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Soldiers and Veterans Against the War Vietnam Generation Volume 2 Number 1 GI Resistance: Soldiers and Veterans Article 1 Against the War 1-1990 GI Resistance: Soldiers and Veterans Against the War Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/vietnamgeneration Part of the American Studies Commons Recommended Citation (1990) "GI Resistance: Soldiers and Veterans Against the War," Vietnam Generation: Vol. 2 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/vietnamgeneration/vol2/iss1/1 This Complete Volume is brought to you for free and open access by La Salle University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vietnam Generation by an authorized editor of La Salle University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GI RESISTANCE: S o l d ie r s a n d V e t e r a n s AGAINST THE WAR Victim am Generation Vietnam Generation was founded in 1988 to promote and encourage interdisciplinary study of the Vietnam War era and the Vietnam War generation. The journal is published by Vietnam Generation, Inc., a nonprofit corporation devoted to promoting scholarship on recent history and contemporary issues. ViETNAM G en eratio n , In c . ViCE-pRESidENT PRESidENT SECRETARY, TREASURER Herman Beavers Kali Tal Cindy Fuchs Vietnam G eneration Te c HnIc a I A s s is t a n c e EdiTOR: Kali Tal Lawrence E. Hunter AdvisoRy BoARd NANCY ANISFIELD MICHAEL KLEIN RUTH ROSEN Champlain College University of Ulster UC Davis KEVIN BOWEN GABRIEL KOLKO WILLIAM J. SEARLE William Joiner Center York University Eastern Illinois University University of Massachusetts JACQUELINE LAWSON JAMES C. SCOTT JEAN BETHKE ELSHTA1N University of Michigan at Yale University Vanderbilt University Dearborn ROBERT SLABEY RICHARD FALK DAVID MARK University of Notre Dame Cornell University Australian National University NANCY WEIGERSMA DAVID HUNT JOHN CLARK PRATT Fitchburg State College William Joiner Center Colorado State University CHRISTINE PELZER WHITE University of Massachusetts JOCK REYNOLDS Cornell University PHILIP JASON Washington Project for the Arts MARILYN B. YOUNG US Naval Academy TOM RIDDELL New York University WILLIAM KING Smith College University of Colorado All correspondence, including manuscript submissions, should be sent to Kali Tal, Editor, Vietnam Generation, 10301 Procter Street, Silver Spring, MD 20901. Style sheets may be ordered from the editor. If you wish your submission returned, please enclose SASE. Subscriptions to Vietnam Gei^eration are $40. per year for individuals, and $75 per year for institutions. (Add $12 postage for subscriptions outside the US.) .Single copies may be purchased at $12. per issue, or at $9 per issue for orders of over 10. All orders must be prepaid in US currency. Please notify us of change of address at least six weeks in advance; there is a charge for replacement of issues which are returned by the Post Office as undeliverable at the address shown. If claims for undelivered issues are made within six months of the publication date, we will replace the journal. We do not accept cancellations or provide refunds. Vietnam Generation is published quarterly, in January, April, July, and October. Copies of the Vietnam Generation Newsletter and access to the Vietnam Generation bibliographic database are included in the purchase price of the subscription. Articles published do not necessarily represent the opinion of, and are not the legal responsibility of Vietnam Generation, or Vietnam Generation, Inc. or its editorial staff. Copyright © 1990, by Vietnam Generation, Inc. ISSN: 1042-7597 Vietnam Generation VoluiviE 2 INufvibER 1 G l R esistance: SoldiERS ANd Veterans aq aInst tRe War SpEciAl EdiTOR, H a r r y W. H aines 5 H e q e im o n y ANd t He G l R e s is t a n c e : iNTROduCTORy NOTES Harry W. Haines ft ThE W a r WiThiN a W a r : D I ssen t iN t He VIetnaivi- E ra MiliTARy James R. Hayes 20 BREAkiNq RANks: Gl A n tIw a r N e w s p a p e r s ANd t He C u I tu re of P r o t e st Barbara L. Tischler 51 B U c k G l R e sist a n c e DuRiNq ThE V ie t n a m W a r David Cortright 65 ThE PREsIdio 27 Gerry Nicosia 81 A M a t t e r of C o n s c ie n c e : R e s ist a n c e WiThiN ThE U.S. MiliTARy D u r Inq ThE V ie t n a m W a r Bill Short and Willa Seidenberg 104 S t e a Unq HubcAps W.D. Eh I'll art 110 Gl ANd V eterans M o v e m e n t A q a Inst ThE V iet n a m W ar, 1965-1975: A SElECTEd BiblioqRAphy Skip Delano 119 L ieutenant HATfiEld Larry Rollmann 120 N o t e s on ThE AuThoRS DEdicATEd to tHe Memory of MICHAEL PATRICK MADDEN 1948 1989 HEQElMONy ANd ThE G l R e sist a n c e: IfMTROduCTORy NOTES HARRy W. HAiNES Now the sons of-bitches are killing us back home. —Army combat medic at Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam, reacting to ihe Newsweek report of the killings of war protesters at Kent State University, his alma mater, 1970. I put in Jor three tours of duly. /,was in a position to keep people alive. I had influence over an entire province. I put my men to work helping with the harvest. They put up buildings. Once the NVA understood what I was doing,they eased up. I'm talking to you about a de facto bxice, you understand. The war stopped in most of the province. It’s the kind of history that doesn’t get recorded. Few people even know that it happened, and no one will ever admit that it happened. — U.S. Army Colonel, in a university library, 1974. We learned how to cheat on the numbers. We worked with the computers that were used to call in artillery shells and we cheated. And we were good! We put those shells where they couldn’t hurt anybody. Some people probably got killed, but not as many, and not in the villes. —Vietnam veteran, on a train between San Francisco and Salt Inke City, 1974. Anecdotal data. A combat medic weeps for the Kent Slate war dead, a career officer speaks proudly of soldiers who avoided battle, a son of a pioneer Mormon family takes patriotic pride in misguided missiles. The Vietnam war’s ideological contradictions produced experiences which were so fractured and seemingly disconnected from the on-going story of America that Peter Ehrenhaus suggests it was “the first postmodern war.”1 And so perhaps Rick Berg expects too much when he complains that cultural forms have failed to adequately represent the war’s meaning:2 perhaps our culture is simply unable to process the debris of ideological crisis. Still, some of us who survived the Vietnam war both at home and abroad have some reason to hope that a broader range of interpretations might one day unfold in American films, television series, and novels and—most importantly—in the public rituals central to our national political life. And that hope guides the writers whose essays are presented in this special issue of Vietnam Generation. 4 Vietnam Generation I have astonished my students and angered some of my fellow veterans by pointing out that many American soldiers opposed the Vietnam war and took action to limit U.S. military effectiveness. This action included the refusal of orders, the assassination of officers, the distribution of antiwar propaganda, union-like organizing, desertion, sabotage and a general noncompliance with military objectives. By 1970, American political and military leaders could not longer depend on U.S. troops to perform their mission in Vietnam. There developed an amorphous, often uncoordinated “GI Resistance,” reflecting a broad ideological spectrum and including soldiers who took action individually or in groups. This important component of our national experience in Vietnam is part of the war’s submerged history. It is not well documented. And it is subject to revisionist interpretations which identify television news coverage of the war, civilian antiwar activists, or some other factor as the “cause” of “morale problems” among the troops. To identify the GI Resistance as a significant component of the Vietnam war experience is to risk the incredulity of the young, the charge of host ility from certain veterans' groups, and the accusation of partisanship from revisionist academics. The hegemonic process whereby a discredited political elite re-establishes its ideological dominance has resulted in the positioning of the Vietnam veteran as a sign of consensus; discussions of antiwar soldiers go against the grain, because such discussions threaten the positioning of the Vietnam veteran as a sign—a witness—of ideological crisis.3 This special issue of Vietnam Generation is intended to provoke debate and to encourage continued scholarly examination of the GI Resistance. Many of the contributors conceptualize this special issue as an attempt to bring the GI Resistance from the margins, to position it as a major topic within the ongoing struggle over the war’s meaning.'1 Additionally, some of us conceptualize this effort in explicitly ideological terms. We are laying claim to aspects of the lived social experience of the Vietnam war, and we mean to help set the circumstances in which the Vietnam veteran can expand his or her range of postwar interpretations and subjectivity. The importance of this objective requires some explanation of the Vietnam veteran’s developing role as a sign within the ideological struggle over the war’s meaning.
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