DOCSLIB.ORG

Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR STEPHEN J. LEDOGAR Interviewed B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR STEPHEN J. LEDOGAR Interviewed B Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR STEPHEN J. LEDOGAR Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: March 1, 2000 Copyright 2003 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in New ork City U.S. Navy, Korean War Fordham University Entered Foreign Service - 1,5, .ontreal, Canada - /isa Officer 1,01-1,02 Anti-bourbon rule /oting fraud French-English .ilan, Italy - Administrative Officer 1,02-1,05 President Kennedy visit State Department - FSI - /ietnamese 6anguage Training 1,05-1,05 7uang Tri Province, /ietnam - AID 8epresentative 1,05-1,0, Security Environment D.9 Pacification Buddhists /iet Cong Saigon, /ietnam :TD ) - Interagency Study 1,00 Situation deterioration Torture /iet Cong Security Saigon, /ietnam - CO8DS 1,00-1,07 .arriage 1,07 1 Defense Department - National .ilitary Command Center 1,07 /ietnam State Department - Office of /ietnam Information 1,07-1,08 State Department - EAP - /ietnam Desk Officer 1,08-1,0, /ietnam Working Group Pacification desk Tet offensive Wheeler trip Embassy attacked Westmoreland troop request U.S. public support of /ietnam War Speechmaking U.S. mistakes @Wise .enA State Department - FSI - Economic Training 1,0, Paris, France - /ietnam Peace Talks 1,0,-1,72 Post-war retrospect Ambassador 6odge Press corps Negotiations U.S. politics POWs and .IAs North /ietnamese and the press South /ietnamese delegations Phil Habib Issues .isspeaks Ambassador Bruce Kissinger talks Cambodia invasion Ambassador William Porter Stanford University - Senior Training 1,72-1,73 Student behavior Brussels, Belgium - Political Officer 1,73-1,70 @Codfish WarA Turkey-Greece European Economic Community Portugal 2 State Department - Security Assistance 1,70-1,77 Arms sales NATO Nuclear issues Weaponry French 8ussians Senior Seminar 1,77-1,78 Interim Assignments 1,78-1,81 Brussels, Belgium - NATO - DC. 1,81-1,,1 European Union French attitude Helsinki process CSCE Congressional interest NATO organiCations Spain /ienna Conventional Forces, Europe DCFEE Treaty .BF8 Geneva, SwitCerland - Conference on Disarmament - Ambassador 1,,1-1,,7 Conference on Disarmament Participants Chemical weapons Iraq Desert Storm Nuclear testing /erification India/Pakistan Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty DCTBTE Arms Control and Disarmament Agency DACDAE Non-Proliferation Treaty DNPTE 8etirement 1,,7 INTERVIEW Q: Today is March 1, 2000. This is an interview with Stephen J. Ledogar. This is being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and I)m Charles Stuart Kennedy. What do you go by? Steve? 3 6EDOGA8: es. Q: Let)s start at the beginning. When and where were you born? Tell me something about your family? 6EDOGA8: I was born in New ork City in 1,2,. I was one of four children of my father Edward 6edogar, who was a self-employed attorney. .y mother was a homemaker. We grew up in New ork City, 7ueens County. I went to school at Fordham University in the Bronx. .y period in college was interrupted by four years in the U.S. Navy during which time I became a naval aviator. Q: I want to go bac,. Was your family Catholic? 6EDOGA8: es. Q: Did you go to Catholic schools in New .or,? 6EDOGA8: es, I did, all parochial schools followed by a Catholic high school in Brooklyn. Fordham is a Iesuit university. Q: What did you thin, of the elementary school system? Did you feel that there was a division between Catholics and Protestants? 6EDOGA8: Oh, yes. It was a competition of sorts. But it was rather benign. At that time, the Catholic elementary schools were completely staffed by nuns. 6ay teachers were few and far between. That has totally changed today. The high school was run by the Christian Brothers and was staffed by J to 2/3 brothers with the rest being lay teachers. Then the university was maybe 11% Iesuit fathers and the rest were all lay teachers. Q: In elementary school, were the nuns traditional disciplinarians? 6EDOGA8: Especially in those days. We would get whacked around. The classes were quite large so discipline was rather strict. That was also true in high school. Physical chastisement was not unknown. A ruler on the knuckles and that sort of thing. Q: In elementary school, what sort of things do you recall as far as sub0ects and sports that particularly interested you? 6EDOGA8: I went to a very progressive school in parochial school terms, a school which was very big on extracurricular activities. They had a band. They had a brigade. They had a marching band. They even had an orchestra in grammar school. They had all kinds of programs for afterschool activities - theater, roller skatingL I canMt remember them all. The only one I can remember that was not there was the Boy Scouts. Q: What sort of things did you get involved in? 4 6EDOGA8: I played the fife in the marching band. But I kind of drifted away from extracurricular activities at school for two reasons. One, we lived quite far away. Also, I still was attached to buddies from a previous neighborhood. They were gravitating toward the Scouts, so I kind of went back to the old gang and went through a scouting program. Then at about the end of grade school, I got involved pretty much with the old gang in the sport of bicycle racing. This was during World War II, so there werenMt many cars on the road. We did an awful lot of road riding and racing including great distances. This pulled me away from this rather advanced elementary school and its activities. But I somehow managed to stick with the marching band. Q: I ta,e it the bi,es were Schwinns or something li,e that? 6EDOGA8: No, we had European imports, all custom made. The hardest thing was to get tires during the war. They used sew-up tires which were imported from Europe and were very hard to come by. Q: During the high school days, a good part of World War II was on. Were you interested in reading the paper, finding out where things were, and following events? 6EDOGA8: Absolutely. We not only played war as kids, but I was with a couple of friends who did a lot of drawing. An awful lot of drawing would be sequential battlefield scenes. We even had some of these war games. Our older brothers were beginning to be called up in the draft. I can remember participating in the war bond and war stamp campaigns. Of course, there were all of the elements of rationing that kept the war in front of you. I paid quite a bit of attention to the news. Q: I)m a year older than you. I was born in 1122. 3ne of the things I got out of the e4perience was a sense of geography, 5uadalcanal6 6EDOGA8: Absolutely. One of the games that we had employed little lead models of ships. We devised a naval war game. We were quite a bit ahead of the technology we were reading about as regards the role of aircraft carriers being more important than battleships in the war, more of a threat. So, we were very conscious of the war. I think that that led to a sense of geography. I had uncles in the Pacific. Some of the older guys in the neighborhood were going off to war. Q: Just to go bac, to your family, where did your father go to school? 6EDOGA8: He went to public schools in New ork, 7ueens, and Brooklyn. .y mother also grew up in Brooklyn. At that time, one could get a law degree without first having to get a prior bachelor degree. ou could go directly into an 66B program and thatMs what he did. He had served in World War I. ThatMs another influence on my awareness of geography and history. HeMd tell war stories and tell us about where it was he served, which was both down in .exico chasing Pancho /illa and also in France. I suppose that era of war really did teach us a lot of geography and history. 5 Q: What were your ma0or lines of concentration at Fordham? 6EDOGA8: In the last year of high school, I signed up for and was successful in getting a scholarship from the U.S. Navy called the Naval Aviation College Program. This was a post-World War II follow-on to what used to be called the /-5 program. The aviation portion, unlike the N8OTC :Naval 8eserve Officer Training Corps) surface portion of the navy, required that you do two years of college, then go off and do your flight training and your obligated service, with the promise that they would send you back to finish college sometime later. Well, I did that. The @blackshoeA :surface navy) portion of it was the N8OTC, and they had 52 colleges that were designated and had staffs to teach naval science during the otherwise civilian portion of your college education. The aviation portion allowed you to go to any accredited college, but they had certain requirements. ou had to take two years of English and one year of Physics before you left for flight training. So, that pushed me towards the Physics department. Then when we were halfway through freshmen year, there was a change in the program. The Navy realiCed that the design of the aviation program wasnMt very efficient. First of all, they didnMt have the money to give us the summer training between freshman and sophomore year as they had planned. Then they decided it was less efficient to bring everybody in the program down to Florida in Iune at the end of sophomore year.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BATTLE-SCARRED and DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP in the MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial
    BATTLE-SCARRED AND DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Steven Thomas Barry Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Allan R. Millett, Adviser Dr. John F. Guilmartin Dr. John L. Brooke Copyright by Steven T. Barry 2011 Abstract Throughout the North African and Sicilian campaigns of World War II, the battalion leadership exercised by United States regular army officers provided the essential component that contributed to battlefield success and combat effectiveness despite deficiencies in equipment, organization, mobilization, and inadequate operational leadership. Essentially, without the regular army battalion leaders, US units could not have functioned tactically early in the war. For both Operations TORCH and HUSKY, the US Army did not possess the leadership or staffs at the corps level to consistently coordinate combined arms maneuver with air and sea power. The battalion leadership brought discipline, maturity, experience, and the ability to translate common operational guidance into tactical reality. Many US officers shared the same ―Old Army‖ skill sets in their early career. Across the Army in the 1930s, these officers developed familiarity with the systems and doctrine that would prove crucial in the combined arms operations of the Second World War. The battalion tactical leadership overcame lackluster operational and strategic guidance and other significant handicaps to execute the first Mediterranean Theater of Operations campaigns. Three sets of factors shaped this pivotal group of men. First, all of these officers were shaped by pre-war experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the US Army Corps of Engineers
    History of the US Army Corps of Engineers Course No: B07-002 Credit: 7 PDH Robert Steelhammer, P.E. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 22 Stonewall Court Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 P: (877) 322-5800 [email protected] The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: A History Headquarters U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Office of History Alexandria, Virginia 2008 This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of ISBN 978-0-16-079585-5 is for U.S. Government Printing Office Official Editions only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. It is prohibited to use the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers seal, as it appears on the cover, on any republication of this material without the express, written permission of the Office of History, Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Any person using official seals and logos in a manner inconsistent with the Federal Regulations Act is subject to penalty. Foreword his illustrated history of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provides an overview of many of the missions that engineers have performed in support of the U.S. Army and the Nation since the early days of the T American Revolution. A permanent institution since 1802, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has effect- ively and proudly responded to changing defense requirements and has played an integral part in the development of the Nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Massacre at ​Mỹ Lai: the 504 Lives, and What They Mean Min T Tun
    Massacre At Mỹ Lai: ​ The 504 Lives, and What They Mean Min T Tun Senior Division Historical Paper Word Count: 2,499 1 “The greatest irony and tragedy of all is that our nation, which initiated so much of the revolutionary spirit of the modern world, is now cast in the mold of being an arch anti-revolutionary.” - Martin Luther King Jr. (King Jr.) On the morning of March 16, 1968, around 100 soldiers in Charlie Company were tasked with a Viet Cong search and destroy operation in the village of Sơn Mỹ, nicknamed Pinksville. ​ What happened next was an incident that would go on to be the most infamous event in the entirety of US involvement in the Vietnam War; the sub hamlets of Mỹ Lai and Mỹ Khê were absolutely devastated. An approximated 504 civilians were killed at the hands of US soldiers, many of them while running away from the violence and bloodshed. Women were raped, children mercilessly gunned down. PFC Lawrence M. Colburn, who was a helicopter door gunner, describes seeing corpses piled on each other. He also testified that there were “at least a hundred [corpses]” in a ditch alone (Colburn). The incident alone was not uncovered until late 1969, nearly a year and a half later. In many ways, this massacre was not a first for the far reaches of the US military, and it certainly would not be the last. The Mỹ Lai massacre was a massacre that broke barriers by being the first slaughter to be highly publicized and known, and revealed the crimes committed under the guise of American intervention.
    [Show full text]
  • EVIL IS GOOD, GOOD IS EVIL Theo Radić
    EVIL IS GOOD, GOOD IS EVIL Theo Radić ∗ J’avoue la vérité lorsqu’elle me nuit, de même que si elle me sert. – Michel de Montaigne, Essais III:v The abuse and manipulation of language to control minds – the highly advanced science of lying – have made horrifying crimes against humanity by the United States in my lifetime go unobserved by the western public. Their mental sluggishness and willful ignorance not only makes this evil possible but bodes even worse crimes in the future. Routine mass-murders of civilians in Vietnam, Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan are reported in the news as unfortunate “mistakes” or “collateral damage” by American military, which as we know always serves good. However, Nick Turse has chronicled in painful detail how the highest levels of the US military in Vietnam could “make the killing of civilians into ∗∗ standard operating procedure.” An infamous example of how language was abused during the Vietnam war is the following axiom: “We had to destroy the village to save it.” This upside down logic marks our age with a disturbing normality: evil is good, good is evil. The horrendous crimes against humanity in the Vietnam war were anything but “mistakes” and were routinely carried out with premeditation following the “Mere Gook Rule” – any Vietnamese person (“gook” to American soldiers) was a potential murder victim to enhance what Turse calls the “body-count fixation” that led to promotions, citations and medals of valor. Even murdered Vietnamese children were reported as “enemy dead” to add points in the competion for the highest body-count.
    [Show full text]
  • The Metamorphosis of Armored Cavalry in Vietnam
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-2005 "Jack of all trades" : the metamorphosis of armored cavalry in Vietnam. Robert Manson Peters 1966- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Peters, Robert Manson 1966-, ""Jack of all trades" : the metamorphosis of armored cavalry in Vietnam." (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1119. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1119 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "JACK OF ALL TRADES:" THE METAMORPHOSIS OF ARMORED CAVALRY IN VIETNAM By Robert Manson Peters B.A., Randolph-Macon College, 1989 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Depm1ment of History University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky August 2005 “Jack of All Trades:” The Metamorphosis of Armored Cavalry in Vietnam By Robert Manson Peters B.A., Randolph-Macon College, 1989 A Thesis Approved on June 10, 2005 by the following Thesis Committee: Thesis Director ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank Dr. Wayne Lee for all his help with this project. I could not have done this without his guidance, patience, and professionalism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phoenix Program and Contemporary Counterinsurgency
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation occasional paper series. RAND occasional papers may include an informed perspective on a timely policy issue, a discussion of new research methodologies, essays, a paper presented at a conference, a conference summary, or a summary of work in progress. All RAND occasional papers undergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for research quality and objectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Armed Forces Officer, by U
    1 CHAPTER PAGE CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER FIVE CHAPTER SIX CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER EIGHT CHAPTER NINE CHAPTER TEN CHAPTER ELEVEN CHAPTER TWELVE CHAPTER THIRTEEN CHAPTER FOURTEEN CHAPTER FIFTEEN CHAPTER SIXTEEN CHAPTER SEVENTEEN CHAPTER EIGHTEEN CHAPTER NINETEEN CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY The Armed Forces Officer, by U. S. Department 2 CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY The Armed Forces Officer, by U. S. Department The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Armed Forces Officer, by U. S. Department of Defense This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Armed Forces Officer Department of the Army Pamphlet 600-2 Author: U. S. Department of Defense Release Date: May 15, 2008 [eBook #25482] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ARMED FORCES OFFICER*** E-text prepared by Audrey Longhurst, Chris Logan, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 25482-h.htm or 25482-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/5/4/8/25482/25482-h/25482-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/5/4/8/25482/25482-h.zip) THE ARMED FORCES OFFICER [Illustration] Department of Defense United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1950 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON November 1950 This manual on leadership has been prepared for use by the Department of Army, the Department of Navy, and the Department of Air Force, and is published for the information and guidance of all concerned.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Geronimo À Carentan
    The Carington News N°9 Novembre 2015 L’autre côté de la bataille ; les Geronimo à Carentan Tous les quatre régiments de la 101st Airborne, ainsi que leurs unités de soutien, ont pris une part active et décisive à la libération de Carentan. Le 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, engagé notamment dans les combats de Basse Addeville, St Côme du Mont et La Barquette, se voit confier le 10 juin la mission de contourner la ville par l’est, via Saint Hilaire Petitville, après avoir traversé la Douve à Brévands. C’est le 3ème bataillon de Julian J. Ewell qui le premier atteint le soir du 11 juin le canal Vire-Taute à St Hilaire. Les troopers y bivouaquent, avant d’entreprendre aux première lueurs du lundi 12 juin la périlleuse traversée des marais en direction de la colline 30. Des canots pneumatiques ont été apportés par les Engineers pour permettre à H/501st de traverser. Le 3/501st avance sur la droite, avec le 2/501st (Robert A. Ballard) sur sa gauche. Les troopers progressent avec de l’eau au dessus des chevilles. C’est le 3ème platoon de H/501st (Captain Felix W. Stanley) qui est en pointe, malgré ses effectifs terriblement réduit par les pertes du Jour J. Les Lieutenant Curran et Herbert sont là, avec les squad leaders Cassada, Tyrrel et le sergent Robert J. Houston, de la section de mortier de 60 mm du bataillon, qui traine seul le tube, la base et 6 obus. Les canots n’inspirent pas confiance, et les troopers décident de traverser en empruntant le pont de chemin de fer seulement partiellement détruit.
    [Show full text]
  • Avoiding and Reporting Atrocities During The
    NOT JUST FOLLOWING ORDERS: AVOIDING AND REPORTING ATROCITIES DURING THE VIETNAM WAR by CHRISTOPHER JAMES LEVESQUE ANDREW HUEBNER, COMMITTEE CO-CHAIR DANIEL RICHES, COMMITTEE CO-CHAIR KARI FREDERICKSON JOHN GIGGIE JAMES S. OLSON A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2014 Copyright Christopher James Levesque 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This dissertation develops a history of soldiers’ efforts to report war crimes over the course of the Vietnam War. Previous scholarship that addressed this issue largely dismissed GIs who alleged war crimes as political activists, dupes of the media, or individuals seeking forgiveness for their actions in combat. However, these three categories are insufficient to understand the motives leading troops to claim that they witnessed war crimes during their service in Southeast Asia. Nor do they account for how soldiers chose to make their allegations, or how their rationales or methods changed over time. By re-examining the historical record of GI involvement in the antiwar movement, media accounts of soldiers alleging war crimes, and declassified Department of Defense documents, this dissertation presents a new framework for understanding both how and why American soldiers reported atrocities. Soldiers adopted four primary venues when they alleged war crimes in Vietnam: their chain of command, the federal government, the media, or the antiwar movement. Generally, soldiers who remained convinced that the Army’s hierarchy would properly investigate atrocity allegations reported atrocities through their local chains of command. As soldiers became increasingly disenchanted with the Army and the war, they chose more public venues to report war crimes.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview V.3.Indd
    USMA Class of 1958 50 Years of Service i Foreword Editorial Staff Two score and ten years ago, …..does it really seem possible? Fifty years, a full half- & Contributors century, have gone by since the great Class of 1958 walked across the platform in the Editor-in-Chief old Field House and received our diplomas! Some 573 - Alan Salisbury of us graduated, almost all joining the Army and the Air Graphic Design and Layout Force as newly commissioned 2nd Lieutenants, becoming - Frank Waskowicz Senior Editor the 160th graduating class of the United States Military - Don Martin Academy. Editor - Karl Oelke Overview History Design When the class Executive Committee fi rst asked me, over - Karen Martin six years ago, to take on the task of directing the Class Contributing Authors: - Karl Oelke, Cadet Days History History Project and producing the 50th Reunion Year- - Mike Mahler, Active Duty Service book, I knew it would be a massive project, but I was History confi dent that I could put together a team of classmates Special Activities Contributors - Jack Bradshaw who would be more than equal to the task. Our class did - Tom Carpenter not disappoint me. Indeed, we are truly blessed with - Jack Downing having within our ranks so many exceptionally talented - John Evans - John Herren people who have been more than generous with the time - Palmer McGrew and energy they have committed over the past fi ve years - Bill Serchak - George Sibert, to producing the book you are now reading. - Tony Smith - Hugh Trumbull The “masthead” on this page details the list of those directly responsible for the book - Ed Weckel Other Contributors: and the roles they played.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctrine of Eternal Recurrence -- the US Military and Counterinsurgency
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation occasional paper series. RAND occasional papers may include an informed perspective on a timely policy issue, a discussion of new research methodologies, essays, a paper presented at a conference, a conference summary, or a summary of work in progress. All RAND occasional papers undergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for research quality and objectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Dreadful Lady Over the Mekong Delta
    Dreadful Lady over the Mekong Delta An Analysis of RAAF Canberra Operations in the Vietnam War Wing Commander Bob Howe, RAAF (Retd) © Commonwealth of Australia 2016 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. Disclaimer This publication is presented by the Department of Defence for the purpose of disseminating information for the benefit of the public. The Department of Defence does not guarantee and accepts no legal liability whatsoever arising from or connected to the accuracy, reliability, currency or completeness of any material contained in this publication. The content and views expressed in this publication are the author’s own, and are not in any way endorsed by or reflect the views of the Department of Defence. The Department of Defence recommends that you exercise your own skill and care with respect to the use of this publication and carefully evaluate the accuracy, currency, completeness and relevance of the content for your own purposes. This publication is not a substitute for independent professional advice and you should obtain any appropriate professional advice relevant to your particular circumstances. Release This document is approved for public release. Portions of this document may be quoted or reproduced without permission, provided a standard source credit is included. National Library of Australia Cataloguing‑in‑Publication entry Creator: Howe, Bob, author. Title: Dreadful lady over the Mekong Delta : an analysis of RAAF Canberra operations in the Vietnam War/ Bob Howe (Wing Commander, RAAF, Retd).
    [Show full text]