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Youth That Transforms Armenia

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Youth That Transforms Armenia YOUTH THAT TRANSFORMS ARMENIA YOUTH THAT TRANSFORMS ARMENIA YOUTH THAT TRANSFORMS ARMENIA National Human Development Report 2018/2019 The right to a future: Youth that transforms Armenia 4 National Human Development Report 2018/2019 The right to a future: Youth that transforms Armenia NHDR 2018/19 TEAM UNDP Programme Analyst Anna Gyurjyan Authors Chapter 1. Marina Galstyan, Aghasi Tadevosyan Chapter 2. Aghasi Tadevosyan, Arevik Harutyunyan Chapter 3. Serob Khachatryan Chapter 4. Areg Tadevosyan Team Leader Serob Khachatryan Translators Mikayel Hambartsumyan, Nazareth Seferian, Aramazd Ghalamkaryan Editors Nazareth Seferian, Aramazd Ghalamkaryan (English), Anahit Brutyan (Armenian) 5 National Human Development Report 2018/2019 The right to a future: Youth that transforms Armenia Preface The sustainable development of Armenia, its future for 2030 (the time line for UN’s Sustainable Development Goals to which Armenia is signatory) and for 2050 (the time line for the Armenia Transformation Strategy now in the works) depends on how the energy, knowledge, skills and values of today’s young people turn into action. Action is what is needed, and the government, the private sector and the civil society can do a lot to help. The report hopefully offers a glimpse into how this can be done. Armenia’s youth is as diverse as the country is and even more diverse with the amazing Diaspora youth living around the world. This diversity in lifestyles, values, outlook creates a unique opportunity but also a challenge - there is no “one size fits all” youth policy, as the report highlights, but there are many cues that the stories of the young people give as to how a flexible, government-wide youth policy might need to look like in the future, based on equal rights and opportunities. As the global human development paradigm promoted by UNDP since the early 1990s shows, investment in education has the highest return on investments. Human development, including education as one of its key pillars, however, is often hampered by inequality. For Armenia, one of the key challenges is not just to design a new generation of education policy, curricula, materials - but to make sure the new “fit for purpose” edu- cation reaches all. From a top graduate of a top university in Yerevan to a part-time attendee of a vocational course to a primary school student in a rural school; from the booming IT start-up scene to young social care workers to young farmers living in border villages. Truly leaving no one behind. A crucial area of focus for the report and for the follow-up to it, which we as UNDP plan, are the life skills for youth - life skills understood very broadly, including a huge potential for leadership, activism, self-orga- nization (building on the transformative energy of the Velvet Revolution of 2018), community engagement but also more granular and core issues - such as tolerance, ability to solve conflicts, recognize and celebrate differences, work in teams, etc. Strong economy and strong society require strong life skills. Finally, this Report itself, a partnership of several prominent researchers, has benefited from so many valu- able inputs from the Government, civil society and international partners; it calls for more systemic part- nerships that benefit Armenia’s youth. At UNDP, we stand ready to work with the youth, individually and through civil society organizations at all levels, with the Government of Armenia and with the broad range of international partners to ensure a brighter future for the country. Dmitry Mariyasin UNDP Resident Representative 6 National Human Development Report 2018/2019 The right to a future: Youth that transforms Armenia Acknowledgements Preparation of the National Human Development Report would not have been possible without the support and valuable contribution from different organizations and individuals. Special thanks are due to the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs for their reviews, valuable additions and recommendations. The Project would like to underline valuable contribution of the International Organization for Migration Armenia office for the preparation of Box 4.6. The Team also received useful comments and advice from the Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia and the State Employment Agency. The team offers its special thanks to Mr. Dmitry Mariyasin, UNDP Armenia Resident Representative, for the provided innovative ideas, intellectual encouragement, guidance and readiness to support. Special thanks are due to Ms. Anna Gyurjyan, UNDP Socio-Economic Program Manager, for the initiation and overall coordination of the Report preparation activities. Recognition is due to Ms. Anahit Brutyan, proofreader of the Armenian version, and Mr. Aramazd Ghalamkaryan, editor of the English version of the Report. Thankful for all the support that they have received, the authors assume full responsibility for the opinions expressed in the Report. 7 National Human Development Report 2018/2019 The right to a future: Youth that transforms Armenia LIST OF ACRONYMS AGBU Armenian General Benevolent Union ANQA The National Center for Professional Education Quality Assurance Foundation ARF Armenian Revolutionary Federation AV B Armenian Volunteers Bank CRRC Caucasus Research Resource Center CSOs Civil Society Organizations EU European Union GG Gender Gap GDP Gross Domestic Product HEIs Higher Education Institutions HBSC Health Behaviour in School-aged Children HRBA Human Rights-Based Approach ICT Information and Communications Technology IHDI Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index IOM International Organization for Migration MESCS Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport NGO Non-Governmental Organization OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PAP Prosperous Armenia Party RA Republic of Armenia RPA Republican Party of Armenia SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SNCO State Non-Commercial Organization STG Sustainable Development Goals TIMSS Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study VET Vocational Education and Training UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund YSI Youth Studies Institute YSU Yerevan State University U.S. The United States USA The United States of America 8 National Human Development Report 2018/2019 The right to a future: Youth that transforms Armenia Content Preface Acknowledgements Acronyms Executive Summary Introduction CHAPTER 1. YOUTH POLICY AGENDA 1.1 Human development and equal opportunities ..............................................................................................................24 1.2 Youth policy in Armenia .................................................................................................................................................25 1.2.1 Definition of “youth” ...............................................................................................................................................25 1.2.2 Youth policy documents .........................................................................................................................................26 1.2.3 Key approaches in youth policy .............................................................................................................................27 1.2.4 Key players in the youth sector ..............................................................................................................................29 1.2.5 Overview of youth studies .......................................................................................................................................31 1.2.6 Youth programmes, organizations and youth labour ..........................................................................................32 1.3. Demographics and challenges ........................................................................................................................................33 Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................................................................................36 CHAPTER 2. YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND VALUES FROM THE CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE 2.1 Youth values and civic involvement ...............................................................................................................................38 2.1.1 Youth values and CSOs ............................................................................................................................................38 2.1.2 Youth social coexistence ........................................................................................................................................ 40 2.1.3 Youth and community life ......................................................................................................................................42 2.2 Youth in socio-political and cultural processes ............................................................................................................43 2.2.1 Youth and politics ................................................................................................................................................... 44 2.2.2 Youth and the Velvet Revolution .......................................................................................................................... 46 2.2.3 Youth and media ...................................................................................................................................................
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