18S8 Borthwick, Douglas, Examples in hist. & geog antonomasia. ICibrarg

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HISTORICAL & GEOGRAPHICAL ANTONOMASH 3 FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS r. (? 1 IN ftU' r. HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY, W

BY

DOUGLAS BOHTHWICK,

High School Department of McGill College, Montreal. 1%

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" Qui Conducit."

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MONTREAL: PRINTED BY OWLER & STEVENSON, 41 ST. FRANCOIS XAYIER STREET, (|

1858.

tm^trrtYtTtA^T't'r^f^trf^t'i^^ F/OzB HISTORICAL & GEOGBAPHICAL ANTONOMASIA.

Antonoraasia is the name applied to that form of expression when the title, office, dignity, profession, science or trade is put instead of the true name of the person or place.

ABDALRAHMAN—Prince of the Faithful. ABRAHAM— Father of the Faithful. ABRAHAM, ISAAC and JACOB—The Patriarchs. arose the fable of ACCA LAURENTIA— Lupa, the Prostitute ; hence Romu- lus and Remus having been suckled by a (lupa) she wolf. ACHILLES—the bravest of the Greeks. ACTiEON—Antoneius Heros, from his mother Antonoe daughter of Cadmus. the Sea. AD EN—Gibraltar of the East ; Key of Red ADEODATUS, Pope, A.D. 672—the gift of God. AEGEAE, in Ancient Greece—Goat's Town. AELIUS PAETUS— Catus, or the Cunning. AGRA—the Key of Hindostan. AJAX—Telamonus Heros ALARIC—the Scourge of God. ALBERT, Elector of Brandenburg, 1134—the Bear. ALFRED—the Great.

ALEXANDER—the Great ; the Conqueror of the world.

ALP ARSLAN, of Arabian History—the Valiant lion ; the most skilful archer of his age. ALPHONSO II., of Portugal, 1212—Crassus, or the Fat. ALPHONSO V., do., 1438— the African. ALPHONSO II., of Spain, 791—the Chaste. ALPHONSO III., do., 866—the Great. ALPHONSO IV., do., 925— the Monk. ALPHONSO VI., do., 1072—the Valiant. ALPHONSO VIII., do., 1126—Raymond. ALPHONSO IX., do., 1158—the Noble. ALPHONSO X., do., 1252—the Wise. ALPHONSO, of Navarre, 1104—the Warrior. ALPHONSO, King of Aragon, 1285—the Beneficent. ALPHONSO. do.. 1416— the Wise. ALPHONSO,' do., 1442— the Magnanimous. ANACREON—the Swan of Teos. ANASTASIUS—the Silentiary. ANCUS MARTIUS— the Good. ANDRONICUS, of Grecian History— the Elder. ANDRONICUS, do. —the Younger. ANTIOCH— Queen ol the East.

ANTIOCHUS I. of Syria— Soter,or Saviour, or Deliverer. ANTIOCHUS II. do, B.C. 261—Theos, or God. ANTIOCHUS III. do, do 217—the Great. IV. do do Theos-Epiphanes, or the victorious or ANTIOCHUS r 175— illustrious God, or Epiphanes. After destroying Jerusalem, the Jews- called him EpimaneB, or Furious, and not Epiphanes. ANTIOCHUS V. ot Syria, B.C. 164—Eupator.

ANTIOCHUS VI. do, do, 143— Entheus, or the Noble ; Theos. ANTIOCHUS VII. do, do, 130—Sidetes, from the town Side. ANTIOCHUS VIII. do, do, 120—Gry pus, from his aquiline nose. ANTIOCHUS IX. do, do, 93—Cyzenicus, from the city Cyzicus. ANTIOCHUS X. do, do, 90—Pius, ironically so called, because he married Selena, his father and uncle's wife. ANTIOCHUS XII., do, —Dionysius. ANTIOCHUS, the last King of Syria, B.C. 65— Asiaticus ANTONINUS— Pius, from nursing- Adrian, Emperor of Rome; the second

Numa ; the father of his country. ANTONY, (Marc)— Cretensis, from his wars in Crete. AQUILFIA—Secunda Roma, fr>m its g:andeur. ARCHIAS, of Grecian History—the Exile Hunter; Phogadotheras. ARCHIBALD, Earl of Angus, (Scotland)—Black Douglas. ARCHIBALD, do., —Bell the Cat. ARCHONS, 30, of Athens— the 30 Tyrants. ARIARATHES, King of Cappadocia—Philopator, from his piety. AR1STIDES— the Just. ARISTIPPUS—tbe Elder. ARISTIPPU8, Grandson of above—The Younger. ARISTOD EMUS—The Coward. ARISTOMENES, General of Messenia- The Just. ARNOLD OF WINKELREID—The Codrus of Switzerland; of Battle Martyrs Chief.

ARSACES, King of Persia—King of Kings. !

ARTAXERXES I., do— Macrochir and Longimanus ; because one hand was- longer than the other, and standing upright he could touch his knee. ARTAXERXES II., do—Mnemon, the Rememberer. ARTAXERXES III., do—Oehus or the Illegitimate. AT AL ANTA—The Nonacria Herois. ATHENS—Queen of the Sea. AT1LIUS MARCUS, a Poet of Rome—Fcrreus, on accour.t of his unintel- ligible language in his comedies.

BABYLON—The Great ; the Mother of Harlots ; the abomination of the whole Earth. BAHRAM—Guibin or Dry Wood. BAJAZET—Kaissar of Roum, or the Caesar of the Romans. BALTIMORE—The Monumental City. BATAVIA—Queen of the East; Queen of the Eastern Cyclades. BA/TTUS, a Lecedemonian— Felix. BAYARD—Le Chevalier, sans Peur et sans reproche. BEDIN1 (Cardinal,) 19th century—The Butcher of Boulogne.

BELGRADE—The White City ; the Key of the Balk an Range. BENARES—City of Temples. BERANGER—The Burns of France. BERWICK—The English Hanse or Free Town. BIRMINGHAM—The Toy Shop of Europe. BLUCHER— Marshal Forwards. BODY GUARD OF EPAMINONDAS—Sacred Battalion. BODY GUARD OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE—The Old Guard. BODY GUARD OF XERXES—The Invincibles. BOLESLAS I, OF POLAND, A.D. 992—The Lion Hearted. BOLESLAS II, do 1058—The Intrepid. BOLESLAS III, do 1102—Wry Mouth. BOLESLAS IV, do 1146—Curled. BOLESLAS V, do 1227—Chaste.

BOSTON—The Literary Emporium ; the Edinburgh of America. BOZARIS MARCO—The Epaminondas of Modem Greece. BRANDT—The Alchemist of Hamburg. BRIAN BORU—Brian the Great King of all Ireland. BRITISH COURT—The Court of St. James. BURNS, ROBT.—The Ayrshire Bard. BURREL, (Sir C. M.,) Bart, of Shoreham, 1858—The Father of the House of Commons. BUTLER, CAPT.—The Hero of Sil stria.

CACHAT, MICHAEL—Le Geant, from being the first guide who passed the Col-du-Geant—Alps.

CiESAR ; because one was born with a thick head of hair.

Fatimites ; CAIRO ; The City of Victory ; Daughter of the Bride of Sala-

din ; The Tyre of Saracen commerce; City of 1001 lights. CA1US— Caligula, so called from wearing the Caliga, a military covering for the leg. CALCUTTA—The City of Palaces. CALIFORNIA—El Dorada of the West. CAMILLUS—Secundus Romulus; Pater Patriae. CAMPBELL OF LOCHOW—Black Duncan with the Cowl. The Great; The Dane. CANUTE— . CAPE OF GOOD HOPE—Cape of Storms; The Lion of the Sea; The Head of Africa.

CAPUA—Altera Roma; because it rivalled Rome. CARACALLA—The Savage Beast of Ausonia. CARRERA, (Rafael) of Guatimala—The Tiger of the Mountains. CASSIMIR I, of Poland, A.D. 1041—The Pacific. CASSIMIR II, do 1177—The Just. CASSIMIR III, do 1333—The Great.

CASTRIOT, GEO., Prince of Albania, 1404 ; Scandeberg ; The Lord Alex- ander. CATHERINE COMARO—Daughter of St. Mark. CATHOIRE xMOR, Ireland A.D. 122-the Great. CATO (Mi Porcius)— Censorius or the Censor. CATO MARCUS—Uticensis, from his death at CJtica. CEDWAL (Britain)—The Devil, from his inhuman cruelty, CEPHISSUS (river of Greece)— the Divine. CEYLON—the Cinnamon Isle. CHALMERS, DR— the Champion of the Free Church. CHARILA US—the People's Joy. CHARLES I of England—the Martyr King- CHARLES son of Pepin the Short—Martel, from the hammer which he car- ried at his saddle bow.

CHARLES 1 of France A.D. 840—the Bald. CHARLES II A.D. 884—the Fat; Le Gros. CHARLES III A.D. 893—the Simple. CHARLES IV A.D. 1322—the Handsome. CHARLES V A.D. 1364—the Wise. CHARLES VI A.D. 1380-the Beloved. CHARLES VII A.D. 1422— the Victorious. CHARLES VIII A.D. 1483—the Affable. CHARLES II of Navarre, A.D. 1349—the Bad. CHARLES III of Navarre, A.D. 1387—the Noble. CHARLES VIII of Sweden, A.D. 1448—Canuteson. CHARLES XII of Sweden, A.D. 1697—Modern Alexander, the Quixote;

the Military Madman ; the Madman of the North. CHARLEMAGNE— Caesar; Saint; Emperor of the West. CORDAY (Charlotte)—the Heroine of the Reign of Terror. COSMO of Florence—Pater Patrice. CHEOPS and CEPHRENES—Tyrants of Egypt.

CHILDEBERT III ; A.D. 695 ; King of France—the Just. CHILDRIjC or CHILDERIC III of France, A.D. 742—the Simple; the Stu- pid. CHILPERIC II of France, A.D. 716—Daniel. CHINA— the Celestial Empire. CHRICHTON, JAMES— the Admirable.

CHRISTIAN II of Denmark, A.D. 1513—the Cruel ; the Nero of the North.. CHRISTI AN III of Denmark, A.D. lo34—Father of his people. CHRISTINA II of Sweden—the Star of the North.

CICERO—Pater Patriae ; the Roman Orator.

CINCINNATI—Porkopolis ; Queen of the West. CLEMENS, A.D. 206—Alexandrinus; because living in Alexandria. CLODION—the Long Haired or the Hairy. CLOVIS of France, A.D. 481- the Great. CffiUR, Js (1456)—the Gresham of France. COLUMBUS—the Discoverer of the New World. CON CEADCHADHAH, Ireland A.D. 125— Hero of 100 battles. CONNECTICUT— Puritan Connecticut; Charter Oak State. CONSTABLE (The Edinburgh Publisher)—the Napoleon of the Realms of Print. CONSTANTINE, ROMAN EMPEROR—the Great. CONSTANTINE IV. do,—Pogonatus, because he allowed his beard to grow during his Sicilian Voyage. CONSTANTINE V. do,—Copronigmus, because he defiled his baptismal font. CONSTANTINE VII. do—Porphirogenitus, because born in a purple chamber CONSTANTINE X. do,--Monomachus; the single Combatant. CONSTANTINE XI. do,— Ducas, on account of forgetting the duties of an Emperor and warrior and becoming a judge,

CONSTANTINOPLE— Nova Roma; Ottoman Porte ; the City of Minerets Chrusoceras or the GoJden Horn. CONSTANTILFS ROMAN EMPEROR— Chlo.-us, on acconnt of the paleness of his complexion. CONRAD II. or Saxony—the Salique. COOPER, F.—the Scott of America.

CORINTH— Bimaris ; Eye of Greece. CORTEZ FERNANDO—the Conqueror of Mexico. COWPER, WM.— the Bard of Truth and Feeling. CRITIAS—the Handsome Critias. CROMWELL—the Protector. CRONSTADT— the Gibraltar of the North. CROW, the—Type of Types. CYAXARES II.—Darius the Mede. CYRUS—the Elder. CYRUS— the Younger. CZAR NICHOLAS—the Colossus of the North.

DAMASCUS-the Eye of the East. DARIUS II. OF PERSIA—Ochus and Nothus, on account of his illegitimacy. DARIUS III. do— Codomanus, for his Valour.

DAVID—the Psalmist ot Israel ; the Man after God's own heart. DEER, THE—the Monarch of the foreart. DELHI—City of Mosques; The City of the great Mogul

DELPHI—Umbilicus ; Centre of Greece ; The Centre or Navel of the whole world.

DEMETRIUS, Son of Antigonas and Stratonice—Poliorcetes ; The Van- quisher or Destroyer of Cities.

DEMETRIUS J, Son of Seleucas Philopater; Soter or the Deliverer. DEMETRIUS II, of Syria—Nicanor or Nicator—Conqueror. DEMETRIUS III. do Eucerus.

DEMOSTHENES—The Friend and Flatterer of the People ; the Athenian Orator. DENIS, King of Portugal— Dionysius or Father of his Country. DIONYSIUS I, of Syracuse—The Elder.

DIONYSIUS 11, do The Younger. DISABUL, of Asia—Sovereign of the Seven Climates of the Earth. DOM1TIAN—God and Lord. DONNACONA, Indian Chief of Canada—The Lord of Canada. DON CARLOS, A.D. 1461—The Holy Martyr. DOUGALL, (Ciar Mhor)—The Great Mouse Coloured Man. DOUGLAS, Earl of Angus—The Good. DOVER, HASTINGS, HYTHE, ROMILY and SANDWICH, of England —The Cinque Ports. DUKE OF BURGUNDY, (John,)—Sans Peur. DUKE OF SOMERSET, (Geo. Ill )—The Proud Duke. DUKE OF WELLINGTON— Iron Duke; Hero of 100 Fights; The Hero of Waterloo. EAGLE, The—The Kir.g of Birds. EARL OF PEMBROKE—Strong BoW. EARL OF WARWICK, (Rich. Neville,)—The King Maker. his but EDGAR, of England—The Peaceable ; not from want of character, from his injunction " In peace prepare for war." EDINBURGH—Modern Athens. EDMUND—Ironside or the Hardy. EDWARD A.D. 901, of England—the Elder. EDWARD 974, do—the Martyr. EDWARD 1041, do—the Confessor.

EDWARD F. 1272, do—Longshanks. The Justinian of England.

EDWARD II. 1307, do— Caernarvon ; the first Prince of Wales. EDWARD, Grandfather of Henry IV— the Lame. EDWARD, son of Edward III— the Black Prince, on account of his armour; that young Mars of Men. EDWARD, GEO.—Father of Ornithology. EGBERT—King of all England. EGYPT—the Granary of Rome. ELDEST SON of the Queen of England—Prince of Wales. ELDEST SON of the King of France—the Dauphin.

ELIJAH—the Tishbite ; the Man of God. ELIS—the Holy Land of Greece.

ELISA—Did* or the Valiant Woman ; on account of destroying herself on a funeral pyre. EMPEROR OF RUSSIA—Caesar contracted Czar; the Patriarch of the Greek Church, a title which he inherits from Peter the Great. EMMANUEL, King of Portugal, A.D. 1495—the Fortunate. ENGLAND—the fast anchored Isle. ENN1US—the Father of Roman Poetry or Song, and the Homer of Latium. EPHIALTES—the Greek traitor. ERIC II. of Denmark, A.D. 854—the Child. ERIC III. do, 1095—the Good. ERIC IV. do, 1135—the Hare foot. ERIC V. do, 1137—the Lamb. ERIC XIT. of Sweden, A.D. 1223—Le Begue, or the Stammerer. ETH or ETHUS, King of Scotland, A.D. 874—Lightfoot. ETHELRED, of England—the Unready. EURIPEDES, Toet of Greece—Woman hater. EUSEBIUS, A.D. 335—Father of Ecclesiastical History. EUTROP1US—Clarissimus. EVANDER—the Nonacrius Heros.

FABIUS RULL1ANUS—Maximus ; for lessening the power of the plebs at public elections.

FABIUS II. Maximus—Cunctator or Delayer ; the Shield or Buckler of Rome. FABIUS, a Roman Consul— Ambustus, because he was struck with lightning. FACTION, organized by the Duke of Burgundy, A.D. 1411 ;—the Butchers or Cabochins. FATHER OF LOUIS PHILIPPE :—the Infamous Duke of Orleans; Egalile (Equality).

FENELON— the Ornament of his Country. FERCHARD II. of Scotland, A.D. 646— the most execrable of Kings. FERDINAND, King of Castile, A.D. 1035— the Great.

FERDINAND III. do, A.D. 1 21 7-the Saint : the Holy. FERDINAND V. do, 1474— the Catholic. FERDINAND VI. of Spain, A.D. 1745—the Wise. FERGUS, King of Ireland, A.D. 212— Black teeth. FITZ WALTER, ROBT., (King John of England.)— Mareschal of the Army of God and of the Holy Church. FOLLOWERS OF WICKLIFFE— Lollards. FONESCA ISLES, in the Bay of (Mexico)—the Enchanted Isles. FRANKFORT, BREMEN, LUBEC, & HAMBURG—the Hanse Towns. FRANKS— the Free Men. FREDERICK, of lustria, A.D. 1440 -the Pacific. FREDERICK WILLIAM, Duke of Prussia, A.D. 1640—the Great Elector. FREDERICK III. A.D. 1740— the Great. FRUELA, of Christian Spain—the Chaste.

GALLIA BRACC ATA—Breeched Gaul. GALLIA CISALPINA—the Flower of Italy; the support of the Empire; the Ornament of its dignity. GALLIA COMATA—Long Haired Gaul. GALLIA TOGATA—Cloaked Gaul. GARCIAS II, King of Navarre, A.D. 994—The Trembler. GENEVA— Protestant Rome; City of Watches. GIBRALTAR—Key of the Mediterranean; The Babel of Nations. GLENDOWER, OWEN—The Wallace of Wales. GLOUCESTER and WORCESTER, SHIRES—The Cider Counties. GODFREY OF BOUILLON— Baron of the Holy Sepulchre. GODOY OF SPAIN—Prince of Peace. GOLDSMITH, OLIVER -The Bard of Auburn. GONSALVO DE CORDOVA—The Great Captain. GORMO, of Denmark, A.D. 883—The Old. GRAHAM, of Claverhouse— Bonny Dundee. of GREGOR McGREGOR,. (Js. Graham, Glengyle)—Black knee ; (Ghlune Dhue,) from a black spot, seen below the kilt on his knee. GREGORY, Pope—The Great. GREGORY, King of Scotland, A.D. 876- -The Great. GREGORY VII, Pope—Hildebrand. GREGORY XIII, Pope—The greatest Civilian and Canonist of his time. GREGORY, of Nyssa—Pater Patrum. GRESHAM, Sir Thos., (Queen Elizabeth's time)—The Learned Merchant. GRIGG, (Philadelphia Publisher,)—The American Napoleon of the Realms of Print. GRIMUS, King of Scotland, A.D. 995—The Grim. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, of Sweden, A.D. 1611—The Great. GUZMAN EL BUENO—The Good.

HAMILTON, C.W.—The Ambitious Little City. HANNIBAL—The Conqueior of Italy. HAROLD, of Denmark—Harold the Dauntless. HAROLD II, A.D. 935— Blue-tooth. HAROLD U, 1077—The Simple. ;

8

HAROUN, (Arabian), IL RASHAD—The Just. HAYNE, (South Carolina Senator)— Champion of State Rights. HEPHAESTION—The Friend of Alexander the Great. HEGESISTRATES, of Greece—The Army Leader. HELENA, Mother of Constaniine the Great—The Mother of the Holy Land. HELiOGABALUS—The Glutton. HENRY OF BAVARIA, A.D. 1156—The Lion, HENRY I, of England—Beauclerk or Goodscholar. HENRY II—Plantagenet. HENRY PERCY— Hotspur; The Valiant Percy. HENRY VIII—Defender of the Faith. HENRY IV, of France—The Great; The Protestant King. HENRY I, of Bavaria—Le Jcune. HENttY II, of Castile, A.D. 1368— The Gracious. HENRY III, do 1390—The Sickly. HENRY IV, do 1454—The Impotent. HEROD I—The Great. HEROD II—Antipas; The Fox. HESIOD—The earliest of the Poets. HILARY OF POITIERS—The Champion of Athanasius in Gaul. HIPPIAS and HIPPARCHUS—The Pesistratidae.

HOMER—The Blind Bard ; The Blind Man of Scios Rocky Isle ; The Pnnc* of Poets. HORATITJS— Codes, or the one-eyed. HOWARD, JOHN—The Good. HUGH, French King, A.D. 987—Capet from his hat. HUGH, (Count John, of France,)—The Great; The Good. HULL—City of Baltic Trade. HAMADES, JOHN, Governor of Hungary, A.D. 1450—The White Knight Jancus Lain, the Wicked, and Corvinus from the place of his nativity.

INGO, of Sweden, A.D. 1090—The Good. INVERNESS—Queen of the Highlands Isle; the IRELAND—Emerald Gem of Sea ; The Isle of Saints, Sister Isle ; Land ot the Shamrock. ISLE OF MOI^TREAL—The Garden of Canada.

ITALY— Mistress ot the Seas; Empress of the World ; Garden of Europe. IZTACC1HUATL, in Mexico—The White Wile.

JACKAL—The Lion's Provider. JAMES I, of England, and II of Scotland—The wisest fool of Europe; The

scorn of his age ; 2nd Solomon; The Muckle wise man. JAMES II, do —James VII of Scotland. JAMES, (Apostle)—The Greater. JAMES do The Less. JASON OF PHERAE—The Tagos of Thessaly.

JEROBOAM—He who made Israel to sin. JERUSALEM—Holy City ; City of David. JOAN OF ARC, (right name Dare)—Maid of Orleans. JOB—Upright Philosopher of the land U of z ; The most patient of men- JOHN and JAMES—Boanerges, Sons of Thunder. JOHN—The Divine ; Disciple whom Jesus loved. JOHN—The Baptist. JOHN— Last disciple of Ammonius; Philoponus, from his laborious studies in Grammar and Philosophy.

JOHN, of England—Sans Terre ; Lackland ; The Pusillanimous King.

JOHN, the Greek Patriarch, in the days of Gregory the Great; The Faster ; The Oecumenical Bishop.

JOHN 1, Greek Emperor, A.D. 969—Zemisces, from being a very short man. JOHN II, do 1118—Comnenus and Calo, Johannes iron* ically called John the Handsome.

JOHN III, do (Nice)—Vataces. JOHN, (1259)—Lascaris. JOHN, Greek Emperor, A.D 1341 —Paloeo'ogus, from knowing ancient things. JOHN or MANSAR—Damascenus, last of the iireek Fathers. JOHN III. of Brandenburg', A.D. 1476—the Cicero of Germany. JOHN, nephew of Vilaliau, A.D. 538— the Sanguinary. JOHN do, A.D. 1347—Catacuzenus.

JOHN II. of Fiance, A.D. 1350— the Good.

JOHN 111. of Poland—Sobieske ; the Warrior. JUDAS (Judsea)— the Gaulonite. JUDITH—the Charlotte Cor'day of Israel. JULIAN (Roman Emperor)—the Apostate. JUSTIN do—the Elder. JUSTIN do—the Younger. JUSTINIAN—Nobilissimus. JUGGERNAUT (India)—Lord of 'the World.

KATE KEARNEY, of Irish Song—Queen of Grief; from lamenting her lover and drowning herself in Lough Lean. KING OR QUEEN OF ENGLAND—Fountain of Mercy. KING OF FRANCE—Most Christian King, first bestowed by the Pope on Louis XI. KING OF SPAIN— 'his most Cathalic Majesty. KINGS OF EGYPT—Hyksos or Shepherd Kings, KINGS OF PERU—Incas, children of the Sun. KINGS OF POLAND— Piast from Piastus a great Polish' King. KINGS OF SYRIA—Seleucidae, KIOW OR KIEF—the Mother of Russian Cities, KIRKS (Col) soldiers— Kirk's Lambs. KISHON—the ancient river, that river of old. KNOX JOHN— the Scottish Reformer.

LACTANT1US—the Christian Cicero.

LADISLAS I. ofHingay A.D. 1077— the Pious.

LADISLAS I. King of Poland, A.D. 1081—the Careless. LADISLAS IV. do, do, 1296—the Short. LADISLAS VII. do, do, 1632—Vasa. LAELIUS CAIUS—Sapiens or the Wise. LAST 10 KINGSJ3F THE MEROVINGIAN LINE (France)—Sluggard Kings.

LEUTULUS P. COR.—Sura ; from having wasted a large sum of public money, during his questorship under Sylla, and when called to account 10

in the Senate by him, with the utmost indifference declared he had no accounts to show and in3olently showed him thfi Calf, (Sura) of his leg which at a certain game the Roman youth presented lo each other to receive the legal strokes.

LEO, Greek Emperor— the Iconoclast ; Destroyer of Images. LEO, Pope A.D. 448—the Great. LESKO, of Poland V. A.D. 1194— the White. LESKO VI. do, do, 1279— the Black. L1CINIUS, C.—Stolo or the Useless Sprout, on account of the law which he enacted during his tribuneship. LODOVICO OF MIL AN-the, Moor. LONDON— the Mart of the World; Modern Babylon. LOPE DE VAGA (Spain)— the greatest poet of his Era. LORENZO OF FLORENCE—the Magnificent; Father of the Muses.

LOUIS I. of France, A.D. 814—Le Debonnaire.

LOUIS II. d , do, 877— the Stammerer. LOUIS IV. do, do, 936—d'Outremer or Transmarine, from his mother taking him to England. LOUIS V. do, do, 986—the Indolent; the Slothful.

LOUIS VI. do, do, 1108—LeGros; the Lusty ; the Fat. LOUIS VII. do, do, 1137—the Young. LOUIS VIII. do, do, 1223—Cceur de Lion; the Brave.

LOUIS IX. do, do, 1226—St. Louis ; the Saint. LOUIS X. do, do, 1314—Hutin an old French word—head strong.

LOUIS XHI.do, do, 1610—the Just ; Father of his People.

LOUIS XlV.do, do, 1 643—the Great, the Augustus of France ; and Dieu- donne\ LOUIS XV. do, do, 1715—the Well Beloved; but which name he lost. LOUIS XVID. do, 1814—Compte de Provence. LOUIS PHILIPPE, do, 1830—Chas. Smith; the citizen King; King of

the Barricades ; the Napoleon of Peace. LOUIS NAPOLEON—the Eldest son of the Church; the Saviour of So-

ciety; Modern Augustus ; the Messiah of Order ; the Master spirit of the age. LOUIS, Duke of Bavaria, A.D. 1253—the Severe. LUKE— the Beloved Physician. LUTHER—the Day star of Truth. LYCURGUS—the Law giver of Sparta.

MACANALEISTER OF ROB ROY'S BAND- Little John of Scotland. MACEDONIANS—Aegeodae or the Goat's People. MACHADH, MONGRUADH, Queen of Ireland, B.C., 478—The Red Haired Princess. MAGNUS, of Norway, A.D. 1042—The Good. MANLIUS—Torquatus, from stripping the armour off a gigantic Gaul whom he had slain. MANUEL, Greek Emperor, A.D. 1149—The Invincible; The Alexander, the Hercules of his age. MARAT—The most blood-thirsty wretch that ever wore the human form. MARCELLU?—The Sword of Rome. MARCUS ATTILIUS—Terreus, on account of his unintelligible language. MAKCIUS CAIUS—Cariolanus from taking the town of Corioli. MARGARET, Queen of Scotland, A.D. 1285—Maiden of Norway. 11

MARGARET, of Denmark, A.D. 1387—Semiramis of the North. MARION, FRANCIS, (U. S.)—The Invincible. MARLBOROUGH, Duke of—Corporal John. MARY OF ENGLAND—Bloody Mary. MASSY, Capt. (1854)— Hoy of the Redan. MASTER OF BATH, The, England—Beau Nash, King of Bath.

MATHESON, Sir Js. of Lewis, Scotland ; Golden Matheson. MATILDA OF ENGLAND—Good Queen Maude. MATTHEW—The Publican. MATHEW, Father, Ireland—The Apostle of Temperance. MAURICE, Greek Emperor, A.D. 582—The Cappadocian. MAXIMILIAN, of Bavaria, A.D. 1597—The Great. MAXIMILIAN " A.D. 1679—Emanuel. McDONALD,—Lord of thelsles.

MECCA -The Noble ; The Holy City; Tne Mother City ; The Blest. MEDINA—City of the Prophet. MEDON OF GREECE—The Ruler. MENEDEMUS the Philosopher—The Eretian Bull, for his gravity. xMERODACH OF BABYLON—Evil Merodach. METZ—The Woolwich of France. MEXICO CITY—Finest City in the New World.

MICHAEL I, A.D. 84, Greek Emperor—Palaeologus ; knowing ancient things.

MICHAEL IT, do 820- The Stammerer. MICHAEL III, do 842—Porphyrogenitus, having been born in the Purple Chamber, appropriated to the Queen of the Eastern Empire; also the Sot. MICHAEL IV, 1034—The Paphagonian. MICHAEL V, 1041—Calaphates; from his father's trade being that o careening vessels.

MICHAEL VI, 1056—Stratioticus or Strato ; signifying his military profes- sion. MICHAEL VII, 1071 —Parapinaces, from the reproach which he shared with. an avaricious favourite who enhanced the price but lessened the measure of wheat. MICHAEL VIII, A.D. 1260—Palaeologus. M1DDLETON, JOHN, a Giant, A.D. 1590—The Child of Hale. MIECESLAS III, King of Poland, A.D. 1173—The Old. MILAN—Novae Athenae. MILTON—Lady of Christ's Church College. M1NESOTA—Garden of the West.

MITHRADATES VII, of Pontus—Eupator ; The Great. MOHAMMED—The Apostle of God. MONMOUTH, Duke of—Darling of the English people. MONTREAL—Commercial Emporium of Canada. MORAVIANS—The Brotherhood.

MORGARTEN—The Marathon of Switzerland.

MOSCOW—Mother Moscow, City of a thousand lights. MOiES—The meekest man the ; Jewish lawgiver. MUMMIUS, L—Achaicus, from his many victories. MURAT—Le Beau Sabreur. MUTIUS—Scaevola or the left-handed. 12

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE—Le Petit Corporal ; that man o* blood ; hero of 100 fights. NATIONS tothe north of Italy, (middle ages)—the Womb of Nations. NATJPACTUS, in Greece—the ship building- Town. NEBUCHADNEZZAR— Hammar of the whole earth. NEW HAVEN—the City of Elms. NEW ORLEANS—the Crescent City. NEWTON—the greatest philosopher of his age. NEW YORK—Empire City, the commercial Emporium. NIALL, King of Ireland, A.D. 375—of the nint hostages. NICOLAS, Pope A.D. 858—the Great. NICOLAS, Czar of Russia— the Colossus of the North. NICOMEDES II. of Bythyma—Philopater, ironically so called. NICOTELEIA—Victory Completer. NIMROD—the mighty Hunter. NOVOGOROD, in Russia—the Great.

OAXACA VALLEY (Mexico)—Garden of Mexico.

O'CONNELL, DANIEL—the Champion of Liberty ; the Liberator. ODLAMH FODHLA, (B. C. 934) Ireland—the wisest and most virtuous Prince that ever mounted the Irish throne. ODOACER—the Goth.

OLIVER, of Denmark—Burnakal ; Preserver of Children, from his forbidding his soldiers tossing children on their spears. ONIGNATHOS, in Greece—the Ass's Jaw. ORIGEN A.D. 250—Adamatus, from his assiduity in learning. OSSIFRAGE—the scavenger of Egypt. OTHO II. of Bavaria, A.D. 1253—the Illustrious.

OTHO I. Germany—the Great. OTHO II.—the Bloody. OTHO V.—Le Faineant.

OUTRAM, SIR JAMES— the Bayard of the Indian army ; sans peur et sans reproche.

PAPIRUS—Praetex tatus, from an action of his whilst wearing the toga prae- texta. PARIS— Centre of Fashion; Metropolis of the Civilized World. PARIS, son of Priam, King- of Troy—Alexander or Defender. PARRHASIUS the Ephesian—King of Painters.

PAUL— the Apostle of the Gentiles ; the aged. PAULUS iEMYLIUS—Macedomcus from conquering Macedonia. PEDRO, OR PETER, of Spain, A.D. 1350—the Cruel. PEDRO OF ARRAGON—Peter of Navarre.

PUPIN, of France—the Short ; Major Domus. PETER, (Monk)—the Hermit. PETER, of Russia— the Great. PETER, of Portugal, A.D. 1357—the Severe. PETER, (Simon)—the Rock greatest of the Apostles. ; PERTHSHIRE—garden of Scotland. PHILADELPHIA— City of Quakers; City of Brotherly Love. PHILIP, the Greek Emperor—the Arabian or Arabus. 13

PHILIP I. of Fiance, A.D. 1060— the Fair; PAmouroux.

PHrLIP 11. do, 1180—Augustus.

PHILIP III. do, 1270—the Hardy. PHILIP IV. do, 1285—the Fair. PHILIP V. do, 1316— the Long; the young. PHILIP VI. do, 1328— Fortunate. PHILOPCEMEN—Last of the Greeks. PHOCION, the Athenian—the Good.

PHYRRUS, King of Epirus— called Phyrrus from the redness of his hair Neoptolemus or the New Warrior. PIZARRO— the Conqueror of Peru. PLINY—the Elder. PLINY—the Younger. POMPEY CREUS—Strabo, because he squinted. POMPEY T.— Attic us from speaking Greek fluently.

PONTIFF OF ROME—Servant of the Servants of God ; the Vicar of Christ. POPOCATEPETL, in Mexico— Mountain of Smoke. PORTOBELLO, (South America)—The grave of Europeans. PRUSIAS, King of Bithynia, B.C. 149—Venater. PTOLEMY I, of Egypt—Lagus; S;)ter or Deliverer, according to Daniel, King of the North. PTOLEMY II, do Philadelphia by antiphrasis, because he slew two of his brothers. PTOLEMY III, do Euergetes or the Benefactor.

PTOLEMY IV, do Philopator, ironically so called because he poisoned his father; Tiphon for his debaucheries; Gallus because he appeared in the streets of Alexandria like a bacchanal. PTOLEMY V, do Ephiphanes, the illustrious. PTOLEMY VI, do Philometor, from hating his mother. PTOLEMY VII, do Physcon, from his big belly; also Kakerg-etes or the evil doer. PTOLEMY VIII, do Lathyrus, from a wart on his nose, also Soter. PTOLEMY IX, do Auletes, from playing skilfully on the Flute. PUBLIUS OF ROME—Publicola or the People's Friend. PYTHOGORAS, Sophist then Philosopher.

QUEEN, The—Fountain of Mercy. QUEEN ANNE, of England—Good Queen Anne. QUEEN CLEOPATRA—Last of the Ptolemies. QUEEN ELIZABETH, of England—Occidental Star; Good Queen Bess. QUINTIUS LUCIUS—Cincinnatus or Curly Headed; Serranus, because he was sowing his fields when elected dictator.

QUINTUS SERVILIUS PUB— Isauricus from conquering Isauria. QUINTIUS C^CILIUS METELLUS—Numidicus. QUINTIUS LUCIUS—Macedonicus. QUINTIUS LUCIUS METELLUS—Creticus. QUINTIUS LUCIUS CACCILIUS—Dalmaticus.

RALEIGH CITY, (N. C.)—The City of Oaks. RAMSAY, of Scotland—The Chevalier Ramsay. RAPHAEL—The Prince of Painters. 14

RICHARD 1—Coeur de Lion; The Dauntless. RICHARD II—The English Heliogabalus.

RICHARD III— Crook Back; Crooked Back Tyrant ; The English Nero. RICHELIEU—The haughty Richelieu. ROBERT DE KEITH—Mansehal of Scotland. ROBERT FITZWALTER, (England)— Marischal of the Armies of God and of the Holy Church. ROBERT, Duke of Normandy—The DeviL ROBERT, Grandson of do — Curthose. ROBERT, of Naples—The Good. ROBERT II, of France—The Sage. ROBERT II, of Scotland—The Bruce of Bannockburn. ROB ROY—The Robin Hood of Scotland. RODERICK, of Spain—Last of the Goths.

RODRIGRO DIAZ DE VIVAR—Campeador or Battler ; C id or Chief. ROMULUS—The Founder of Rome. ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS—So called in derision, last Emperor of the West. RULERS OF VENICE—The Doges.

SAMSON—The Strongest Man. SAMUEL—Last of the Judges. SANCHO III, of Navarre, A.D. 1000—The Great. SANCHO VI, do 1150—The Wise. SANCHO VII, do 1194—The Infirm. SANCHO II, of Castile, A.D. 1065—The Strong. SANCHO III, do 1157—The Beloved.

SANCHO IV, do 1284—The Great ; The Brave. SAPOR—Doulacnaf or Protector of the Nation. SARPI THE HISTORIAN—Father Paul. SCAL1GER, JOSEPH, of Italy—The Colossus of Literature. SCOTLAND—Land of the Thistle.

SCOTT, Sir Walter—The Great Unknown ; JLion of the North.

SELEUCUS I, of Syria—Nicator or Victorious, according to the Prophet

Daniel ; King of the North. SELEUCUS II, do Callinicus, from his very unfortunate reign; Pagon, from his long beard. SELEUCUS III, do Ceraunus, ironically, the Thunderer. SELEUCUS IV, do Philopator, or according to Josephus, Soter, the Deli- verer. SELEUCUS, a Prince of Syria—Cybiosactes or Scullion, from his meanness and avarice. SELIM—The Conqueror of the World. SESOSTRIS—So; King of Kings. SHAKESPEARE—Bard of Avon; Poet of Nature; Fancy's Child; Honey Tongued Shakespeare. SIDON—The Daughter of Tyre. SIERRA LEONE—The White Man's Grave. SIGISMOND I, of Poland, A.D. 1506—The Great. SIG1SMOND II, do 1543—Augustus. SIMON—Stylites from staying 30 years on the top of a pillar. SIMONIDES—The Divine. SISYPHUS, of Corinth—Most crafty of men. 15

SMERD1S—The Marian ; The Usurper. SOCRATES—The most celebrated Philosopher of Antiquity. SOLOMON—The Wisest Man. SOLON—The Athenian Lawgiver. ST. CYPRIAN— Brightest Ornament of the African Church. STEPHEN—The 1st Martyr. ST. FRANCISCO—The Golden Gate. STOCKHOLM—The Venice of the North. STUART, Sir John—Hero of the Plains oi Maida. SYLLA COR— Felix or the Fortunate.

TELL, WM.—Tln Wallace of Switzerland. THEBES, in Greece— Heptapylos from its 7 Gates.

THEBES, in Egypt—Diospolis, or City of Jupiter; Hecatompylos from its 100 Gates. THOMAS A. BECKET— St. Thomas of Canterbury.

THEODOSIUS, Greek Emperor—The Great ; Augustus, The Invincible. THEOPHILUS, (Gieek History)—The Unfortunate. THERMOPYLAE—The Key of Greece. THIBET— the Switzerland of Asia. TIBERIAS III. Greek Emperor—Aspimar. TIMES, Newspaper of London—the Thunderer. TIMON, of Athens—Misanthrope. TITUS—the Delight of Mankind. TURBOT, the—The pheasant of the waters. TURLOUGH 11. (O'Connor) A.D. 1130 (Ireland)—the Great. TYRE—the sister of Sielon.

UGATNE MOR, (Ireland) B. C. 451— the Great. ULPHILAS—the Apostle of the Goths.

VALDIMIR I. Duke, of Kiov (Russia)—the Great. VALDIMIR II. do-the Victorious.

VALERIAN, the Roman Emperor—Sapor's Foot stool, from allowing that king to place one foot on his back whilst mounting his horse. VANDALS—the Wanderers.

VANCOUVERS ISLE-Gibraltar of the Fuca Straits.

VENICE—Queen of the Adriatic ; Swan of the Ditto. VIRGIL—Prince of the Latin Poets. VISCOUNT, St. Vincent (1858)— Father of the House of Peers. VOLKOF, of the Russian Theatre—the Garnck of Russia. VORTIGERN—Pendragon or Head King.

WALDEMAR, King of Denmark—the Great. WALDEMAR do, do—the Victor. WALLACE, WM.—the Hero of Scotland. WALTER— the Penniless. WAT— the Tiler or Tyler. 16

WASHINGTON, GEO.— Father of his country ; Father of the People ; Saye of Mount Vernon. WASHINGTON CITY—City of Magnificent Distances. WEBSTER, (Mass)—Defender of the Coustitution. WICKLIFFE—Morning Star of the Reformation.

WILLIAM I, of England—The Conqueror; The Bastard. WILLIAM II, do —Rufus. WILLIAM III, do —Prince of Orange. WILLIAM, King of Scotland—The Lion. WOLSEY—The Boy Bachelor; graduated at 14 years. WREN, (Christopher Sir)—The Greatest Architect of his day.

XENOPHON—The Attic Muse.

ZENGIS KHAN—The Most Great.

ZENOBIA—Queen of the East ; Star of the East. ZENO, Greek Emperor, A.D. 474—The Isaunan.

FINIS. 3