Descendants of Paramund
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Ancient Times (A.D
The Catholic Faith History of Catholicism A Brief History of Catholicism (Excerpts from Catholicism for Dummies) Ancient Times (A.D. 33-741) Non-Christian Rome (33-312) o The early Christians (mostly Jews who maintained their Jewish traditions) o Jerusalem’s religious establishment tolerated the early Christians as a fringe element of Judaism o Christianity splits into its own religion . Growing number of Gentile converts (outnumbered Jewish converts by the end of the first century) . Greek and Roman cultural influences were adapted into Christianity . Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in A.D. 70 (resulted in the final and formal expulsion of the Christians from Judaism) o The Roman persecutions . The first period (A.D. 68-117) – Emperor Nero blamed Christians for the burning of Rome . The second period (A.D. 117-192) – Emperors were less tyrannical and despotic but the persecutions were still promoted . The third period (A.D. 193-313) – Persecutions were the most virulent, violent, and atrocious during this period Christian Rome (313-475) o A.D. 286 Roman Empire split between East and West . Constantinople – formerly the city of Byzantium and now present- day Istanbul . Rome – declined in power and prestige during the barbarian invasions (A.D. 378-570) while the papacy emerged as the stable center of a chaotic world o Roman Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in A.D. 313 which legalized Christianity – it was no longer a capital crime to be Christian o A.D. 380 Christianity became the official state religion – Paganism was outlawed o The Christian Patriarchs (Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople) . -
And You Will Know the Truth
And You Will Know The Truth How to Explain and Defend The Catholic Faith Sebastian R. Fama And You Will Know The Truth How to Explain and Defend The Catholic Faith Sebastian R. Fama Permission is hereby granted by the author to print, copy or distribute anything in this book. Additional copies of this book may be downloaded for free at: www.StayCatholic.com/free_online_book.htm. Updated June 8, 2021 www.StayCatholic.com Table of Contents Part One - The Essays Introduction to The Essays - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1. Creationism or Evolution? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 2. The Bible - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 3. The Trinity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 4. Jesus is the Messiah - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 5. The Church - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 6. The Pope - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 7. Papal Infallibility - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 8. The Canon of Scripture - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 9. Scripture Alone - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19 10. Tradition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21 11. Justification - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23 12. Can Salvation Be Lost? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25 13. Baptism - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27 14. The Mass - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 15. The Eucharist - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Complete Dissertation
University of Groningen The growth of an Austrasian identity Stegeman, Hans IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2014 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Stegeman, H. (2014). The growth of an Austrasian identity: Processes of identification and legend construction in the Northeast of the Regnum Francorum, 600-800. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 02-10-2021 The growth of an Austrasian identity Processes of identification and legend construction in the Northeast of the Regnum Francorum, 600-800 Proefschrift ter verkrijging van het doctoraat aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de rector magnificus dr. -
Attila the Hun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attila_the_Hun Attila the Hun Attila (406 – 453), also known as Attila the Hun, was leader (Khagan) of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the River Danube to the Baltic Sea. During his rule, he was one of the most fearsome of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires' enemies: he invaded the Balkans twice and marched through Gaul (modern France) as far as Orleans before being defeated at the Battle of Chalons. He refrained from attacking either Constantinople or Rome . In much of Western Europe, he is remembered as the epitome of cruelty and rapacity. In contrast, some histories and chronicles lionize him as a great and noble king, and he plays major roles in three Norse sagas. Mór Than's painting The Feast of Attila, based on a fragment of Priscus (depicted at right, dressed in white and holding his history): "When evening began to draw in, torches were lighted, and two barbarians came forward in front of Attila and sang songs which they had composed, hymning his victories and his great deeds in war. And the banqueters gazed at them, and some were rejoiced at the songs, others became excited at heart when they remembered the wars, but others broke into tears—those whose bodies were weakened by time and whose spirit was compelled to be at rest. Invasion of Italy and death Raphael's The Meeting between Leo the Great and Attila shows Leo I, with Saint Peter and Saint Paul above him, going to meet Attila Attila returned in 452 to claim his marriage to Honoria anew, invading and ravaging Italy along the way. -
Jornal Oficial C307 45.O Ano Das Comunidades Europeias 10 De Dezembro De 2002
ISSN 0257-7771 Jornal Oficial C307 45.o ano das Comunidades Europeias 10 de Dezembro de 2002 Edição em língua portuguesa Comunicações e informações Número de informação Índice Página I Comunicações Comissão 2002/C 307/01 Lista das instituições de crédito nos termos do artigo 11.o da Directiva 2000/12/CE (adoptada em 31 de Dezembro de 2001) — Vigésima edição . ................ 1 Preço: 46,00 EUR PT 10.12.2002 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias C 307/1 I (Comunicações) COMISSÃO Lista das instituições de crédito nos termos do artigo 11.o da Directiva 2000/12/CE (2002/C 307/01) Nos termos do artigo 11.o da Directiva 2000/12/CE do A presente lista foi elaborada pela Comissão com base nas Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho,de 20 de Março de 2000, indicações fornecidas pelos Estados-Membros. Não tem qualquer relativa ao acesso à actividade das instituições de crédito e ao seu carácter jurídico,ao contrário do registo dos bancos em alguns exercício (1),a Comissão deve elaborar e publicar uma lista de Estados-Membros,e o facto de nela constar não tem qualquer todas as instituições de crédito autorizadas nos Estados-Mem- efeito constitutivo. Se uma instituição não autorizada figurar na bros. lista por engano,não haverá consequências quanto à sua situação jurídica. Se uma instituição autorizada tiver sido A Comissão encarrega-se,pela vigésima vez,desta missão, omitida por engano,este facto não afecta em nada a validade através da presente comunicação,cujo anexo contém a lista da sua autorização. A Comissão só é responsável quanto à destas instituições,baseada nas últimas informações disponíveis. -
The Four Marks Sample Issue.Pdf
One Holy Catholic Apostolic The Four Marks June 2012 Vol. 7 No. 6 The marks by which men will know His Church are four: $4.75 Month of the Sacred Heart one, holy, catholic, and apostolic AD APOSTOLORUM Ages-old traditions carved in stone PRINCIPIS Encyclical of Pope Pius XII Pope's Butler GRESHAM, Ore., May Voice of the Papacy 30—Vatican leaks are the tip of the iceberg, investigators allege; the real story involves On Communism and the mud-slinging cardinals who Church in China are positioning to be Bene- June 29, 1958 dict's successor. Vatican in- siders are abuzz this week To Our Venerable Brethren following news that Bene- and Beloved Children, the dict's butler, Paolo Gabriele Archbishops, Bishops, other was arrested by magistrates as Local Ordinaries, and Clergy the source behind leaked and People of China in Peace documents, the so-called Va- and Communion with the Apos- tileaks scandal that has tolic See. plagued Rome since 2011. The media seem to be glee- Venerable Brethren and Be- fully speculating about a loved Children, Greetings and deeper more sinister plot. Apostolic Benediction. They may be hoping that they have found the ultimate At the tomb of the Prince of the weapon to destroy the Catho- Apostles, in the majestic Vati- lic Church-- which they think can Basilica, Our immediate they are attacking. Investiga- Predecessor of deathless mem- tors point to one man in par- ory, Pius XI, duly consecrated ticular, the Vatican secretary and raised to the fullness of the of state, Cardinal Tarcisio priesthood, as you well know, Bertone. -
Niedersachsen Ein Porträt
Herausgegeben von der Niedersächsischen Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Hannover 1999. Redaktion: Peter Hoffmann, Winfried Meis, Ekkehard Stüber Redaktionsschluß: 1. März 1999 Herstellung und Gestaltung: Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politsche Bildung Abbildungen: 1. Umschlagseite: Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg: Media Mobil, Hannover Die Nachweise der übrigen Bilder siehe Kapitel „Städte in Niedersachsen – Kurzportraits“. 2. Umschlagseite: Niedersachsenkarte, Quelle: Diercke Österreich, Westermann Schulbuchverlag. Die Veröffentlichung stellt keine Meinungsäußerung der Niedersächsischen Landeszentrale für politische Bildung dar. Für die inhaltlichen Aussagen tragen die Autoren die Verantwortung. Verlag: Joh. Heinr. Meyer, Braunschweig Druck: braunschweig-druck GmbH, Braunschweig Umweltfreundlich hergestellt auf chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier. ISBN 3-926701-38-2 Inhalt Lage und Größe . .5 Landesnatur – Naturräumliche und landschaftliche Ausstattung . .11 Geschichte des Landes Niedersachsen . .31 Bevölkerung und Siedlung . .51 Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Altersaufbau . .51 Arbeitsmarkt: Erwerbstätigkeit, Arbeitslosigkeit und Qualifikationsstrukturen . .62 Mundarten und Hochsprache . .74 Siedlungsstrukturen . .81 Gesundheitliche Versorgung und Sozialsystem . .90 Wirtschaft . .103 Energierohstoffe, mineralische Bodenschätze und Torf . .103 Internationale Verflechtungen . .113 Verarbeitendes Gewerbe . .121 Land-, Forst- und Fischwirtschaft . .134 Handel und dienstleistendes Gewerbe . .143 Erholung und Fremdenverkehr . .149 Verkehrsinfrastruktur -
Contributors
CONTRIBUTORS Bernard S. Bachrach received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1966. Professor of History at the University of Minnesota- Twin Cities, he is author of Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to Empire (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), Armies and Politics in the Early Medieval West (Aldershot: Variorum, 1993), and Fulk Nerra-the Neo Roman Consul: A Political Biography of the Angevin Count (987–1040) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993). Lisa M. Bitel received her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1987. She is currently Professor of History and Gender Studies at the University of Southern California and is author of Isle of the Saints: Monastic Settlement and Christian Community in Early Ireland (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990), Land of Women: Tales of Sex and Gender from Early Ireland (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996), and Women in Early Medieval Europe (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002). Constance Brittain Bouchard received her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1976. Distinguished Professor of History at the University of Akron, she is the author of “Those of My Blood”: Constructing Noble Families in Medieval Francia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), “Every Valley Shall Be Exalted”: The Discourse of Opposites in Twelfth- Century Thought (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003), and “Strong of Body, Brave and Noble”: Chivalry and Society in Medieval France (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998). Charles R. Bowlus received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts in 1973. Emeritus Professor of History as the University of Arkansas-Little Rock, he is author of Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube 788–907 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995) and The Battle of Lechfeld and Its Aftermath, August 955: The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006). -
Selected Ancestors of the Chicago Rodger's
Selected Ancestors of the Chicago Rodger’s Volume I: Continental Ancestors Before Hastings David Anderson March 2016 Charlemagne’s Europe – 800 AD For additional information, please contact David Anderson at: [email protected] 508 409 8597 Stained glass window depicting Charles Martel at Strasbourg Cathedral. Pepin shown standing Pepin le Bref Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders 2 Continental Ancestors Before Hastings Saints, nuns, bishops, brewers, dukes and even kings among them David Anderson March 12, 2016 Abstract Early on, our motivation for studying the ancestors of the Chicago Rodger’s was to determine if, according to rumor, they are descendants of any of the Scottish Earls of Bothwell. We relied mostly on two resources on the Internet: Ancestry.com and Scotlandspeople.gov.uk. We have been subscribers of both. Finding the ancestral lines connecting the Chicago Rodger’s to one or more of the Scottish Earls of Bothwell was the most time consuming and difficult undertaking in generating the results shown in a later book of this series of three books. It shouldn’t be very surprising that once we found Earls in Scotland we would also find Kings and Queens, which we did. The ancestral line that connects to the Earls of Bothwell goes through Helen Heath (1831-1902) who was the mother and/or grandmother of the Chicago Rodger’s She was the paternal grandmother of my grandfather, Alfred Heath Rodger. Within this Heath ancestral tree we found four lines of ancestry without any evident errors or ambiguities. Three of those four lines reach just one Earl of Bothwell, the 1st, and the fourth line reaches the 1st, 2nd and 3rd. -
Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony
he collection of essays presented in “Devotional Cross-Roads: Practicing Love of God in Medieval Gaul, Jerusalem, and Saxony” investigates test case witnesses of TChristian devotion and patronage from Late Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, set in and between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean, as well as Gaul and the regions north of the Alps. Devotional practice and love of God refer to people – mostly from the lay and religious elite –, ideas, copies of texts, images, and material objects, such as relics and reliquaries. The wide geographic borders and time span are used here to illustrate a broad picture composed around questions of worship, identity, reli- gious affiliation and gender. Among the diversity of cases, the studies presented in this volume exemplify recurring themes, which occupied the Christian believer, such as the veneration of the Cross, translation of architecture, pilgrimage and patronage, emergence of iconography and devotional patterns. These essays are representing the research results of the project “Practicing Love of God: Comparing Women’s and Men’s Practice in Medieval Saxony” guided by the art historian Galit Noga-Banai, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the histori- an Hedwig Röckelein, Georg-August-University Göttingen. This project was running from 2013 to 2018 within the Niedersachsen-Israeli Program and financed by the State of Lower Saxony. Devotional Cross-Roads Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony Edited by Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover Röckelein/Noga-Banai/Pinchover Devotional Cross-Roads ISBN 978-3-86395-372-0 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover (Eds.) Devotional Cross-Roads This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. -
FRENCH REVOLUTION PART 3 from the Directory 1794-1799 To
FRENCH REVOLUTION PART 3 From the Directory 1794-1799 to Napoleon Bonaparte The Terror July 1793-July 1794 Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety Inscription on Engraving from 1795, after pyramid: Thermidor “Here lies all Robespierre guillotines the France.” executioner, after all France has been guillotined Constitutions of 1791 and 1793 are beneath his feet COUP D’ĖTAT OF THERMIDOR JULY Execution of Robespierre, 1794 Saint Just, Couthon July 1794 End of the Jacobin Terror, start of White Terror" -- execution of 72 leading Jacobins in one day The Directory takes power 1794- 1799 The Directory: July 1794-1799 Paul Barras one of the five Directors making up the executive council Legislature under Directory is Drawing of bicameral: member of Council of Council of Elders = upper house Elders -- pseudo-Roman Council of 500 = lower house robes Constitution of the Year V 1795 Third constitution – one every two years 1791, 1793 Ends universal male suffrage Indirect elections (electoral college like USA) Bicameral legislature upper house as more elite restraint on lower house LOUIS XVII -- never reigned son & heir of Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette b. 1785 d. 1795 June in prison of illness at age 10 (age 8 at time of Marie Antoinette’s trial) Set back for royalist hopes for restoration of monarchy – but the eventual Louis XVIII restored in 1814 was the brother (in exile since 1792) of King Louis XVI executed in Jan 1793. REVOLT OF GERMINAL (Spring 1795): Parisian sans culottes riot, call for "bread & Constitution of 1793," but no more political -
Russian Viking and Royal Ancestry
GRANHOLM GENEALOGY RUSSIAN/VIKING ANCESTRY Direct Lineage from: Rurik Ruler of Kievan Rus to: Lars Erik Granholm 1 Rurik Ruler of Kievan Rus b. 830 d. 879 m. Efenda (Edvina) Novgorod m. ABT 876 b. ABT 850 2 Igor Grand Prince of Kiev b. ABT 835 Kiev,Ukraine,Russia d. 945 Kiev,Ukraine,Russia m. Olga Prekrasa of Kiev b. ABT 890 d. 11 Jul 969 Kiev 3 Sviatoslav I Grand Prince of Kiev b. ABT 942 d. MAR 972 m. Malusha of Lybeck b. ABT 944 4 Vladimir I the Great Grand Prince of Kiev b. 960 Kiev, Ukraine d. 15 Jul 1015 Berestovo, Kiev m. Rogneda Princess of Polotsk b. 962 Polotsk, Byelorussia d. 1002 [daughter of Ragnvald Olafsson Count of Polatsk] m. Kunosdotter Countess of Oehningen [Child of Vladimir I the Great Grand Prince of Kiev and Rogneda Princess of Polotsk] 5 Yaroslav I the Wise Grand Duke of Kiew b. 978 Kiev d. 20 Feb 1054 Kiev m. Ingegerd Olofsdotter Princess of Sweden m. 1019 Russia b. 1001 Sigtuna, Sweden d. 10 Feb 1050 [daughter of Olof Skötkonung King of Sweden and Estrid (Ingerid) Princess of Sweden] 6 Vsevolod I Yaroslavich Grand Prince of Kiev b. 1030 d. 13 Apr 1093 m. Irene Maria Princess of Byzantium b. ABT 1032 Konstantinopel, Turkey d. NOV 1067 [daughter of Constantine IX Emperor of Byzantium and Sclerina Empress of Byzantium] 7 Vladimir II "Monomach" Grand Duke of Kiev b. 1053 d. 19 May 1125 m. Gytha Haraldsdotter Princess of England m. 1074 b. ABT 1053 d. 1 May 1107 [daughter of Harold II Godwinson King of England and Ealdgyth Swan-neck] m.