DOCSLIB.ORG

Bulletin 2010:RAVI-Bulletin.Qxd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bulletin 2010:RAVI-Bulletin.Qxd The Network of European World Meteorological Deutscher Meteorological Services Organization Wetterdienst European Climate Support World Climate Data Department Climate Network and Monitoring Programme Monitoring Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI - Europe and Middle East - 2010 ISSN: 1438 – 7522 Internet version: http://www.dwd.de/rcc-cm Editor: Deutscher Wetterdienst P.O. Box 10 04 65, D – 63004 Offenbach am Main, Germany Phone: +49 69 8062 2936 Fax: +49 69 8062 3759 Responsible: Peter Bissolli E-mail: [email protected] Technical assistance: Volker Zins E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements: Special thanks go to our colleagues G. Engel, K. Friedrich, G. Müller-Wester- meier and B. Tinz from DWD and M. Kendon from UK Met Office for their valu- able comments and corrections, as well as to our special guest authors A. v. Engelen (ECSN), W. Steinbrecht, H. Claude and U. Köhler (DWD). This bulletin is an extended version of the publication: F. Maier et al., 2011: Regional Climates - Europe, in “State of the climate in 2010”. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92 (6), pp. 199-210. The text was compiled on the basis of the monthly bulletins on the climate in WMO Region VI provided by DWD (see URL above), various other climate re- views available at WMO and DWD, additional web information and other con- tributions kindly provided by the RA VI Members. This Bulletin is a product of the WMO RA VI Pilot Regional Climate Centre, Node on Climate Monitoring (RCC-CM). Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI - Europe and Middle East - 2010 The Bulletin is a summary of contributions from the following National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and was co-ordinated by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Jordan Kazakhstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom List of Contents Foreword 5 Outstanding Events and Anomalies 6 Annual Survey 7 Seasonal Survey 43 Seasonal Maps 55 Monthly and Annual Tables 59 Monthly Surveys January 66 February 73 March 79 April 84 May 87 June 92 July 98 August 104 September 112 October 116 November 120 December 127 SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS: ECSN Activities Report 2010 135 The Ozone Layer over Central Europe in 2010 139 Sources 141 Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI - 2010 5 Foreword Climate was again a hot topic in 2010, also in RA VI. This time, it was not only the global warming, but also the extreme winter cold spells which attracted much attention from the public. In fact, large parts of Europe experienced a cold and snowy winter 2009/10 and once more an outstandingly cold and snowy December 2010. On the other hand, an extremely long and intense heat wave affected particularly the European part of Russia and neighbouring countries in summer, and mild weather in the Arctic region caused again a very low sea ice extent. It has become clear that the extremely negative values of the Arctic Oscillation were a main contributor to annual climate variability. In this context, the year 2010 showed very clearly that even in a time of global warming, extreme warm and cold periods can still occur repeatedly, which has to be considered when talking about adaptation strategies. In terms of precipitation, some areas were equally affected by repeated extremes, such as flooding in eastern central Europe in May and in August and September. As for storms, we still have not forgotten the storm Xynthia crossing France and Germany in late February 2010. All these examples show that a good co-operation of the national meteorological and hydrological services of our Region in climate issues is essential for monitoring and, as far as possible, forecasting regional climate variability. The development of a Regional Climate Centre (RCC) Network in RA VI is the right step in this direction. I was very pleased to attend the “WMO Workshop on Climate Monitoring including the implementation of climate watch systems in RA VI”, which was jointly organised by the WMO and the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) in Germany in 2010, and where representatives of the members of the RCC-Network and of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services as well as other interested participants came together. The Network is now in its pilot phase, with the designation procedure in progress. The Annual Bulletin on the Climate in RA VI, which is on its 17th issue this year, continues to be an important backbone within the RCC product suite. Considering the requests of some of our Members to extend our assessments beyond the area of our Region, a global overview of temperature and precipitation anomalies has been added. As in previous years, the Annual Bulletin also presents an extensive summary of all important climate events of 2010 in our Region, compiled from the excellent material provided by many of our Members. Once again, it is a pleasure for me to thank all the Members for their contributions. My special thanks go to the editorial team of DWD, namely Dr Peter Bissolli, for compiling and writing all the texts and Volker Zins for his technical support as well as to all reviewers. I wish you a pleasant reading and hope this Bulletin will be helpful for your work in climatology. Ivan Cacic President of WMO Regional Association VI 6 Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI - 2010 Outstanding Events and Anomalies in 2010 Temperature - Long and intense heat wave in July and August in European Russia and adjacent areas - Cold winter 2009/10 and cold December 2010 in large parts of Europe Precipitation - Several flooding events in eastern central Europe (May, August, September) - Long summer drought periods in central European Russia and in the Middle East - Extensive snow cover in large parts of Europe in winter 2009/10 and in December 2010 Storm - Heavy storm (Xynthia) over south-western, western and central Europe at the end of February 2010 Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI - 2010 7 Annual Survey 1. Atmospheric circulation The main features of the global atmospheric circulation in 2010 were a transition from El Niño to a very strong La Niña and a strongly negative Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation in particular during the cold season in RA VI, associated with the domination of meridional patterns over Europe. 1.1. El Niño / La Niña 2010 started with El Niño conditions stronger than those at the end of 2009. They were most distinct in February and then weakened rapidly in early spring (Fig. 0.1). A typical feature of El Niño is the stronger subtropical jet and a dislocation of the Icelandic low to a far more southerly position, which was very pronounced in February. As a consequence, wet conditions prevailed over Iberia and the Mediterranean in the winter 2009/10, whereas it was cold and dry particularly in northern Europe. In April 2010, the Southern Oscillation index entered into a La Niña phase, which became gradually stronger during the course of the year. Full La Niña conditions had arrived in August 2010. The highest value was achieved in December with 2.9 (standardised), which is also the highest value ever reached in at least 60 years (according to data from NOAA) and was assessed as one of the five strongest La Niña events since the beginning of the 20th century. Nevertheless, the impact on the surface pressure field over the North Atlantic and Europe was masked by a strong negative North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation. Fig. 0.1: Standardised Southern Oscillation index for 2010, as expressed by the difference of stan- dardised sea level pressure anomalies in Tahiti and Darwin (Australia) Source: NOAA, www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/soi, 8 February 2012 8 Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI - 2010 1.2. Arctic Oscillation (AO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) The Arctic Oscillation index (Fig. 0.2) was highly negative during the winter months January and February 2010 and once again at the beginning of the next winter in December 2010. This implies that a mainly meridional circulation pattern prevailed in the northern hemisphere during all winter months. As a consequence, there was a strong meridional exchange of Arctic air masses and milder air masses from more southern latitudes. Thus, most of Europe saw colder winter months than normal, whereas the Arctic was relatively mild. During the rest of the year, the AO index was close to zero, implying only weak impact. Averaged over the whole year 2010, however, the pressure gradient between middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere decreased compared to 2009. The NAO index was negative during almost the whole year, except July when the index was close to zero. This implied the existence of a stronger-than-normal meridional circulation component over the North Atlantic; westerly airflows from the Atlantic to Europe were quite rare. Annual mean air pressure was up to 10 hPa higher in Greenland and the Icelandic low was dislocated towards Newfoundland while the Azores high was weaker than normal. Sea level pressure in Iceland reached its highest annual average on record since 1823 (1014 hPa). Like the AO, the NAO too had an extremely negative phase in the winter months, when the impact of the NAO on Europe is very strong. Iceland was often dominated by high pressure whereas low pressure prevailed over the Azores, which is the quite the reverse of normal conditions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Moüjmtaiim Operations
    L f\f¿ áfó b^i,. ‘<& t¿ ytn) ¿L0d àw 1 /1 ^ / / /This publication contains copyright material. *FM 90-6 FieW Manual HEADQUARTERS No We DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 30 June 1980 MOÜJMTAIIM OPERATIONS PREFACE he purpose of this rUanual is to describe how US Army forces fight in mountain regions. Conditions will be encountered in mountains that have a significant effect on. military operations. Mountain operations require, among other things^ special equipment, special training and acclimatization, and a high decree of self-discipline if operations are to succeed. Mountains of military significance are generally characterized by rugged compartmented terrain witn\steep slopes and few natural or manmade lines of communication. Weather in these mountains is seasonal and reaches across the entireSspectrum from extreme cold, with ice and snow in most regions during me winter, to extreme heat in some regions during the summer. AlthoughNthese extremes of weather are important planning considerations, the variability of weather over a short period of time—and from locality to locahty within the confines of a small area—also significantly influences tactical operations. Historically, the focal point of mountain operations has been the battle to control the heights. Changes in weaponry and equipment have not altered this fact. In all but the most extreme conditions of terrain and weather, infantry, with its light equipment and mobility, remains the basic maneuver force in the mountains. With proper equipment and training, it is ideally suited for fighting the close-in battfe commonly associated with mountain warfare. Mechanized infantry can\also enter the mountain battle, but it must be prepared to dismount and conduct operations on foot.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria) in the Last Ten Years
    STUDIA GEOMORPHOLOGICA CARPATHO-BALCANICA VOL. XLV, 2011: 47–68 PL ISSN 0081-6434 EMIL GACHEV (BLAGOEVGRAD) INTER-ANNUAL SIZE VARIATIONS OF SNEZHNIKA GLACIERET (THE PIRIN MOUNTAINS, BULGARIA) IN THE LAST TEN YEARS Abstract: Glacierets, which are in fact embryonic forms of recent glaciation, can serve as important indicators of contemporary climate dynamics in areas where classical glaciers do not exist, such as the high mountains in Southeastern Europe. Two glacierets are located in Bulgaria’s Pirin Mountains: Snezhnika and Banski Suhodol. Snezhnika has been relatively well studied for the last 50 years, and in particular since 1994, when annual size measurements on a regular basis started. The present study focuses on the recent variations in the size of Snezhnika i.e. in the last ten years. Data about the area of the glacieret at the end of the ablation season (in autumn), which was obtained for each year by field measurements and analytical calculations, show that temperature can be considered as a major factor that drives glacieret fluctuations. At the current stage precipitation factor can not be evaluated properly due to the deficit of accurate climate information. Key words: the Pirin Mountains, glacierets, size variation, climate change, climatic factors INTRODUCTION Although small in size and volume, in many mountain areas glacierets are natu- ral features of sufficient value for studies of the dynamics of environmental proc- esses, climatic variations and change. Glacierets are small bodies of perennial ice, which are smaller than glaciers but bigger and more persistent than snow patches. Glacierets are typified by a density of close-to-bottom ice of about 0.6 to 0.8 g cm–3, presence of annual layers in the vertical cross-section, and long- term persistence — decades to centuries (G r u n e w a l d et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Member States of the European Union and The
    CHAPTER 4 membeR StAteS oF tHe EuroPean UnioN and tHe EuroPean EcoNomic AReA 4.1 Austria ............................................. 18 4.15 Latvia .............................................. 50 4.2 belgium ........................................... 20 4.16 lithuania ......................................... 52 4.3 Cyprus ............................................. 24 4.17 luxembourg ................................... 55 4.4 Czech Republic ............................... 26 4.18 Malta ............................................... 59 4.5 denmark ......................................... 29 4.19 Netherlands ..................................... 61 4.6 estonia ............................................. 31 4.20 Norway ............................................ 64 4.7 Finland ............................................ 33 4.21 Poland .............................................. 66 4.8 France.............................................. 35 4.22 Portugal ........................................... 69 4.9 Germany ......................................... 37 4.23 Slovakia ........................................... 71 4.10 Greece .............................................. 39 4.24 Slovenia ........................................... 74 4.11 Hungary .......................................... 41 4.25 Spain ................................................ 76 4.12 Iceland ............................................. 43 4.26 Sweden ............................................. 81 4.13 Ireland ............................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Empire in the Provinces: the Case of Carinthia
    religions Article The Empire in the Provinces: The Case of Carinthia Helmut Konrad Institut für Geschichte, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Attemsgasse 8/II, [505] 8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected] Academic Editors: Malachi Hacohen and Peter Iver Kaufman Received: 16 May 2016; Accepted: 1 August 2016; Published: 5 August 2016 Abstract: This article examines the legacy of the Habsburg Monarchy in the First Austrian Republic, both in the capital, Vienna, and in the province of Carinthia. It concludes that Social Democracy, often cited as one of the six ingredients that held the old Empire together, took on distinct forms in the Republic’s different federal states. The scholarly literature on the post-1918 “heritage” of the Monarchy therefore needs to move beyond monolithic generalizations and toward regionally focused comparative studies. Keywords: empire; socialism; Jews; Habsburg Monarchy; Austria; Vienna; Carinthia; German Nationalism; Sprachenkampf 1. Introduction Which forms did the ideas take that allowed the Habsburg monarchy to persist, despite the diversity of nationalisms present in the small Republic of German-Austria, for so long after the end of the First World War? What was the “glue” that held this multiethnic empire together, when its collapse had been predicted since 1848, and which of its elements continued to exist beyond 1918? How was this heritage expressed in the different regions of the new republic? At least six factors can be identified as ingredients of the “glue” that held the monarchy together: first, the Emperor, a figure who symbolized the fusion of the complex linguistic, ethnic and religious components of the Habsburg state; second, the administrative officials, who were loyal to the Emperor and worked in the ubiquitous and even architecturally similar buildings of the Monarchy’s district authorities and train stations; third, the army, whose members promoted the imperial ideals through their long terms of service and acknowledged linguistic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Mountains and Their Climatological Study
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68158-2 - Mountain Weather and Climate, Third Edition Roger G. Barry Excerpt More information 1 MOUNTAINS AND THEIR CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY 1.1 INTRODUCTION It is the aim of this book to bring together the major strands of our existing knowledge of weather and climate in the mountains. The first part of the book deals with the basic controls of the climatic and meteorological phenomena and the second part with particular applications of mountain climatology and meteor- ology. By illustrating the general climatic principles, a basis can also be provided for estimating the range of conditions likely to be experienced in mountain areas of sparse observational data. In this chapter we introduce mountain environments as they have been perceived historically, and consider the physical characteristics of mountains and their global significance. We then briefly review the history of research into mountain weather and climate and outline some basic considerations that influence their modern study. 1.1.1 Historical perceptions The mountain environment has always been regarded with awe. The Greeks believed Mount Olympus to be the abode of the gods, to the Norse the Jotunheim¨ was the home of the Jotuns, or ice giants, while to the Tibetans, Mount Everest (Chomo Longmu) is the ‘‘goddess of the snows.’’ In many cultures, mountains are considered ‘‘sacred places;’’ Nanga Parbat, an 8125 m summit in the Himalaya, means sacred mountain in Sanskrit, for example. Conspicuous peaks are associated with ancestral figures or deities (Bernbaum, 1998) – Sengem Sama with Fujiyama (3778 m) in Japan and Shiva-Parvati with Kailas (6713 m) in Tibet – although at other times mountains have been identified with malevolent spirits, the Diablerets in the Swiss Valais, for example.
    [Show full text]
  • ESPON PROFECY Annex 9. Methodological Approach of CS
    PROFECY – Processes, Features and Cycles of Inner Peripheries in Europe (Inner Peripheries: National territories facing challenges of access to basic services of general interest) Applied Research Final Report Annex 9 Methodological Case Study Approach Version 07/12/2017 This applied research activity is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Authors Paulina Tobiasz-Lis, Karolina Dmochowska-Dudek, Marcin Wójcik, University of Lodz (Poland) Francesco Mantino, Barbara Forcina, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (Italy) Sabine Weck, Sabine Beißwenger, Nils Hans, ILS Dortmund (Germany) Advisory Group Project Support Team: Barbara Acreman and Zaira Piazza (Italy), Eedi Sepp (Estonia), Zsolt Szokolai, European Commission. ESPON EGTC: Marjan van Herwijnen (Project Expert), Laurent Frideres (HoU E&O), Ilona Raugze (Director), Piera Petruzzi (Outreach), Johannes Kiersch (Financial Expert). Information on ESPON and its projects can be found on www.espon.eu. The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. This delivery exists only in an electronic version. © ESPON, 2017 Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg.
    [Show full text]
  • Mile High Mountaineer the Newsletter of the Denver Group of the Colorado Mountain Club
    Mile High Mountaineer The newsletter of the Denver Group of the Colorado Mountain Club July 2014 www.hikingdenver.net Volume 46, No.7 www.cmc.org OUR MOUNTAIN EXPLORING ROCK LEADERS ART RUINS: Rich McAdams ADVENTURE WITH Embracing Discovery A PURPOSE By John Walters By Carol Ordemann Denver Group Member Denver trip leaders Stan Moore and Cheryl “Everyone brings something Ames organized an exploratory rock art trip to to a trip. Not everyone is the Bluff, Utah, area in May. Larry Evans, an technical. Some are good experienced rock art and ruins guide, offered to Rich McAdams lead the five-day, private trip. planners, some are good with Some of the group camped at Sand Island directors of WTS and BMS so the programs of all and others stayed at a motel in Bluff. Our group relationships and some are three flowed seamlessly from one to the next. included both CMC members and non-members. just fun to be with.” During the mid-2000s, Rich served as a Each day the group set out to explore -- Rich McAdams WTS instructor, then as school director. While canyons in the area to learn about and there, he updated the curriculum, standardized photograph Native American rock art, ruins and copyrighted the school manual, and to and tools. These moderate hikes varied in Rich McAdams defines adventure as “figuring facilitate make-up sessions hired a professional length from 4-8 miles a day, and entailed out what to do when the unexpected becomes video service to record the lecture segments of visiting multiple sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing the Protected Area System of Armenia
    UNDP Project Document – Amendment for split of the project into two subprojects After decision to execute one part of the project by WWF, the project was split into two subprojects by means of budget revision, creating two AWPs with separate Atlas numbers and budgets. The signed versions of AWP between UNDP and WWF Armenia and the signed version of the budget revision of the existing AWP between UNDP and the Ministry of Nature Protection are attached in PIMS database and Atlas system. UNDP-GEF Medium-Size Project (MSP) Government of Republic of Armenia United Nations Development Programme PIMS: 3986 Subproject with NEX execution: Atlas Award 00057439; Atlas Project ID 00070966 Subproject with NGO execution: Atlas Award 00060500; Atlas Project ID 00076187 Developing the Protected Area System of Armenia Brief description: The project’s goal is to conserve globally significant biodiversity in Armenia. The project’s objective is to catalyze the expansion of the nature reserves to provide better representation of ecosystems within Armenia’s current protected area system and enable active conservation of biodiversity. The project’s two components will focus upon: (1) rationalization of the PA system through improving the regulatory and institutional framework relevant to Sanctuary establishment and operation; and (2) institutional capacity building by piloting a suite of Sanctuary management tools largely absent from Armenian’s current protected area management regime. This project’s efforts will result in a national protected area system better equipped to include and conserve currently under- represented ecosystems and associated species. Project investment will be in community areas to improve management of productive landscapes while helping to promote connectivity and alleviate poverty.
    [Show full text]
  • Recco® Detectors Worldwide
    RECCO® DETECTORS WORLDWIDE ANDORRA Krimml, Salzburg Aflenz, ÖBRD Steiermark Krippenstein/Obertraun, Aigen im Ennstal, ÖBRD Steiermark Arcalis Oberösterreich Alpbach, ÖBRD Tirol Arinsal Kössen, Tirol Althofen-Hemmaland, ÖBRD Grau Roig Lech, Tirol Kärnten Pas de la Casa Leogang, Salzburg Altausee, ÖBRD Steiermark Soldeu Loser-Sandling, Steiermark Altenmarkt, ÖBRD Salzburg Mayrhofen (Zillertal), Tirol Axams, ÖBRD Tirol HELICOPTER BASES & SAR Mellau, Vorarlberg Bad Hofgastein, ÖBRD Salzburg BOMBERS Murau/Kreischberg, Steiermark Bischofshofen, ÖBRD Salzburg Andorra La Vella Mölltaler Gletscher, Kärnten Bludenz, ÖBRD Vorarlberg Nassfeld-Hermagor, Kärnten Eisenerz, ÖBRD Steiermark ARGENTINA Nauders am Reschenpass, Tirol Flachau, ÖBRD Salzburg Bariloche Nordkette Innsbruck, Tirol Fragant, ÖBRD Kärnten La Hoya Obergurgl/Hochgurgl, Tirol Fulpmes/Schlick, ÖBRD Tirol Las Lenas Pitztaler Gletscher-Riffelsee, Tirol Fusch, ÖBRD Salzburg Penitentes Planneralm, Steiermark Galtür, ÖBRD Tirol Präbichl, Steiermark Gaschurn, ÖBRD Vorarlberg AUSTRALIA Rauris, Salzburg Gesäuse, Admont, ÖBRD Steiermark Riesneralm, Steiermark Golling, ÖBRD Salzburg Mount Hotham, Victoria Saalbach-Hinterglemm, Salzburg Gries/Sellrain, ÖBRD Tirol Scheffau-Wilder Kaiser, Tirol Gröbming, ÖBRD Steiermark Schiarena Präbichl, Steiermark Heiligenblut, ÖBRD Kärnten AUSTRIA Schladming, Steiermark Judenburg, ÖBRD Steiermark Aberg Maria Alm, Salzburg Schoppernau, Vorarlberg Kaltenbach Hochzillertal, ÖBRD Tirol Achenkirch Christlum, Tirol Schönberg-Lachtal, Steiermark Kaprun, ÖBRD Salzburg
    [Show full text]
  • Via Ferrata: a Short Introduction Giuliano Bressan, Claudio Melchiorri CAI – Club Alpino Italiano
    Via Ferrata: A short introduction Giuliano Bressan, Claudio Melchiorri CAI – Club Alpino Italiano 1. Introduction In the last years, the number of persons climbing “vie ferrate” has rapidly increased, and this manner of approaching mountains is becoming more and more popular among mountaineers and hikers, in particular among young persons. The terms “via ferrata” and “sentiero attrezzato” (or equipped path) indicate that a set of fixed equipment (metallic ropes, ladders, chains, bridges, …) is installed along an itinerary in order to facilitate its ascension, guaranteeing at the same time a good margin of security. In this manner, also non extremely expert persons may have the opportunity to approach mountains and vertical walls that would be climbable, without this equipment, only by means of standard climbing techniques and equipment (i.e. rope, pitons, and so on). With this fixed equipment it is then possible to grant almost to everybody the emotion of altitudes and the excitement of vertical walls, without taking major risks and without being involved, possibly, in dangerous situations. Nevertheless, practicing “vie ferrate” should not be compared with the classical climbing activity. As a matter of fact, also considering the physical and psychological engagement necessary in any case to climb a “via ferrata” (some are very difficult from a technical and physical point of view), very different are the technical skills, the experience, the capabilities and the emotional control needed to face in a proper way any negative situation possibly occurring in a mountaineering activity. Nowadays, the term “via ferrata” has been internationally adopted, although in some countries they are also known as Klettersteig (this word indicates the specific karabiners to be used in this activity).
    [Show full text]
  • FIND out MORE Webinar Active School Flag Is a Department of Education Initiative Supported by Healthy Ireland We Value YOUR FEEDBACK
    FIND OUT MORE Webinar Active School Flag is a Department of Education initiative supported by Healthy Ireland We Value YOUR FEEDBACK Please complete the Find Out More questionnaire that we will email to you after this webinar www.activeschoolflag.ie Presenters Karen Cotter National Coordinator ASF Caitriona Cosgrave ASF Support Team Jamie Mc Gann DCU Research Team Chat @Karen @Caitriona @Jamie Specific queries should be emailed to [email protected] Watch Video 20180313 ASF BANNER.indd 1 13/03/2018 09:19:07 Active School Flag aims to get more schools, more active, more often An Active School Physical Physical Active Education Activity Partnerships School Week Delivers a broad Promotes inclusive Works in Organises an and balanced PE physical activity partnership with Active School curriculum throughout the others to promote Week every year school day a physically active school culture www.activeschoolflag.ie All ASF activities during 20/21 must comply with COVID-safety guidelines Physical Education “Schools will need to re-orientate their work with the curriculum especially during the initial weeks of the first term as they give greater time and attention to areas such as Social, Personal and Health Education (SPHE), Physical Education (PE), Language and Mathematics. Pupils’ physical education is a central part of their wellbeing: it should form a significant component of timetabled programmes upon returning to school.” Source: Returning to School – Curriculum Guidance for Primary School Leaders and Teachers. www.activeschoolflag.ie www.activeschoolflag.ie The children now view exercise as a fun and enjoyable activity that you can do anytime, anywhere! As teachers, we have identified huge benefits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Turkey-Armenia-Azerbaijan Triangle: the Unexpected Outcomes of the Zurich Protocols Zaur SHIRIYEV* & Celia DAVIES** Abstract Key Words
    The Turkey-Armenia-Azerbaijan Triangle: The Unexpected Outcomes of the Zurich Protocols Zaur SHIRIYEV* & Celia DAVIES** Abstract Key Words This paper analyses the domestic and regional Zurich Protocols, Turkish-Armenian impact of the Turkish-Armenian normalisation rapprochement/normalisation, Russo- process from the Azerbaijani perspective, with Georgian War, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, a focus on the changing dynamic of Ankara- Azerbaijani-Turkish relations. Baku relations. This line of enquiry is informed by international contexts, notably the 2008 Russian-Georgian war and the respective roles Introduction of the US and Russia. The first section reviews the changed regional dynamic following two regional crises: the August War and the Turkish- Between 2008 and 2009, Azerbaijan’s Armenian rapprochement. The second section foreign policy was thrown into a state analyses domestic reaction in Azerbaijan among of crisis. The Russo-Georgian War in political parties, the media, and the public. The third section will consider the normalisation August 2008 followed by the attempted process, from its inception through to its Turkish-Armenian rapprochement suspension. The authors find that the crisis in process (initiated in September 2008) Turkish-Azerbaijani relations has resulted in an intensification of the strategic partnership, unsettled geopolitical perspectives across concluding that the abortive normalisation the Caucasus and the wider region, process in many ways stabilised the pre-2008 throwing traditionally perceived axes status quo in terms of the geopolitical dynamics of the region. of threats and alliances into question. Before the dust had settled on the first conflict, another was already brewing, * Zaur Shiriyev is a foreign policy analyst based destabilising many of Azerbaijan’s in Azerbaijan, a columnist for Today’s Zaman, basic foreign policy assumptions.
    [Show full text]