Complex Air Measurements at Musala Highaltitude Station
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATORY “MOUSSALA”
Complex air measurements at Musala high-altitude station
Christo ANGELOV
Main research fields are: Complex Monitoring of Environment; Solar – Terrestrial Interactions; Cosmic Rays Physics; Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry; Monitoring of Long Range Radionuclides and Toxic Elements Transport Cosmic ray station Moussala 1959 - 1983 1983-1999
RILA Mountain Coordinates: Altitude – 2925 m a.s.l. Latitude - 42º11’ Longitude - 23º35’ Historical dates BEO Moussala 1932 - Inauguration of Meteorological Station 1959 – Opening of Cosmic Ray Station after 2000 1983 - Destroy of Cosmic Ray Station (fired). 1993 - Start of Bulgarian-French project 1999 – Inauguration of Basic Environmental Observatory (BEO) – Moussala. 2002 - Creation of BEO Centre of Excellence 2002-2003 – HIMONTONET and NUSES FP5 projects 2005 – BEOBAL FP6 project 2006 – 2011 EUSAAR FP6 project 2007 - Moussala became pan-European Research Infrastructure in winter 2010 - BEO Moussala - Regional GAW station 2011 – 2015 ACTRIS FP7 project 2013 – 2018 BACCHUS FP7 project 2015 – 2019 ACTRIS-2 H2020 in summer 2017 – 2019 ACTRIS PPP H2020 2018 – ACTRIS BG BEO MOUSSALA Winter
BEO CoE is certified under ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015 standards for quality and environment management BEO MOUSSALA Summer
GAW Global stations
Sonnblick,3106 м, Austria Zugspitze, 2650 м, Germany Monte Cimone, 2165 м, Italy Jungfraujoch, 3450 м., Switzerland Helmos, 2300 м., Greece BEO Moussala, 2925 м.
Neutron monitor Muon telescope Gas Analisers
NO CO
NO O3 2
SO2 CO2 Carbon Dioxide Trend, 1957-2011, Schauinsland, Zugspitze, Mauna Loa, World, monthly averages.
9 years POPs concentrations campaign Passive air sampler Bridge with measuring equipment in BEО "Mоusсala" ПАВ Мини Макси мална мална RET Медиа стойно стойно на ст ст 0,014 0,000 0,031 OP_DDE 0,000 0,000 0,002 NAP 2,866 0,419 6,282 BBFLU 0,000 0,000 0,000 PP_DDE 0,006 0,002 0,018 ACY 0,010 0,000 0,031 BNT 0,000 0,000 0,006 OP_DDD 0,000 0,000 0,002 ACE 0,035 0,017 0,081 BGFLA 0,000 0,000 0,007 PP_DDD 0,000 0,000 0,003 FLU 0,218 0,093 0,567 CPCDP 0,000 0,000 0,000 OP_DDT 0,000 0,000 0,000 PHE 0,526 0,129 1,732 TPH 0,000 0,000 0,024 PP_DDT 0,000 0,000 0,002 ANT 0,000 0,000 0,022 BJFLA 0,000 0,000 0,000 PECB 0,011 0,006 0,027 FLA 0,117 0,025 0,459 BEP 0,000 0,000 0,000 HCB 0,048 0,017 0,095 PYR 0,049 0,014 0,110 PER 0,000 0,000 0,000 ПХБ Медиа Мин. с- Макс. с-ст на ст BAA 0,000 0,000 0,006 DBACA 0,000 0,000 0,000 PCB28 0,004 0,001 0,007 CHRY 0,006 0,000 0,018 ANTT 0,000 0,000 0,000 PCB52 0,003 0,000 0,007 BBFLA 0,000 0,000 0,000 COR 0,000 0,000 0,000 PCB101 0,000 0,000 0,004 BKFLA Пестици Медиа Мин. Макс. PCB118 0,000 0,000 0,001 0,000 0,000 0,000 ди на с-ст с-ст BAP 0,000 0,000 0,000 РСВ153 0,001 0,000 0,003 A_HCH 0,017 0,006 0,043 IP 0,000 0,000 0,000 B_HCH 0,003 0,000 0,010 PCB138 0,000 0,000 0,003 DBAHA 0,000 0,000 0,000 G_HCH 0,017 0,000 0,035 PCB180 0,000 0,000 0,002 BGP 0,000 0,000 0,000 D_HCH 0,000 0,000 0,000 BIP 0,255 0,107 0,716
28 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 12 Organochlorinated Pesticides (CHO), biphenyl
PUF disk (pre-cleaned in dichloromethane): analysis of PAHs and drin pesticides PUF disk (pre-cleaned in toluene): analysis of ind. PCBs, dioxin-like PCBs, organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), brominated flame retardands (BFR), PCDDs/Fs PUF disk (pre-cleaned in methanol): perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), currently used pesticides (CUP)
Physical Properties of Aerosols Integrated nephelometer TSI 3563 Measuring Systems blue blue
green green
red red Continuous Light Absorption Photometer (CLAP)
Filter-based light absorption measurement
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Range 10 nm – 1 µm BACCHUS is a European FP7 collaborative project under the lead of ETH Zurich, Switzerland. In the next 4 years, 20 research institutions from the European Union, Switzerland, Norway and Israel work closely together in order to better understand key processes in aerosol-cloud interactions.
BACCHUS will generate a unique database linking long-term observations and field campaign data of aerosol, cloud condensation and ice nuclei and cloud microphysical properties; this will enable a better quantification of the natural aerosol concentrations and the anthropogenic aerosol effect. Single column CCN counter, Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, CO, USA.
• integrating European ground-based stations • advanced atmospheric probing instrumentation for aerosols • clouds and short-lived gas-phase species • building of new knowledge as well as policy issues on climate change • air quality • long-range transport of pollutants
Next step - ACTRIS PPP
Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Preparatory Phase Project
for European consortium ERIC with national funding in the frame of the European scientific infrastructures road map The ACTRIS Community unites partners from 23 countries across Europe System for measuring radioactivity in aerosols: air turbine, filter device, capacity of 1500 m3/h a press for preparing the samples for measuring,
Low-background gamma-ray spectroscopy
HPGe detector
134Cs, 137Cs and 131I, measured at BEO Moussala, after Focushima accident 2011, mBq/m3 5000
4500
106Ru(Rh) 4000 511.86 + 511
3500
3000 7Be 477.606 KeV
2500
106Ru(Rh) Counts/8h 2000 621.93 KeV
1500
106 40 1000 Ru(Rh) K 1050.41 KeV 1460.83 KeV
500
0
Energy of gamma rays, KeV
Gamma Background Detector Technidata IGS 421 Gamma background near peak Moussala during Fukushima accident
Seasonal variation of gamma background at BEO Moussala
Spectrum of gamma-rays at BEO-MOUSSALA (NaI) 4000 Daughter decays of 222Rn 511
609 1120 3000 146140K
2000 1764 x3
Counts per 10h per Counts Background of cosmic rays 1000
x9
0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 Energy of gamma-rays, KeV
222Rn, in relative units
1400
1200
1000
800
counts/7200s 600
400
200
0
Intensity of the gamma-line 609 kev of 222Rn, measured for period 02.03.2014 to 11.04.2014. 222Rn
Intensity of gamma background and natural radioactive isotope 222Rn. Precipitation during this period is in violet. Cosmic rays measurements
• Muon Telescope • SEVAN • Active neutron detector Muon telescope 18 February 2011, Forbush decrease at BEO Moussala 9 February 2012, Forbush decrease at BEO Moussala
Cosmic Rays Detector SEVAN
Collaboration: Instrument Development Program (UNBSS), IHY-2007 Aragatz High Mountain Observatory, Armenia Networks: SEVAN (Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network) Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN) device measure in 1 minute interval: - neutral particles - HE muons (> 200MeV) - LE charged particles (< 100MeV)
Active neutron detector
Cosmic neutron flux variations
Atmospheric pressure impact Liulin LET (Linear Energy Transfer) Spectrometer Airborne dosimeter device - AIRDOS
Dosimetry of radiation events in the atmosphere – 01.01.2017 Comparative measurements of mixed radiation field using Liulin and AIRDOS dosimeters
Martin Kakona, Vaclav Stepan, Ondrej Ploc, Nina Nikolova, Todor Arsov and Christo Angelov
Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences (NPI CAS), Prague, Czech Republic Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Technical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (INRNE BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria Altitude and number of ionising particles registered by AIRDOS and Liulin devices onboard aircraft. Total and limited (0.25, 12.7 MeV) counts are shown
CONCLUSIONS Presented results confirm suitability of radiation environment at high altitude mountain observatories for long-term comparative measurements using devices intended for low-flux mixed radiation fields, namely such as that on board commercial aircraft. The experiments provided guidance for further development and improvements both of the calibration and data processing methodology. Agreement between data recorded by Liulin and AIRDOS devices both in-flight and during long- term measurement at the BEO Moussala is reasonable.
Pyranometer CMP 10 for the Accurate Measurement of Solar Irradiance – 285 to 2800 nm Pyranometer CMP 10 for the Accurate Measurement of Solar Irradiance – 285 to 2800 nm
Adopted standard solar terrestrial spectrum (ASTM G173) including harmful solar UV bands Athmospheric layered structure and resultant solar UV absorption and scattering Study of the combined effect of the natural radioactivity background, the UV radiation, the climate changes and the cosmic rays on model groups of plant and animal organisms in mountain ecosystems”, 2017-2019
UV sensors UV sensor equipment and bio-container at Moussala BEO station. Experimental design
This pilot and unique experiment was conducted for 40 days to natural UV irradiation and gamma background at two altitudes in Rila mountains BEO station (Peak Moussala 2925 m asl) and the area of the Beli Iskar dam (1500 m asl). The selection of altitudes is consistent that the UV radiation increases by 10% every 1000 meters. A period with the longest day and sunshine was selected - (16 - 26.07.2017). In order to maximize the early genetic changes from the above effects and to eliminate the adaptations to altitude, the most suitable model species are albino mice of the ICR strain.
Animals
70 healthy male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups of 35 animals. They were transported to the chosen experimental points - Peak Moussala and the area of the Beli Iskar. To register the daily dose of UV radiation a special sensor was installed on every packing-case. The packing- cases were maintained outdoor at their locations for 12 h for a period of 40 days. On the 15th, 30th and 40th day samples from peripheral blood and bone marrow cells were collected. Measurement of daily solar UV irradiation, environmental temperature and humidity in a high-mountain area (Moussala Peak) during the hottest summer week of 2017.
This study stands out as a novelty in its approach to study the effects of exposure to UV which reaches the dermo-epidermal junction and penetrates deeper to the dermis and hypodermis. For this reason it was assumed that blood vessels and blood cells might also be affected by UV exposure. The results showed a significant dose-dependent increase in Howell-Jolly bodies from 15th to the 40th day of the experiment. Currently, approaches used to evaluate the consequences of UV irradiation and gamma background involve also the assessment of genotoxic damage and other cell-detrimental effects on organisms. The study opens up the possibility of more detailed research on the negative combined action of UV on the health of living beings.
Wind sensor Vaissala AWS
Precipitation BEO Moussala Telecommunication system Data Acquisition System
High frequency radio transmission – 5 GHz; wireless Ethernet bridge; high speed data transfer – up to 100 Megabits/s