2016 Test for IDI Applicants. (Not Official)

The Winner 2016 Test for IDI applicants. (Not official)

LightOn

International Dharma Instructor’s Association

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Before morning and evening homage ceremonies, monks play four percussion instruments to summon earth-bound, air-borne, water-borne and tormented beings to the Buddha Hall to take part in the ceremony and become enlightened. These four instruments are: ① large drum, wind chime, wooden fish, and the mokt’ak ② wooden pillar, wind chime, wooden fish and large bell ③ large drum, cloud gong, wooden fish and large bell ④ large drum, wind chime, wooden fish and mokt’ak

2. One of the following does NOT meet temple etiquette standards. Which one? ① prostrate three times in the center of the Buddha Hall in from of the main Buddha image ② bow from the waist with hands together when crossing in front of the Buddha image ③ enter the hall one foot at a time and perform a bow in the direction of the Buddha image before going to sit ④ leave the hall one foot at a time without turning your back to the Buddha image

3. Which of the following is NOT a World Cultural Heritage Site as designated by UNESCO? ① Haeinsa Tripitaka Koreana Respository ② Suwon Fortress ③ Hall of Eternal Life, Buseoksa Temple ④ Sokguram Grotto

4. Which of the following correctly matches, in order, the four holy sites of the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, first sermon and passing away? ① Lumbini, Buddhagaya, Sarnath, Kusinara ② Lumbini, Sarnath, Buddhagaya, Kushinara ③ Lumbini, Nalanda, Vesai, Kusinara ④ Lumbini, Vesali, Nalanda, Buddhagaya

5. The Neranjara River, bathing, a young girl named Sujata, and rice boiled in milk are all related to one important event in the life of the Buddha. Which one? ① Renunciation ② Ending asceticism ③ The Buddha’s first Dharma talk ④ Birth in Lumbini Park

6. Which of the following is NOT directly related to the Four Noble Truths? ① The basis of existence is suffering ② The three poisons ③ The Noble Eightfold Path ④ The Four Immeasurable Virtues of a Bodhisattva

7. The meaning of “Sangha” is: ① Community for harmony ② Community for chanting ③ Community of leave-takers ④ Community for total asceticism

8. Mahayana is many things, but NOT one of the following: ① A lay movement that began prior to the beginning of the common era ② A philosophy that underlines the more transcendental aspects of the Buddha’s teachings ③ The Bodhisattva ideals ④ A school of Buddhism that rode the Silk Road into China, Korea, Japan and the Philippines

9. In what year was the “Buddha’s Birthday” first designated as one of Korea’s national holidays? ① 1945 ② 1968 ③ 1975 ④ 1988

10. There are several major types of temple paintings, and one of the most common is a depiction of the historical Buddhas Sakyamuni delivering the Lotus Sutra, surrounded by bodhisattvas, the guardians of the four directions, and his 10 disciples. To which category of paintings does this belong? ① Sweet Dew paintings ② Main Platform paintings ③ Guardian paintings ④Paradise paintings

Short Answer Questions

11. What are Jogye Order’s Five Major Monasteries, and what do we call the main administrator of one?

12. Korea has three temples representing the Triple Gems of Buddhism, i.e. the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Which ones are they?

13. The Buddhist community has four classifications of members, both monastic and lay. What are they?

14. Who is the current Patriarch of the Jogye Order and where does he reside?

15. What are the Five Lay Precepts?

Subjective Questions

16. The bodhisattva ideal is preeminent to Mahayana Buddhism. What is a bodhisattva?

17. What do you perceive as similarities and differences between Buddhism and Christianity?

18. What kinds of activities are of most interest to you as an International Dharma Instructor?

19. Which part of the Noble Eightfold Path do you consider most important, and why?

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1. Describe some major differences between Buddhism and other major religions .

2. As a lay Buddhist, what kind of practice have you been doing recently?

Short Answers

1. Write, in order, Three Universal Characteristics and the Four Noble Truths.

2. Write, in order, the components of the Noble Eightfold Path .

3. List at least three major differences between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism .

4. Write the original words from Pali for the Three Baskets , I. e. , the scriptures, discipline, treatise.

5. Essential to Mahayana are the Six Paramitas. In this instance, what is the meaning of "paramita"?

6. What are the Three Gems, or Jewels, of Buddhism?

7. Twenty schools of Theravada Buddhism were developed out of two basic orders. What were they?

8. Name at least two major features of Chinese Buddhism.

9. Name at least three major features of Korean Buddhism.

10. ( ) had ambitious plans to expand his empire through military conquests. In his invasion of the neighbouring state of Kalinga, many thousands were killed, wounded or captured. The tremendous loss of lives in this invasion proved a turning point in the life of Ashoka. Disenchanted with war, he decided not to undertake any more military expeditions. He turned to religion instead and soon became a devoted Buddhist.

11. Name the three types of karma. In Buddhism, which is the most important?

12. Humanity is marked by birth, ageing, sickness and death. What marks the universe?

13. In yogacara(or vijnanavada), what is the storehouse of consciousness called?

14. What is the first of 12 links of interdependent co-arising?

15. List the five skandas and give modern interpretations of their meanings.

16. List the Eight Great Scenes of Buddha's Life.

17. In the Buddha's prior life as a Bodhisattva ( ), ( ) Buddha predicted that he would become a Buddha in the future.

18. Which sutra best represents the Jogye Order's teachings?

19. What are the three core teachings of the Jogye Order?

20. Rahula's mother, who later became the first female monk, was ?

Multiple Choice Questions

1. List the 12 causes of dependent origination in order: ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) ignorance - action - consciousness - name and form - six sense organs - contact - sensation - desire - grasping - being, existing - birth - old age & death 2) ignorance - action - consciousness - six sense organs - name and form - contact - desire - grasping - sensation - being, existing - birth - old age & death 3) ignorance - action - consciousness - six sense organs - name and form - contact - grasping - desire - sensation - being, existing - birth - old age & death 4) ignorance - action - consciousness - name and form - six sense organs - contact - desire - sensation - grasping - being, existing - birth - old age & death

2. Of the Three Baskets, which came first? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) Scriptures 2) Discipline 3) Treatise

3. Which of the following is incorrect? ( ANSWER NO.___ ) 1)Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath 2)Buddha became enlightened in Rajagrha 3)Buddha was born in Lumbini 4) Buddha entered Nirvana at Kushinagara

4. Which of the Buddha's disciples proposed to convene a council after the Buddha's passing? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) Ananda 2) Upali 3) Katyayana 4) Mahakasyapa 5) Subuti

5. Which of the following has no relation to the 1st congress? ( ANSWER NO._____) 1) Rajagrha 2)500 Council 3) Vesali 4) Cave of the Seven Leaves 5) Ananda

6. Which has no relation to Mahayana Buddhism? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) lay Buddhism 2) achieving Buddhahood 3)Bodhisattvayana 4) Six Perfections 5) Renunciation

7. Which does not apply to the Four Noble Truths? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) Life is suffering 2) Suffering is caused by desire 3) Emptiness 4) The cure is the Noble Eightfold Path 5) There is a cure to suffering

8. Select two from the following that are not part of the Three Studies: ( ANSWER NO.______) 1)Discipline 2)Mediation 3)Knowledge of liberation 4) Liberation from Suffering 5) Wisdom

9. Select two from the following that do not belong to the Noble Eightfold Path: ( ANSWER NO.____ ) 1)Correct views 2) Correct conduct 3) Correct path 4)Correct mindfulness 5) Correct occupation 6) Correct practice

10. Select 1) the founder of the Jogye Order and 2) the monk responsible for a major revival: ( 1) ANSWER NO.___ ), ( 2) ANSWER NO.____) 1) National Master Doui 2) National Master Pojo 3) National Master Po-u 4) Zen Master Songchol 5) Zen Patriarch Huineng 11. Select the two temples that are not Three Jewel temples of Korea: ( ANSWER NO._____ ) 1) Haeinsa 2) Beomeosa 3) Songgwangsa 4) Sudeoksa 5) Tongdosa

12. Which monk was responsible for setting the foundation for comprehensive Buddhism: (ANSWER NO.__ ) 1) Uisang 2) Wonhyo 3) Seosan 4) Jinul 5) Daehyae

13. Which of the following was not included in the Buddha's first sermon, the Turning of the Wheel? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) 12 causes of dependent origination 2) Noble Eightfold Path 3) Middle Way 4) Four Noble Truths 5) Meditation

14. Which of the following does not apply to the Four Noble Truths? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) Craving 2) Meeting people you dislike 3)Elimination of craving 4)the five skandas 5) impermanence

15. Which does not apply to the 10-14 questions that the Buddha did not answer? ( ANSWER NO.___ ) 1) the world as finite or infinite 2) the existence of the Tathagata after passing 3) the relationship of the body and the spirit 4) the unity of the atman and the brahman

16. Which is the correct match for the names of the Buddha's parents? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) Suklodhanaraja Yasodhara 2) Suddhodana Maya 3) Suklodhanaraja Maya 4) Suddhodana - Yasodhara

17. At the time of the Buddha, society was a caste system. Which caste did the Buddha belong to? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1)Brahman 2)Vaishya 3)Shudra 4) Kshatriya 18. Which of the following is correct regarding the physical attributes of the Buddha? ( ANSWER NO.__ ) 1) 32 marks and 81 features 2) 32 marks and 80 features 3) 30 marks and 80 features 4) 30 marks and 81 features

19. When did the Buddha say to "be a lamp unto thyself"? ( ANSWER NO.______) 1) after enlightenment 2) at the Deer Park 3) when passing into Nirvana 4) when telling his disciples to go forth to preach the Dharma

20. At what ages did the Buddha become enlightened and enter Nirvana? ( ANSWER NO.___ ) 1) 29-70 2) 29-80 3 )35-70 4)35-80

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MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (3 points each) 1. Which of the following correctly matches, in order, the four holy sites of the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, first sermon, and passing away? 1) Lumbini, Buddhagaya, Sarnath, Kusinara 2) Lumbini, Sarnath, Buddhagaya, Kushinara 3) Lumbini, Nalanda, Vesai, Kusinara 4) Lumbini, Vesali, Nalanda, Buddhagaya

2. Which of the following is NOT correct about ‘Eight Scenes from the Life of the Buddha’? 1) Announcement of the Imminent Birth - Shakyamuni Buddha is descending from heaven riding an elephant under the escort of heavenly beings. 2) The Birth - The baby being born in Lumbini Park with beautiful flowers blooming and mystical birds singing. 3) Four Scenes of Human Existence - Prince Siddhartha saw an old person, sick person, a corpse and an ascetic. And then he left the palace. 4) Asceticism - For six years he studied and meditated to find the truth.

3. The meaning of “Sangha” is: 1) Community for harmony 2) Community for chanting 3) Community of leave-takers 4) Community for total asceticism

4. The Neranjara River, bathing, a young girl named Sujata, and rice boiled in milk are all related to one important event in the life of the Buddha. Which one? 1) Renunciation 2) Ending asceticism 3) The Buddha’s first Dharma talk 4) Birth in Lumbini Park

5. He was one of the important new additions to the early Sangha with Moggallana and became one of the Buddha's chief disciples. He had formally been a disciple of another spiritual teacher, Sanjaya (the leader of the Sceptics), but had not gained complete understanding through his teachings. On hearing the Buddha's Dharma on "Dependant Origination," he made up his mind to become a member of the Sangha. Who is he? 1) Kashapa 2) Sariputta 3) Upali 4) Ananda

6. Which of these was one of the most important results of the Buddhist Council held under the patronage of the emperor Asoka? 1) More monasteries and pagoda were constructed throughout India. 2) All the Buddhist monks were gathered together for the first time. 3) Buddhist missionaries were sent out all over the ancient world. 4) The Buddhist Scriptures were written down for the first time.

7. ( ) is the bodhisattva of perfect compassion. The name means Hearer of Cries. She is often pictured with her head slightly tilted as if listening to the pleas of the suffering. She also assumes a thousand-eyed and thousand-armed form. Each hand bears an eye so that the bodhisattva can see how to help those in distress. 1) Avalokitesvara 2) Ksitigarbha 3) Samantabhadra 4) Manjushri

8. Which of the following is NOT true about the mind-ox-painting? 1) It is one type of Zen art and is a metaphor to seeking one’s true nature. 2) It shows ten stages of practice so is often called as the ox-herding series. 3) The last stage of the painting is to become a person who has completely forgotten the existence of the ox. 4) BoMyong's corresponding painting is called the ox-herding-painting because its meaning can be herding an ox.

9. Which of the following is NOT a World Cultural Heritage Site as designated by UNESCO? 1) Haeinsa Tripitaka Koreana Respository 2) Suwon Fortress 3) Hall of Eternal Life, Buseoksa Temple 4) Sokguram Grotto

10. Which is NOT a major monastery (Chong-Lim) in the Jogye-Order? 1) Songgwang-sa 2) Haein-sa 3) Bulguk-sa 4) Baekyang-sa

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH. (5 points each)

11. What are the Five Aggregates?

12 What are the Six paramitas (perfections)?

13. What are the Three Marks of Existence(the Three Dharma Seals)?

14. What are The Four Noble Truths?.

15. Please write The Noble Eightfold Path.

16. People mostly offer six things such as incense, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) and ( ) to the Buddha in the Buddha Hall.

PLEASE ANSWER BRIEFLY IN ENGLISH (10 POINTS EACH)

17. What is the definition of “Dependent Origination’? Explain it with an example from your own daily life.

18. What kind of practice do you do, and why?

19. Please describe the reason the Buddha left his palace to became a seeker.

20. TRANSLATE INTO KOREAN “Buddha is a good friend to all people. If Buddha finds a man suffering from the heavy burden of worldly passions, he feels compassion and shares the burden with him. If he meets a man suffering from delusion, he will clear away the delusion by the pure light of his wisdom. Like a calf which enjoys its life with its mother, those who have heard the Buddha’s teachings are afterward unwilling to leave him because his teachings bring them happiness.” (S.N35-5)

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PLEASE FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1. Buddha was born in the city of ______, attained the Enlightenment in ______, first taught the Dharma in ______and passed away in ______. Lumbini/ Bodgaya/ Saranath/ Kusinagar

2. "He who sees Dependent Arising, sees the ______." Dharma

3. When there is this, that is. With the arising of this, that arises. When this is not, neither is that With the cessation of this, that ______. is extinguished, (or disappears, vanishes, ceases)

4. If we cultivate ______, we receive good results. wholesome causes, or good causes

5. Dependent on tanha (craving) there arises ______. Upadana, or grasping, clinging, attachment

6. Kushala or ______means intelligent, or skillful. It refers to those intentional actions which are beneficial to oneself and others, springing out from kindness, compassion, renunciation and wisdom. good karma

7. The Six Indriyas (adhyatma-ayatana, ajjhatta-ayatana) Six Internal Bases, Six Sense-organs, or Six internal Places are eye, ear, nose, tongue, ______and ______. a. body b. mind 8. The Six Gunas (bahira-ayatana), Six External Bases, or Six Dusts are sight, sound, ______, taste, ______and ______.. a. scent, or smell b. tangibles, or touch c. dharma or idea 9. By practicing the Ten Good Deeds and Ten Meritorious Deeds, the fully ripened fruit of these wholesome actions consists of rebirth in the higher realms of happiness, i.e. Man, Asura and Deva. Conversely, the full ripened fruit of the unwholesome action consists of rebirth in the lower realms of suffering, i.e. Hell, ______and Animals. Hungry Ghosts

10. The Six Consciousnesses are the ______and the discriminative ability of the eye, ear, nose, tongue, ______and ______.. a. perceptions b. body c. mind

11. The third Council was held at Pataliputra (modern patna) under the patronage of the Emperor ______about 200 years after Parinirvana. Ashoka

12. The Five Skandhas or Five Aggregates are, the five components of intelligent beings, or psychological analysis of the mind. They are ______, ______, ______, ______, and Consciousness. a. Matter or Form (rupa) b. Sensation or Feeling (vedana) c. Recognition or Conception (samjna, sanna) d. Volition or Mental Formation (samskara, sankhara)

13 The Hall of Great Calm and Brilliance is dedicated to ______Buddha. Vairocana

14. The Madhyamika was founded by ______, a South Indian philosopher of genius whose method was dialectic and aims at pointing to sunyata by ruthless negating all pairs of opposites. Nagarjuna

15. ______'s philosophy asserts the first three of Buddhism's four truths in that it associates will with desire, appetite, and craving. However, instead of the fourth truth, he describes a twofold path. Denial of the will is attained by either. In 「The World as Will and Representation」, he proposed that humans living in the realm of objects are living in the realm of desire, and thus are eternally tormented by that desire. His idea of the role of desire resembled that of Vedanta Hinduism and Buddhism, and he drew attention to these similarities. Schopenhauer

PLEASE ANSWER BRIEFLY IN ENGLISH

16. List the Five Precepts. to refrain from killing any living beings, taking anything that is not given sexual misconduct lying and bad speech all intoxicants

17. What is Tripitaka (Tipitaka )? Vinaya, Sutra (Sutta), Abhidharma (abhidhamma)

18. Please list the five major monasteries (Chongrims, 叢林) in Korea ? Haein (海印), Youngchook (靈竺), Jogye (曹溪), Deoksoong (德崇), Gobul (古佛)

19. What was the name of the first temple in China ? Baekmasa (白馬寺)

20. Young Prince Gautama Siddhartha encountered four sights outside the gates of his castle. What were they? Sick man/ Old man/ Dead man/ Mendicant

21. What did Gautama Siddhartha eventually discover after his long practice? The Middle Path or Dependent Origination

22. What were the Buddha's last words? Everything is impermanent, Practice with diligence. (Subject to change are all things, strive on with diligence)

23. Please list The Three Marks of Existence in order. Impermanence / No Self (Impersonality) / Suffering

24. Please list The Four Noble Truths in order. Suffering / Cause of suffering / End of suffering or cessation / Ways out of suffering

25. Where do all sufferings come from? Ignorance & Attachment

26. What is the way to be free from all sufferings? The Noble Eightfold Path

27. Please list The Noble Eightfold Path in order. Right view / intention / speech / action / livelihood / effort / mindfulness / concentration

28. Please list the 12 links in order. Ignorance-action- consciousness- formation (name and formation) - six senses- contact- sensation or feeling- craving- attachment- becoming- birth- old and death

29. What is the definition of karma? All actions with body, by telling, by mind

30. What are Six-Paramitas (The Perfections)? Write in order. Generosity (Giving) - Ethics (Morality) -Patience (perserverence) - Effort (Determination)-Concentration (Meditation)-Wisdom 31. Please explain the similarity and difference between Daeungjeon (大雄殿) and Daeungbojeon (大雄寶殿) ? Sakyamuni Buddha is enshrined commonly, but the Dae-ung-jeon the Buddha has two attendant Bodhisattvas while there are three Buddha triads in the Daeungbojeon

32. What are three poisons we try to remove? Desire, Hatred, Ignorance

33. Who is the ideal person in Theravada and in Mahayana Buddhism? Arahat / Bodhisattva

34. Please list The Four Percussion Instruments (四物) in a temple. Big bell – drum – cloud gong – wooden fish

35. Sometimes on the wall of the Main Buddha in a temple you can find a series of pictures depicting the life of Buddha. What is this series called? Pal Sang do (The Eight Scenes from the Buddha’s Life)

36. In Korea there are Three Jewel temples. What are they? Tongdosa-Haeinsa-Songkwangsa

37. The Buddha was only depicted by symbols before the advent of the Buddha images in human form. What do the following symbols represent? a) wheel b) stupa Buddha's teaching Buddha's final nirvana.

38. Early stupa art functioned as a visual text. What practice among the Six Perfections is implied in the Vessantara jataka scene of the Sanchi Great Stupa? Generosity or great virtues

39. When was the first image of the Buddha in human form created? the first century C.E.

40. What was enshrined in the ancient Buddhist stupa? Buddha's relics or remains

41. What was a conceptual model for Mathura artists to make a Buddha image in the very first stage? the Great men or Great Being ( Mahapurusa) in ancient Indian tradition

42. What was the physical model for Mathura artists for making a Buddha image? a Yaksa (or a local male deity, a local god)

43. How many auspicious marks are mentioned in the Digha Nikaya ? 32 marks

44. What does the protuberance of the Buddha's head symbolize? Buddha's spiritual superiority

45. Who built the stupa after the Buddha’s parnirvana? the laity

46. The hand gestures ( mudra) of the Buddha implies symbolic meanings. What does the earth-touching gesture mean in early Buddhist art ? a witness of the earth

47. When did the first Buddhist art begin? third century BCE (Asoka’s ruling period)

48. Translate into English 제악막작(諸惡莫作) 중선봉행(衆善奉行) 자정기의(自淨其意) 시제불교(是諸佛敎) Not to do any evil, to do good, to purify the mind, these three principles are fundamental in Buddhist doctrine.

49. Translate into Korean. "Now, what is the difference between Mahayana and Theravada? I have studied Mahayana for many years, I find there is hardly any difference between Theravada and Mahayana with regard to the fundamental teachings. - Both accept Sakyamuni Buddha as the Teacher.- The Four Noble Truths are exactly the same in both schools.- The Eightfold Path is exactly the same in both schools.- The Paticca-samuppada or the Dependent Origination is the same in both schools.- Both rejected the idea of a supreme being who created and governed this world. - Both accept Anicca (Impermanence), Dukkha (Suffering), Anatta (No self) and Sila (Rules or Precepts), Samadhi (Concentration), Panna (Wisdom) without any difference." (Dr.Rahula) 소승불교와 대승불교의 차이는 무엇일까? 나는 오랫동안 소승과 대승불교에 관하 여 공부를 했지만 부처님의 가르침의 기본에 있어서 그 둘 사이의 차이를 발견하 기는 힘들었다. - 석가모니 부처님을 스승으로 모시는 것은 동일하다 - 사성제는 두 학파에서 일치한다 - 팔정도는 두 학파에서 일치한다 - 연기법은 두 학파에서 일치한다 - 이 세상을 주관하거나 창조 했다는 超人의 존재 사상은 인정하지 않는다 - 두 학파 모두 제행무상 일체개고 제법무아 그리고 계와 선정 그리고 지혜 를 받아 들임에는 하등의 차이가 없다.

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Please choose the best one (@ 1 point)

1. Which one of the characteristics listed below is not one of 3 unique to Korean Buddhism? ① Interpenetrated Buddhism ② Zen Buddhism ③ Wishing fulfillment Buddhism ④ Defense-country Buddhism

2. Which list is the Three Jewels temple? ① Haein-sa, Buseok-sa, Bulguk-sa ② Baekyang-sa, Songgwang-sa, Bulguk-sa ③ T'ongdo-sa, Beopju-sa, Jogye-sa ④ T'ongdo-sa, Haein-sa, Songgwang-sa

3. In the Temple Structure, which gate comes first? ① The Guardians Gate ② The One Pillar Gate ③ The Non-duality Gate ④ The Liberation Gate

4. What idea do these phrases deal with? 1) The Lotus Flower Bridge and the Seven Gems Bridge of Bulguksa Temple 2) Anyangmun, the Non-duality Gate, at Buseoksa Temple ① The way to the world of Humanity ② The way to the Lotus world ③ The way to the Pure Land ④ The way to the world of Virocana

5. Which contains the Rules of disciplines ? ① Vinaya ② Sutra(Sutta) ③ Abhidharma ④ Suttanipata

6. Which sutra does the Jogye Order depend on? ① The Diamond Sutra ② The Garland Sutra ③ The Lotus Sutra ④ The Mahaparinirvana Sutra

7. Who is the writer of the following Zen-poem? 菩提本無樹明鏡亦非臺 There is no bodhi tree, nor stand of a mirror bright. 本來無一物何處惹塵埃 Since all is void, where can the dust alight. ① Won-hyo(元曉) ② Shen-hsiu(神秀) ③ Chi-nul(知訥) ④ Hui-neug(慧能)

8. Around the 2nd to 3rd century CE, who was often referred to as the second Buddha, systematically organizing Mahayana philosophy ? ① Vasubandhu ② Nagarjuna ③ Asanga ④ Mahsamghikas

9. Which are the three root-defilements in Buddhism? ① greed, hate, aggregates ② upekha, hate, delusion ③ mudita, impermanence, delusion ④ greed, hate, delusion

10. Which is the main idea of Heart sutra, one of six perfections? ① generosity ② morality ③ wisdom ④ meditation

11. Meditation is necessary for ① enjoying life ② increasing wisdom ② having a calm mind ④ seeking beautiful mind

12. He tried to purify Goryo Buddhism by a new movement named ‘The Concentration and the Wisdom’ (定慧結社). Who was he? ① Dosun ② Uicheon ③ Chinul ④ Bowoo

13. Where was the Zen-Buddhism introduced in Korea? ① Goguryo ② Shilla ③ Goryo ④ Baikjae

14. "The main theme of his works was that of proof at the most fundamental level of understanding of the lack of conflict in the apparently divergent doctrines of the various schools of Buddhism that had developed in India and China." Who was he? ① Uisang ② Wonhyo ③ Chinul ④ Bowoo

15. Who was an Englishman and the founder of Pali Text Society with his wife? ① Rhys Davids ② Christmas Humphreys ③ Schopenhauer ④ Edwin Arnold

Please write all in English (each 2~5 points)

16. Who is the supreme patriarch of Jogye Order now ? (2) His holiness Ven. Dorim Beopjun(道林法傳)

17. Statues of the Buddha were not produced until some 500 years after His parinirvana. During this period, the Buddha was represented by symbols such as ( , ). Please list two items more. (2) the Bodhi tree, the Dharma wheel, footprints, stupa, and so on

18. Who introduced Tiantai from China to Goryo Dynasty? (2) Uichun(義天) did.

19. Where did Buddha enter into the Parinirvana? (2) He entered under the sala grove at Kushinara(Kusinagara)

20. Who erected the huge columns in many places throughout his great empire, the one pillar with four seated lions excavated at Sarnath is the most famous for its excellent workmanship? (2) Ashoka did

21. Fill in the blanks correctly. The ___(A)______(B)__ Hall is the center of the monastery not only architecturally but also spiritually. The ___(A)______(B)___ Hall was originally called the Golden Hall due to the gilded body of the Buddha Image. Depending on which Image of the Buddha is enshrined and upon the Temple’ s character and size, several different names can be used for the ___(A)______(B)___ Hall. (2) Main Buddha

22. The reason for building the two Pagodas at the same site is to follow the statement found in the Lotus Sutra that the Buddha of the Past is standing besides the Buddha of the Present to witness the Buddha’s teaching. What are these two Pagodas ? (2) The Pagoda of Many Gems & the Three-story Stone Pagoda of Sakyamuni at Bulguksa

23. Dancheong is the method of painting the wooden parts of buildings with cosmic design. Please describe the purpose of Dancheong. (2) "refer to the protection of the wood" is OK

24. Korea has five Jeokmyeolbogung(寂滅寶宮) shrines that house Buddha’s sarira and head bones that Jajang, a monk in the Silla Dynasty, brought from the Tang Dynasty. Please write them. (3) They are T'ongdo-sa, Beopheug-sa, Jeongam-sa, Bongjeong-ahm, Sangwon- sa(Woljeong-sa)

25. Usually in Korean temple, the Great Hero Hall is dedicated to the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni with two attendant Bodhisattvas supporting Him. Who is on His right and on His left? (3) They are Samantabhadra, the bodhisattva of Action and Majusri, the Boddhisattva of wisdom.

26. The Eight fold path can be divided into three categories – Ethical Conduct, Mental Development and Wisdom. Ethical conduct contains ( ), ( ),( ). Fill in the blanks. (3) right speech, action, livelihood

27. The Garland sutra(Avatamsaka sutra) emphasizes the doctrine of 'the three Bodies of the Buddha'. Please explain the Buddhas dedicated in the Hall of Great Calm and Brilliance. (3) Vairocana Buddha(Dharmakaya) in the center, Rocana Buddha (Sambhokaya) to the left and Sakyamuni Buddha(Nirmanakaya) to the right

28. Brahmavihāra (Pali and Sanskrit) can be translated as Sublime Attitudes or Abodes of God. They are also called the "Four Immeasurables," or "the four sublime attitudes. Please list the Four Immeasurables. (4) They are loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity ( or metta, karuna, mudita, upekha.)

29. Please explain the place and reason of the second council in early Buddhism? (4) The council was held at Vesali(Vaisali), and because of some debates between the Elders and the Mahasangha about 100 years after the Parinirvana.

30. Some Buddhists meditate on (or contemplate) the Buddha as having nine characteristics: the Buddha is a worthy, omniscient, full of ( ) and virtue, wellgone, ( ) of all worlds, and ( ) charioteer of people, ( ) of gods and men, Enlightened, Blessed one! (4) knowledge/ Knower /Incomparable /Teacher

31. Please write down the Paramitas in order from Generosity(Dana). (5) Conduct(Morality) Patience(Endurance) Vigor(Effort Energy Determination) Meditation Wisdom

32. Please write down Dependent Origination, in reverse order. (5) Old and death/ Birth/ Becoming/ Attachment(Grasping)/ Craving/ Feeling/ Contact/ Six senses/ Mind and Body/ Consciousness/ Volitional action(Mental formation/ Ignorance

Please select one and translate into Korean. (5) 33-a. "….. they should see insightfully, correctly, and repeatedly that even the five aggregates are empty of inherent nature. Form is empty, emptiness is form, Emptiness is not other than form, form is also not other than emptiness. Likewise, sensation, discrimination, conditioning, and awareness are empty. In this way, Sariputra, all things are emptiness; they are without defining characteristics; they are not born, they do not cease, they are not defiled, they are not undefiled. They have no increase, they have no decrease. " 그들은 직관(통찰력)을 가지고, 올바르게, 반복하여 오온(몸과 마음, 색수상행식)의 타고난 본성은 공한 것이라고 봐야 한다. 몸은 공한 것이고, 공은 몸이고, 공은 형상과 다른 것이 아니고, 형상은 몸과 다른 것이 아니다. 마찬가지로, 감각(수), 차별(상), 검사(행), 인식들도 공한 것이다. 이와 같은 방법으로, 사리불이여, 모든 것은 공함이니라: 모든 것들은 뭐라고 규정할 수 없는 성질이다: 모든 것들은 태 어나지도 않았고, 사라지지도 않으며, 더럽혀지지도 않았고, 깨끗해지지도 않았다. 그것들은 수적으로 늘어나는 것이 아니고 수적으로 적어지는 것도 아니다.

33-b. Samatha bhavana and Vipassana bhavana The purpose of Samatha meditation is to attain deep concentration of the mind on a single object. Samatha is one of the factors of the Noble Eightfold Path. On the one hand, Samatha means cittavisuddhi, purity of mind which comes into being through the elimination of five hindrances. The method of Vipassana is the realization of the three characteristics of existence or mental and physical phenomena as they are impermanence, suffering, and no self nature. Therefore we have to observe any mental state or physical process that is arising at that moment as it actually occurs. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Of the three Gates in the Temple Structure, which come first? 1) The Guardian Gate 2) The One Pillar Gates 3) The Non- duality Gate

2. What idea do these paragraphs deal with? 1) The Lotus Flower Bridge and the Seven Gems Bridge of Bulguksa Temple 2) Anyangmun, the Non-duality Gate, at Buseoksa Temple 1) The way to the world of Humanity 2) The way to the Lotus world 3) The way to the Pure Land

Short Answer Questions 1. What is the general term in English language for a tiered tower with multiple eaves common to Nepal, China, Japan and Korea and other part of Asia? In Korea, it was made of wood, earth, brick, stone or other materials.

2. Fill in the blanks. The ______Hall is the center of the monastery not only architecturally but also spiritually. The ______Hall was originally called the golden Hall due to the gilded body of the Buddha Image. Depending on which Image of the Buddha is enshrined and upon the Temple’s character and size, several different names can be used for the ______Hall.

3. The reason for building the two Pagodas at the same site is to follow the statement found in the Lotus Sutra that the Buddha of the Past is standing besides the Buddha of the Present to witness the Buddha’s teaching. What are these two Pagodas and in which Realm of the world of Buddha are they?

4. Upon the basic building arrangement of the Buddhist Temple in Korea, there are various structures depending on the location and temple’s character. Please list the buildings in the Monastery.

Composition 1. Please describe the architecture of the Great Hero Hall in general. 2. Dancheong is the method of painting the wooden parts of buildings with cosmic design. Please describe the purpose of Dancheong. 3. The natural materials are basically used for Buddhist Architecture in Korea. What are they and where are they used for?

Answer Multiple Choice Questions: 1. 2) 2. 2) Short Answer Questions: 1. Pagoda 2. Main Buddha 3. The Pagoda of Many Gems & the Three-story Stone Pagoda of Sakyamuni at Bulguksa / The world of Humanity 4. Main Halls, Boddhisattvas Halls, Shrines and Pavilions, and Academies and Living quarters Composition: 1. “ideas of general description” is OK 2. “refer to the protection of the wood” is OK 3. soil(mud, earth), wood, and stone / stone footings and platforms, wooden column and mud wall etc

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Fill in the blanks with using indicated words

1. The Buddha Such indeed is the Buddha: worthy, omniscient, full of ( ) and virtue, wellgone, ( ) of all worlds, and ( ) charioteer of people, ( ) of gods and men, Enlightened, ( )! 답: knowledge/ Knower /Incomparable /Teacher /Happy

2, The Dharma Wellexpounded is the Dharma by the Buddha: to be ( ): with immediate results: inviting ( ): leading to Nirvana: to be ( ) by the wise each for ( ). 답: Selfrealized/ Investigation/ Understood/ Himself.

3. The Sangha Of good conduct is the Order of the disciples of the ( ) ( ): of upright conduct is the Order: of wise ( ) is the Order; of dutiful conduct is the Order. This Order of the disciples of the Happy One - namely , these ( )( ) of people - worthy of ( ), is worthy of ( ) is worthy of ( ), is an incomparable field of merit to the ( ). 답: Happy. One Conduct. Four. Pairs. Hospitality Gifts. Reverence. World

4. Accroding to ‘The Buddha in the Samyutta-Nikaya’ there are three kinds or levels of suffering (Dukka). Which of the following is not true about them? (text 52P) 1) suffering as pain 2) suffering inherent in the formations 3) suffering in change 4) suffering depart from beloved one. 답: 4.

5. What is the only way to end of suffering? 답: The 8 fold path

6. The Eight fold path can be divided into three categories – Ethical Conduct , Mental Development and wisdom. Fill in the blanks. Ethical conduct contains ()()() 답: right speech, action, livelihood Mental Development contains ()()() 답: Right effort mindfulness concentration Wisdom contains ()() 답: right understanding intention

7. Meditation is necessary for 답: 2 교재 72페이지 1) enjoying life 2) increasing wisdom 3) having a calm mind 4) seeking beautiful mind

8. Please write down The Perfections in order. 답: Generosity(Giving, Charity) Conduct(Morality) Patience(Endurance) Vigor(Effort Energy Determination) Meditation Wisdom

9. A Bodhisattva practices all the perfections for the sake of 1) developing supernatural power 2) attaining enlightenment for himself 3) attaining enlightenment for others 4) good luck

Please down Write down Dependent Origination the other round. 답: Old and death/ Birth/ Becoming/ Attachment(Grasping)/ Craving/ Feeling/ Contact/ Six senses/ Mind and Body/ Consciousness/ Volitional action(Mental formation/ Ignorance

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1. Please list the Four Holy Sites of Buddhism and explain them briefly. Ans) Buddha was born in Lumbini, attained the Enlightenment in Bodhgaya, He gave His first teaching in Saranath, and passed away in Kusinagar.

2. Please explain the Second Council of Buddhism. Ans) It was held at Vaishali, 100 years after the first. After debates between a more liberal group and traditionalists, the liberal group left and labeled themselves the Mahasangha -- "the great sangha. "They would eventually evolve into the Mahayana tradition of northern Asia. The traditionalists, now referred to as Theravada or "teaching of the elders", developed a complex set of philosophical ideas beyond those elucidated by Buddha. These were collected into the Abhidharma or "higher teachings.

3. A young prince, Gautama Siddhartha saw four sights out of his castle. What were those four? Ans) They were a Sick man, an Old man, a Dead man, a Monk(Practitioner).

4. What does 'Shunyata(Śūnyatā) mean in Nāgārjuna's Madhyamaka school? Ans) Shunyata means emptiness. But this doesn't mean that nothing exists. It means that nothing exists in and of itself, but only as a part of a universal web of being. Of course, it is actually a restatement of the central Buddhist concepts of anātman(anatta), anitya(anicca), and dukkha

5. Yogachara, is credited to two brothers, who lived in India in the 300's CE. Who were they and what is their main ideas? Ans) They were Asanga and Vasubandhu, and they believed that everything that exists is mind or consciousness.

6. What are three poisons that we have to remove in Buddhism? Ans) They are Desire, Hatred, Ignorance.

7. Please explain 'Anicca(Anitya)' with your experiences ?

8. Korea has three temples, representing the three Gems of Buddhism. Please write the temple of Dharma-Gem and explain the reasons. Ans) It is Haein-sa, which has Korean Tripitaka.

9. Please introduce Ananda, one of Buddha's ten disciples. Ans) He was a cousin of Buddha, and served Him for 20 years. Because of his good memory, he recite Buddha's discourse at the First Council. So we can see 'Thus have I heard' in every sutra.

10. What is 'Dukkha' in Buddhism? Please explain with some examples. Ans) causes and solutions

11. If you have any sufferings in your daily life, what do you think the fundamental reasons are ? Ans) Ignorance & attachment

12. Please explain 'Dependent Origination ( ā ' with some examples. Ans)

13. There were 10 foremost Buddha’s disciples including Sariputra and Mahakasapa, then who was the most famous disciple in spreading the Dharma? Ans) Purna

14. Please list the Five Skandhas(Aggregates) in Buddhism. Ans) 1. "form" or "matter" (rūpa) 2. "sensation" or "feeling" (vedanā): 3. "perception" or "cognition" (saññā): 4. "mental formations" or "volition" (saṅkhāra) : 5. "consciousness" (viññāṇa):

15. Please explain the Law of Karma in Buddhism more positively. Ans)

16. Please list Six Paramitas, choose one of them, which is your favorite practicing way and explain how to practice in your daily life. Ans) Dāna paramita(布施波羅蜜) : generosity, giving of oneself Śīla paramita(持戒波羅蜜) : virtue, morality, discipline, proper conduct Kṣānti(kshanti)paramita(忍辱波羅蜜):patience,tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance Vīrya paramita(精進波羅蜜) : energy, diligence, vigour, effort Dhyāna paramita(禪定波羅蜜) : one-pointed concentration, contemplation Prajñā paramita(智慧波羅蜜) : wisdom, insight

17. Would you explain 'Samsara' for some foreigners or young people who are non-Buddhists, in Buddhist's view ? Ans)

18. In many temples, they have four instruments to hit. Please write down them and explain the reasons to hit. Ans) Big bell –Beings in hell / Drum – in a land / Wooden fish – in water / Cloud gong – in air

19. There are many misconceptions to the Buddhism, such as Buddhism is pessimistic or a monastic and impractical religion for monks. what do you think about this? Ans)

20. He is a monk in Shilla Dynasty. He returned his fatherland after his studies from Chinese Monk named Su-Dang(西堂智藏). He became a famous monk for spreading Zen Buddhism in his times. So he is highly respected as a founder of Korean Jogye Order. Who is he? Ans) Doui (道義)

21. A Korean monk well-known for his impact in China became a major disciple of the eminent Chinese Consciousness-only master and translator Xuanzang (玄奘; 596-664). His commentary on the Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra(解深密經) had a strong influence in Tibetan Buddhism as well. Who is he? Ans) Weonchuk (圓測)

22. Usually in a main Buddha Hall, Sakamuni Buddha statue is enshrined in a center and supported by the Bodhisattvas, Samantabadhra to his left and Manjusri to his right. What does each Bodhisattva symbolize? Ans) Samantabadhra(普賢菩薩) - power(universal practice or action), Manjusri(文殊菩薩) - wisdom

23. Please explain the main Hall of Haein-sa. Ans) It is Daejurkkwangjeon(大寂光殿), which is enshrined Vairocana Buddha.

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PLEASE FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH PROPER WORDS ( 1～4 points/each question)

1. Mental energy is the force behind right effort; it can occur in either wholesome or unwholesome states. The same type of energy that fuels desire, envy, aggression, and violence can on the other side fuel self-discipline, honesty, benevolence, and kindness. Right effort is detailed in four types of endeavors that rank in ascending order of perfection: (4) ⑴ to prevent the arising of unraised (unwholesome) states, ⑵ to abandon (unwholesome) states that have already arisen, ⑶ to arouse (wholesome) states that have not yet arisen, and ⑷ to maintain and perfect (wholesome) states already arisen.

2. Right mindfulness is the controlled and perfected faculty of cognition. It is the mental ability to see things as they are, with clear consciousness. Right mindfulness enables us to be aware of the process of conceptualization in a way that we actively observe and control the way our thoughts go. Buddha accounted for this as the four foundations of mindfulness: (4) ⑴ contemplation of the (body ), ⑵ contemplation of (feeling ) ⑶ contemplation of the state of (mind ), and ⑷ contemplation of the (phenomena).

3. The Exalted Buddha has said: "Whoever sees Dependent Arising, he sees ( ); Whoever sees ( ), he sees Dependent Arising." (2) A; (Dhamma) or (Dharma)

4. Dependent on Vinnana(consciousness) there arises ( ), and dependent on ( ) there arises Upadana (grasping, clinging or attachment). (2) A; (Nama Rupa or Mind and matter), (Tanha or Craving) 5. After attaining enlightenment, the Buddha went to ( Sarnath ); and it was here that he preached his first discourse there to set in motion the ( 'Wheel of the Dharma'. ) (2)

6. In 249 BC, when the Emperor Ashoka visited ( Lumbini ). it was a flourishing village. Ashoka constructed four stupas and a stone pillar with a figure of a horse on top. It remained neglected for centuries. In 1895, Feuhrer, a famous German archaeologist, discovered the great pillar while wandering about the foothills of the Churia range. (1)

7. Ashoka sent missionaries all over India and beyond. Some went as far as Egypt, Palestine, and Greece. St. Origen even mentions them as having reached Britain. The Greeks of one of the Alexandrian kingdoms of northern India adopted Buddhism, after their King (Menandros or Milinda) was convinced by a monk named ( Nagasena )- the conversation immortalized in the Milinda Pañha. (2)

8. The second philosophical innovation, Yogachara, is credited to two brothers, Asanga and Vasubandhu, who lived in India in the 300's CE. They elaborated earlier movements in the direction of the philosophy of idealism or chitta-matra. Chitta- matra means literally ( mind only ). (1)

9. An Indian monk by the name of ( Nagarjuna ) took an idea and expanded on it to create the philosophy that would be known as Madhyamaka, in a book called the Mulamadhyamaka-karika, written about 150 CE. Basically a treatise on logical argument, it concludes that nothing is absolute, everything is relative, nothing exists on its own, everything is interdependent. (1)

10. The ( stupa ) symbolizes the Buddha and His teachings since it enshrines the sarira of the Buddha. In early days, before the Images of Buddha had been enshrined in temple halls. Traditionally, it was built in the central area of temples.

PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF ENGLISH. (2～4 points / each question)

11. What refers to underlined ‘it’? (2) It begins with the intuitive insight that all beings are subject to suffering and it ends with complete understanding of the true nature of all things. Since our view of the world forms our thoughts and our actions. right view

12. Who is He in the following sentence? (2) He was a German philosopher best known for his work "The World as Will and Representation". His metaphysical theory is the foundation of his influential writings on psychology, aesthetics, ethics, and politics which influenced Friedrich Nietzsche, Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Sigmund Freud and others. His idea of the role of desire resembled that of Vedanta Hinduism and Buddhism, and he drew attention to these similarities. ( Schopenhauer )

13. Please explain the underlined 'Kuknakjon(極樂殿)' . (4) Climbing Yonhwagyo(蓮花橋) and Ch'ilbogyo(七寶橋) (if one could) leads to Anyangmun(安養門), the second gate at the front of Bulguksa, which is both smaller and less ornate than Chahamun(紫霞門). Passing through Anyangmun leads one to the separate courtyard housing the Kuknakjon(極樂殿). It enshrines an image of Amit'a (Amitabha) Buddha who is the Buddha of Western Paradise(Pureland)

14. The noble eightfold path is divided into three parts. They are Wisdom(panna), Ethical Conduct(sila), Mental Development(samadhi). Please list them in each part. (3) ⑴ Wisdom: Right View, Intention ⑵ Ethical Conduct: Right Speech, Action, Livelihood ⑶ Mental Development: Right Effort, Mindfulness, Concentration

15. What is Tripitaka ( Tipitaka ) ? (3) It means three baskets for Buddhist Canon of scriptures, which are classified in three baskets, such as Vinaya, Sutra (Sutta), Abhidharma (abhidhamma)

16. Please list two causes and two effects in the four noble truth.(4) Two causes; There is the origin of suffering, which is attachment to desire. (Samudaya) There is the Eightfold Path, (the atthangika magga) Two effects; There is suffering, (dukkha). There is the cessation of suffering, of dukkha. (Nirodha)

17. What does "Dalai Lama" mean in the following sentence? (2) The lineage of Tibetan Buddhism continues down to the present 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, born 1935. In 1989, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts on behalf of his people and nation, which had been taken over by the Communist Chinese in 1951. "It means a guru as great as the ocean."

18. What is the Buddhists' view of Saṃsāra ? (3) Saṃsāra, the Sanskrit and Pāli term for "continuous movement" or "continuous flowing" refers in Buddhism to the concept of a cycle of birth (jāti) and consequent decay and death (jarāmaraṇa), in which all beings in the universe participate and which can only be escaped through enlightenment. Saṃsāra is associated with suffering and is generally considered the antithesis of nirvāṇa or nibbāna.

19. Please explain "whether the law of Karma (Kamma) is a kind of fatalism or not". (3) Karma means action, means "to do". Immediately we have an indication that the real meaning of karma is not fate because karma is action. It is dynamic. But it is more than simply action because it is not mechanical action. It is not unconscious or involuntary action. It is intentional, conscious, deliberate, willful action.

20. Please list the four Sublime States(四無量心) (4) metta(loving kindness), karuna(compassion), mudita(sympathetic joy), upekkha(equanimity)

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PLEASE FILL IN THE BLANKS. ( 2 points / each question)

1. (" ") was the only son of Siddhartha Gautama and Princess Yasodharā. It means “fetter”. Siddhartha Gautama recognized that the child could be a tie that bound him to his wife Yashodhara and the comforts of the life of a householder. 답 Rāhula

2. The Buddha proceeded to a place called Pava where he and His disciples were invited to dinner by a lowly blacksmith, ( ). After the meal, however, the Buddha, who was already in a weakened condition, became seriously ill. 답 Chunda

3. The Third Buddhist Council was held with the support of Mauryan king, ( ) at Pataliputra in India some 100 years after the second council. 답 Ashoka

4. He was one of the important new additions to the early Sangha with Moggallana and became one of the Buddha's chief disciples. He had formally been a disciple of another spiritual teacher, Sanjaya (the leader of the Sceptics), but had not gained complete understanding through his teachings. On hearing the Buddha's Dharma on "Dependant Origination," he made up his mind to become a member of the Sangha. Who is he? 답 Sariputta

5. ( ) Buddha has this mudra, it shows the left index finger being grasped by the right hand, and the right thumb touching the tip of the left index finger. 답 Virocana

6. ( ) is the guiding sutra of Jogye Order 답 Diamond Sutra

7. ( ) was the Buddhist monk traditionally credited as the transmitter of Chán to China, dating his arrival to the Liáng(梁) Dynasty, active in the lands of the Northern Wèi Dynasty. 답 Bodhidharma

8. ( ) is the bodhisattva of perfect compassion. The name means Hearer of Cries. She is often pictured with her head slightly tilted as if listening to the pleas of the suffering. She also assumes a thousand-eyed and thousand-armed form. Each hand bears an eye so that the bodhisattva can see how to help those in distress. 답 Avalokitesvara

9. ( ) is enshrined in the main hall(無量壽殿) of Buseoksa(浮石寺). 답 Amitabha Buddha

10. ( ) stayed at Geojosa Temple and founded a retreat community called “The Retreat Community of Samadhi and Prajna.” After some time he moved to Sangmujuam Hermitage, and continued with the retreat community for three years. When he read on The Record of Dahui, he attained complete enlightenment. 답 Bojo Chinul(Jinul)

PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS SHORTLY IN ENGLISH. (4 points / each question)

11. What was the last preaching of Buddha? 답 He declared to His disciples: "All elements of personality are subject to decay. Strive on untiringly!"

12. Siddartha was born from Queen Maya's right side. What does it mean ? 답 It means that His caste was Ksatriya

13. Please write in order, the four holy sites of the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, first sermon and passing away. 답 Lumbini, Buddhagaya, Sarnath, Kusinara

14. When we visit a Korean Temple, we usually pass three gates to the main Buddha Hall. Please write these three Gates. 답 One-pillar Gate, Guardian Gate, Non-duality(Liberation) Gate.

15. Write the temples of Three Jewels in Korea. 답 1) Tongdo-sa 2) Haein-sa 3) Song Gwang-sa

16. According to the Buddha's teaching, what is the origin of suffering? 답 Attachment (to transient things) and Craving(Ignorance)

17. Write the Great Four Vows in order. 답 I vow to save all beings I vow to end all sufferings I vow to learn all Dharma teachings I vow to attain Enlightenment

18. What is the Five Skandhas(Aggregates)? 답 Form, feeling, perception, volition(impulses, mental formation), consciousness

19. What are the Five Precepts for lay-Buddhists? 답 They are no killing, no stealing, no sexual misconduct, no lying, no intoxicant.

20. What are Six Paramitas? 답 Generosity, precepts, endurance, effort, concentration, wisdom

TRANSLATION (5 points)

21. Translate into English. “一切唯心造(일체유심조)” 답 Everything is orginally of mind only. ('Everything depends on the mind.' or 'All things are created by the mind.')

22. Translate into Korean. Karma is what you do and what you reap as a result. If you stand tall and straight in the sunshine, then your shadow will be tall and straight. If you slouch, then your shadow slouch. If you create noble karma, then you will have a noble life but if you create twisted karma, you'll lead a twisted life. 답 : 업이란 자기가 행한 대로 결과를 거두게 됨을 말한다. 햇볕아래 똑바로 곧게 서있으면 그림자도 똑바르고 곧으며, 구부리면 그림자도 구부려진다. 고귀한 업을 지으면 고귀한 삶을 살게 되지만 뒤틀인 업을 지으면 뒤틀인 삶을 살게 될 것이 다.

23. Translate into Korean. Though one may live a hundred years with no true insight and self-control, yet better, indeed, is a life of one day for a man who meditates in wisdom. 답 - 올바른 통찰력과 자기 조절 능력없이 100년을 사는 것보다는 지혜를 가지고 삼매에 들어 단 하루를 사는 것이 더 낫다.

PLEASE DESCRIBE YOUR IDEA IN ENGLISH SHORTLY (5 points for the rational and logical answer with proof/ each question )

24. Please explain why Buddhism is not a nihilism.

25. Someone said "Impermanence is good news for us." What do you think about this?

26. Please explain "Anatta (Impersonality)" with an example.

27. In The Noble Eightfold Path, what is the most important path, and why do you think so ?

28. What is the definition of "Dependent Origination’? And explain it with an example in your daily life.

Thanks for your application!!

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Multiple Choice Questions (Each 1 point)

1. Of the Three Baskets, which came first? 2 1) Scriptures 2) Discipline 3) Commentary

2. Which does not apply to the 10-14 questions that the Buddha did not answer? 4 1) the world as finite or infinite 2) the existence of the Tathagata after passing 3) the relationship of the body and the spirit 4) the unity of the atman and the brahman

3. What idea does this paragraph deal with? 2 1) Right Understanding 2) Right Livelihood 3) Right Effort 4) Right Concentration 4. In Vimila-kirtinirdesa sutra, Manjusri discussed with lay people what is the bodhisattva's entrance into non-duality." How did bodhisattva's layman Vimalakirti respond? 2 1) metaphor 2) silence 3) admiration 4) description

5. What was the year when 10.27 dharma disturbance occurred, the persecution of Buddhism by the administration that came to power by General Gun’s coup d’etat? 1 1) 1980 2) 1981 3) 1982 4) 1983 5) 1984

6. What is the year when Bureau of Education and Bureau of Missionary Activities of the Joyke Order of Korean Buddhism spun off of Administrative Headquarters and became independent Bureaus? 4 1) 1991 2) 1992 3) 1993 4) 1994 5) 1995

7. Which one of the temples listed below is not one of 5 Full Monastic Training Temples of the Joyge Order of Korean Buddhism? 5 1) Tongdo Temple 2) Haein Temple 3) Songkwang Temple 4) Baekyang Sa 5) Waljung Temple

8. 小本 Heart Sutra has distinctive features when viewed in comparison to 大本 Heart Sutra. Considering these features as well as the existence of “Prajna

It means earning one's living in a way that is not harmful to others. In the choice of one's occupation, one should show respect for the life and welfare of all living beings. Paramita Hrydaya Sutra” by Rankei Toryu Zen Masker of Japan, how is the text of 小本 Heart Sutra classified? 3 1) Scriptures 2) Mantra 3) Mode (의궤) 4) Commentary 9. The major factor leading to the development of Guardian paintings in Korean temples during the Yi Dyansty was: 3 1) The import of inexpensive painting materials 2) The Hideoshi invasions in the 1590s 3) The government policies of Buddhist repression 4) A rapid increase in the number of monk-artists

10. When was the first image of the Buddha in human form created? 3 1) during the life time of the Buddha 2) the King Asoka period 3) the first century C.E. 4) the third century C.E.

Short Answer Questions Please write all answers in English (each 2 points)

11. Write the poetry that the Sakyamuni Buddha gave when he was born. => 천상천하 유아독존 삼계개고 야당안지 12. Write, in order, the components of the Noble Eightfold Path .

13. List at least three major differences between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism.

14. Specify 七佛通偈, the common lessons of the sapta Buddhas from Vipaśyin to Shkyamuni, as well illustrated by the story of Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi (白居易) and Monk Dorim (道林). => 제악막작 중선봉행 자정기의 시제불교 15. Fill in the blanks.

He who sees sees the Dharma, and he who sees the Dharma sees . And one who understands can see the Buddha.

16. The Middle Path is not to go to extremes in practice. In the First Discourse on the Turning of the Wheel of the Dharma, the Buddha taught about his experience of these two extremes. What are they? Please explain.

17. The introduction of all Buddhist Scriptures includes this part which confirms the teaching was actually delivered by the Buddha, and specifies where and when it was delivered and who was the audience. Describe what this part is called. => 육성취 18. Discuss the iconography, meaning, and function of the yongsan huisang-do (Vulture Peak Assembly image).

19. ‘Temple that keeps Sakyamuni Buddha’s reliquary’ is where the original relics of the Sakyamuni Buddha is kept. Please describe the 5 religiously most important. ‘Temple that keeps Sakyamuni Buddha’s reliquary’ of Korea founded by Reverend Ja Jang during the Shinla Dynasty. 20. Fill in the blanks. Buddhist murals of certain themes painted on the main walls of Dharma Hall (walls behind or left or right side of the Buddha’s image) are called ( ), while decorative patterns painted on the wooden part of the building are called ( ).

21. Which sutra best represents the Jogye Order's teachings?

22. What are the three core teachings of the Jogye Order?

23. Who is the founder of the Jogye Order and who is the monk responsible for a major revival of the order?

24. Please specify the exact period of the Summer and Winter Meditation Retreat.

25. Who is the current President of the Joyge Order of Korean Buddhism and how many presidents there were preceding the current one?

26. Buddhist art work, like all religious art work, serves many purposes. Name at least five: Santify Protect Inspire Console Educate 27. The Buddha's presence in early Buddhist art was depicted by symbols such as a wheel, a bodhi tree, and a stupa. What does the following symbol represent in the life of the Buddha? The wheel represents __teaching of the Buddha_.

28. The Middle Path is not to go to extremes in practice. In the First Discourse on the Turning of the Wheel of the Dharma, the Buddha taught about his experience of these two extremes. What are they? Please explain. 고행주의, 쾌락주의

29. Please state the name of the biggest order of Japanese Buddhism, and describe three ways of propagation the above describe order used in Korea during the Japanese colonization period. =>. 정토진종 (홍완지파를 덧붙여도 됩니다.) 포교방법; 빈민구제, 언어교육, 문화 교류(유학생 교류, 승려교류 등), 출판

30. Please list the four biggest schools of Tibetan Buddhism and respective head of each school. =>(1) 닝마파, 파드마삼바바 (2) 사캬파, 샤카판디타 (3) 까귀파, 마르파, 밀라래파 (4) 겔룩파, 쫑카파, 달라이라마

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[MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS] (each 3 points)

1. Which of the following is NOT correct about "Eight Scenes from the Life of the Buddha"? (Circle the correct answer)

1) Announcement of the Imminent Birth - Shakyamuni Buddha is descending from heaven riding an elephant under the escort of heavenly beings. 2) The Birth - The baby being born in Lumbini Park with beautiful flowers blooming and mystical birds singing. 3) Four Scenes of Human Existence - Prince Siddhartha saw an old person, sick person, funeral and ascetic. and then he left the palace. 4) Asceticism - For six years he studied and meditated to find the truth.

2. He was one of the important new additions to the early Sangha with Moggallana and became one of the Buddha's chief disciples. He had formally been a disciple of another spiritual teacher, Sanjaya (the leader of the Sceptics), but had not gained complete understanding through his teachings. On hearing the Buddha's Dharma on "Dependant Origination," he made up his mind to become a member of the Sangha. Who is he? (Circle the correct answer)

1) Kashapa 2) Sariputta 3) Upali 4) Ananda

3. Which of the following correctly matches the places of the Buddha's Birth, Enlightenment, First Sermon, and Passing Away?

1) Lumbini - Buddhagaya - Sarnath - Kusinara 2) Lumbini - Sarnath - Buddhagaya - Kusinara 3) Lumbini - Nalanda - Vesali - Kusinara 4) Lumbini - Vesali - Nalanda - Kusinara

4. Fill in the blank: The Precepts (Vinaya), according to the Eightfold Path, include ( ).

1) Right View and Right Thought 2) Right Thought and Right Effort 3) Right Effort and Right Livelihood 4) Right Livelihood and Right Concentration

5. He was born in early 12th century, and he was given the Buddhist name ( ). Later he was referred to as Moguja (The Ox Herder). He was the first Korean Buddhist to teach Koan meditation. His practice was based on using scripture instructions to perfect formal Seon practice. Who is he?

1) Won-hyo 2) Ji-nul 3) Ui-chon 4) Do-ui

6. Which of these was one of the most important results of the Buddhist Council held under the patronage of the emperor Asoka? (Circle the correct answer)

1) More monasteries and pagoda were constructed throughout India. 2) All the Buddhist monks were gathered together for the first time. 3) Buddhist missionaries were sent out all over the ancient world. 4) The Buddhist Scriptures were written down for the first time.

7. Fill in the blank: ( ) is the bodhisattva of perfect compassion. The name means Hearer of Cries. She is often pictured with her head slightly tilted as if listening to the pleas of the suffering. She also assumes a thousand-eyed and thousand-armed form. Each hand bears an eye so that the bodhisattva can see how to help those in distress.

1) Avalokitesvara 2) Ksitigarbha 3) Samantabhadra 4) Manjushri

8. What does Sangha mean? (Circle the correct answer)

1) Community for ascetic practice 2) Community to repel non-Buddhists 3) Community for praying 4) Community for harmony

9. Which of the following does NOT refer to Mahayana Buddhism?

1) Around the dawn of the common era, this school arose. 2) The philosophy they taught underlined the transcendental aspects of the Buddha's teaching. 3) They emphasized the ideal of the bodhisattva. 4) This school penetrated into China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, and Thailand through the Silk Road.

10. Read the story and choose the right person in parenthesis.

1) Bodhidharma 2) Hui-neng 3) Hung-jen 4)Tao-hsin

( ) suffered from extreme poverty and sold firewood. One of his customers was reciting the Diamond Stura. Upon hearing it his eyes were opened at once and he set out for East Mountain to find the Fifth Patriarch.

Originally there is no tree of enlightenment Nor is there a stand with a clear mirror From the beginning not one thing exists; Where, then, is a grain of dust to cling?

[SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS]

Please write all answers in English. (each 4 points)

1. This word in the Pali language of ancient India refers to the meetings of the early Buddhist order that were held every 15 days by the monks, including Shakyamuni and the elders. At the meetings, the precepts were recited before the gathered monks and if any had been violated, those who had done so voluntarily acknowledged their wrongdoing. What is this?

2. What are the six offerings (六法供養) to the Buddha?

3. Write down The Six Perfections (6 Paramitas) and explain them briefly.

4. There are five major monasteries (叢林) in the Jogye Order. What do we call these monasteries?

5. Write what you know about the fundamental Sutra of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.

6. Who are the Supreme Patriarch and President of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism?

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Please write all answers in English.

3. During this time, there were many Buddhist books written in Korean. These included Kangkyungdogam, Wolinsukbo, Lotus sutra, Suramgama- sutra and Diamond sutra. During this time means ______.

4. He is the author of Dongda-song which is a book about the origin, planting and growing method of Korean green tea. Another of his books is T'a shin-Jun. This monk is ______.

5.The 'Buddhist Reform Society' movement existed from 1947 until 1949. It was organised by Masters Sung-ch'ol, Haeng-gok and Chung-dam who were famous at that time. In addition there were twenty monks in ______-sa. This is the meditation temple of Korea's Chogye-order founder.

6.Based on Christian philosophy, some of the Korean ministers and lay Christians started a new movement around 1970. This movement included Rights for Labourers, Rights for Farmers, Human Rights and it participated in social activities. This movement was called ______(2 points)

7. We consider there to be two remarkable things about Korean Buddhism. What are these two? (2 points)

8. Buddhist art became a big fashion in India. Which kind of art was made first? (2 points)

9. In one kind of Dharma Hall Amita Buddha is enshrined as in Busuk-sa, in Yong-ju. This hall is called ______.(2 points)

10. Briefly write about the shape of two typical Korean Stupas. (2 points)

11. It is one of the mudras which describes the Buddha's enlightenment moment. The left hand is in the position of samadhi, the right hand is placed on the right knee. This mudra is called ______. (2 points)

12. The Bodhisattva is very beautiful and active. It is present everywhere in order to save all sentient beings. Normally he/she is found together with the Bodhisattva of wisdom. What is this Bodhisattva's name? ______

14. The structure of a pagoda is divided in three, Bokbal-t'ap, Mok-t'ap, and Suk-t'ap. In the case of several storied pagodas, the parts have slightly different names. But basically there are three parts to all pagodas. What are these three parts? ______

15. It is one of the ways of practicing. Chanting and reciting a Bodhisattva's name to praise his/her wisdom and virtues. What is the practice? ______. (2 points)

16. A Tatagata is considered to have ten qualities. These include kindness, great compassion, and the ability to communicate with all sentient beings. He leads sentient beings the right way. What is this last quality called in the text? ______.(2 points)

17. Fill in the blanks He who sees ______sees the Dharma, and he who sees the Dharma sees ______. And one who understands______, can see the Buddha.

18. The Middle Path is not to go to extremes in practice. In the First Discourse on the Turning of the Wheel of the Dharma, the Buddha taught about his experience of these two extremes. What are they? Please explain.

19. The Five Aggregates are the explanation of the body and mind of all sentient beings. What are the Five Aggregates?

20. When we analyse Buddhist music, we find there are three groups. What are they?

Please write full sentences and keep them brief

21. What is the main idea of the Korean Chogye order?

2) He contributed greatly to re-establish the Ch'on-tae Order and he built 'Kyojangdokam' in Heungwang-sa. He also collected old books which he distributed all over the country as well as overseas and he published them in Sokjangkyung. Who is this monk?

23. Please write a few lines about The Noble Eightfold Path

24. Please write down the dates for the beginning and ending of the summer and winter retreats.

25. Before starting morning and evening Yebul, each temples sounds four instruments. What are these four? How do they relate to animals.

Briefly describe the following (5 points each)

1. Describe the whole procedure to become a Chogye order Sunim .

2. Normally the Buddha statue can be explained in three parts. What are they?

3. In Korean Buddhism, there are several kinds of practice. What are they? Describe them.

4. Write down The Four Noble Truths and explain them.

5. Describe Balwookongyang's main concept and it's whole procedure.

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1. 부처님 기초문제로서 아래 문제에 대해 저는 쿠쉬나가르 는 아무리 외어도 안 외어져서 답을 쓰지 못했습니다. 태어나신 곳 : 룸비니 Lumbini 득도하신 곳 : 부다가야 Buddha-Gaya 최초 설법지 : 사르나트 Saranath 열반지 : 쿠쉬나가르 Kushinagara 2. 부처님에 대한 10가지 존칭 10가지 중 5가지를 쓰시오 인데 한글로 10가지는 썼지만 영어로 쓰지를 못했습 니다. 1. 여래 --- 열반의 피안으로 간 이, 진리에 도달한 이 2. 응공 --- 모든 사람으로부터 공양을 받을만한 이 3. 정변지 --- 일체의 법을 바르게 아는 이 4. 명행족 --- 계.정.혜를 두루 통달한 이 5. 선서 --- 잘 갔으므로 생사고해로 돌아오지 않을 이 6. 세간해 --- 이 세간의 모든 것을 다 아는 이 7. 무상사 --- 위가 더 없을 만큼 최고의 대장부 8. 조어장부 --- 다른 사람들을 잘 조복시켜 바른 길로 인도하는 이 9. 천인사 --- 천계와 인간계의 스승 10. 불세존 --- 진리를 깨달아 세상 사람들의 존경을 받는 이 * 삼보사찰(三寶寺刹) the three jewel monasteries. 1) The Buddha jewel monastery: Tongdosa. 2) The Dharma jewel monastery: Haeinsa. 3) The Sangha jewel monastery: Songgwangsa.

필기 시험 에 대해 말씀드리면 일단 세가지의 특징이 있습니다. 1. 모든 문제는 영어로 된 객관식이 없는 주관식입니다. 2. 해답은 영어로 작성해야 하므로 한글은 알지만 영어 단어로는 모르는 경우가 많습니다. 3. 영어 문제지가 세장. 영어 답안지가 세장으로서 1시간에 풀어야 하므로 가능한 빨리 답을 써야 합니다.

저는 첫장의 첫 문제는 부처님 열반후 열린 제1차 결집이 이루어진 장소는 어디인가? 라는 문제인데 제 가 몰라서 쓰지를 못했습니다. 제경우 첫장은 모르는 답이 너무 많아서 마지막 장부터 작성을 시작해서 처음으 로 돌아와 답을 기록했습니다. 하지만 나올 만한 문제가 정해져 있어서 조금만 준비하시면 모두가 답을 기록할 수 있습니다. 생각나는 나온 문제로는 1) The Three Refuges I take a refuse in the Buddha. I take a refuse in the Dharma. I take a refuse in the Sangha. 2) Three Marks of Existences 1. Impermanence 2. Impersonality ; No-self 3. Un-satisfactoriness ; Suffering 3) Noble Eight-fold Path 1. Right View 2. Right Intention 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Concentration 나무 관세음 보살 ...()()()... * 한글로 답 쓰는 문제 중, 불상에 절을 하는 이유에 대해 묻는 글이 있었습니다. 영어 시험이 끝나고 한글과 영어 인터뷰가 있었습니다. 한글인터뷰는 조계사 부장 스님외 4분이 자리에 계시고, 인터뷰를 하게 되었습니다. 간단한 자기 소개와 함께, 국제 포교사 지원하게 된 동기와 향후 하고 싶은 일들을 자유롭게 질의 문답하는 시간이었습니다. * 영어 필기시험 성적이 좋지 못해도 인터뷰만 잘하면 입학이 가능하다고 합니다. 영어 인터뷰는 브라이언 베리님외 두분께서 영어로 하게 되었습니다. 개인적인 사항을 질문해서 정해진 답은 없습니다만, 제 경우 불명과 수행일과 등 등에 대한 질문이 있었습니다. 하지만 PURE WATER 에 대해 개인적으로 물었으나 잘 이해가 되지 않아 답변을 하지 못했습니다. 결론적으로 볼 때, 1차 불교영어공부를 충실히 하고, 2차 인터뷰 준비를 잘하면 누구나 100% 입학이 가능합니다. 불기 2548년 국제포교사 양성과정 종합시험

1. Which of the following is correctly matching the places of the Buddha's Birth, Enlightenment, First Sermon, and Passing Away? 1

1) Lumbini - Buddha Gaya - Sarnath - Kusinara 2) Lumbini - Sarnath - Buddha Gaya - Kusinara 3) Lumbini - Nalanda - Vesali - Kusinara 4) Lumbini - Vesali - Nalanda - Kusinara 부처님의 출생, 성도, 초전법륜, 열반지는: 룸비니, 부다가야, 사라나트(녹야원 또 는 베나레스, 바라나시), 쿠시나가라 (위에 스펠링 잘못됬슴 kusinagara). (응용문제) 불교5대명절 부처님오신날: 4. 8 출가일 2.8 성도일 12. 8 (부처님 35세) 열반일 12. 15 (부처님 80세) 우란분재일 7. 15

2. Which of the following is correct about 'the Arms Round' in the Buddha's period? 1 1) He arms-bowled seven houses from the first-sight house. 2) He didn't arms-bowl by himself. 3) He didn't arms-bowl at poor houses. 4) He didn't go to the houses of the rich because he hated them. 부처님 당시 탁발에 관한 것은? 부처님께서 직접 발우를 들고 가난한집과 부자집을 상관하지 않고 차례로 7집을 돌며 탁발을 받을때는 보시하는 사람의 얼굴이나 음식을 보지 않는다. 부처님께 서 탁발을 하신 이유는 중생들에게 부처님께 보시하는 공덕을 심어주기 위해서 이다.

3. Which of the characters are correct? 2 1) 正業 - Right Livelihood 2) 정念 - Right Mindfulness 3) 정定 - Right Effort 4) 정命 - Right Action 맞게 연결된 것은? 정업: right action, 정정: right concentration, 정명:right livelihood

4. Which of the following is NOT true about Dependent Origination? 3 1) There are two ways, in order and in reverse order, to view dependent origination 2) This idea was from an ancient Indian philosophy. 3) In reverse order is inherited dependent origination. 4) Through the complete cessation of ignorance, death ceases. 연기법에 대해 사실이 아닌 것은? 12연기에는 순관과 역관이 있다. 순관은 우리가 흔히 아는 무명-행-식,명색,육입, 촉, 수,애,취, 유,생,노사. 이런 순서로서 유전연기라고 하며 중생이 윤회하는 과정 을 설명한다. 반대로 노사에서 시작하여 무명으로 올라는 가는 것을 환멸연기 라 고하며 최초의 한 생각인 무명을 끊으면 미혹의 세계를 윤회하지 않고 고통에서 벗어나 해탈의 경지에 이르게된다. 따라서 위의 문제는 연기는 부처님의 근본가르침이기 때문에 2번은 틀렸습니다만 고대 인도사상 중에 연기와 관련된 것이 있으므로 2번도 맞다고 할수 있습니다. 3 번의 경우도 역순으로 올라가는 것을 유전연기라고 했는데 사실은 환멸연기이므 로 설명이 틀렸습니다. 따라서 환멸연기는 이것이 없으므로 저것이 없는 것으로 마지막으로 무명을 없애 는 것입니다. 5. Which of the following is far from what the Buddha taught? 4 1) Cause and Effect 2) Dependent Arising 3) Interdependence 4) Accumulation 부처님의 가르침과 거리가 먼것은? 1. 인과, 2. 연기, 3. 상호의존(연기과 같은 말) 4. 축적(적취설: 여러 가지 구성요소 가 결합하여 인간과 세상이 성립한다는 주장으로 유물론적이며 인과응보의 이치 를 부정하는 경향을 띠고 있다.) 이밖에 불교의 세계관은 오온설, 십이처, 십팔계,삼생사계설, 제법개공설,유심설, 업설,윤회설 등이 있다.

6. What does Sangha mean? 1 1) Community for harmony 2) Community for repel non-Buddhists 3) Community for praying 4) Community for ascetic practice 승가의 의미는? 초기불교 수행자의 공동체에서 출발. 초기에는 돌아다니며 수행 하는 유행자들이 안거를 통해 정착하게되면서 승가가 성립되어 관습이 됨. 승가 는 비구,비구니,우바새,우바이의 4부대중의 모임으로 불교 교단을 형성함. 최초의 우바새는 야사의 아버지 구리가 장자, 최초의 우바이는 야사의 어머니, 최초의 비 구니는 부처님의 양모 마하파자파티고타미.

7. Which of the following is NOT true about the First Council? 3 1) It was held soon after the Buddha's Parinirvana. 2) 500 senior monks met together at Rajagaha. 3) Ananda recited the Sutra and Vinaya. 4) Mahakashyapa was the leader of it to recollect the word of the Buddha. 최초의 결집에 관한 것으로 3번이 틀렸슴. 최초의 결집은 붓다가 열반에 든 바로 그해, 라자가하의 칠옆굴에서 500명의 비 구가 모여 마하가섭(mahakashapa)가 사회자가 되고 우팔 리가 율(vinaya)을 아난 다가 법을 암송하였다. 열반경에 의하면 제1차 결집이 있기 1주일전까지도 부처 님의 비서이면서 가장 많은 경전을 암송한 아난다가 아라한과를 얻지 못해 결집 에 참여할수 없었다. 그러자 가섭은 아난다를 꾸짖었고 아난다는 낭떠러지에서 발끝으로 서서 일주일간 잠을 자지 않는 정진 끝에 결국 결집 바로 전날 밤 아라 한과를 얻어서 결집에 참여했다고 한다. 그래서 모든 경전의 시작은 ‘여시아문’ 내가 이렇게 들었다 라고 시작하며 부처님의 말씀을 한치의 오차도 없이 경전에 옮겼고 또한 그 뜻을 자성에서 이해하였다는 것을 의미함. 단순히 내 귀로 들었 다는 뜻이 아님.

8. Which of the following is NOT referring to the Mahayana Buddhism? 4 1) Around the dawn of the common era, this school arose. 2) The philosophy they taught underlined the transcendental aspects of the Buddha's teaching. 3) They emphasized the ideal of the Bodhisattva. 4) This school penetrated into China, Japan,Korea, Myanmar, and Tailand through the Silk Road. 대승불교에 관한 것이 아닌것은? 인도에 통일왕조가 들어서고 불교가 전국으로 확산되어 사원이 안정되면서 불교교리에 대한 치밀하고도 복잡한 연구가 시작되 었다. 그러자 부파불교가 생겨나고 새로운 보살의 개념이 대두되면서 공사상을 강조하여 나타난다.이때 불교는 너무 교학중심이 되어 대중적 기반을 상실하고 흰두교에의해 쇠퇴하게 된다.그리하여 실크로드를 따라 아시아로 전파된다. 반면에 동남에서는 소승불교 또는 상좌부(theravata) 불교가 전파된다.

9. In the early period of Chinese Buddhism, translating Buddhist texts was difficult as exact equivalents were not easily available and so Taoist words were used. This led to the people relating Buddhism to Taoism at first. What is it called? 2 1) The particular teaching of a sect 2) Matching the meaning 3) Praying the fortune 4) Pointing directly to mind. 초기에 중국에 전래된 불교는 불경을 번역하는 일이 급선무였으나 적당한 단어가 없었기 때문에 도교의 단어를 사용하였다. 이를테면 공사상을 노장사상의 ‘무’와 상통하여 폭넓게 자리잡아간다. 이때의 불교를 의미를 맞추고 번역과 주석에 전 념하는 ‘격의불교’라고 한다. 서진 말부터 동진시대에 크게 유행하였다. 그러다보 니 노자가 인도로 돌아가 부처가 되었다는 ‘노자화호경’이 생겨나기도 하였다.

10. What is NOT the name of the hall for the Amitabha Buddha? 4 1) Kungnak-chon 2) Mita-chon 3) Muryangsu-chon 4) Taechokkwang-chon 아미타부처님을 모신 전각은: 미타전,무량수전,극락전 대적광전은 비로자나불을 모신곳

11. Which of the following is NOT correct between the name and the day? 1 1) Bhaisagya약사여래 - 23rd of each lunar month 2) Ksitigarbha지장보살 - 18th of each lunar month 3) Avalokitesvara관세음보살 - 24th of each lunar month 4) Sakyamuni석가모니불 - 30th of each lunar month 십재일 1일 정광불, 8일 약사불, 14일 보현보살, 15일 아미타불, 18일 지장보살, 23 일 대세지보살(mahasthamaprapta, bodhisattva of great power), 24일 관세음보살, 28일 비로자타불, 29일 약왕보살, 30일 석가모니불

12. This is one of the types of temple paintings. A depiction of the historical Buddha delivering the Lotus Sutra is the most common. Main characters are the Buddha Sakyamuni, numourous Bodhisattvas, and Guardians of the Four Directions. What is it? 3 1) Sweet Dew Painting 2) Funeral/Memorial Painting 3) Main Platform Painting 4) Guardian Painting 사찰의 회화양식으로 부처님이 법화경을 설하시던 모습니다. 주된 인물은 석가모 니부처, 많은 보살, 그리고 사천왕이 있다. 이것은? 후불탱화인 영산회상도를 말 한다.

13. Which of the following is not true about 'Pogyo(propagation)'? 2 1) In 'Pogyo', Po(布) was one of the currencies in the past , so 'Pogyo' means spreading the Dharma to save all beings as the money was used by everyone. 2) 'Pogyo' is only to do the Dharma-talk by words directly. 3) In 'Pogyo' Po(布) is the practical aspect and Gyo(敎) is the theoretical aspect. 4) 'Pogyo' is the perfection of Giving to spread the Dharma. 포교에 관한 것이 아닌 것은? 1) 포는 과거에 통화의 수단중에 하나로서, 포교는 마치 돈이 모든 사람들에의해 사용되듯이 불법을 퍼뜨려 중생을 구제하는 것을 의미한다. 2) 포교는 단지 법문을 말하는 것만 의미한다. 3) 포는 실천적인 측면에 교는 이론적인 측면에 관련한다. 4) 포교는 붋법을 전하는 법시로서 보시바라밀의 완성이다.

주관식

14. He was the first king to pay respect to the Buddha as a layperson and donated a park known as the Veluvana(Bamboo Grove) near Rajagaha. Who is he? 빔비사 라왕 Bimbisara 부처님께 존경을 표한 최초의 왕으로서 그는 라자가하 근처에 죽림정사를 기증하 였다. (참고) 부처님께서 가장 오래 머물렀던 곳은 기원정사입니다. 불설패경초 라는 경전을 보면 기원정사의 유래에 대해서 나옵니다. 불경을 보면 기원정사를 배경으로한 설법이 많이 나오는데 그 유래는 물론 다들 잘 아시겠지만 혹시 모르시는 분을 위해 간략하게 설명하면 다음과 같습니다. 부처님이 사위국에 있을 때였다. 거사 수달(須達)은 부처님을 받들어 섬기며, 항상 보시하기를 즐기고, 가난한 자들을 구원하였으므로, 외로운 자를 돕는다 는 의미로 급고독(給孤獨)이라고 불렸다. 그는 부처님을 위하여 정사를 짓고 자 땅을 물색하던 중에, 파사닉왕의 태자 기(祈)가 좋은 땅을 가지고 있음을 알고, 기에게 찾아가 땅을 팔기를 청했다. 태자가 땅 값으로 자신의 땅에 깔 수 있을 정도의 황금을 요구하자, 수달은 금을 구해 땅에 깔기 시작했다. 급 고독이 땅의 절반 정도를 황금으로 깔자, 이 광경을 본 태자는, 부처님을 보 면 큰 도가 있기 때문에 거사가 보배를 가벼이 여긴다고 생각하여 감동하였 다. 감동한 태자는 거사에게 동산을 기부하고, 자신은 나무를 심어서 부처님 에게 기증하겠다고 제안한다. 마침내 거사는 정사를 짓고, 태자는 나무를 심 어서, 부처님에게 바치니 그 정사를 기수급고독원이라고 부른다.

15. Read the following passage and answer the question. One of the most popular sutras for roughly 2000years, this stands out among the sacred texts of Mahayana Buddhism for its conciseness, its vivid and humorous episodes, its dramatic narratives, and its eloquent exposition of the key doctrine of emptiness or nondualism. Unlike most sutras, its central figure is NOT a Buddha, but a wealthy townsman, who, in his mastery of doctrine and religious practice, epitomizes the ideal lay believer. For this reason, the sutra has held particular significance for men and women of the laity in Buddhist countries of Asia, assuring them that they can reach levels of spiritual attainment fully comparable to those accessible to monks and nuns of the monastic order. What is the title of this sutra? Yumahil Sutra 이경전은 약 2000년 동안 사랑을 받아왔으며 대승불교 경전중에서 간결성과 생 동감, 그리고 해학적인 이야기, 극적인 대사들, 불이법문과 공사상을 유창하게 표 현한 경전으로 뛰어나다. 다른 경전과는 달리, 주된 등장인물은 붓다가 아닌 마을 의 부호로서 그는 교리와 수행에 정통하고 재가불자의 이상적인 모습으로 잘 요 약되어있다. 이러한 이유로 이 경전은 일반 불자들에게 중요성을 가지며 그들에 게 수행자 못지않은 깨달음을 얻을수 있다고 확신시켜주는 경전이다. 이 경전은? 유마경

16. There are three major temples in Korea which represent each of the Three Gems: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. What are they? Tong Do sa, Hae In Sa, Song Kwang Sa 우리나라의 삼보 사찰은

17. This word in the Pali language of ancient India refers to the meetings of the early Buddhist order that were held every fifteen days by the monks, including Shakyamuni and the elders. At the meetings the precepts were recited before the gathered monks and if any had been violated, those who had done so voluntarily acknowledged their wrongdoing. What is this? 고대인도의 팔리어에서 온 단어로서, 초기 불교교단에서 매 15일마다 석가모니부 처님을 비롯하여 모든 비구가 모인 모임을 말하나. 이 모임에서 계율을 낭송하고 만약 잘못한 것이 있으면 자기 잘못을 인정하고 참회한다. 이것은 무엇인가? 포살 (uposatha)

18. In Korean temples, from time to time the entire congregation of the monastery must be summoned to share the group work such as Field Work, Meju Making, Forest Fires. What is it?(한글) 한국의 절에서는 때때로 대중들이 모여 농사일, 메주담그기, 산불방제등을 한다. 이것은 무엇인가? 답) 울력, 운력 일반인에게는 노동을 뜻하지만 사찰에서는 수행의 하나이다. 백장선사는 하루일 하지 않으면 하루 먹지 않는다고 하여 백장청규를 지었다. 그는 90이 되어도 다 른 승려들과 같이 운력을 하였다. 하루는 이를 안쓰럽게 보던 제자들이 백장스님 의 농기구를 숨겼다. 백장스님은 농기구를 찾을수가 없어서 그날 일을 할 수가 없었다. 그래서 그날 밥을 굶었다고한다. 그후로 제자들은 스승이 굶는 것을 볼수 가 없어서 농기구를 숨기지 않았다고한다. 마조스님의 제자에는 서당지장, 백장, 남전선사가 있다. 그러나 법은 백장이 이었다. 백장스님이 승려들도 일하게 한것 은 후에 있을 법란에 대비하여 사원스스로 경제적 독립을 책임질수 있게 하기 위 함이었다. 아울러 승려들도 노후가 걱정되면 수행에 집중도가 떨어지는 것을 보 고 내린 조치라고 할수 있다.

19. This association was founded for the propagation of Korean Buddhism and the peace and happiness of people around the world in 1998. Around 170 members are already working at various fields after graduated from the courses supported by the Board of Propagation of the Korean Buddhist Chogye Order and they are supporting lots of activities related to foreigners. What is this association? 국제포 교사, International Dharma Instructor Association 한국불교를 세계에 알리기 위해서 1998년도에 조직된 협회이다. 약 170명의 회원 이 조계종 포교원에서 지원하는 과정을 졸업한 후에 여러분야에서 활동하며 외국 인들과 관련된 활동을 지원한다. 이 협회는 무엇인가? 국제포교사회, International Dharma Instructor‘s Association

(개인의견) 종단에서 과연 국제포교사를 위해 얼마나 투자하는지 모르겠지만, 종 단이 보기에 그다지 가시적인 실적이 없다고 국제포교사의 존폐 여부까지 들먹이 는 이유를 모르겠다. 같은 논리라면 실적없는 스님도 짤라라. 기왕이면 솔직해지 자. 돈이 별로 안되고, 행정하기 귀찬아서 그런것이 아닌가? 솔직히 언제 포교에 관심이나 있었던가? 포교는 커녕 스스로 해탈하기위해 잠시라도 용맹정진한적이 있었던가? 조계사 경내에서 주먹질하고 싸우지만 않아도 외국인에게 한국불교는 좋은 인상을 심어주기에 충분하다. 종단은 먼저 반성하길 바란다. 20. There are five major monasteries(叢林) in Chogye Order. What do we call the leaders of each monasteries? (한글) 해인사 해인총림 (가야총림) 송광사 조계총림 통도사 영축총림 수덕사 덕숭총림 백양사 고불총림

총림 지도자 :방장

21. What are the six offerings(六法供養) to the Buddha? flower, incense, rice, candle, fruit, tea

주관식 서술형

22. Explain about the Nine Mountains of Son in the end of the United Shilla Period. During the United Shilla period, Son Buddhism was imported from China. Son Buddhism teaches direct pointing heart, enlightenment and not-depending words. However, during that period, Son Buddhism was very new to the Buddhism society. Thus, Son Buddhism was not readily spreaded into Korea at that time.?However, many Silla monks went to China (Dang dynasty) to study Seon Buddhism and then they came back to Shilla and set up Nine-mountain of Son. Among them, the Son Master Do-Ui was acknowledged for his enlightenment by Master Ji-Jang who was disciple of the great Son Master Ma-Jo. Master Do-Ui set up his sector on Ga-Ji mountain. Now, the Korean Cho-Gye order respects Master Do-Ui as the founder of the order.

23. State the lessons the below story contains?

· Suppose, Malunkyaputta, a man were wounded by an arrow thickly smeared with poison, and his friends and companions and relatives, brought a surgeon to treat him. The man would say: 'I will not let the surgeon pull out this arrow until I know whether the man who wounded me was a noble or a brahmin or a merchant or a worker.'· (from Culamalunkya Sutta, A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya) 독화살의 비유로서 이것은 인간은 자신의 무지로부터 벗어나지 못한 상태에 집착 한다는 것을 지적하고 참다운 인생의 길을 찾는 것이 더 중요하다는 것을 가르칩 니다. 그리하여 인간의 괴로움을 없애주는 가르침이라 하겠습니다.

The most important thing for human is removing the urgent problem not the trivial metaphysical matters. Those kinds of matters are not helpful to attain enlightenment. Therefore, to get enlightenment, human beings should try to get rid of the dukka first and try not to accumulate worldly matters. 24. Explain about the Six Perfections (6 Paramitas). 육바라밀 1. charity: offering without thinking of receiving 2. morality: observing the precepts 3. patience: endurance of insult or difficulty 4. energy: endeavor and practice continously without laziness 5. meditation to get samadhi 6. wisdom: prajna paramita- revealing the suprem wisdom of universe to get nondualism

25. State good ways to spread Korean Buddhism to foreigners or other countries based on the advantages of the Korean Buddhism. 한국불교의 장점을 살려 한국불교를 외국인에게 전할수 있는 좋은 방법을 서슬하 시오.

Korean Buddhism preserves the most original form of Son Buddhism in the world. Sanga practices meditation and Mahayana Buddhism in Korea. Thus, we should try to spread our precious Buddhism to the world by all means. First, translation of Sutras is important to introduce the Buddha's teaching. Second, teaching meditation to foreigners is recommended because meditation is one of the best way to cure human dukka in the modern society. Last, it would be very effective to invite foreigners to the Korean temples and having them experience the temple life because experience is more effective than just teaching

Questions for International Dharma Instructor's Course 2004 Name:______Number:______

Please write all answers in English.

Fill the blanks (each 2 points) 1. The most remarkable change in Korean Buddhism was the introduction of Seon Buddhism during the Unified Shilla period. As Ch'an style Seon Buddhism spread from Unified Shilla to mid Koryo Dynasty, it confronted the academic Buddhist tradition with Gaji-sanmun, Shilsaeng-sunmun, Sakul-sunmun, Sungju-sunmun, Dongni-sunmun, Saja-sunmun, Huiyang-sunmun, Bongnim- sunmun, Sumi-sunmun. These are called the ______. 한국불교의 가장 두드러진 변화는 통일신라시대에 선불교가 들어온 것이다. 남종 선이 통일신라와 고려중기에 걸쳐 퍼짐에 따라 선불교는 교학적 불교전통과 맞서 게 되었고 거기에는 가지산문, 실상산문, 사굴사문, 성주산문, 동리산문, 희양산문, 봉림산문, 성주산문, 사굴산문, 사자산문, 수미산문이 있다. 이것을 무엇이라 하는 가?

답: 9산 선문, nine mountain Seon Mun

2. After he had been recognized by his Chinese teacher, Master Suh-dang, he went back to Korea. He was the first sunim to spread Seon Buddhism in Korea. Therefore he is highly respected as the Korean Chogye-order's founder. His name was ______. 그의 중국 스승인 서장 지장선사의 인가를 받고 그는 신라로 돌아와 최초로 한국 에 선불교를 전한 스님이되었다. 그래서 그는 대한불교조계종의 창시자로서 높은 존경을 받는다. 그는 누구인가?

답: 도의 선사, Master Do Uy

(응용: 만약 9산 선문에 대해 쓰라고 문제가 나오면, 문제 1번과 2번을 답으로 쓰 면됨)

3 During this time, there were many Buddhist books written in Korean. These included Kangkyungdogam, Wolinsukbo, Lotus sutra, Suramgama- sutra and Diamond sutra. During this time means ______.

이시기에는, 많은 불교서적이 한글로 번역이 되었다. 간경도감 설치를 비롯하여 월인석보, 법화경, 능엄경, 금강경이 번역되었다. 이시기는 언제인가?

답: 조선 세조. Chosun dynasty King Sejo

4. He is the author of Dongda-song which is a book about the origin, planting and growing method of Korean green tea. Another of his books is T'a shin-Jun. This monk is ______.

그는 동다송의 저자이다. 이 책은 한국 녹차의 기원 재배방법이 쓰여있다. 그의 책에는 다신전이 있다. 이 승려는 누구인가?

답: 초의 선사, Cho Uy

5.The "Buddhist Reform Society" movement existed from 1947 until 1949. It was organised by Masters Sung-ch'ol, Haeng-gok and Chung-dam who were famous at that time. In addition there were twenty monks in ______-sa. This is the meditation temple of Korea's Chogye-order founder.

불교개혁운동은 1947년 부터 1949년 사이에 있었는데. 이 운동은 성철, 혜곡, 청 담 스님이 주축이 되었다. 아울러 20명의 스님이 이곳에 모였다. 이 곳은 한국 조 계종 설립자들의 참선도량이었다. 이절은.?

답: 봉암사, Bong Am (봉암사 결사를 묻는 질문임)

기독교철학에 입각하여, 1970년대에 목회자와 평신도들이 이운동을 시작하였다. 이 운동은 노동자의 권리, 농민의 권리, 인간의 권리를 포함한다. 이운동은 무엇 인가?

답: 에큐메니컬운동(교회일치운동)

7. We consider there to be two remarkable things about Korean Buddhism. What are these two? (2 points)

한국불교의 두가지 두드러진 점은?

답: 참선, 염불 (Meditation, chanting)

8. Buddhist art became a big fashion in India. Which kind of art was made first? (2 points)

불교예술은 인도에서 큰 유행이 되었다. 어떤 예술이 처음 생겨났는가?

답: 불탑, stupa (pagoda)

9. In one kind of Dharma Hall Amita Buddha is enshrined as in Busuk-sa, in Yong-ju. This hall is called ______.(2 points)

영주 부석사에 있는 아미타불을 모신 전각을 무엇이라 하는가?

답: 무량수전, (Muryangsu Jun), Paradise Hall

10. Briefly write about the shape of two typical Korean Stupas. (2 points)

한국 탑의 양식에 대해 설명하시오.

답: 목탑과 석탑, wooden stupa, stone stupa

부처님께서 성도하실때를 묘사한 수인으로서, 왼손은 선정인 자세를 취하고 있고 오른손은 무릎위에 올려 놓은 이 수인을 무엇이라 하는가?

답: 항마촉지인,( hangmachokjiin), Bhumi-sparsa mudra 부처님께서 성도하시고 나서 마왕 파순의 도전을 받았다. 마왕은 부처님의 깨달 음을 인정할수 없고 쓸데없는 것이라 하고 자신도 부처님과 같은 능력을 가졌다 고 말했다. 그러자 부처님은 자신의 깨달음은 땅이 증명한다고 말하며 한손으로 땅을 가리켰다. 그러자 땅의 신이 그것을 증명하고 천지가 진동하였다. 그러자 파 순이 도망쳤다.

이 보살은 아름다우며 행동적이다. 또한 모든 중생을 구원하기 위해 모든 곳에 나투신다. 일반적으로 지혜의 보살인 문수보살과 함께 모셔진다. 이 보살의 이름 은?

답: 보현보살, Samantabhadra

Fill in the blanks (2 points) 13. The Buddhist paintings which have specific themes and are painted on the back walls or on the right and left walls are called ______paintings. ______is normally done on the interior wood and consists of various patterns. 불교 회화 중에 뒤 쪽 벽, 오른쪽 왼쪽 벽에 특별한 주제를 갖고 그려진 그림은? 답: 벽화, wall painting

전각 내부에 나무에 여러 페턴으로 구성된 그림은? 답: 단청, (Danchung), Cosmic design

불탑의 구조는 크게 세가지으로 나뉘는 복발탑, 목탑, 석탑이 있다. 다층 구조로 된 탑의 경우 각 부분의 명칭이 약간 다르다. 그러나 기본적으로 세부분으로 나 누어 진다. 이 세부분은?

답: 기단부, 탑신부, 상륜부, (base, body, vertical mast section)

15. It is one of the ways of practicing. Chanting and reciting a Bodhisattva's name to praise his/her wisdom and virtues. What is the practice? ______. (2 points)

이것은 수행방법의 하나로서 보살님의 명호를 위우고 보살의 지혜와 공덕을 찬탄 한다. 이 수행방법은 무엇인가?

답: 정근 (Jung Geun) 정근은 크게 염불수행 (chanting)에 속하는 수행방법입니다. 염불수행에는 세가지 가 있는데 하나는 입으로만 하는 구두염불, 두번째는 부처님을 생각(염)하는 염불, 세번째는 염불하는 자성을 찾는 염불선이 있습니다. 따라서 15번 문제는 염불 (chanting)이라고 해도 되지만 specific 하게 한다면 정근이 맞다고 생각합니다.

여래에게는 10가지 특징이 있는데, 이중에 친절하고 큰 자비로 모든 중생과 교류 하는 능력을 갖고, 중생들으로 올바른 길로 인도합니다. 이러한 능력을 무엇이라 고 하나?

답: 조어장부: The human Tamer (purusadamyasarathi)

17. Fill in the blanks He who sees ______sees the Dharma, and he who sees the Dharma sees ______. And one who understands______, can see the Buddha.

이것을 이해한 사람은 법을 이해하고, 법을 이해한 사람은 이것을 이해한다, 이것 을 이해한 사람은 부처를 볼것이다. 이것은?

답: 연기법: interdependent arising

중도는 극단적인 것을 피하는 수행이다. 초전법륜을 굴릴때, 부처님은 그가 경험 한 두가지 극단을 가르쳤다. 그것은 무엇인가?

답: 쾌락주의(hedonism)와 고행주의(asceticism). 쾌락주의는 즐거운 것만 추구하 는 것으로 육신이 곧 존재하는 자신이라고 여기고 육신을 즐겁게 하는 것이 진정 으로 존재가 원하는 것이라고 생각하는 사상이다. 고행주의는 육체에 고통을 가 하여 육체의 항복을 받아 정신을 해방시킨다는 생각으로 정신과 육체를 이원적으 로 생각하는 사상이다. 이러한 사상은 존재의 본질을 잘못 관찰하여 극단으로 흐 르는 수행방법이다. 불교에서는 육체와 정신은 둘이면서도 둘이 아닌 것으로 모 두 공한 모습을 갖고 있어서 인연에 따라 나타나는 것으로 설명한다.

19. The Five Aggregates are the explanation of the body and mind of all sentient beings. What are the Five Aggregates?

오온은 중생의 몸과 마음을 설명하는 것이다. 오온은 무엇인가?

답: 색(form), 수(feeling), 상 (perception), 행 (mental formation), 식 (consciousness) 오온은 skandha 로 번역되며, 모여있는 것을 말한다. 즉 중생의 육체와 정신은 5 가지 요소로 구성되어있다는 것이다. 색은 외형적인 것으로 모양을 갖고 있고 변 하게 되는 성질을 갖고 있다. 색은 곧 사대(지, 수, 화, 풍)를 의미한다고 할수 있 다. 수는 경험이나 느낌을 말한다. 상이란 수를 통해 외부의 정보를 받아들이게 되면 그 대상의 이미지를 정보화 하는 과정을 말한다. 행이란 수를 통해 들어온 정보가 상으로 개념화 되면, 그 개념들을 종합하고 연결하는 것을 말한다. 예를 들면 여자는 변덕스럽다 라는 고정관념을 만는 것이다. 식이라는 것은 전오식(안 식, 이식, 비식, 설식, 신식)에다가 제6의식을 더한 것을 일반적으로 말한다. 의식 이라는 것은 모든 정신적 작용을 말한다. 단순히 보는 느낌뿐만 아니라 그것을 인식하고 그것에 대한 이름을 붙이고 그로인한 2차적 정신작용(예를 들면 어떤 것을 보고 좋다 나쁘다 고 분별하는 등)을 의미한다.

20. When we analyse Buddhist music, we find there are three groups. What are they? 불교음악을 분석하면 세가지 그룹으로 되어있다. 그것은 무엇인가?

답: 범패, 화청, 찬불가 (Bum-pae, Hwa-Chung, ChanBulGa)

Please write full sentences and keep them brief 21. What is the main idea of the Korean Chogye order? 조계종의 종지를 쓰시오.

답: 견성성불, 직지인심, 전법도생(enlightenment, direct pointing human heart, teaching Dharma and saving beings)

22. Who are these two monks? Please write their names below. 1) He was great master in Hwayen philosophy. He insisted on Bodhisattva action in practice. He wrote eleven collection of poems including "Bohyeon shipjong Wonang-ga" in Hyang-ga. Who is this monk? ______다음 승려의 이름은 누구인가? 1) 그는 화엄학의 대가이며, 보살의 행을 강조하였다. 그는 향가 “보현십종원앙가” 11수를 지었다. 그는 누군가? 답: 균여대사 (Kyun Yu)

2) He contributed greatly to re-establish the Ch'on-tae Order and he built "Kyojangdokam" in Heungwang-sa. He also collected old books which he distributed all over the country as well as overseas and he published them in Sokjangkyung. Who is this monk? 그는 천태종의 중흥에 기여하였고, 교장도감을 흥왕사에 설치하였다. 그는 고문서 를 수집하여 전국각지와 해외에 보급하였고 그것들을 속장경에 출판하였다. 그는 누군인가?

답: 대각국사 의천 (Uy-Chon)

23. Please write a few lines about The Noble Eightfold Path 8정도에 대해 간략히 쓰시오. 정견, 바르게 봄 (right understanding) 정사, 바르게 생각함 (right thought) 정어, 바른 말 (right speech) 정업, 바르게 행동함 (right action) 정명, 바른 직업과 삶 (right livelihood) 정정진, 바른 노력 (right effort) 정념, 바른 마음챙김 (right mindfulness) or right sati 정정, 바른 선정 (right concentration) or right sammadhi

24. Please write down the dates for the beginning and ending of the summer and winter retreats. 한안거와 동안거 시작하는 날고 끝나는 날을 적으시오.

답: 하안거 음력(lunar calendar) 4월16일 부터 7월15일 동안거 음력 10월 16일 부터 1월 15일

25. Before starting morning and evening Yebul, each temples sounds four instruments. What are these four? How do they relate to animals. 아침과 저녁 예불전에 절에서 사용하는 4가지 사물과 관련된 동물을 쓰시오.

답: 범종(Dharma Bell)- beings in hell, 법고 (Dharma drum) – animals 목어 (wooden fish) – fish 운판 (cloud pannel) - birds

Briefly describe the following (5 points each)

1. Describe the whole procedure to become a Chogye order Sunim . 조계종의 스님이 되는 절차를 쓰시오. 답: 출가(renunciation)- 행자 1 년(apprentice 1 year) – 사미계를 받고 사미가 됨 (Sami) – 사미가 된후 강원에 4년간 수학 (monk college or Chonglim 4 years)- 졸 업후 비구계를 받고 비구가 됨, 여성은 비구니가 됨(receive precepts for Bhikku)

2. Normally the Buddha statue can be explained in three parts. What are they? 일반적으로 불상은 세부분으로 나뉜다. 그것들은 무엇인가? 답: 좌대, 불신, 광배 (base, body, Gwang-bae)

3. In Korean Buddhism, there are several kinds of practice. What are they? Describe them. 한국불교에는 다른 여러가지 수행방법이 있다. 설명하시오. 답: (1)참선 (meditation) , 참선이란 산스크리트어의 dhyana에서 온 말로서, 고요 히 사유하여 닦는다는 뜻을 갖고 있다. 진정한 참선은 본래 누구나 갖고 있는 참 나 자리를 닦아 불도를 이루는 것이다. 본래 불성은 말로서 표현할수도 없으나 행주좌와 어묵동정 중에 쉼없이 사용하고 있다. 따라서 진정한 참선은 생활과 분 리될수 없고 생활이 곧 수행이 되며 근본 자리의 마음을 깨치는 것을 말한다. (2) 염불 (chanting): 염불이란 항상 부처님을 생각하는 것을 말한다. 항상 부처님 을 생각하는 관상염불, 그리고 부처님의 명호를 부르는 칭명염불이 있다. 아미타 경에는 아미타불 이름을 지극하게 부르면 극락에 갈수 있다고 하였다. 또한 염불 삼매는 지극하게 부처님을 생각하여 부처님께 귀의함으로서 마음을 한곳에 집중 하여 삼매에 드는 것을 말한다. (3) 기도 (pray): 기도는 보통 인간이 한계를 느낄때 신묘한 힘에 의지하는 것을 말한다. 그러나 진정한 기도는 하루속히 해탈 성불하고 중생들을 구제하겠다고 기원하는 것이다. (4) 간경 (studying sutra) : 부처님의 진리의 말씀인 경전을 읽고 공부하여 중생들 에게 설해주는 공덕은 다른 어떤 보시보다 크다고 한다. 경전은 해탈로 이끄는 길을 제시하기 때문에 중생들이 의지할수 있는 법을 배울수 있다. (5) 기타: 불공, 예불, 사경, 오체투지(참회), 정근, 법회, 다비, 방생, 천도재, 탑돌이

4. Write down The Four Noble Truths and explain them. 사성제를 쓰고 설명하시오. 고(dukka, suffering): 세상의 모든 일은 그 모습이 곧 고통이다. 즐거운 일일지라 도 영원하지 않기 때문에 그것이 바로 고통인 것이다. 그래서 경전에 의하면 무 상한 것이 곧 고통이라고 했다. 불법을 이해하려면 우선 세상의 모습이 고통이라 는 것을 인식해야 한다. 집 (cause of dukka): 집착은 고통을 일으키는 원인이다. 세상이 무상한 것인데도 불구하고 중생들은 무명에 싸여 그것을 보지 못하고 내것이라는 것 나라는 것에 집착하여 거기서 고통이 발생한다. 멸 (cessation of dukka): 고통이 생겨나면 그것을 없애는 것도 가능하다. 왜냐하면 만법이 무상하다면 고통또한 무상한 것이기 때문이다. 그러므로 고통을 없애는 것은 그 원인인 집착을 없애는 것이다. 집착은 거짓 자아를 없애는 것으로 그것 을 통해 고통이 없어지고 그렇게 되면 바로 불성을 보고 해탈하는 것이다. 도 (way to cessation of dukka): 해탈에 이끄는 길을 말한다. 이것은 고통을 없애 는 수행을 의미한다. 고통이라는 것이 본래 공하다는 것을 바로 알고 고통은 본 래 자성이 없다는 것을 보게되는 것인데 거기에 이르는 길을 도성제라고 한다. 도성제는 8정도라고 이해하면 된다.

5. Describe Balwookongyang's main concept and it's whole procedure. 발우공양의 기본 정신과 방법을 설명하시요. (생략)

6. Translate the following (each 6 points).

1) 육조 혜능 선사가 법성사(法性寺)에 이르러 인종 법사(仁宗法師)의 열반경 강의 를 들을 때의 일입니다. 그때 마침 바람이 불어서 깃발이 날리고 있었는데, 한 승려가 “깃발이 움직인다.” 고 하자, 다른 승려가 “바람이 움직이는 것이다.”라고 하면서 서로 다투었습니다. 이에 혜능 선사가 말씀하셨습니다. “바람이 움직이는 것도 아니요, 깃발이 움직이는 것도 아니다. 다만 그대들의 마 음이 움직일 뿐이다.” This event happend when The sixth partriach Hui-Neng (중국식 발음) was attending and listening the lectureon Maha Parinirvana Sutra which was given by Bhikkhu Yin Tsung, Master of the Dharma, in the temple of Beop-Sung Sa. At that time, when a pennant was blown about by the wind, two Bhikkhs entered into a dispute as to what it was that in motion, the wind or the pennant. As they coul not settle their differnce, Master Hui Neng told them. " It was neither, Not wind nor pennant was moving. It was only your own mind that moves."

2) 보적 선사가 만행을 하다가 푸줏간 앞을 지나게 되었습니다. 그때 어떤 선비가 고기를 사러 와서 백정에게 말했습니다. “깨끗한 부분으로 한 조각 주게나.” 이에 백정이 칼을 집어던지고는 팔짱을 끼고서 말했습니다. “어느 부분이 더러운 곳입니까?” 이 말에 보적 선사는 크게 깨달았습니다. 백정이 바로 선지식이었던 것입니다.

When Seon Master Bo Jeok was passing by a butcher shop, a man came to the store and asked the butcher. "Please, give me a clean piece of the meat." Then, the butcher threw away his knfe and told him with his arms folded. "Which part of the meat is dirty?" At that very moment of his saying, Master Bo Jeok was enlightened very deeply. The butcher was a Seon Master.

7. Essay ( 8 points) These days Buddhist practices such as Seon are a big fashion in Europe and America. Explain this phenomena according to your understanding from the positive and negative points of view. With this background, please suggest how Korean Buddhism should develop and which way it should go?

최근 유럽과 미국에서 참선과 같은 불교수행이 유행하고 있다. 당신의 경험에 비 추어 이러한 현상의 긍정적인 면과 부정적인 면을 설명하고, 그런 배경을 통해서 한국불교가 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하시오. (예문) From the studying tour in America, I realized that it is time that the Korean Buddhism should develop qualitatively not quantitatively. The foreign buddhists lack the responsibility as buddhists like the Korean buddhists. They feel that declaring “I am a buddhist” is like declaring “I am a christian.” Thus, they don’t strongly empower the concept of being a buddhist. Whereas, the Korean buddhists are relatively hardcore, reflecting that Koreans are slightly hot-tempered. However, the foreign buddhists rarely devote to Buddhism itself simply because many foreign buddhists tranformed themselves from christianity to buddhism. Thus, they might regard the hardcore buddhists as hardcore exclusive christian. Therefore, in my point of view, they believe hyayana buddhism. That is why it is time for the Korean buddhism to change qualitatively. Po-gyo is difficult not because the environment for buddhism is not hospitable but because enlightenment itself is difficult. Po-gyo was also difficult even in 2500 years ago when Shakamuni Buddha was teaching. Many Buddha’s disciples were killed while they spread the Buddha’s teaching. It is enlightenment that is hard. If you understand Dharma and enlighten your mind clearly, it is not difficult to teaching Dharma. Sangha is the gather of Buddhists. These days, the problem in Buddhism society is not only due to the monks but also due to the laymen because Sangha members are equal. I think that the most important thing to do is to spread Buddha’s teaching correctly and to lead people to the enlightenment. In the most frontline of Po-gyo, there are Dharma instructors. Many of them don’t even receive salary from the Bureau of Missionary Activities while they are doing missionary. If a Dharma instructor live a good buddhist life, that is a excellent example of missionary. Buddha said that Buddha and sentient beings are inseparable, thus if you teach buddhism to one person, it is not different from teaching thousand people because on person means one buddha. Today, the Bureau of Missionary Activities looks like to judge the achievement of Dharma instructor with measurable and visible achievement. If directors in the Bureau are interested in missionary to the foreign country, they have to invest significantly. For example, they have to invest a lot to raise international Dharma instructor. There must be carrot and lash. Thus, if they are reluctant to invest yet still want to have big missionary achievement in foreign countries, that is hypocrite. It would be shameful because they don’t understand the Buddha’s basic teaching the “cause and effect.” Attaining enlightenment and missionary of buddhism are either side of a coin. Just like when you clime mountain, you cannot go to the top alone and come back to your friend to help. You must help each other to conquer the top together. Therefore, attaining enlightenment and missionary of buddhsim are inseparable. To spread Dharma to foreign countries, it seems that we need fluency of foreign languages and a lot of money. However, as I mentioned before, if you understand the Buddha’s teaching correctly and find your original pure mind, teaching Dharma is not so difficult. Therefore, the most important thing is that we have to go back to Buddha’s origianal teaching and enlighten our mind and teaching Dharma, which is the way to pay debt to the greatest teacher Buddha.

해외탐방에서 많은 것을 느꼈는데, 이제 우리나라 불교도 양적성장에서 질적성장 으로 탈바꿈해야할 때라고 생각합니다. 외국인 불자들은 우리 불자들 만큼 불자 라는 소명의식이 부족합니다. '나는 불자다' 이런 생각은 마치 '나는 기독교 신자 다' 라고 생각하는 것과 똑같다고 보기 때문에 아직 많은 불자들이 이런 사상적 무장이 약하다는 것입니다. 우리나라 사람들은 화끈한 성격이 있어서 무대포로 밀어부치는 경향이 있습니다. 마치 도아니면 모 인 격이지요. 그래서 한번 사상적 무장이 되면 목숨을 바쳐 헌신을 합니다. 그러나 외국의 불자들은 그런 경향이 적습니다. 단지 기독교적 배타주의가 싫어서 불교로 전향한 사람들이 많기 때문 입니다. 그러니 그런 사람들에게는 불교적사상 무장이 마치 불교적 배타주의로 비춰질수 있기 때문입니다. 그들에겐 아직 불교가 소승적 불교인 셈이지요. 그렇기 때문에 우리나라 불교가 질적성장을 추구해야 할때라는 것입니다. 포교가 어려운 것은 여건이 어려워서가 아닙니다. 부처님 당시에도 포교는 쉬운일이 아니었습니다. 많은 부처님 제자들이 암살당하고 맞아 죽었습니다. 정말로 어려운 일은 불법을 바로 깨우치는 일입니 다. 불법을 잘 이해한다면 가르치는 일은 어려운 일이 아닙니다. 상가(sangha) 라는 것은 사부대중의 모임입니다. 오늘날의 불교계의 문제점을 스 님네들에게만 돌리수는 없습니다. 사부대중이 동등하다면 이제는 재가신도들이 나서야 할때라고 생각합니다. 정말로 부처님이 설하신 참뜻을 중생들 가슴에 심 어주어 해탈에 길에 이르게 하는 것이 불교계가 해야할 일이라고 생각합니다. 그 최전선에 바로 포교사가 있습니다. 포교사는 종단에서 월급도 받지 않고 일합니 다. 포교사가 한명 나와서 여법하게 생활하는 그 자체만으로도 커다란 포교입니 다. 어쩌면 어떤 포교사는 평생 단 한명에게만 불법을 이야기 해줄지도 모릅니다. 중생이 곧 부처라면, 단 한명의 중생일지라도 한명의 부처라는 말입니다. 그것이 수만명에게 포교한 것과 다르지 않다는 것입니다. 오늘날 종단에서는 포교사의 자격을 실적위주로 판단하는 것 같습니다. 만약 오늘날 한국불교가 해외포교에 관심이 있다면, 그러한 관심을 적극적으로 표현해야 합니다. 즉 국제포교사를 양 성하는데 더 많은 투자를 해야 한다는 것입니다. 당근과 채찍이 있듯이 실적없는 포교사를 징계하는 것에 관심있다면 그 이전에 투자가 먼저 있어야 당연합니다. 아무런 투자도 하지 않고 실적을 거두고자 한다면 인을 심지 않고 과를 거두기만 을 바라는 것이니, 어찌 부처님의 인과법을 제대로 알고있다고 하겠습니까. 상구 보리는 곧 하화중생입니다. 마치 등산을 할때 나혼자 먼저 정상에 오른후에 내려 와서 동료를 도와주는 것은 있을수 없습니다. 같이 밀고 당기며 산을 오르듯, 상 구보리와 하화중생은 분리될수 없습니다. 해외포교를 하기위해서는 외국어에 능통해야하고 많은 돈이 필요할것입니다. 그 러나 불법의 가르침을 철저히 이해하고 마음을 바로 깨우쳤다면 제대로 불법을 전할수 있을 것입니다. 정말로 어려운 일은 포교가 아니라 불법을 깨우치는 일이 어려운 일인 것입니다. 따라서 우선 중요한 것은 부처님의 근본 가르침으로 회귀 하여 마음을 깨우쳐 불법을 전하는 것이 부처님의 은혜에 보답하는 길이라 생각 합니다.

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국제표교사 고시‘불교입문’문제

1. 도량에서 서 있거나 걸을 때 자세는? → hands overlapped together on belly (차수)

2. 부처님께 예를 올리는 가장 기본적인 자세, 자신이 불자임을 나타내는 인사법 은? → palms together (합장)

3. 불법승에 대한 예경과 상대방을 존경하는 마음의 표현, 자신을 스스로 낮추는 하심의 수행방법은 ? → bowing 혹은 prostrating (절)

4. 부처님과 스님들께 수행 생활에 필요한 음식, 의복, 침구 등을 제공, 삼보께 정성스럽게 올리는 모든 것은 ? → offering (공양)

5. 불교의 전통 공양법, 대중이 같이 공양하거나 수련회 및 수행시 실시 ? → formal meal (발우공양)

6. 석가모니 부처님을 본존불로 모신 법당, 절의 중심이 되는 전각은 ? → Dharma hall, Buddha hall (대웅전)

7. 관세음보살을 주불로 모신 전각은? → the hall of bodhisattva of compassion (관음전, 원통전)

8. 본존불로 연화장 세계의 교주이신 비로자나 부처님을 모시고 연화장 세계가 진리의 빛이 가득한 대적정의 세계라고 하는 법당은? → the hall of great calm and brilliance (대적광전)

9. 극락세계의 아미타 부처님을 모신 법당은? → the paradise hall (극락전)

10.. 석가모니 부처님의 제자 가운데 아라한과를 성취한 성자들을 모신 법당은 ? → arhants' hall (나한전)

11. 사찰에 들어갈 때 처은 만나는 문, 기둥이 한줄로 늘어서 있는 문은 ? → one pillar gate (일주문)

12. 불법을 지켜주는 외호신인 사천왕을 봉안한 건물, 일주문과 불이문 사이 위치? → four guardians' gate (천왕문 혹은 사천왕문)

13. 법당 가장 안쪽에 있는 문, 해탈문 이라고도 하는 문은? → non-duality gate (불이문)

14. 사찰 경내의 전각과 문을 제외한, 스님들이 생활하는 건물을 통칭하면 ? → monk's living quarters (요사)

15. 부처님 입멸후 여덟나라 국왕들이 부처님의 사리를 팔등분하여 자신들의 나 라로 가지고 가서 세우고 안에 사리를 봉안한 건축물은? → stupa (탑)

16. 탑의 재질은 ? → brick masonry, stone, wood (벽돌, 석재, 목재)

17. 비단이나 삼베에 불·보살의 모습이나 경전 내용을 그려 벽에 걸 수 있게 한 것은? → Buddhist wall painting (탱화)

18. 법당 밖에 불교의식을 행할 때 걸어놓는 예배용 그림은? → large banner painting (괘불)

19. 불교경전의 복잡한 내용이나 심오한 가르침을 알기 쉽게 그림으로 변화시켜 사람들에게 감화를 주기 위한 회화는? → Byeonsangdo (변상도)

20. 불전 사물과 제도 대상이 되는 동물은? → dharma drum – animals / dharma bell – being in hell / wooden fish - fish cloud shaped gong – birds (법고, 범종, 목어, 운판)

21. 모든 의식을 집전할 때 가장 많이 쓰는 도구, 신호용으로도 사용? → moktak / wooden clacker (목탁)

22. 선방 등에서 수행자를 지도할 때나 입선과 방선, 공양할 때 신호 도구로 사용? → chukbi / bamboo clapper (죽비)

23. 출가 수행자들이 공양할 때 쓰는 밥그릇은? → wooden bowls (발우)

24. 부처님께 기도하거나 절을 하면서 참회할 때 수를 세기 위해 사용, 보통 108 개로 되어 있다? → prayer beads / Buddhist rosary (염주)

25. 불상을 조성하면서 불상속에 넣는 사리, 불상 등을 무엇이라고 하는가? → Bobjangmul (복장물)

26. 여래의 10가지 칭호와 의미는 ? → 1) 응 공 : the worth of offering (공양 받을 만한 분) 2) 정변지 : the right understanding of all (바르고 보편타당하게 아시는 분) 3) 명행족 : the perfect clarrity and conduct (지혜와 실천 겸비하신 분) 4) 선 서 : the well gone (깨달음의 세계로 잘 가신 분) 5) 세간해 : the knower of the world (세상을 잘 아시는 분) 6) 무상사 : the supreme one (더없이 높으신 분) 7) 조어장부 : the great tamer (사람들을 올바르게 길들이시는 분) 8) 천인사 : the teacher of heavenly and human being (하늘과 인간의 스승) 9) 불 : the awakened one (깨달으신 분) 10) 세 존 : the world honored one (세상에서 가장 존귀한 분)

27. Five precept (오계)는 무엇인가? → 1) no killing (살생x) 2) no stealing (도둑질x) 3) no sexual misconduct (사음x) 4) no lie (거짓말x) 5) no intoxicant (술을 비롯한 취하는 음식x)

28. Three Dharma seals / the Three Marks of Existence (삼법인)을 열거하고 설명 ? → 1) impermanence(무상) : The Buddha taught us that all existence is impermanent.. everything changes continuously. 2) suffering (고) : whatever is impermanent is subject to change. whatever is subject to change is suject to suffering. 3) no-self (무아) : The Buddha taught us that the concept of a "self" consists of 5 elements, the five aggregates. There is no real, permanent and independent personality or self at all

29. The Four Noble Truth (사성제)를 열거하고 설명하시오? → 1) suffering (고성제) : All existence is impermanent, whatever is impermanent is subject suffering. The conception of dukkha may be viewed from three aspects. (1) Dukkha as ordinary suffering (2) Dukkha as produced by change (2) Dukkha as conditioned states (연기의 상태) 2) cause of suffering (집성제) : The origin of dukkha is 'thirst' which produces re- existence(rebecoming), and which is bound up with passionate greed. (1) Thirst for sesnse-pleasures, (2) Thirst for re-existence and rebecoming (3) Thirst for non-existence (annihilation) 3) cessation of suffering(멸성제) : There is emanicipation, liberation, freedom from suffering. (1) The extinction of desire, extinction of hatred, the extinction of illusion. (2) The abandoning and destruction of desire and craving for the Five Aggregates Attachment (3) The cessation of continuity and becoming 4) the path to cessation of suffering(도성제) : It is the path leading to the cessation of dukkha, which is known as 'Middle Way' because it avoids two extremes of excessive self-indulgence and excessive self-mortification. The Middle Way' is generally referred to as The Noble Eightfold Path

30. The Noble Eightfold Path (팔정도)를 열거하고 설명하시오? → 1) right view (정견) : It simply means to see and to understand thing as they are, and to realize the four noble truths 2) right thought (정사유) : Right thought can be described best as commitment to ethical and mental self-development (1) intention of renunciation (resistance to the pull of desire), (2) intention of good will (resistance to feelings of anger and aversion), (3) intention of harmlessness (not to think or act cruelly, violently, or aggressively, and to develop compassion). 3) right speech (정어) : Right Speech is the first principle of the ethical conduct in the Eightfold Path which supports the other principles of the Path. The Buddha explained Right Speech as follows (1) to abstain from false speech (2) to abstain from slanderous speech, (3) to abstain from harsh words that offend or hurt others (4) to abstain from idle chatter that lacks purpose or depth. 4) right action (정업) : Right Action involves the body as natural means of expression, as it refers to deeds. The principle is explained in term of abstinence (1) to abstain from harming sentient beings, especially to abstain from taking life, (2) to abstain from taking what is not giving (3) to abstain from sexual misconduct 5) right livelihood (정명) : Right Livelihood means that one should earn one's living in a righteous way and that wealth should be gained legally and peacefully. The Buddha mentions four specific activities that harm other beings and one should avoid for this reason (1) dealing in weapons, (2) dealing in living beings, (3) working in meat production and butchery, (4) selling intoxicants and poisons, such as alcohols and drugs. 6) right effort(정정진) : Right Effort can be seen as a prerequisite to the other principles of the Path. Without effort, which is in itself an act of will, nothing can be achievd. Right Effort is detailed in four types of endeavors that rank in ascending order of perfection (1) to prevent evil and unwholesome states of mind from arising (2)to get rid of such evil and unwholesome states of mind that have already arisen (3) to produce, to cause to arise, good and wholesome states of mind not yet arisen (4) to develop and bring to perfection the good and wholesome states of mind already present 7) rihgt mindfulness(정염) : Right Mindfulness is to be diligently aware, mindful and attentive with regard to (1) the activeties of the body(신) (2) sensation or feeling(수) (3) the activities of mind(심) (4) ideas, thoughts, conceptions and things(법) 8) right concentration(정정) Concentration is described as one-pointedness of mind, meaning a state where all mental faculties are unified and directed onto one particular object. The meditating mind first directs itself onto the subject, then sustains concentration, and finally intensifies concentration step by step.

31. when this is present, that comes to be when this arises, that arises when this is not present, that does not come to be, when this does not arise, that does not arise 무엇을 설명한 것인가? 『이것이 있으므로 저것이 있고, 이것이 생기므로 저것이 생긴다. 이것이 없으면 저것도 없고, 이것이 사라지면 저것도 사라진다.』 → dependent origination (연기)

32. Six paramita / six perfections (육바라밀) 을 적고 설명하시오? → 1) generosity (보시바라밀) : 타인과 사회에 많이 베풀어라 2) morality (지계바라밀) : 오계를 비롯한 계율을 잘 지켜라 3) patience (인욕바라밀) : 많이 참고 인내하라 4) effort (정진바라밀) : 나쁜 마음을 막고, 선한 마음을 일으켜서 노력하라 5) concentration (선정바라밀) : 마음이 한 곳으로 모아지고 통제할 수 있게된다. 6) wisdom (지혜바라밀) : 지혜를 얻게 된다.

33. ‘부처님께 예배드린다.’는 의미, 불교 신앙과 수행의 가장 근본, 불자의 참된 자세? → Buddhist ceremony (예불)

34. 오분향계 ? → (계향, 정향, 혜향, 해탈향, 해탈지견향)

35. 내가 무엇이 되고자하는 지향점을 보편적 인류애로 확대하여 나를 비워 나가 면서 성취해 나가는 몸과 마음의 몸짓은? → power of vow (발원, 원력)

36. 내가 쌓은 공덕을 남에게 돌아가게 하는 것? → sharing of my own virtues (회향)

37. 조계종의 소의경전은? → diamond sutra (금강경)

38. Heart sutra (반야심경)의 주인공은? → sariputra (사리불)

국제표교사 고시‘불교의 이해와 신행’문제

1. Buddhist pilgrimage - the four holy site (불교의 4대 성지) 는? → 1) Lumbini - birth place 2) Bodh Gaya - enlightment place 3) Deer park (sarnath) - teaching place 4) Kusinara - nirvana place

2. 부처님이 탄생시 하신 말씀은? → Above and below the heavens, I, alone, am high and noble with the entire world mired in suffering, I will bring peace to the world (하늘 위 하늘 아래 홀로 존귀하고 삼계의 모든 고통을 편한하게 하리라)

3. 부처님이 열반시 하신 말씀은? → Take refuge in yourself, and take refuge in the dharma (자기 자신을 의지처로 삼고 부처님의 가르침을 의지처로 삼아라) All things are subject to change, strive on practice with deligence. (모든 것은 변한다. 부지런히 정진하라)

4. 불교 수행의 첫걸음이면서 동시에 신행 활동의 근본 생명은? → dependent origination, no-self (연기. 무아의 세계관 확립)

5. 물질 현상을 나타내는 ‘색’과 정신현상을 표현하는 ‘수’,‘상’,‘행’,‘식’을 말한다. 좁은 의미로는 인간 존재를 가리키고, 넓은 의미로 쓰일 때는 일체 존재를 말한 다. → the five aggregates (skandhas) (오온) 예) form(색), feeling(수), perception(상), mental formation(행), consciousness(식)

6. 6가지 감각기관과 6가지 감각대상을 합친 것 (안이비설신의, 색성향미촉법) 눈, 귀, 코, 혀, 몸, 뜻과 그 대상인 소리, 냄새, 맛, 촉감, 법이다. → twelve bases (12처)

7. 일체의 존재를 인식기관(6근), 인식대상(6경), 인식작용(6식)으로 표현한 것은? → eighteen fields(dhatus) (18계)

8. 모든 괴로움을 떠나기 위하여 그 발생과 소멸을 12가지로 풀어 놓은 것? 무명-->행-->식-->명색-->육입-->촉-->수-->애-->취-->유-->생-->노사 → twelve links of the law of dependent origination (12연기)

9. 대승불교에서 신앙적 실천의 주체로서 강조한 것, ‘깨달음을 추구하는 중생’ 뜻 → bodhisattva (보살)

10. 대승불교의 실천 기반이 되었던 진리관은? → emptiness (공, 공성)

11. 중국 천태종을 일으킨 스님은? → Cheontae jiyi monk (천태 지의스님)

12. 육조스님이 깨달은 4구게 ? → 응무소주 이생기심 (마땅히 머무는 바 없이 그 마음을 내어야 한다)

13. 중국선의 초조는? → Bodhidharma (보리달마)

14. 중국 선종의 비약적인 발전은 선승들이 집단적인 수행 생활의 규범과 주체적 인 교단의 조직 및 운영을 위해 체계적으로 성문화된 규정의 제정과 더불어 정착. 무엇을 말하는 가? “하루 일하지 않은면 하루 먹지 한는다.” 언급 → pure rules of Pai-Chang (백장청규)

15. 한국에 선이 본격적으로 전래되기는 신라말에 시작하여 고려초에 이르기까지 ------이 개창되는 때의 일이다. 빈칸 ? → nine mountains seon mun (구산 선문)

16. 윤리적인 규범들과 결부하여 좋은 일은 권장하고 나쁜일은 못하게 막는 근거 로서 ------이라는 말을 많이 사용하여 왔다. 빈칸은? → karma (업)

17. 10선업 (10악의 반대) 은? → 1)no killing (살생x) 2)no stealing (도둑질x) 3)no sexual misconduct(삿되 음행x) 4)no lying (거짓말x) 5)no slandering (이간질x) 6)no hash speaking (거친말x) 7)no idle talking(잡담x) 8)no greed(탐욕x) 9)no hatred(성냄x) 10)no delusion(어리석음x)

18. 우리가 살고 있는 인간세계를 포함한 여섯 개의 세계(육도), 즉 지옥, 아귀, 축 생, 아수라, 인간, 천상의 세계를 끝없이 죽고 태어나면서 돌고 도는 것을 말한다.? → the six realmes of samsara (육도 윤회) 예) hell(지옥) / hungry ghosts(아귀) / animals(축생) / asuras(아수라) human beings(인간) / heavenly beings(천상)

19. 나가루주나(용수)의 사상적 중도(팔부 중도)는? → (불생불멸 불생부단 불일불이 비유비무)

20. 화엄경의 법계연기에서 법계를 ‘사’와 ‘이’로 구분하여 설명한 것이 ‘4법계설’? → 1) 사법계 2) 이법계 3) 이사무애법계 4) 사사무애법계

21. 경전을 보고 읽는 것을 말하며 수행의 한 방법은? → textual study (간경)

22. 마음속으로 부처님을 항상 생각하는 것을 말한다. ‘나무석가모니불’등 부처님 을 부르는 수행, 부처님께 귀의하고 모든 것을 부처님의 뜻에 따라 수행하는 것? → chanting / reciting (염불) 예) dharma body chanting (법신염불) - 부처님께서 깨달으신 진리 생각하면서 gwan sang chanting (관상염불) - 부처님의 공덕이나 모습을 마음에 그리면서 ching myeong chanting (칭명염불) - 부처님의 명호를 부르면서

23. 간화선에서 수행자로 하여금 큰 의심을 일으키게 하고 스스로 그 의심을 해 결하여 깨달음을 얻게하는 것(일종의 도구) ? → koan (공안, 화두)

24. The theory of the threeford body of the Buddha (삼신설)은 ? → dharma body (법신) / reward body (보신) / transformed body (화신)

25. All evils be done no more, all good be made more with diligence clean your mind by yourself, its is Buddhas' teaching (Avoid all evil, practice all virtue, clean our mind, that is Buddha's teaching) (모든 악을 짓지 말고 온갖 선을 받들어 행하라, 스스로 그 마음을 깨끗이 하는 것이, 모든 부처님의 가르침 이니라) 이것을 무엇이라고 하는가? → Lessons of past seven Buddhas (칠불통게)

26. Three pitaka (삼장) 은 어떻게 구성되어 있는가? → sutra (경장) / vinaya (율장) / abhidharma (논장)

27. Koan meditation (간화선, 화두선)의 3요소는? → daesinsim, daeyisim, daebunsim (대신심, 대의심, 대분심)

28. The three refuges (삼귀의)은 ? → I take refuge in the Buddha/ I take refuge in the Dharma/ I take refuge in the Sangha

29. The four great vows (사홍서원)은 ? → I vow to save all beings / I vow to end all sufferings I vow to learn all Dharma Teachings / I vow to attain Enlightenment

30. incense (향), candle (초), tea (차), flowers (꽃), fruits (과일), rice (공양미)를 통칭하여 무엇이라고 하는가? → six offerings (육법공양)

31. The Buddha jewel monastery (Tongdosa), The Dharma jewel monastery(Haeinsa) The Sangha jewel monastery (songgwangsa)을 무엇이라고 하는가? → The three jewel monasteries (삼보사찰)

32. loving-kindness (자), compassion (비), sympathetic joy (희), equanimity (사)를 무엇이라고 하는가? → The four immeasurables (사무량심)

33. please donate something for others (보시), speak a soft & gentle tone and with a soft & gentle words (애어), do something for the benefit of others(이행) share the pleasure and sadness with others (동사)를 무엇이라고 하는가? → (사섭법)

34. wholesome donor (청정한 보시자), wholesome donee (청정한 보시 받는자) wholesome donation (청정한 보시물)을 무엇이라고 하는가? → Donation generosity (삼륜청정)

35. 부처님의 사리를 모셔놓은 사찰로서 신라 자장율사에 의해 세워졌다. 무엇을 말하는가? 그리고 각각 열거 하시오? → Five Temple that keeps Buddha`s relics (오대 적멸보궁) 1)통도사, 2)오대산 상원사, 3)태백산 정암사, 4)설악산 봉정암, 5)사자산 법흥사

국제표교사 고시‘불교사의 이해’문제

1. 비구들이여, 세상에 두변(쾌락,고행)이 있으니 수행자는 가까이하지 말지니라 - -중략- 비구들이여, 여래는 이 두변을 버리고 바르게 깨달았는니라. 빈칸은? → middle way (중도, 중도는 곧 팔정도를 의미) cf) hedonism (쾌락주의) / asceticism (고행주의)

2. 빔비라사왕이 를 세울 때 그 입지를 다음과 같은 기준으로 선정, ‘마을에서 너무 멀지도 않고 가깝지도 않고 오고가기에 편하며, 이런저런 목적을 가진 사람들이 찾아뵙기 좋고, --- 중략 ---- 빈칸은? → Juglimjeongsa (죽림정사) 3. 부처님 사후 가르침에 대하여 경전을 편찬하기 위한 집회는? → Buddhist council (불교 결집) 예) 1차 결집 - 주도 : mahakasyapa(마하가섭) / - 편찬 : 경장(ananda구술), 율장(upali구술) 3차 결집 - 시기 : Ashoka(아쇼카왕) - 내용 : 인도전역 및 전세계에 포교사 파견, 부처님의 성지에 석주를 세움 4차 결집 (카니시카왕 시기)

4. 결집 회수는? → four (4차래)

5. 전륜성왕은 본래 인도의 이상적이며 신화적인 군주, 신라왕으로 이와같은 전륜 성왕 의 이념을 가장 적극적으로 받아들인 군주는? → king of Jinheung (진흥왕)

6. 신라 불교학을 크게 발전시킨 스님, 중국 유학을 통해 계율에 정통하게 된 그 는 승려들에 대한 계율의 교육과 감찰을 강화하여 승려들의 생활기준을 명확히 제시? → Jajang monk (지장율사)

7. 불교가 정착되면서 자신들이 살고있는 현재의 국토가 오랜 과거부터 불교와 깊은 관련을 맺고 있으며, 현재도 불교의 호법신들에 의해 보호를 받고 있다는 사상? → The philosophy of Buddhist homeland (불국토사상)

8. 서로 대립되는 불교 이론들이 실제로는 대립되지 않는 것이라고 주자한 원효 사상?, 동일한 진리의 모습을 다른 차원에서 다른 방법에 의해 설명된 것이라고 해명함 → The philosophy of reconciliation of disputes and harmony (화쟁사상)

9. 고려시대 매년 11월 보름에 중앙과 지방의 대표자들이 왕궁에 모여 단합을 확 인, 국가의 안녕을 기원하는 불교 행사는? → palgwanhoe (팔관회)

10. 교장이란 불경에 대한 각종 연구서들을 한데 모아 놓은 것, 불경을 모은 대장 경에 대한 해설서는? → sogjanggyeong (속장경)

11. 고려시대에 천태종을 개창한 스님은? → Yeechen monk (의천스님)

12. 고려때 천태종의 백련결사, 즉 백련사는 누구에 의해 시작되었는가? → Yose monk (요세스님)

13. 통일신라 말에서 고려 초기에 최초의 선문 개창, 조계종의 원류인 가지산문의 시원을 이룩한 스님? → Doyee monk (도의스님)

14. 고려 중기 선불교 증흥기를 이끌었고, 수선사(송광사)를 정혜결사의 근본도량 으로 하여 참선을 위주로 하는 결사 불교 전개를 한 스님은? → jinul monk (지눌스님)

15. 고려때 오늘날 한국 불교 조계종의 법맥과 종풍을 정립한 증흥조는? → Taego bou monk (태고 보우스님)

16. 화엄학이 대가이며, 보살의 삶을 강조하였다. 그는 ‘보현심종원왕가’라는 11수 의 향가를 지어 노래로 불교의 교리를 알기쉽게 부르게 하였다. 그는 누구인가? → Gyunyu monk (균여대사)

17. 훈민정음이 반포되기 직전인 세종 30년(1443)에 최초의 한글 불교서적은? 부처님의 일생을 담고 있음 → seogbosangjeol (석보상절)

18. 19세기 불교결사 활동, 만일, 즉 28년 동안 염불·독송하는 대중적 결사는? → (염불만일회)

19. 조선후기 해인사에서 수선결사를 맺어 당시 침체된 수행 종풍을 재건하는데 많은 노력을 기울여 근대 한국 선종의 중흥자는? → Gyeongheo monk (경허스님)

20. 1886년이후 전국 오지에 선원 창설, 많은 제자양성, 역경 불사(한자→한글번역) 에 많은 노력, 도심 포교당 건립, 찬불가로 포교 활동한 스님은? → Yongseong monk (용성스님)

21. 『조선불교유신론』 저술, 사회 진화적인 인식에 기초를 두고 불교의 평등주의, 구세주의에 개혁의 이상을 설정한 스님은? → Hanyongun monk (한용운스님)

22. 1947년 ‘부처님 법대로 살자’는 취지로 청정한 수행가풍을 되살리고 부처님께 서 본래 뜻하신 계율, 교범의 준수 등 불교의 전통을 회복하려는 수행 결사는? → The association of bongamsa (봉암사결사)

23. 1966년 일본 홍법원 개원, 미국· 유럽· 아프리카 등지에 선을 가르쳐 50여명의 외국인 출신 승려와 50,000여명의 외국인 신도들을 지도, 세계 3대 고승으로 지 칭? → Sungsan monk (숭산스님)

24. 봉암사 결사 주도, 해인총림 방장 역임, 조계종 종정 역임, 백일법문 설법한 고승? → Seongcheol monk (성철스님)

국제표교사 고시‘불교문화’문제

1. 불교 조각에서 불교의 궁극적인 목표이고 최고의 경지를 깨달은 이를 상징, 32상 80종호라는 규범에 의해 조성, 전류성왕이 모델, 남성적인 외모? → The statue of Buddha (tathagata) (여래상)

2. 불교조각에서 깨달음을 얻었지만 아직 중생제도를 위해 부처님되기를 잠시 보 류, 여인의 모습에 가깝고, 머리에 화려한 보관, 몸에는 장신구와 하늘거리는 천의착 용? → The statue of Bodhisattva (보살상)

3. 불교조각에서 산속에서 수행에 전념하는 나이 많은 수행자 모습, 노스님 연상? → The statue of Arhant (나한상)

4. 불교조각에서 진리 그 자체를 상징하여 진신 또는 법신이라고 한다. 부처님의 광명이 어디에나 두루 비친다는 의미의 불상은? → The statue of cosmic Buddha (비로자나여래상)

5. 대표적 보살 열거하면 → Bodhisattva of compassion (관세음보살) Earth store Bodhisattva (지장보살) Bodhisattva of wisdom (문수보살) Bodhisattva of action (보현보살) Bodhisattva of future (미륵보살)

6. 사찰 건축에서 기둥은 대체로 둥근 기둥을 썼으며 통일신라신대 이후에 기둥 의 중간부가 두툼해지는 기둥의 모습은? 기둥이 탄탄해 보이는 시각적효과 있음. → (배흘림기둥)

7. 덕망높은 스님이 일생을 마치게 되면 평소 스님을 받들던 제자와 신도들이 스 님의 묘탑을 세운다? → Pudo (부도)

8. 지금까지 남아있는 불화 중 가장 오래된 인도의 벽화는? → Ajanta caves wall painting (아잔타 석굴벽화)

9. 불화에서 부처님이 진리를 설하는 모임을 법회라고 한다. 이러한 법회의 상징 성을 그림에 담고 있는 것은? → The painting of the Dharma Assembly (설법도, 회상도)

10. 예배용 불화로서 대웅전의 석가여래 뒷면에 봉안한 것은? → The painting of the Dharma Assembly on Mt. Grdhadhuta (영산회상도)

11. 불교 의식에 사용하는 도구, 원래 제석천의 번개에 붙여진 이름, 점차 신이나 역사 가 지니는 무기 지칭, 고대 인도부터 무기로 사용, 제석천이 아수라를 쳐 부수었 다 는 전설이 불교에 수용, 중생의 무명 번뇌를 굳세고 날카로운 지혜로 부수어 버리는 것에 비유? → Vajira (금강저)

12. 석가여래의 전기를 여덟가지 장면으로 압축 묘사한 그림과 설명은? → The painting of eight scenes of the Buddha's life (팔상도) 1) Announcement for the imminent birth (부처님 탄생을 예고) 2) The birth (부처님의 탄생) 3) Four scenes of human existence (인간 존재의 4가지 모습을 봄) 4) Renunciation (출가) 5) Asceticism (6년 고행) 6) Temptation (마라의 유혹을 물리침) 7) Teaching Dharma (법을 펼침) 8) Entering parinirvana (열반에 드심)

13. 우리나라 최초의 찬불가집의 작사가? 12곡이 수록 → Gweon sanglo monk (권상로스님)

14. 불교의식 때 불리는 모든 염불 지칭, 천상의 소리와 찬탄 의미하며 일정한 악 보가 없이 구음으로만 전해지기 때문에 전수가 어렵다? → beompae (범패)

15. 불교의 가르침을 함축하여 표현하는 운문체의 짧은 시구는? → gesong (게송)

16. 불교 법복의 하나로 장삼위에 외쪽 어깨에서 오른쪽 겨드랑이 아래로 걸쳐입는 법의 원래 인도에서는 버린 누더기 옷이었는데, 불교에서 받아들여 불규칙하게 꿰매어 만든 옷? → robe (가사)

17. lecture hall(강원), meditation hall(선원), vinaya hall(율원)을 모두 두고있는 사찰 은? → monastic teaching center (총림) 참고) 총림의 최고 어른 : son master (방장스님) 총림사찰 : 통도사, 해인사, 송광사, 수덕사, 백양사

18. 선원의 큰방에는 결제 때와 큰 일을 치를 때에 스님과 그 소임을 맡은 스님 의 법명을 적은 방 (업무분장표)을 붙인다? → yongsangbang (용상방)

19. ‘우기’라는 뜻을 갇고 있다. 원래 인도에서는 강우기 3개월 동안 실시되는 연 중 행사, 우리나라에서는 여름과 겨울 2차례 실시, 참선·불교연구·정진·수련회 행사실 시 → retreat (안거)

20. 행선법을 말한다. 50분 좌선후 10분간 한다. 일렬로 방 가장자기 또는 선방의 앞마당을 돈다. 다리의 근육과 긴장을 풀기 위해 말없이 조용히 걷는 것은? → walking meditation (경행)

21. 교단 구성원의 생활이 계율에 입각하여 바르게 행해져서 청정성을 유지하기 위하여 구성원들이 한곳에 모여서 자신의 행위를 반성하고 죄가 있으면 고백 참회하는 의식은? → confession (포살)

22. 부처님 당시부터 내려오던 승가 고유의 의결구조, 크고 작은 모든 일을 결정 할 때 전원이 참여하는 제도는? → daejunggongsa (대중공사)

23. 사찰에서 대중들이 함께모여 하는 육체적 노동, 모든 사람이 참여한다. 청소, 김장 담그기, 채마밭 가꾸기 등등 ? → communal work (운력)

24. 사찰의 구성집단, 비구· 비구니· 우바새(남성 신자)· 우바이(여성 신자)로 구성된 것을 무엇이라고 하는가? → The fourfold community (사부대중)

25. 유네스코 세계문화유산 및 일반 유산에서 불교 유적 2가지는? → (해인사 장경각, 불국사 석굴암)

26. 일반적으로 불상은 세부분으로 구성되어 있다. 그것은 각각 무엇인가? → base, body, aura (좌대, 부처님의 몸, 광배)

27. 불탑에서 탑은 기본적으로 세부분으로 나주어진다. 세부분은 각각 무엇인가? → base, body, vertical mast section (기단부, 탑신부, 상륜부)

28. 스님(법사)이 법문을 할 때 듣고 있는 신자들이 이해하고 있는지를 고려해야 한다. 신자들의 능력과 이해력을 고려하여 실시하는 법문 방식을 무엇이라고 하는가? → (대기설법)

29. 불교에서 three practices 는? → precepts, meditation, wisdom (계, 정, 혜)

30. 불교에서 three defilement (세가지 번뇌)는? → greed, hatred, delusion (탐욕, 성냄, 어리석음)

31. 조선후기 한국 녹차를 널리 보급시키고 다선일여의 경지로 끌어 오렸다. 그의 저서로 녹차의 기원과 재배방법이 쓰여있는 ‘동다송’이 있다. 누구인가? → Chouy monk (초의선사)

32. 조선 초기 한글 번역기관인 ‘간경도감’을 설치하고 ‘월인석보’ 등 많은 불교 서적을 한글로 번역한 왕은? → king of sejo (세조)

33. Buddist music (불교음악)을 분석하면 세가지 그룹으로 구성되어 있다. 각각 언 급? → beompae, hwachung, chanbulga (범패, 화청, 찬불가)

34. 부처님의 수인중에서 성도하실 때 모습, 왼손은 선정인 자세를 하시고 오른손 은 무릎위에 올려 놓은 자세의 수인(손가락 모습)은? → (항마촉지인)

35. 경전의 시작 문구는? 경전의 시작 문구는 듣는 청중, 장소, 시간이 묘사된 서론 부분이 있다. → I heard like this ∼ (여시아문 ∼) : 나는 이와 같이 들었다. ∼

36. 이것을 이해한 사람은 법을 이해하고, 법을 이해한 사람은 이것을 이해한다. 이것을 이해한 사람은 부처님을 볼 수 있다. 이것은? → Dependent origination (연기)

국제표교사 고시‘포교이해론’문제

1. 부처님이 깨달음을 이룬 뒤 다섯명의 비구에게 법을 전한 것? → The first turning of wheel of Dharma (초전법륜)

2. 부처님 제자 60명이 아라한이 된 후 부처님이 하신 말씀을 무엇이라고 하는가? “많은 사람의 이익과 행복을 위해 세상을 불쌍히 여기고, 사람과 하늘의 이익과 안락을 위해 떠나라. ---- 중략 --- “ → Declaration of the speading the truth (전법선언)

3. 인도 최초의 통일국가 건설, 마우리아왕조의 3대왕, 인도전역과 해외에 포교사 파견 3차 결집, 경전 문자화 왕은 ? → Ashoka (아쇼카왕)

4. 최근 인도 불가촉 천민의 해방자, 신불교 운동 전개, 힌두교에서 불교로 개종 운동 실시, 현대 인도 불교의 중흥자는 ? → Ambedkar (암베드까르)

5. 산스크리트(범어) ---> 한자로 한역한 역경 스님중에서 2명만 기재하시오? → Gumarajip, Hyeanjang (구마라집, 현장)

6. 『 질문 : 역사가들이 20세기 가장 중요한 사건을 꼽으라고 한다면 ? 답변 : 동양의 불교가 서양으로 건너온 일이지요 』 이야기한 역사가는 ? → Arnold Toynbee (아놀드 토인비)

7. 『 미래의 종교는 우주적 종교가 되어야 한다. 그동안 종교는 자연세계를 부정 해 왔다. 모두 절대자가 만든 것이라고만 해 왔다. 그러나 앞으로의 종교는 자연 세계와 영적인 세계를 똑같이 존중한다는 생각에 기반을 두어야 한다. -- 중략 현대의 과학적 요구에 상응하는 종교를 꼽으라고 한다면, 그것은 ‘불교’라고 말하고 싶다 』 이야기한 과학자는 ? → Einstein (아인슈타인)

8. 대만 ‘관세음보살의 화신’ ‘자제공덕회’ 설립, 국민의 사랑과 존경은 받는 스님 은? → Jeongeom nuns (증엄스님)

9. 참여불교 운동의 선구자, 태국 출생, 세계적 NGO 활동가는? → Sulak sivaraksa (슈락 시바락사) 10. 본격적 역경사업 전개, 1961년 국내 최초 불교사전 발간, 동국역경원 설립 ? → Unheo monk (운허스님) 11. 10대 제자 ? → 1)사리불 지혜제일/ 2) 목건련 신통제일/ 3)가섭 두타제일/ 4)아나율 천안제일 5)수보리 해공제일/ 6)부루나 설법제일/ 7)가전연 논의제일/ 8)우바리 지계제일 9)라훌라 밀행제일/ 10)아난 다문제일