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Centaurea Aspera Subsp. Geladensis, Subsp

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Centaurea Aspera Subsp. Geladensis, Subsp Flora Montiberica 72: 25-33 (XI-2018). ISSN: 1138-5952, edic. digital: 1988-799X CENTAUREA ASPERA SUBSP. GELADENSIS, SUBSP. NOV. (SECT. SERIDIA (JUSS.) DC., ASTERACEAE), UN NUEVO TAXON PARA LA FLORA VALENCIANA P. Pablo FERRER-GALLEGO1,2, Manuel B. CRESPO3, José L. SOLANAS3, Inmaculada FERRANDO1,2 & Emilio LAGUNA1 1 Servicio de Vida Silvestre. Centro para la Investigación y Experimentación Forestal, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda. Comarques del País Valencià, 114. 46930 Quart de Poblet, Valencia. [email protected] 2 VAERSA. Avda. Cortes Valencianas 20. 46015-Valencia 3 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN) & Instituto de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99. 03080-Alicante. [email protected]. Resumen: Se describe una nueva subespecie de Centaurea aspera L. (sect. Seridia (Juss.) DC., Asteraceae) procedente de las dunas fósiles del Parque Natu- ral de Serra Gelada (L’Alfàs del Pi y Benidorm, Alicante, España). Se proporcio- nan datos morfológicos y ecológicos que permiten la diferenciación de la nueva subespecie con sus dos parientes cercanos C. aspera subsp. aspera y C. aspera subsp. stenophylla. Palabras clave: Serra Gelada, Alicante, España, Centaurea, sect. Seridia, Compositae, taxonomía. Abstract: Centaurea aspera subsp. geladensis, subsp. nov. (C. sect. Seridia (Juss.) DC., Asteraceae), a new taxon for the Valencian flora. A new subspecies of Centaurea aspera L. (sect. Seridia (Juss.) DC., Asteraceae) is described from the fossil dunes of Serra Gelada Natural Park (L’Alfàs del Pi and Benidorm, Alicante, Spain). Morphological and ecological data are provided which allow differentiation from the close relatives C. aspera subsp. aspera and C. aspera subsp. stenophylla. Keywords: Serra Gelada, Alicante, Spain, Centaurea, sect. Seridia, Compositae, taxonomy. INTRODUCCIÓN Centaurea aspera L. es la especie de esta sección que mayor área de distribu- El género Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) ción tiene, repartida desde el sur y suroes- comprende un gran número de táxones te de Europa, noroeste de África (Marrue- distribuidos principalmente en la región cos y Argelia) e introducida en las Islas Mediterránea y el suroeste de Asia (SU- Canarias, Australia y América del Norte SANNA & GARCÍA-JACAS, 2007; DEVE- así como en algunos países de Europa SA, 2016). La sección Seridia (Juss.) DC. (Bélgica, Irlanda, Reino Unido, Alemania, de este género reúne 22 especies, caracte- Suecia, Noruega). Esta especie crece en rizadas por ser plantas anuales o perennes, herbazales y claros de matorral y pinar, con hojas caulinares superiores a menudo campos baldíos, márgenes de carreteras y decurrentes y apéndice de las brácteas bordes de caminos, por lo general en involucrales palmeado-espinoso (DOS- suelos algo nitrificados, sobre substratos TÁL, 1976). Su área de distribución es fun- preferentemente básicos (INVERNÓN & damentalmente mediterránea, aunque pue- DEVESA, 2013; DEVESA & al., 2015; de llegar a alcanzar las costas atlánticas DEVESA, 2016). de Marruecos y Portugal. 25 Centaurea aspera subsp. geladensis, subsp. nov. Dentro de C. aspera se incluyen varios fósiles del parque, que no se encuentra en táxones con rango subespecífico, con cier- ninguno de los táxones descritos en el ta complejidad taxonómica, siendo asi- agregado. En consecuencia, consideramos mismo una especie muy proclive a la justificable la descripción, con rango de hibridación, incluso con especies pertene- subespecie, de las poblaciones de esta cientes a otras secciones (cf. FERRIOL & planta en la citada sierra, a la que aquí se al., 2012; GARMENDIA & al., 2015). Se denomina C. aspera subsp. geladensis. En han descrito varios táxones dentro de la la presente comunicación se aporta una variabilidad intraespecífica de C. aspera; descripción morfológica de la subespecie aunque para algunos autores, en ciertos y se analizan sus caracteres más relevan- casos, se corresponderían con buenas es- tes y de diagnóstico. pecies autónomas e independientes [e.g., C. stenophylla Dufour ≡ C. aspera subsp. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS stenophylla (Dufour) Nyman; C. scorpiurifolia Dufour ≡ C. aspera subsp. scorpiurifolia El material biológico recolectado ha (Dufour) Nyman]. Las poblaciones de inte- sido estudiado mediante análisis morfoló- rior de C. aspera suelen estar caracteriza- gicos clásicos y de tipo biométrico, com- das por una alta variabilidad morfológica, parándolo cuantitativamente con los datos sobre todo en lo que respecta a los apén- publicados por INVERNÓN & DEVESA dices de las brácteas del involucro y for- (2013), DEVESA & al. (2015) y DEVESA ma de las hojas. No obstante, en todos los (2016). Las recolecciones testigo estudia- táxones descritos relacionados o adscritos das se encuentran depositadas en los her- a C. aspera (subsp. stenophylla, subsp. scor- barios oficiales ABH, VAL, BC y MA piurifolia, y también en la subespecie tipo, e (THIERS, 2018) y en el herbario del Centro incluso en otras especies relacionadas, como para la Investigación y la Experimenta- por ejemplo C. seridis L.) el apéndice de las ción Forestal de la Generalitat Valenciana brácteas involucrales resulta un carácter (CIEF). muy variable; generalmente es palmeado- espinoso, con (1)3-5(6) espinas ± paten- RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN tes, siendo generalmente también la cen- tral mayor; pero pueden presentar asi- Centaurea aspera subsp. geladensis P.P. mismo un apéndice con 1-3(5) espinas Ferrer, J.L. Solanas & M.B. Crespo, subsp. mucho más pequeñas y, sobre todo, erec- nova tas y apretadas entre sí. En este sentido, Holotypus: ESPAÑA, Alicante: L’Alfàs del según indican INVERNÓN & DEVESA Pi, Serra Gelada, 30SYH5570, 20 m, arenas en (2013) las plantas con esta peculiaridad acantilados litorales, 5-IV-1998, A. Ruiz de han sido descritas como C. aspera var. León, L. Rull & J.C. Cristóbal (ABH 39582). subinermis DC. [≡ C. aspera subvar. subiner- Isotypi: ABH, BC, MA, VAL. mis (DC.) Rouy], lo que se correspondería Descriptio: Planta notabilis combinatione con una manifestación fenética que bien propria characterum ab ceteris subspeciebus pudiera reflejar una conformación anóma- Centaureae asperae bene distincta, praeci- la del apéndice, a la que no se ha dado puae pappo ad 5 mm longo achenium subae- mayor valor taxonómico. quante. Caules prostratis, valde ramosis, cine- El estudio exhaustivo de abundante reo-viridis, arachnoideo-tomentosis cum glan- dulis sessilibus. Folia (20)30-55(70) × 5-15 material de C. aspera recolectado en va- mm long. nonnunquam subcarnosa; basalia rias localidades dentro del Parque Natural subrosulata, pinnatisecta vel raro sublyrato- de Serra Gelada, ha revelado la presencia pinnatisecta; caulina media quam inferiora de una combinación propia de caracteres similis –sursum non valde decrescentia–, en las plantas que crecen en las dunas pinnatisecta 2-6-lobata, lobis linearibus api- 26 Flora Montiberica 72: 25-33 (XI-2018) ISSN 1138-5952 – eISSN 1988-799X P.P. FERRER-GALLEGO & al. culatis; superiora pinnatilobata vel integra atenuadas, de tamaño similar –sin que las quam capitula longiora. Calathia 15-20 × 0.7- superiores, abundantes en la parte apical 15 mm longa, ovoidea, solitaria vel in ramis de los tallos, resulten llamativamente me- lateralibus parce numerosa; bracteae anthodii nores–, con indumento de pelos araneosos ovato-lanceolatae, viridis, puberulis, apendice abundantes; las basales enteras o de pin- palmato-spinosis munitae –(1)3-5 spinis erec- to-patentibus vel erectis, generaliter centrale natífidas a lirado-pinnatisectas y con 1-4 paulo majore–; corollae albicantes vel pares de lóbulos triangulares u ovados, purpureae. Achenia 3-5 × 1-1.5 mm, oblongo- subagudos, el terminal lanceolado, a ve- obovoidea, pappo (3)3.5-4.5(5) mm longo ces algo mayor, sin espínula cónica; las quam achenio subaequante. medias, lanceoladas u oblongo-lanceola- Etimología: Propia de la Serra Gelada (cast. das, pinnatisectas o rara vez lirado-pinna- Sierra Helada) tisectas, sin dientes en el margen o en el ápice de cada lóbulo lateral y sin una espí- Material estudiado (paratypi): ESPAÑA, Alicante: Benidorm, 30SYH5570, 12 m, en nula apical punzante como en C. aspera; suelo arenoso de dunas fósiles, acantilados las superiores pinnatisetas o a veces ente- litorales, 4-XI-2016, P.P. Ferrer-Gallego & I. ras, linear o linear lanceoladas, muy estre- Ferrando (ABH, VAL 237290). Ibídem, 3-V- chas. Capítulos radiantes, terminales, 2018, P.P. Ferrer-Gallego (ABH, BC, MA, generalmente agrupados, en ocasiones VAL). L’Alfàs del Pi, Serra Gelada, 30SYH solitarios, sésiles, sobrepasados por las 5570, 40 m, 16-V-1992, Solanas, M.B. Crespo últimas hojas. Involucro 10-20 × 7-15 & De la Torre (ABH 04321). Ibídem, 30SYH mm, ovoide, redondeado en la base, gla- 5570, 40 m, sabulícola, 14-V-1993, Crespo, De la Torre, Solanas & Cristóbal (ABH bro, sobrepasado por las flores. Brácteas 05974). Ibídem, 30SYH5570, 100 m, 5-IV- involucrales externas y medias fuertemen- 1998, A. Ruiz de León, J.C. Cristóbal & L. te ovadas a ovado-oblongas, glaucas o Rull (ABH 39561). Ibídem, 30SYH5570, 50 verdosas, de 6-10 × 2-3 mm de tamaño m, acantilado, 23-V-2003, A. Juan, J.C. con apéndice apical palmeado-espinoso, Cristóbal, J.A. de Matos, M.L. Lorenzo & al. con (1)3-5 espinas de (0,3)0,5-1,7 mm de (ABH 46971). Ibídem, 30SYH5571, 5 m, longitud, erectas y apretadas entre sí o con arenas, 29-V-1999, A. Ruiz de León, M. Fa- frecuencia erecto-patentes, todas de igual bregat & J.C. Cristóbal (ABH 42923). tamaño o más a menudo la central ligera- Hierba perenne, fruticulosa, rastrera y mente mayor que el resto;
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