Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42914-6 — Money, Markets, and Monarchies Adam Hanieh Index More Information
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Saudi Arabia.Pdf
A saudi man with his horse Performance of Al Ardha, the Saudi national dance in Riyadh Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / Abraham Puthoor SAUDI ARABIA Dec. 2019 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Asir, the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Rub al-Khali and the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Hejaz, the Western Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Nejd, the Central Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 The Eastern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Topographical Divisions . .. 9 Deserts and Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Climate . .. 10 Bodies of Water . 11 Red Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Persian Gulf � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Wadis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Major Cities . 12 Riyadh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Jeddah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Mecca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � -
The Foreign Policy of the Arab Gulf Monarchies from 1971 to 1990
The Foreign Policy of the Arab Gulf Monarchies from 1971 to 1990 Submitted by René Rieger to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Middle East Politics in June 2013 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………… ………… 2 ABSTRACT This dissertation provides a comparative analysis of the foreign policies of the Arab Gulf monarchies during the period of 1971 to 1990, as examined through two case studies: (1) the Arab Gulf monarchies’ relations with Iran and Iraq and (2) the six states’ positions in the Arab-Israeli conflict. The dissertation argues that, in formulating their policies towards Iran and Iraq, the Arab Gulf monarchies aspired to realize four main objectives: external security and territorial integrity; domestic and regime stability; economic prosperity; and the attainment of a stable subregional balance of power without the emergence of Iran or Iraq as Gulf hegemon. Over the largest part of the period under review, the Arab Gulf monarchies managed to offset threats to these basic interests emanating from Iran and Iraq by alternately appeasing and balancing the source of the threat. The analysis reveals that the Arab Gulf monarchies’ individual bilateral relations with Iran and Iraq underwent considerable change over time and, particularly following the Iranian Revolution, displayed significant differences in comparison to one another. -
Bulletin of the Society for Arabian Studies 2009 Number 14 ISSN
Bulletin of the Society for Arabian Studies 2009 Number 14 ISSN: 1361-9144 Registered Charity No. 1003272 2009 £5.00 1 Bulletin of the Society for Arabian Studies 2009 The Society for Arabian Studies President Bulletin of the Society for Arabian Studies Miss Beatrice de Cardi OBE FBA FSA Editor Dr Robert Carter Chairman Ms Sarah Searight Book Reviews Editor Mr William Facey Vice Chairman Dr St John Simpson Treasurer Col Douglas Stobie Honorary Secretary Mrs Ionis Thompson Grants Sub-Committee Prof. Dionisius A. Agius Honorary Secretary Dr St John Simpson Dr Lucy Blue Ms Sarah Searight Dr Harriet Crawford Dr Nelida Fuccaro Dr Nadia Durrani Dr Nadia Durrani Mr William Facey Dr Nelida Fuccaro British Archaeological Mission in Yemen Dr Paul Lunde (BAMY) Dr James Onley Mrs Janet Starkey Chairman Prof. Tony Wilkinson Dr Lloyd Weeks Prof. Tony Wilkinson Notes for contributors to the Bulletin The Bulletin depends on the good will of Society members and correspondents to provide contributions. News, items of general interest, ongoing and details of completed postgraduate research, forthcoming conferences, meetings and special events are welcome. Please contact the Honorary Secretary, Ionis Thompson. Email [email protected] Applications to conduct research in Yemen Applications to conduct research in Yemen should be made to the Society’s sub-committee, the British Archaeological Mission in Yemen (BAMY). Contact Professor Tony Wilkinson, Durham University, Department of Archaeology, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE. Tel. 0191 334 1111. Email [email protected] Grants in aid of research Applicants are advised to apply well ahead of the May and October deadlines. -
Suddensuccession
SUDDEN SUCCESSION Examining the Impact of Abrupt Change in the Middle East SIMON HENDERSON KRISTIAN C. ULRICHSEN EDITORS MbZ and the Future Leadership of the United Arab Emirates IN PRACTICE, Sheikh Muhammad bin Zayed al-Nahyan, the crown prince of Abu Dhabi, is already the political leader of the United Arab Emirates, even though the federation’s president, and Abu Dhabi’s leader, is his elder half-brother Sheikh Khalifa. This study examines leadership in the UAE and what might happen if, for whatever reason, Sheikh Muham- mad, widely known as MbZ, does not become either the ruler of Abu Dhabi or president of the UAE. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ POLICY NOTE 65 ■ JULY 2019 SUDDEN SUCCESSION: UAE RAS AL-KHAIMAH UMM AL-QUWAIN AJMAN SHARJAH DUBAI FUJAIRAH ABU DHABI ©1995 Central Intelligence Agency. Used by permission of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin. Formation of the UAE moniker that persisted until 1853, when Britain and regional sheikhs signed the Treaty of Maritime Peace The UAE was created in November 1971 as a fed- in Perpetuity and subsequent accords that handed eration of six emirates—Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, responsibility for conduct of the region’s foreign rela- Fujairah, Ajman, and Umm al-Quwain. A seventh— tions to Britain. When about a century later, in 1968, Ras al-Khaimah—joined in February 1972 (see table Britain withdrew its presence from areas east of the 1). The UAE’s two founding leaders were Sheikh Suez Canal, it initially proposed a confederation that Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan (1918–2004), the ruler would include today’s UAE as well as Qatar and of Abu Dhabi, and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed al-Mak- Bahrain, but these latter two entities opted for com- toum (1912–90), the ruler of Dubai. -
Ruling Families and Business Elites in the Gulf Monarchies: Ever Closer? Ruling Families and Business Elites in the Gulf Monarchies: Ever Closer?
Research Paper Mehran Kamrava, Gerd Nonneman, Anastasia Nosova and Marc Valeri Middle East and North Africa Programme | November 2016 Ruling Families and Business Elites in the Gulf Monarchies: Ever Closer? Ruling Families and Business Elites in the Gulf Monarchies: Ever Closer? Summary • The pre-eminent role of nationalized oil and gas resources in the six Gulf monarchies has resulted in a private sector that is highly dependent on the state. This has crucial implications for economic and political reform prospects. • All the ruling families – from a variety of starting points – have themselves moved much more extensively into business activities over the past two decades. • Meanwhile, the traditional business elites’ socio-political autonomy from the ruling families (and thus the state) has diminished throughout the Gulf region – albeit again from different starting points and to different degrees today. • The business elites’ priority interest in securing and preserving benefits from the rentier state has led them to reinforce their role of supporter of the incumbent regimes and ruling families. In essence, to the extent that business elites in the Gulf engage in policy debate, it tends to be to protect their own privileges. This has been particularly evident since the 2011 Arab uprisings. • The overwhelming dependence of these business elites on the state for revenues and contracts, and the state’s key role in the economy – through ruling family members’ personal involvement in business as well as the state’s dominant ownership of stocks in listed companies – means that the distinction between business and political elites in the Gulf monarchies has become increasingly blurred. -
Volume 8 • Number 17 • June 2017 ISSN 1729-9039 Liwa Journal of the National Archives
Volume 8 • Number 17 • June 2017 ISSN 1729-9039 Liwa Journal of the National Archives Editor-In-Chief Dr. Abdulla M. Al Raisi Director General of the National Archives Deputy Editor-In-Chief Majid Sultan Al Mehairi Managing Editor Dr. L. Usra Soffan Editorial Board Dr. Jayanti Maitra Farhan Al Marzooqi Saeed Al Suwaidi Gregory Keith Iverson, Ph.D. Editorial Secretary Nouf Salem Al Junaibi Design & Layout Makkai Noordheen National Archives, 2017 © Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates The Editor of theLiwa Journal (ISSN 1729-9039) invites the submission of original and unpublished scholarly articles in English and Arabic related to archaeology, history and heritage of the UAE and the Arabian Gulf region. Manuscripts and all other correspondences concerning ‘Liwa’ should be addressed to: [email protected] Books sent for review in the Journal cannot be returned. For more details about ‘Liwa’ and subscriptions, access www.na.ae The views expressed in this issue are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Board or the National Archives. Printed in the National Archives Printing Press LiwaJournal of the National Archives Volume 8 • Number 17 • June 2017 1 Contents Sheikh Khalid Bin Sultan Bin Zayed Al Nahyan (1906-1977) Shamsa Hamad Al Abd Al Dhaheri 3 Researcher, Zayed Centre for Studies and Research Establishment of Electrical Services in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi Prior to the Formation of the UAE 25 Aisha Saeed Al Qaidi Researcher 2 3 Sheikh Khalid Bin Sultan Bin Zayed Al Nahyan (1906-1977) Deputy Ruler of Abu Dhabi Shamsa Hamad Al Abd Al Dhaheri Sheikh Khalid Bin Sultan Bin Zayed Bin Khalifa Bin Shakhbut Bin Dhiyab Bin Issa Bin Nahyan Bin Falah, the first to hold the office of Deputy Ruler of Abu Dhabi in 1966, was well known for his extraordinary benevolence and contribution to and understanding of the welfare of the region, in general, and the Abu Dhabi community, in particular. -
The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE -
Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan
2 SHEIKH SHAKHBUT AND THE GREAT DECLINE Inheriting a powerful and prosperous sheikhdom, hegemony over their neighbours, and a strong relationship with their British protec- tors, the children and grandchildren of Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa Al- Nahyan nonetheless dragged Abu Dhabi into a mire of internal discord, poverty, and isolation. Their capital, which began the twenti- eth century as the most populous settlement in the lower Gulf, soon descended into obscurity and what had once been a thriving economy became an increasingly marginalized backwater. Decades of successful expansionism were coming undone as the ruling family’s authority shrank so much that it commanded little authority beyond the most historic of its ancestral homes. By the mid-1960s, long after their more progressive and commercially-minded Bani Yas relatives in Dubai and the Qawasim of Sharjah had assumed leading roles in regional affairs, residents of Abu Dhabi found themselves on the side- lines of both important Gulf-wide political developments and a massive economic boom prompted by the discovery and exploitation of some of the world’s largest oil reserves. In some ways, the sheikh- dom’s economic downswing was inevitable given the precariousness of its pearling industry and the impact of international recession. But even with the arrival of oil wealth little improved, as the Al-Nahyan still lacked a forward-thinking leader capable of harnessing the new economic opportunities and overcoming the factionalism that threat- ened to tear the monarchy apart. 25 ABU DHABI The early successions The many wives of Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa Al-Nahyan—most of whom hailed from different Bani Yas sections or different tribes— underpinned the strength of his rule and the stability of Abu Dhabi during the nineteenth century. -
RJSSER ISSN 2707-9015 (ISSN-L) Research Journal of Social DOI: Sciences & Economics Review ______
Research Journal of Social Sciences & Economics Review Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2020 (October – December) ISSN 2707-9023 (online), ISSN 2707-9015 (Print) RJSSER ISSN 2707-9015 (ISSN-L) Research Journal of Social DOI: https://doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol1-iss4-2020(225-232) Sciences & Economics Review ____________________________________________________________________________________ Urdubic as a Lingua Franca in the Arab Countries of the Persian Gulf * Dr. Riaz Hussain, Head ** Dr. Muhamad Asif, Head *** Dr. Muhammad Din __________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract A new lingua franca, Urdubic, is emerging in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf. Its linguistic composition is defined by the reduced and simplified forms of Arabic and Urdu. The paper examines linguistic, social, and historical aspects of its sociolinguistic make-up. Recurrent patterns of mutual migration between Arabs and Indians have played a pivotal role in the development of this lingua franca. Today, it appears to permeate the very homes of the Arabs. The examples of linguistic features (combinations of Urdu and Arabic) of the pidgin mentioned in the current study show that Urban Arabic is accepting foreign influences. This influx of foreign languages has alarmed those Arabs who want to preserve the purity of Arabic. How long Urdubic is going to survive amid Arabs’ efforts to save Arabic from such foreign influences? The paper concludes with speculations about the future of Urdubic. Keywords: Pidgins, creoles, Persian Gulf, Arabic, Urdu Introduction Change is an integral part of life. There are changes in human society that are noticed at the time of occurrences such as economic reforms and sudden political changes. But, there are finer changes regarding human linguistic behavior that may occur as a result of large-scale social, economic, and political changes and may be noticed only after years of latent development. -
Oman and Japan
Oman and Japan Unknown Cultural Exchange between the two countries Haruo Endo Oman and Japan and Endo Oman Haruo Haruo Endo This book is basically a translation of the Japanese edition of “Oman Kenbunroku; Unknown cultural exchange between the two countries” Publisher: Haruo Endo Cover design: Mr Toshikazu Tamiya, D2 Design House © Prof. Haruo Endo/Muscat Printing Press, Muscat, Oman 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of the copyright owners. Oman and Japan Unknown Cultural Exchange between the two countries Haruo Endo Haruo Endo (b.1933), Oman Expert, author of “Oman Today” , “The Arabian Peninsula” , “Records of Oman” and Japanese translator of “A Reformer on the Throne- Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said”. Awarded the Order of HM Sultan Qaboos for Culture, Science and Art (1st Class) in 2007. Preface In 2004, I was requested to give a lecture in Muscat to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the Oman-Japan Friendship Association, sponsored jointly by the Oman-Japan Friendship Association, Muscat Municipality, the Historical Association of Oman and the Embassy of Japan. It was an unexpected honour for me to be given such an opportunity. The subject of the lecture was “History of Exchange between Japan and Oman”. After I had started on my preparation, I learned that there was no significant literature on this subject. I searched for materials from scratch. I then organized the materials relating to the history of human exchange, the development of trade since the Meiji period (1868-1912) and the cultural exchanges between both countries. -
Planning Abu Dhabi: from Arish Village to a Global, Sustainable, Arab Capital City by Alamira Reem Bani Hashim a Dissertation S
Planning Abu Dhabi: From Arish Village to a Global, Sustainable, Arab Capital City By Alamira Reem Bani Hashim A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in City and Regional Planning in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Elizabeth S. Macdonald, Chair Professor Michael Southworth Professor Greig Crysler Summer 2015 © Alamira Reem Bani Hashim Abstract Planning Abu Dhabi: From Arish Village to a Global, Sustainable Arab Capital City by Alamira Reem Bani Hashim Doctor of Philosophy in City and Regional Planning University of California, Berkeley Professor Elizabeth S. Macdonald, Chair The overarching objective of this research project is to explore and document the urban history of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It is organized as a comparative study of urban planning and design processes in Abu Dhabi during three major periods of the city’s development following the discovery of oil: (1) 1960-1966: Sheikh Shakhbut Bin Sultan Al Nahyan’s rule (2) 1966-2004: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan’s rule; and (3) 2004-2013: Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan’s rule. The intention of this study is to go beyond a typical historical narrative of sleepy village-turned-metropolis, to compare and contrast the different visions of each ruler and his approach to development; to investigate the role and influence of a complex network of actors, including planning institutions, architects, developers, construction companies and various government agencies; to examine the emergence and use of comprehensive development plans and the policies and values underlying them; as well as to understand the decision-making processes and design philosophies informing urban planning, in relation to the political and economic context of each period. -
Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan
SHEIKH ZAYED BIN SULTAN AL NAHYAN A SpecialTribute SHEIKH ZAYED BIN SULTAN AL NAHYAN – A SPECIAL TRIBUTE SHEIKH ZAYED BIN SULTAN AL NAHYAN ON 2 NOVEMBER 2004, HIS HIGHNESS SHEIKH ZAYED BIN SULTAN AL NAHYAN, President of the United Arab Emirates and Ruler of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, died. He was in his late eighties and had been Ruler of Abu Dhabi since 1966, and UAE President since the formation of the Federation on 2 December 1971. He was succeeded as Ruler of Abu Dhabi by his eldest son and Crown Prince, His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who, on 3 November, was also elected unanimously by the Supreme Council of Rulers of the UAE as the country’s second President. Sheikh Zayed had been involved in government since 1946, when he became the Representative of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi in the Eastern Region of the emirate, and, upon becoming Ruler in 1966, he took the initiatives that led to the formation of the seven-member UAE Federation five years later. For the citizens of the Emirates, the vast majority of whom were too young to recall any other leader, he was not merely a President and Ruler, but he was also like a father. His passing prompted, as was to be expected, an outpouring of grief throughout the country, both among citizens and amongst the UAE’s large expatriate population, many of whom have lived much or all of their lives in the Emirates. President Sheikh Zayed, however, was not merely a national leader, but a widely-respected Arab and world statesman, as was shown by the fact that many Kings and Heads of State, Crown Princes, Prime Ministers and other senior government figures from around the globe flew in to attend his funeral or to pay their condolences to his successor.