within a period of …… (in words) calendar days, to the amount of BGN…………………………………. (in figures and words) without VAT.

The required advance payment amounts to: 1/ ………………… % (up to 10%) of the above amount, totaling BGN ……………………………. in figures and words) without VAT for commencement of construction works; 2/ …… of the above amount, totaling BGN……………………………. ( insert in figures and words the amount stated in the financial proposal) without VAT for supply of equipment.

Date: Yours faithfully:

………………………………………. (stamped and signed by the authorized person)

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D. DRAFT CONTRACT

CONTRACT (draft)

Today …………… in the town of ……………………….between………- town of…… …………….., hereinafter called ‘the Employer’, of the one part and ………………………………………………………………………………, represented by …………………………………………………….., hereinafter called ‘the Contractor”, of the other part

This CONTRACT was signed,

WHEREAS:

І. SUBJECT OF CONTRACT 1. The Employer requests and the Contractor accepts to perform the Projects “……………..”.

ІІ. IMPLEMENTATION TIME FRAME 2. The Contractor shall complete the project, subject to this contract, within the time frame specified in the Construction and Installation Works Implementation Schedule, which shall be an integral part of this contract (Attachment №1), but not later than within …… (in words) calendar days after signing of this contract and of the protocol of findings for site possession.

ІІІ. CONTRACT PRICE AND METHOD OF PAYMENT 3. The price of projects shall be in Bulgarian leva, as negotiated between the parties . 4.The Contract Price is …………………… (in words …………………………………… ………………………………………….) Bulgarian leva without VAT. The Price is final and shall not be subject to amendments. 5. Types of activities, quantities and unit prices are specified in the Bill of Quantity (Attachment №2) and shall not be subject to amendments. 6. The Advance Payment is up to 10 % of the amount in para. 4, and the respective part of the advance payment shall be deducted from the amount of effected monthly payments. 7. The Employer shall pay the Contractor for the effected deliveries of equipment in accordance with Attachment № 2 to the Contract, as follows: – Advance payment – …………. % equal to …………………… (in words ………….……………. …………………………………………………) BGN upon submission by the Contractor of an original invoice for the relevant amount; – The remaining ………. % equal to ……………… (in words ………….……………….………… …………………………………………) BGN after: • Supply of equipment on site and delivery to the Employer by signing of an Acceptance Certificate;

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• Submission, by the Contractor, of original invoices to be issued in stages, following the supply and delivery of the respective equipment. 8. All expenses in excess of the Contract Price, including any such costs as additional and contingency works, due to the Contractor’s fault, shall be at the expense of the Contractor, except when they are caused by a force majeure event. 9. The expenses due to a force majeure event shall be established by an annex agreement. 10. The Employer may request additional construction and installation works related to site construction which are beyond amount specified in para.4 which shall be subject to further agreement to this contract. Any additional C&IW shall be paid at the unit prices stated in Attachment №2 of the Contract. 11. The payments for C&IW performed by the Contractor shall be made monthly, within 10 days after submission of an Acceptance Certificate (Form No .19) and an invoice, signed by the Contractor and the Employer. 12. Monthly payments shall amount to 90% of stated C&IW. When the total amount of paid up sums reaches 90% of the amount under para.4, the Employer shall stop payment under the Contract. The remaining 10% will be paid to the Contractor within 5 days after issuance of the Construction Usage Permit. 13. In case any omitted or incomplete works are established, as well as any deficiencies, the Employer shall be entitled to withhold payments until these have been performed/completed, or , in case of deficiencies, removed.

ІV. SUB-CONTRACTORS 14. The Contractor may sign contracts with Sub-contractors only after the express approval of the Employer. The Employer’s approval shall be given in writing. The Sub-contractors’ obligations shall not relieve the Contractor’s from any liabilities under this contract.

V. STAFF 15. For Contract Implementation under para.1 the Contractor shall chiefly engage the staff specified in section F. QUALIFICATION FORM of the Bidding Documents. Any replacement of Key Project Implementation Staff for the Contract with staff having the same or better qualifications shall only be allowed with the prior written consent of the Employer.

VI. EMPLOYER’S RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 16. To hand over the site for commencement of works by issuing Statement [Act] form No 2. 17. To disclose in writing, within three days after Contract signing, the names of persons to perform construction supervision, including investor’s control on the relevant sections. 18. To prepare and provide the required documents - Employer’s responsibility in pursuance of Regulation No 6/99 for State Acceptance and Usage Permit for Constructions in the Republic of Bulgaria – for the acceptance committee. 19. The Employer, at all times, shall be entitled to make inspections on the implementation of the Contract by the Contractor, through authorized persons. The Employer shall make contract payments, if the Contractor performs in good faith its obligations under this contract.

VII. CONTRACTOR’S RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 20. The Contractor shall implement the works within the agreed time and with good quality, in line with the design, and in observance of the effective standards and codes, and

48 Management of Wastes and Wastewater at high-mountain sites in Rila and Central Balkan National Parks 2003 Biodiversity Conservation & Econom regulations, and in compliance with Regulation No 6 for state Acceptance and permission of construction usage in Bulgaria. 21. The Contractor, within 10 days after Contract signing, shall submit to the Employer the Construction and Installation Works Implementation Schedule, which shall become an integral part of this contract (Attachment №1) after being signed by both parties and shall be a condition precedent of this contract. 22. The Contractor shall execute all orders entered in the Book of ordinances, after consultations with the Employer. The Contractor, at all times, shall provide access to persons authorized by the Employer and to the Independent Construction Supervisors (ICS) for inspections on the progress of Contract Implementation. 23. The Contractor shall secure the site and shall observe the requirements for safety, labor hygiene and fire protection during construction preparation, C&IW implementation, start- up and tuning, and site commissioning. . The Contractor shall submit to the Employer instructions on Labor safety and Fire Safety related to the relevant works, labor safety certificates, qualification certificates [permits] of welders, crane operators, and tacklers. . The Contractor shall, in conjunction with the Employer’s representative, draw up a protocol for implementation of the arrangements for personal security and labor safety. 24. The Contractor shall draw up and submit to the Employer two sets of ‘as built’ drawings, laid out and signed by s Designer, Contractor and Employer prior to receipt of a Usage permit. 25. The Contractor shall observe the relevant BSS [Bulgarian State Standards] and the current legislation; and shall perform all C&IW in line with the approved designs. 26. The Contractor shall draw up and submit to the Employer all statements for start-up and tuning works, statements for successful completion of the 72–hour test of the installed plant and equipment, statements for single tests, coordination and permit documents, as required under the active legislation, as well as any required documents for site handover with a Usage permit. 27. The Contractor shall inform the Employer, within seven days after signing of this contract, of the officials who will be authorized to represent the Contractor, and shall also immediately advise him of any changes that may have occurred in this respect. 28. The Contractor shall inform the Employer, at least seven days 7 days prior to signing of the respective statements [Acts] for Acceptance of completed phases, stages, sub-projects, facilities etc. 29. The Contractor shall inform the Employer, within 24 hours of any unforeseen circumstances preventing the Contract implementation, and of the measures taken to overcome them. 30. The materials and equipment shall be agreed between the Employer and Contractor in terms of type, quality and prices, within the range of the contract prices. 31. The Contractor shall guarantee that any faults or defect established in the warranty period will be duly removed, in compliance with Regulation №6 for State Acceptance and permission of usage of constructions in the Republic of Bulgaria .

VIІI. DEFAULT DUE TO FORCE MAJEURE 32. If a force majeure situation arises, preventing the Contractor from performing its obligations under the Contract, the Contractor shall inform the Employer thereof, not later than in 24 hours, and shall undertake all reasonable measures for limitation of the adverse consequences. In such cases, the parties shall draw up a statement of findings and agree on measures for removal of these consequences with regard to Contract implementation.

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33. In case the Contract is terminated, because of impeded performance, due to any of the reasons under para.32, the Employer shall pay the Contractor for the costs that have actually been incurred until the time of Contract termination. The amount of costs shall be established by a bilateral protocol.

IX. CONTRACTOR’S DEFAULT, PENALTIES, INDEMNITIES AND LIABILITIES 34. In case of default, delay of performance and failure to meet interim deadlines under the schedule, or poor performance of obligations under this Contract, the Contractor shall owe the Employer an indemnity equal to 0.5 % of the Price of the faulty, delayed or poorly performed item per day, but as a whole, not more than 10 % of the Contract Price under para 4. 35. In case of Contract termination due to the Employer’s default, the latter shall pay for the C&IW performed until then and an indemnity equal to 0,5 percent of the Contract Price per day, but not more than 10 percent of the Contract Price. 36. The Employer shall be entitled to early termination of Contract and request repayment of the advance payment if: 36.1. The Contractor becomes insolvents, or a legal procedure for insolvency has been filed against him, or is under restructuring, and these circumstances may jeopardize the implementation of this Contract. 36.2. The Contractor has been violating regularly its obligations under this Contract. 36.3. It has been established that the proceeds have been used for other purposes than provided under this contract. 36.4 It has been established that the Contractor, its Sub-contractors or suppliers submit false data and documents, fail to submit the required data and documents in view of project implementation.

Х. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. This contract was signed on the grounds of the Obligations and Contracts Law (OCL) and the Contract for ear marked target financing between …………….. and …………….. 38. Any amendments and supplements to this contract shall be made by mutual agreement between the parties and by signing of annex agreements. 39. Neither party shall transfer its rights under this Contract to third parties without a prior consent in writing of the other party. 40. The Employer and the Contractor shall make all reasonable efforts to solve amicably, by negotiations, any disagreements of disputes that may arise between them under or in connection with the Contract. If, after 30 (thirty) days from the commencement of such negotiations the Employer and the Contractor have been unable to resolve amicably a Contract dispute, either party may require that the dispute is referred the courts in the region of Sofia, in pursuance of the laws applicable to the Contract. 41. All issues that have not been provided for under this contract shall be referred to the Obligations and Contracts Law and the relevant current legislation. 42. The following documents shall be an integral part of this contract: 42.1. Contractor’s Bid (Bidding Documents); 42.2. Attachment №1 – Construction Implementation Schedule; 42.3. Attachment №2 – Bill of Quantity. 43. Any payments under this Contract shall be made to the Contractor’s bank account: No: …………………………………… Bank code: ……………………………….……

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Bank: …………………………………… Tax. No: …………………………………… BIN: ……………………………………

44. This contract was effected in two identical copies – one for each of the parties.

Contractor:

……………………………………………. (position, name, stamp and signature of authorized person)

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E. QUALIFICATION FORM

1. PROJECTS OF SIMILAR SIZE AND TYPE OF WORKS PERFORMED BY THE BIDDER IN THE LAST 5 YEARS (minimum 5)

Table F–1 № Project name Amount Client Design phase 1 2 3 4 5…

2. QUALIFICATION OF THE KEY PERSONNEL PROPOSED FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

2.1. Proposed key personnel for project implementation and proposed position (task) of each member hired by the company under a labor contract

Table F–2 № Name, surname Company *Position **Task 1 2 3…

*Position – Position to be held during project implementation; ** Task – Task to be handled during project implementation.

2.2. CV summary of the personnel specified in Table F–2. (the form may differ but shall contain the following information)

Proposed position: ...... Name of company: ...... Profession: ...... Date of birth: ...... Years with company: ...... Education: ...... Professional experience: ......

Signature:

3. REFERENCES FROM CLIENTS OF THE BIDDER (BIDDING COMPANY)

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F. ATTACHMENTS

ATTACHMENT № 1

SCHEDULE OF REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

(to the Draft Contract for “...... ”)

Sub-project Completion time (calendar days) 1...... up to …. days from contract signing 2...... up to …. days from contract signing 3...... up to …. days from contract signing

CONTRACTOR ......

(position, name, stamp and sign of the authorized person)

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ATTACHMENT NO 2

BILL OF QUANTITY (to Draft Contract for “...... ”)

SUB-PROJECT 1: “Hristo Botev Primary School”

№ Type of activity measure Quantity Unit price Total (BGN) (BGN) 1. GOODS 1.1...... pcs. 1.2...... pcs. 1.3...... pcs. 1.4...... pcs. 1.5...... pcs. 1.6...... pcs. 1.7...... pcs. 1.8...... pcs. 2. CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION WORKS 2.1...... 2.2...... 2.3...... 2.4...... 2.5...... 2.6...... 2.7...... TOTAL:

CONTRACTOR:

………………………………. (position, name, signature and stamp of the authorized person)

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