A Large Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) Solitary Coral
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Online ISSN 2435-0931 Print ISSN 0385-0900 かんそうろく Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, no. 46, 1–4, 1 fig. 江戸時代の貝化石図譜『閑窓録』の研究 ©2020, Mizunami Fossil Museum Manuscript accepted on February 1, 2019; online published on March 13, 2020 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AFBDDF57-AB7B-42F5-A4E5-8D559B6DBE78 ………江戸時代の貝化石図譜を翻刻・分析 こううんどう かんぽ ほんこく 江戸時代に刊行された貝化石図譜として知られる耕雲堂灌圃の『閑窓録』を全文翻刻し、古生物学・ 国文学の観点から研究を行いました。研究の結果、作者の正体は、讃岐国白鳥松原村（現在の香川県 A large Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) solitary coral (subclass たけうちそうすけ Rugosa) in the wall of a museum at Cruquius, the Netherlands 東かがわ市）の俳人で大庄屋の竹内宗助（? – 1816）であることが判明しました。本書で描かれてい る標本の産地は、北は蝦夷から南は日向にまたがり、主にペルム紀〜第四紀の地層から産した 112 ロ Stephen K. Donovan ットの化石標本が描かれていることも明らかになりました。さらに、本書に収められている詩歌句の Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center Postbus 9517, 2300 RA 多くは竹と秋を題材としており、貝化石とはほとんど無関係であることも判明しました。すなわち本 Leiden, the Netherlands <[email protected]> ばつぶん 書は跋文で作者が記しているとおり、「竹石二愛の巻」となっています。『閑窓録』に描かれている標 Abstract 本は残念ながら現存していませんが、画・産地・寄贈者の情報が揃っていることから、貝化石は、日 There are no surface exposures of Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) rocks anywhere in the 本の古生物学史・博物学史にとって、貴重な資料です。 Netherlands, but imported limestones of this age have been used extensively as building stones. These rocks contain a typical biota of Mississippian shelly invertebrates. Corals are common, but their diversity is limited. The first record of a large, solitary rugose coral, Clisiophyllum? sp., is discussed herein, based on a single specimen in a wall of the Cruquius Museum, province of Noord- Holland. The specimen is an oblique section of a solitary rugose coral of circular section, with nu- merous thin, radial septa; dissepiments are poorly seen, but concentric(?), thin and convex towards the circumference; and the axial structure is moderately broad, but poorly visible. Key words: building stones, Clisiophyllum, Michelinia Introduction that these limestones were derived from a stratigraph- ically and/or geographically limited suite of limestone In the Netherlands, Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) beds (in southern and southeastern Belgium; Van invertebrates are collected mostly by camera. There are no Ruiten and Donovan, 2018, p. 41–42). Common natural exposures of these rocks (Geluk et al., 2007), but rugose corals are solitary and small; seen in random there are abundant, imported, Mississippian building sections from transverse to longitudinal, and, where stones rich in fossils; these have been etched over periods identifiable, assigned to Zaphrentites delanouei Milne- of hundreds of years (Van Ruiten and Donovan, 2018, p. Edwards and Haime, 1851. Large, solitary rugose cor- 41–42). The taxa that have been identified are varied als are rare, but include Siphonophyllia Scouler in (Verhofstad and Van den Koppel, 2006; Reumer, 2016), M’Coy, 1844 (Reumer, 2016, p. 72, figs. 67, 68). The but include molluscs such as rostroconchs (Donovan and only other nominal rugose coral identified hitherto is in a Madern, 2016) and nautiloids (Dubelaar et al., 2014), doorstep in Leiden containing a colony, the lithostrotionid crinoids (Donovan et al., 2017), brachiopods such as Siphonodendron martini Milne-Edwards and Haime, productids and spiriferids (Dubelaar et al., 2014; Donovan 1850, and likely derived from a different site and horizon and Harper, 2018), fenestrate bryozoans (Donovan and (Van Ruiten and Donovan, 2018, p. 46; see also Reumer, Wyse Jackson, 2018), and trace fossils (Donovan, 2019). 2016, figs. 72–74). Among the commonest identifiable fossils are tabulate Herein is a record of a further rugose coral taxon and rugose corals. from the Mississippian building stones of the Nether- Corals occur as a recurrent association, suggesting lands. It is recognised only from a single specimen 2 Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, no. 46 and site, so far, but experience suggests that further teenth century. The drained area is now devoted to ag- members of this taxon may be identified eventually, riculture, leisure, towns such as Hoofddorp and Am- in a similar way that rostroconchs, once identified in sterdam Schiphol International Airport, all of which Leiden (Donovan and Madern, 2016), are now known are below sea level (H. C. Hill, 1994, p. 164). from Middelburg (Reumer, 2016), Hoofddorp (Donovan, Enter the museum and buy a visitor’s ticket. Walk 2017), Den Haag (Donovan, 2019), Amsterdam and ahead towards the main museum, through a doorway, Haarlem. but turn immediately left through the door in a glass wall. Take the aluminium staircase to the left, adjacent Locality, material and methods to a limestone wall. The coral described below is ex- posed in this wall and will be apparent once you have The figured specimen (Fig. 1B) is preserved in a ascended a few steps (Fig. 1A). wall of limestone building blocks at the Cruquius The section through the coral (Fig. 1B) was photo- Museum, province of Noord-Holland, the Nether- graphed both dry and wet (tap water). All photographs lands, situated between the city of Haarlem and were taken with a Canon Powershot G11 digital cam- town of Hoofddorp. The latter is one stop by train era. The description is based on an enlargement of Fig. from Amsterdam Schiphol International Airport. The 1B. The use of open nomenclature follows Bengtson 340 bus from Hoofddorp station to Haarlem stops (1988). outside the museum. The Cruquius Museum has a superficial appearance Systematic palaeontology of an old castle, but is a former pumping station. It was one of three such stations which used steam en- Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834 gines to drain a major body of water, the Haar- Subclass Rugosa Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1850 lemmermeer (= Haarlem lake), during the mid-nine- Order Stauriida Verrill, 1865 Suborder Aulophyllina D. Hill, 1981 Family Clisiophyllidae Nicholson, 1889 Genus Clisiophyllum Dana, 1846 Type species: Clisiophyllum keyserlingi M’Coy, 1849, p. 2, by the subsequent designation of Dingwall (1926, p. 14), from the Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) of Derbyshire, England (D. Hill, 1981, p. F358, F360; Poty, 1981, p. 39; Ogar et al., 2013, p. 384). Diagnosis: (Translated herein after Poty, 1981, p. 39; see also D. Hill, 1981, p. F360). Solitary, well-developed, simple septate polyps. Wide axial structure, comprising an axial blade surrounded by numerous radial lamellae and axial ta- bellae. Regular dissepimentarium, consisting of simple dis- sepiments. Fibrous septa, sporadically covered with second- Fig. 1. Mississippian corals in building stones of ary fibrous deposits. the Cruquius Museum, province of Noord-Holland, Range: Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian), the Netherlands. (A) Clisiophyllum? sp. (upper worldwide (D. Hill, 1981, p. F360). left) and Michelinia sp. (right centre); section pre- sumed perpendicular to bedding. Scale in cm. (B) Clisiophyllum? sp. Clisiophyllum? sp., oblique transverse section. (Fig. 1) Scale bar represents 10 mm. Material: Transverse section located in a wall at the S. K. Donovan 3 Cruquius Museum, province of Noord-Holland, the References Netherlands (Fig. 1). Brief description: Preserved parallel to bedding Bengtson, P. 1988. Open nomenclature. Palaeontol- (Fig. 1A). Section irregularly oval in outline (Fig. 1B), ogy 31: 223–227. presumably representing an oblique cut of a solitary Dana, J. D. 1846. Genera of fossil corals of the family rugose coral of circular section. Epitheca not apparent. Cyathophyllidae. American Journal of Science (se- Septa radial, thin and numerous. Dissepiments less ries 2) 1: 178–186. [Not seen.] obvious, but best seen towards left (Fig. 1B), concen- Dingwall, J. M. M. 1926. On Cyathoclisia, a new ge- tric(?), thin and convex towards circumference. Axial nus of Carboniferous coral. Quarterly Journal of the structure moderately broad, but poorly seen. Geological Society, London 82: 12–21. Remarks: That this specimen is a rarity, rather than Donovan, S. K. 2017. Urban geology: a rostroconch representing an exotic limestone, is suggested by the co- in Hoofddorp. Deposits 50: 52–53. occurrence of a colony of the tabulate Michelinia sp. in the Donovan, S. K. 2019. Urban geology: Mississippian same block (Fig. 1A, right), a taxon well known in Dutch in the Mainstreet. Geology Today 35: 135–139. building limestones (Verhofstad and Van den Koppel, Donovan, S. K., and D. A. T. Harper. 2018. Urban ge- 2006; Dubelaar et al., 2014; Reumer, 2016; Van ology: Productid brachiopods in Amsterdam and Ruiten and Donovan, 2018; Donovan, 2019). Utrecht. Deposits 56: 10–12. Donovan, S. K., J. W. M. Jagt, and E. A. Jagt-Yazy- Discussion kova. 2017. A well-preserved crinoid stem in a building stone (Lower Carboniferous, Mississip- In view of the fact that this specimen occurs in the pian) at Maastricht, the Netherlands. Bulletin of the wall of a museum, it was not possible to prepare it Mizunami Fossil Museum 43: 23–25. further by, for example, polishing the surface to Donovan, S. K., and P. A. Madern. 2016. Rostro- emphasise the internal features. Referring to vari- conchs in Leiden. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology ous works, including D. Hill (1981), Poty (1981) 135: 349–352. and Mitchell (2003), the closest generic identifica- Donovan, S. K., and P. N. Wyse Jackson. 2018. Well- tion is Clisiophyllum and the specimen is therefore preserved fenestrate bryozoans in Mississippian referred to Clisiophyllum? sp. herein. building stones, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Swiss The significance of this specimen lies in its rarity in Journal of Palaeontology 137: 99–102. Dutch building stones. Common Mississippian corals Dubelaar,