CONTRIBUTORS Bernard S. Bachrach received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1966. Professor of History at the University of Minnesota- Twin Cities, he is author of Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to Empire (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), Armies and Politics in the Early Medieval West (Aldershot: Variorum, 1993), and Fulk Nerra-the Neo Roman Consul: A Political Biography of the Angevin Count (987–1040) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993). Lisa M. Bitel received her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1987. She is currently Professor of History and Gender Studies at the University of Southern California and is author of Isle of the Saints: Monastic Settlement and Christian Community in Early Ireland (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990), Land of Women: Tales of Sex and Gender from Early Ireland (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996), and Women in Early Medieval Europe (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002). Constance Brittain Bouchard received her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1976. Distinguished Professor of History at the University of Akron, she is the author of “Those of My Blood”: Constructing Noble Families in Medieval Francia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), “Every Valley Shall Be Exalted”: The Discourse of Opposites in Twelfth- Century Thought (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003), and “Strong of Body, Brave and Noble”: Chivalry and Society in Medieval France (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998). Charles R. Bowlus received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts in 1973. Emeritus Professor of History as the University of Arkansas-Little Rock, he is author of Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube 788–907 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995) and The Battle of Lechfeld and Its Aftermath, August 955: The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006). 222 CONTRIBUTORS Celia Chazelle received her Ph.D. from Yale University in 1985. Professor of History at the College of New Jersey, she is the author of The Crucified God in the Carolingian Era: Theology and the Art of Christ’s Passion (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001), and the editor of The Study of the Bible in the Carolingian Era (with Burton Van Name Edwards) (Turnhout: Brepols, 2003) and Literacy, Politics, and Artistic Innovation in the Early Medieval West (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1992). Florin Curta received his Ph.D. from Western Michigan University in 1998. Associate Professor of History and Archaeology at the University of Florida, he is the author of The Making of the Slavs. History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001) and Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, ca. 500– 1250 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006). Jason Glenn received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1997. He is Associate Professor of History at the University of Southern California, and is the author of Politics and History in the Tenth Century: The Work and World of Richer of Reims (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004). Genevra Kornbluth received her Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1986. An Independent Scholar, she is the author of Engraved Gems of the Carolingian Empire (University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1995) and Amulets, Power and Identity in Early Medieval Europe (forthcoming, Oxford University Press). Michael Kulikowski received his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1998. Associate Professor of History at the University of Tennessee- Knoxville, he is the author of Late Roman Spain and Its Cities (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004) and Rome’s Gothic Wars from the Third Century to Alaric (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006). Felice Lifshitz received her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1988 and is Professor of History and Fellow of the Honors College at Florida International University. She is the author of The Norman Conquest of Pious Neustria: Historiographic Discourse and Saintly Relics, 684–1090 (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies Press, 1995) and The Name of the Saint: The Martyrology of Jerome and Access to the Sacred in Francia, 627–827 (Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2005). CONTRIBUTORS 223 Lawrence Nees received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1977. Professor of Art History at the University of Delaware, he is the author of Early Medieval Art (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), A Tainted Mantle: Hercules and the Classical Tradition at the Carolingian Court (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991), and The Gundohinus Gospels (Cambridge, MA: Medieval Academy of America, 1987). SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Aitchison, N.B. “The Ulster Cycle: Heroic Image and Historical Reality.” Journal of Medieval History 13 (1987): 87–116. Adams, Henry. Mont St. Michel and Chartres, intro. and notes Raymond Carney. New York: Penguin Books, 1986. Alexander, Jonathan J.G. Insular Manuscripts, 6th to the 9th Century. London: Harvey Miller, 1978. Algazi, Gadi, Valentin Groebner, and Bernhard Jussen, eds. Negotiating the Gift: Pre-Modern Figurations of Exchange. Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 188. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2003. Allen, Terry. Five Essays on Islamic Art. 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