DOCSLIB.ORG

An Army of the Willing: Fayette'nam, Soldier Dissent, And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

An Army of the Willing: Fayette’Nam, Soldier Dissent, and the Untold Story of the All‐ Volunteer Force by Scovill Wannamaker Currin Jr. Department of History Duke University Date: _______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Adriane Lentz‐Smith ___________________________ Dirk Bonker ___________________________ Sarah Deutsch Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 ABSTRACT An Army of the Willing: Fayette’Nam, Soldier Dissent, and the Untold Story of the All‐ Volunteer Force by Scovill Wannamaker Currin Jr. Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Adriane Lentz‐Smith ___________________________ Dirk Bonker ___________________________ Sarah Deutsch An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 Copyright by Scovill Wannamaker Currin Jr. 2015 Abstract Using Fort Bragg and Fayetteville, North Carolina, as a local case study, this dissertation examines the GI dissent movement during the Vietnam War and its profound impact on the ending of the draft and the establishment of the All‐Volunteer Force in 1973. I demonstrate that the US military consciously and methodically shifted from a conscripted force to the All‐Volunteer Force as a safeguard to ensure that dissent in the ranks never arose again as it had during the Vietnam War. This story speaks to profound questions regarding state power that are essential to making sense of our recent history. What becomes of government and military legitimacy when the soldier refuses to sanction or participate in the brutality of warfare? And perhaps more importantly, what happens to the foreign policy of a major power when soldiers no longer protest, and thereby hold in check, questionable military interventions? My dissertation strives to answer those questions by reintroducing the dissenting soldier into the narrative of the All‐Volunteer Force. iv Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... vi Introduction. “If My Soldiers Began to Think, Not One Would Remain in the Ranks”: G.I. Dissent and the All‐Volunteer Force ................................................................................... 1 Chapter One. “Our Voice is Our Weapon”: The Emergence of GI Dissent, 1965‐1968 .... 33 Chapter Two. “A Volunteer Army can be a Better Army”: The Rise of the All‐Volunteer Force, 1968‐1969 .......................................................................................................................... 88 Chapter Three. “Caution! Reading this Paper May be Hazardous to Your Discipline, Morale & Loyalty”: Fort Bragg and the Soldiers’ Antiwar Movement, 1969‐1971 .......... 142 Chapter Four. “They Can Have my Body for a Year, but They Canʹt Have my Mind”: The End of a War, the Draft, and G.I. Dissent, 1971‐1975 ................................................... 216 Conclusion. “This Prison Only Needs One Thing…Prisoners”: The Success of the All‐ Volunteer Force ......................................................................................................................... 306 References .................................................................................................................................. 312 Biography ................................................................................................................................... 322 v Acknowledgements First and foremost, I want to thank my wonderful family, for without them, I am nothing. I chose to write from home, usually when Tessa and Luke were at school or asleep, so I could spend as much time with them as possible. It was a great decision. Being married to a prospective PhD student is strenuous during the good days and a brutal nightmare on the bad, so to Lisa, thank you for holding our family together the past three years. I love you all more than you can imagine. Or as Luke would say, “I love you to Tatooine and back.” I have been blessed with the most generous, patient, and helpful dissertation committee on the planet. It was Nancy MacLean who recommended that I read Richard Moser’s The New Winter Soldiers, a history of the G.I. dissent during the Vietnam War. I was immediately captivated and instantly saw how these rebellious soldiers personified interests that had developed over my years of military service. Since that fateful day, she has done the heavy lifting of guiding me through this project with an energy and enthusiasm that is unparalleled. Adriane Lentz‐Smith, Dirk Bonker, and Sarah Deutsch took me under their wing and taught me to examine historical events and contingencies in new and profound ways. My first year essay proposals all read like current‐day public policy projects, certainly worthy of Pentagon study groups, but woefully vi inadequate for historical scholarship. If I’m worthy enough to call myself a historian, it is because of them. They say it takes a village, and I wouldn’t trade mine for anything. At the end of the day, writing a dissertation is a lonely experience, ultimately just you, your writing tool of choice, and your thoughts. But I’ve been so fortunate to have a group of colleagues to help beat back that isolation. To my original cohort, the 701 Warriors, I thank you for being patient with the new guy who seemed completely baffled by Foucault, Gramsci, and Agamben. To Alisha, Brad, Mandy, Tom, Jess, Josh, Anna, Claire, Anna, Janice, Stephanie, Joe, and Ajay, I’m honored to call you my “biological cohort.” I wish you all the best! They say that a traumatic, shared experience forges camaraderie like nothing else. To my dear friends Meggan, Will, Tiffany, Yuridia, and David, you wonderful band of brothers and sisters who slugged through prelim season with me, I will forever treasure your friendship. Those cohort dinners became the greatest way to beat back the frustration and despair of that long season. So what if folks passed us evil looks, or even asked to move tables; we had earned the right to be as loud as we wanted! You all are going to be huge successes, but as talented as you are professionally, you’re even better friends. And finally I would like to publicly thank the brave soldiers who stared prison, dishonorable discharges, threats of reduced pay and poor assignments, and brutal intimidation square in the face and said, “No, I won’t fight. I won’t support a war I don’t vii believe in, a war that was misguided from the very beginning.” All wars, no matter how foolishly they are entered or carelessly fought, produce heroes. Those that fought back against military and political leaders who seemed to think nothing of needlessly spilling their blood are also heroes of the Vietnam War, and they deserve to be recognized as such. Today’s military members could learn a great deal from them. viii Introduction. “If My Soldiers Began to Think, Not One Would Remain in the Ranks”: G.I. Dissent and the All- Volunteer Force1 In 1949, the US Secretary of Defense announced the creation of Armed Forces Day, a commemoration designed as an “educational program for civilians” in which the US military would demonstrate its state‐of‐the‐art equipment to the civilian population they were tasked to defend.2 On Armed Forces Day in 1970, with the war in Vietnam raging 8,000 miles away, the residents of Fayetteville, North Carolina, were in no mood to be educated. After marching through the downtown streets, 3,000 civilian antiwar protestors, including actress Jane Fonda, rallied in Fayetteville’s Rowan Park. By 1970, large protests against the war in Vietnam were not uncommon, but the rally in Fayetteville was unique. Approximately fifty Fort Bragg soldiers, intent on ending a war they no longer believed in, planned and led this rally. The servicemen, who in the spring of 1969 had formed their own antiwar organization, G.I.s United Against the War in Vietnam, used their underground newspaper to encourage their fellow soldiers to participate in the rally: “While the brass shows off its weapons, medals, and misadventures, you can act as America’s conscience…the closed mouth, closed mind 1 Quote by Frederick the Great, Attributed in J.A. Houlding, Fit For Service: The Training of the British Army, 1715‐1795 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981). Underground GI newspapers during the Vietnam era prominently featured this quote from the Prussian King. 2 For a history of Armed Forces Day, see the Department of Defense website, http://www.defense.gov/afd/history.aspx. The quote “educational program for civilians” is from this website. 1 image of GI Joe must be shattered.”3 The rebellious soldiers were successful. Renaming the celebration “Armed Farces Day,” 1,000 active duty soldiers joined the antiwar protestors in the streets of Fayetteville, a striking number considering that Fort Bragg leadership had restricted most soldiers to their barracks during the rally. Private John Vail called for a GI strike while Jane Fonda urged soldiers to stay in the army and resist
Recommended publications
  • Soldiers and Veterans Against the War

    Soldiers and Veterans Against the War

    Vietnam Generation Volume 2 Number 1 GI Resistance: Soldiers and Veterans Article 1 Against the War 1-1990 GI Resistance: Soldiers and Veterans Against the War Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/vietnamgeneration Part of the American Studies Commons Recommended Citation (1990) "GI Resistance: Soldiers and Veterans Against the War," Vietnam Generation: Vol. 2 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/vietnamgeneration/vol2/iss1/1 This Complete Volume is brought to you for free and open access by La Salle University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vietnam Generation by an authorized editor of La Salle University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GI RESISTANCE: S o l d ie r s a n d V e t e r a n s AGAINST THE WAR Victim am Generation Vietnam Generation was founded in 1988 to promote and encourage interdisciplinary study of the Vietnam War era and the Vietnam War generation. The journal is published by Vietnam Generation, Inc., a nonprofit corporation devoted to promoting scholarship on recent history and contemporary issues. ViETNAM G en eratio n , In c . ViCE-pRESidENT PRESidENT SECRETARY, TREASURER Herman Beavers Kali Tal Cindy Fuchs Vietnam G eneration Te c HnIc a I A s s is t a n c e EdiTOR: Kali Tal Lawrence E. Hunter AdvisoRy BoARd NANCY ANISFIELD MICHAEL KLEIN RUTH ROSEN Champlain College University of Ulster UC Davis KEVIN BOWEN GABRIEL KOLKO WILLIAM J. SEARLE William Joiner Center York University Eastern Illinois University University of Massachusetts JACQUELINE LAWSON JAMES C.
  • Peace in Vietnam! Beheiren: Transnational Activism and Gi Movement in Postwar Japan 1965-1974

    Peace in Vietnam! Beheiren: Transnational Activism and Gi Movement in Postwar Japan 1965-1974

    PEACE IN VIETNAM! BEHEIREN: TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM AND GI MOVEMENT IN POSTWAR JAPAN 1965-1974 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE AUGUST 2018 By Noriko Shiratori Dissertation Committee: Ehito Kimura, Chairperson James Dator Manfred Steger Maya Soetoro-Ng Patricia Steinhoff Keywords: Beheiren, transnational activism, anti-Vietnam War movement, deserter, GI movement, postwar Japan DEDICATION To my late father, Yasuo Shiratori Born and raised in Nihonbashi, the heart of Tokyo, I have unforgettable scenes that are deeply branded in my heart. In every alley of Ueno station, one of the main train stations in Tokyo, there were always groups of former war prisoners held in Siberia, still wearing their tattered uniforms and playing accordion, chanting, and panhandling. Many of them had lost their limbs and eyes and made a horrifying, yet curious, spectacle. As a little child, I could not help but ask my father “Who are they?” That was the beginning of a long dialogue about war between the two of us. That image has remained deep in my heart up to this day with the sorrowful sound of accordions. My father had just started work at an electrical laboratory at the University of Tokyo when he found he had been drafted into the imperial military and would be sent to China to work on electrical communications. He was 21 years old. His most trusted professor held a secret meeting in the basement of the university with the newest crop of drafted young men and told them, “Japan is engaging in an impossible war that we will never win.
  • District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites Street Address Index

    District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites Street Address Index

    DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA INVENTORY OF HISTORIC SITES STREET ADDRESS INDEX UPDATED TO OCTOBER 31, 2014 NUMBERED STREETS Half Street, SW 1360 ........................................................................................ Syphax School 1st Street, NE between East Capitol Street and Maryland Avenue ................ Supreme Court 100 block ................................................................................. Capitol Hill HD between Constitution Avenue and C Street, west side ............ Senate Office Building and M Street, southeast corner ................................................ Woodward & Lothrop Warehouse 1st Street, NW 320 .......................................................................................... Federal Home Loan Bank Board 2122 ........................................................................................ Samuel Gompers House 2400 ........................................................................................ Fire Alarm Headquarters between Bryant Street and Michigan Avenue ......................... McMillan Park Reservoir 1st Street, SE between East Capitol Street and Independence Avenue .......... Library of Congress between Independence Avenue and C Street, west side .......... House Office Building 300 block, even numbers ......................................................... Capitol Hill HD 400 through 500 blocks ........................................................... Capitol Hill HD 1st Street, SW 734 .........................................................................................
  • MEREDITH MONK and ANN HAMILTON: Aaron Copland Fund for Music, Inc

    MEREDITH MONK and ANN HAMILTON: Aaron Copland Fund for Music, Inc

    The House Foundation for the Arts, Inc. | 260 West Broadway, Suite 2, New York, NY 10013 | Tel: 212.904.1330 Fax: 212.904.1305 | Email: [email protected] Web: www.meredithmonk.org Incorporated in 1971, The House Foundation for the Arts provides production and management services for Meredith Monk, Meredith Monk & Vocal Ensemble, and The House Company. Meredith Monk, Artistic Director • Olivia Georgia, Executive Director • Amanda Cooper, Company Manager • Melissa Sandor, Development Consultant • Jahna Balk, Development Associate • Peter Sciscioli, Assistant Manager • Jeremy Thal, Bookkeeper Press representative: Ellen Jacobs Associates | Tel: 212.245.5100 • Fax: 212.397.1102 Exclusive U.S. Tour Representation: Rena Shagan Associates, Inc. | Tel: 212.873.9700 • Fax: 212.873.1708 • www.shaganarts.com International Booking: Thérèse Barbanel, Artsceniques | [email protected] impermanence(recorded on ECM New Series) and other Meredith Monk & Vocal Ensemble albums are available at www.meredithmonk.org MEREDITH MONK/The House Foundation for the Arts Board of Trustees: Linda Golding, Chair and President • Meredith Monk, Artistic Director • Arbie R. Thalacker, Treasurer • Linda R. Safran • Haruno Arai, Secretary • Barbara G. Sahlman • Cathy Appel • Carol Schuster • Robert Grimm • Gail Sinai • Sali Ann Kriegsman • Frederieke Sanders Taylor • Micki Wesson, President Emerita MEREDITH MONK/The House Foundation for the Arts is made possible, in part, with public and private funds from: MEREDITH MONK AND ANN HAMILTON: Aaron Copland Fund for
  • 68: Protest, Policing, and Urban Space by Hans Nicholas Sagan A

    68: Protest, Policing, and Urban Space by Hans Nicholas Sagan A

    Specters of '68: Protest, Policing, and Urban Space by Hans Nicholas Sagan A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Galen Cranz, Chair Professer C. Greig Crysler Professor Richard Walker Summer 2015 Sagan Copyright page Sagan Abstract Specters of '68: Protest, Policing, and Urban Space by Hans Nicholas Sagan Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture University of California, Berkeley Professor Galen Cranz, Chair Political protest is an increasingly frequent occurrence in urban public space. During times of protest, the use of urban space transforms according to special regulatory circumstances and dictates. The reorganization of economic relationships under neoliberalism carries with it changes in the regulation of urban space. Environmental design is part of the toolkit of protest control. Existing literature on the interrelation of protest, policing, and urban space can be broken down into four general categories: radical politics, criminological, technocratic, and technical- professional. Each of these bodies of literature problematizes core ideas of crowds, space, and protest differently. This leads to entirely different philosophical and methodological approaches to protests from different parties and agencies. This paper approaches protest, policing, and urban space using a critical-theoretical methodology coupled with person-environment relations methods. This paper examines political protest at American Presidential National Conventions. Using genealogical-historical analysis and discourse analysis, this paper examines two historical protest event-sites to develop baselines for comparison: Chicago 1968 and Dallas 1984. Two contemporary protest event-sites are examined using direct observation and discourse analysis: Denver 2008 and St.
  • H 2228 Trials

    H 2228 Trials

    Trials H 2228 BACKGROUND: The free-floating subdivision BTrials, litigation, etc. is used under names of individual persons, families, corporate bodies, or jurisdictions for the proceedings of civil or criminal actions to which they are parties, or for works about such proceedings, as described below. As a general rule, the same practices are followed in assigning subject headings to the actual proceedings of a trial as to works about a trial. The procedures described below therefore apply to both categories of material. 1. General collections of trials. Assign the heading Trials (May Subd Geog) to non-topical collections of proceedings of trials, or to general works describing various trials. Examples: Title: Trials that made headlines. 650 #0 $a Trials. Title: Great American courtroom battles. 650 #0 $a Trials $z United States. 2. Collections of particular types of trials. Assign headings of the type Trials ([topic]) (May Subd Geog) to collections of proceedings of particular types of civil or criminal trials, or to works describing several trials of a specific type. Example: Title: Witchcraft trials of Connecticut. 650 #0 $a Trials (Witchcraft) $z Connecticut. Subject Headings Manual H 2228 Page 1 June 2013 H 2228 Trials 3. Individual criminal trials. Assign as the first heading the name of the defendant with the subdivision BTrials, litigation, etc., or, if the trial has been established as a subject heading, the heading for the name of the trial. Assign one or more additional headings of the type Trials ([topic])B[place], as appropriate, and any other topical headings required for the work in hand.
  • First Year Experience at Fall Reception Kickoff Event, Though the Eyes Of

    First Year Experience at Fall Reception Kickoff Event, Though the Eyes Of

    Volume 1, Issue 2 October 2012 First year experience at Fall Reception Inside this issue: By: Dominique Bryant matter how anyone there identified them- selves, I am confident that everyone felt Real Queer Film Series The preparation was hectic, the perfor- welcomed. Bebe Zahara’s performance was Assistant Director screens “reel” mance exciting, and the faces welcoming. I phenomenal. The only other time I’ve ever topics within the LGBTQ have never before experienced an event like experienced anything like her performance community in a new series pg. 3 this. In my opinion, this event allowed for was through a television screen. people to let down their natural defenses and genuinely interact with new people. Obviously live performances are much dif- ferent and the energy she brought exploded Liaison Spotlights Generally speaking, when individuals are off of the stage. As a first time worker for Focusing on different liaisons each in an environment where they don’t feel the Center, and first year student, I am ex- month, we interview a newcommer comfortable they’re afraid to be themselves. cited to see what awaits my future as I con- as well as a seasoned liaison. pg.4 tinue to work with the Center and being a I truly believe that there was no level of part of these events at Rutgers. discomfort at the Reception that night. No Red Arts Series Generation trouble kicks-off a three part series on AIDS in the arts. pg. 6 RU Ally Week Introduction of RU Ally Week, an initiative meant to highlight the community of social justice allies at Rutgers.
  • Newsletter Still Doesn't Have Any Reporting on Direct Queries and Submissions To: Recent Developments in U.S

    Newsletter Still Doesn't Have Any Reporting on Direct Queries and Submissions To: Recent Developments in U.S

    N ewsletter NoVEMbER, 1991 VolUME 5 NuMbER 5 SpEciAl JournaL Issue In This Issue................................................................ 2 The Speed of DAnksess ancI "CrazecJ V ets on tHe oorstep rama e o s e PublJshER's S tatement, by Ka U TaL .............................5 D D ," by DAvId J. D R ...............40 REMF Books, by DAvid WHLs o n .............................. 45 A nnouncements, Notices, & Re p o r t s ......................... 4 eter C ortez In DarIen, by ALan FarreU ........................... 22 PoETRy, by P D ssy............................................4 4 FIctIon: Hie Romance of Vietnam, VoIces fROM tHe Past: TTie SearcTi foR Hanoi HannaK by RENNy ChRlsTophER...................................... 24 by Don NortTi ...................................................44 A FiREbAlL In tBe Nlqlrr, by WHUam M. KiNq...........25 H ollyw ood CoNfidENTlAl: 1, b y FREd GARdNER........ 50 Topics foR VJetnamese-U.S. C ooperation, PoETRy, by DennIs FRiTziNqER................................... 57 by Tran Qoock VuoNq....................................... 27 Ths A ll CWnese M ercenary BAskETbAll Tournament, Science FIctIon: This TIme It's War, by PauI OLim a r t ................................................ 57 by ALascIaIr SpARk.............................................29 (Not Much of a) War Story, by Norman LanquIst ...59 M y Last War, by Ernest Spen cer ............................50 Poetry, by Norman LanquIs t ...................................60 M etaphor ancI War, by GEORqE LAkoff....................52 A notBer
  • The Sixties Counterculture and Public Space, 1964--1967

    The Sixties Counterculture and Public Space, 1964--1967

    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2003 "Everybody get together": The sixties counterculture and public space, 1964--1967 Jill Katherine Silos University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Silos, Jill Katherine, ""Everybody get together": The sixties counterculture and public space, 1964--1967" (2003). Doctoral Dissertations. 170. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/170 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
  • The Green Sheet and Opposition to American Motion Picture Classification in the 1960S

    The Green Sheet and Opposition to American Motion Picture Classification in the 1960S

    The Green Sheet and Opposition to American Motion Picture Classification in the 1960s By Zachary Saltz University of Kansas, Copyright 2011 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Film and Media Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. John Tibbetts ________________________________ Dr. Michael Baskett ________________________________ Dr. Chuck Berg Date Defended: 19 April 2011 ii The Thesis Committee for Zachary Saltz certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: The Green Sheet and Opposition to American Motion Picture Classification in the 1960s ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. John Tibbetts Date approved: 19 April 2011 iii ABSTRACT The Green Sheet was a bulletin created by the Film Estimate Board of National Organizations, and featured the composite movie ratings of its ten member organizations, largely Protestant and represented by women. Between 1933 and 1969, the Green Sheet was offered as a service to civic, educational, and religious centers informing patrons which motion pictures contained potentially offensive and prurient content for younger viewers and families. When the Motion Picture Association of America began underwriting its costs of publication, the Green Sheet was used as a bartering device by the film industry to root out municipal censorship boards and legislative bills mandating state classification measures. The Green Sheet underscored tensions between film industry executives such as Eric Johnston and Jack Valenti, movie theater owners, politicians, and patrons demanding more integrity in monitoring changing film content in the rapidly progressive era of the 1960s. Using a system of symbolic advisory ratings, the Green Sheet set an early precedent for the age-based types of ratings the motion picture industry would adopt in its own rating system of 1968.
  • Syria: Reactions Against Deserters and Draft Evaders 03012018

    Syria: Reactions Against Deserters and Draft Evaders 03012018

    Report Syria: Reactions against deserters and draft evaders Translation provided by the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium Report Syria: Reactions against deserters and draft evaders LANDINFO – 3 JANUARY 2018 1 About Landinfo’s reports The Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo, is an independent body within the Norwegian Immigration Authorities. Landinfo provides country of origin information to the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet – UDI), the Immigration Appeals Board (Utlendingsnemnda – UNE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Reports produced by Landinfo are based on information from carefully selected sources. The information is researched and evaluated in accordance with common methodology for processing COI and Landinfo’s internal guidelines on source and information analysis. To ensure balanced reports, efforts are made to obtain information from a wide range of sources. Many of our reports draw on findings and interviews conducted on fact-finding missions. All sources used are referenced. Sources hesitant to provide information to be cited in a public report have retained anonymity. The reports do not provide exhaustive overviews of topics or themes, but cover aspects relevant for the processing of asylum and residency cases. Country of origin information presented in Landinfo’s reports does not contain policy recommendations nor does it reflect official Norwegian views. © Landinfo 2018 The material in this report is covered by copyright law. Any reproduction or publication of this report or any extract thereof other than as permitted by current Norwegian copyright law requires the explicit written consent of Landinfo. For information on all of the reports published by Landinfo, please contact: Landinfo Country of Origin Information Centre Storgata 33A P.O.
  • Resist Newsletter, Nov. 20, 1968

    Resist Newsletter, Nov. 20, 1968

    Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Resist Newsletters Resist Collection 11-20-1968 Resist Newsletter, Nov. 20, 1968 Resist Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/resistnewsletter Recommended Citation Resist, "Resist Newsletter, Nov. 20, 1968" (1968). Resist Newsletters. 10. https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/resistnewsletter/10 THE BUILDZNG OF -COMMUNITIES cont'd ••• D!lAFT TO DOUBLE IN 1969 cont'd ••• domestic colonialism. If we can stand may go a good deal higher. For the together we can build a society that last few years the Army has always offers a meaningful life to all of underestimated its needs, and in its ' citizens. February or Ma~ch we can expect an announcement from General Hershey However, we should realize that we that the calls for the rest of the need personally relevant reasons for spring will be even higher than unity. , We should not let phony emo­ anticipated. tionalism perpetuate our organization­ al hang-ups. We must understand the Meanwhile, to keep the manpower people we hope to recruit, where pipeline filled, the Pentagon has they're at and how to activate them, resorted to a variety of maneuvers. and must discourage those who would Reserves called up during the Pueblo use the movement as a psychological crisis have been kept for Vietnam, balm for past hurts and injustices. and other Reserve and National Guard units have been activated and shipped There has not been enough debate out. Regulations governing attendance on the issue of "where do we go from of individual Reservists at drill have here and how?" Bluntly put, the been tightened, and a significant num­ movement can succeed only if we ber of men have been called to active develop continuity through community.