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Assessment of Mobile Location Technology Assessment of Mobile Location Technology Final Report 23rd April 2010 Ofcom Assessment271157 ICM ofTCS Mobile 1 01 Location Technology19 February 2010 Final Report 23 rd April 2010 Ofcom Riverside House, 2a Southwark Bridge Road, London, SE1 9HA Mott MacDonald, Sea Containers House, 20 Upper Ground, London SE1 9LZ, United Kingdom T +44(0) 20 7593 9700 F +44(0) 20 7928 2471 W www.mottmac.com Assessment of Mobile Location Technology Issue and revision record Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description A 19/02/10 P Skeffington, A Whitelaw R Hewlett S Vant, B 31/03/10 P Skeffington, A Whitelaw R Hewlett C 22/04/10 P Skeffington A Whitelaw R Hewlett This document is issued for the party which commissioned it We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned document being relied upon by any other party, or being used project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission used for any other purpose. which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it. Mott MacDonald, Sea Containers House, 20 Upper Ground, London SE1 9LZ, United Kingdom T +44(0) 20 7593 9700 F +44(0) 20 7928 2471 W www.mottmac.com Assessment of Mobile Location Technology Content Chapter Title Page Executive Summary i 1. Introduction 1 2. Industry structure and outline architecture for LBS 3 2.1 Industry structure ___________________________________________________________________ 3 2.2 High level architecture _______________________________________________________________ 4 2.3 Review of Positioning Technologies_____________________________________________________ 4 2.3.1 Outdoor positioning methods __________________________________________________________ 5 2.3.2 Indoor methods ____________________________________________________________________ 9 2.3.3 Elevation_________________________________________________________________________ 10 2.4 Wireless access ___________________________________________________________________ 10 2.4.1 Control plane approach _____________________________________________________________ 11 2.4.2 User plane approach _______________________________________________________________ 12 2.5 “Core” data and applications _________________________________________________________ 13 2.6 Niche Applications _________________________________________________________________ 14 2.7 Implications of the architecture for emergency services_____________________________________ 14 3. Emergency Services Requirement 17 3.1 Services Provided by the Call Handling Agents ___________________________________________ 17 3.1.1 The BT EISEC Service______________________________________________________________ 17 3.1.2 The Cable and Wireless Provided ALSEC Service ________________________________________ 21 3.2 Current Usage of the Call Handlers’ Services by Emergency Authorities________________________ 23 3.2.1 Interviews Undertaken ______________________________________________________________ 23 3.2.2 Take-up of Call Handler Services______________________________________________________ 23 3.2.3 Systems Architecture Employed_______________________________________________________ 25 3.2.4 Operational Usage and Benefits_______________________________________________________ 27 3.2.5 Perceived Shortfalls in Current Provision ________________________________________________ 29 3.3 Enhancement of the Provision ________________________________________________________ 29 3.3.1 Ongoing and Planned Enhancements __________________________________________________ 29 3.3.2 Requirements and Benefits __________________________________________________________ 29 3.3.3 Barriers to Enhancement of the Provided Services ________________________________________ 30 4. UK Mobile Operator Deployments 32 4.1 Current support for LBS _____________________________________________________________ 32 4.2 Future roadmaps for commercial location services ________________________________________ 32 4.2.1 Positioning techniques ______________________________________________________________ 33 4.2.2 Handset policies ___________________________________________________________________ 33 4.3 Other operator concerns_____________________________________________________________ 34 5. Mobile Technology and Market Trends 35 5.1 Trends in (commercial) mobile location services __________________________________________ 35 5.1.1 Key growth figures _________________________________________________________________ 35 5.1.2 GPS penetration___________________________________________________________________ 35 5.1.3 Smart phones _____________________________________________________________________ 36 271157/ICM/TCS/1/01 29 April 2010 Assessment of Mobile Location Technology 5.1.4 Network sharing ___________________________________________________________________ 37 5.2 4G (LTE & WiMAX) ________________________________________________________________ 37 5.3 Femto cell________________________________________________________________________ 37 5.4 Satellite and location based services ___________________________________________________ 38 5.5 VoIP over mobile __________________________________________________________________ 40 5.6 Changes at device level _____________________________________________________________ 40 5.7 Location Based Applications _________________________________________________________ 40 6. Regulation and Standards 41 6.1 Current relevant regulation___________________________________________________________ 41 6.1.1 US regulation _____________________________________________________________________ 41 6.1.2 Anticipated changes to US regulations__________________________________________________ 42 6.1.3 Japanese regulations _______________________________________________________________ 43 6.1.4 Korean Regulations ________________________________________________________________ 43 6.1.5 EU directives _____________________________________________________________________ 44 6.1.6 Privacy issues ____________________________________________________________________ 44 6.2 Standards________________________________________________________________________ 45 6.3 Network related standards ___________________________________________________________ 45 6.3.1 GSM / UMTS / CDMA_______________________________________________________________ 45 6.3.2 WiMAX __________________________________________________________________________ 46 6.4 Other relevant standards ____________________________________________________________ 46 6.4.1 Mobile Location Protocol ____________________________________________________________ 46 6.4.2 CDMA Standards for location ________________________________________________________ 46 6.4.3 Timeline for emerging standards ______________________________________________________ 47 7. Analysis 48 7.1 Feasibility review __________________________________________________________________ 48 7.2 Option 1: Hybrid A-GPS with U-TDOA as fallback for 2G and 3G networks______________________ 49 7.2.1 Hybrid requiring A-GPS with UTDOA as fallback __________________________________________ 49 7.2.2 Estimated capital and operational costs _________________________________________________ 49 7.2.3 Benefits and drawbacks _____________________________________________________________ 50 7.3 Option 2: Hybrid A-GPS with OTDOA fallback for an LTE Network ____________________________ 50 7.3.1 Estimated capital and operational costs _________________________________________________ 51 7.3.2 Benefits and drawbacks _____________________________________________________________ 52 8. Recommendations 53 Appendices 54 Appendix A. USA ____________________________________________________________________________ 55 Appendix B. Japan ___________________________________________________________________________ 56 Appendix C. South Korea ______________________________________________________________________ 57 Appendix D. Summary of Positioning Technologies __________________________________________________ 58 Appendix E. Technology suppliers’ views__________________________________________________________ 60 Appendix F. Bibliography ______________________________________________________________________ 62 Appendix G. Glossary _________________________________________________________________________ 64 Appendix H. Supplier list_______________________________________________________________________ 68 271157/ICM/TCS/1/01 29 April 2010 Assessment of Mobile Location Technology Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to address the five principal objectives set out by Ofcom in their Invitation To Quote ref MC/021. These objectives are: • To provide a technical description of the existing end to end architecture for the delivery of location information to the emergency services; • To provide an overview of technology that is currently available for providing enhanced location information for mobile networks; • To assess the likely market and technological developments during the course of the next five years that will impact on the provision and quality of location information; • To compare the options and describe the relative advantages and disadvantages; and • To make recommendations for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of location information.
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