LIBERATION THROUGH PARTICIPATION Women in the Zimbabwean Revolution
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LIBERATION THROUGH PARTICIPATION Women in the Zimbabwean Revolution Writings and Documents from ZANU and the ZANU Women's League Build the ZANU Women's Campaign ! The women of Zimbabwe, under the We are printing this collection of leadership of ZANU(PF), played a key writings from ZANU(PF) to help build the role in the struggle to eliminate white ZANU Women's Campaign in this critical settler rule and imperialism from their period of national reconstruction. In nation and to reclaim Zimbabwe for Afri• this concrete way we contribute to the can people. Under the slogan put for• ZANU Women's League's ability to advance ward by ZANU(PF), "Liberation Through the leadership and skills of the masses Participation", thousands of women ac• of Zimbabwean women so that they can par• tively joined the people's war in every ticipate fully in developing a new social• capacity. 25-30% of the liberation army, ist society and win full liberation. ZANLA, was comprised of women at the time Through the ZANU Women's Campaign we can of independence. Women were a militant contribute to the consolidation of a free force in the revolution because through and independent Zimbabwe. This is part of the struggle to liberate their nation, continuing anti-imperialist solidarity with they were engaged in a struggle to liber• the Zimbabwean revolution and with the on• ate themselves. going struggle to free all of Southern Africa from white supremacy and imperialist These writings and documents from domination. ZANU(PF) and the ZANU Women's League pro• vide ideological and practical leadership Zimbabwe will not be secure to deter• to women in struggle everywhere against mine its- own future until all of Southern imperialism. The lessons of the Zimbab• Africa is free. We commit ourselves to wean revolution and the struggle of women that struggle, knowing that the defeat of within it enrich the world revolutionary imperialism in Southern Africa will be a movement and the worldwide struggle for decisive blow, bringing closer the time women's liberation. The women of Zimbabwe when all the world's peoples are free to are clear — the struggle for women's lib• build societies free of oppression and eration is inseparable from the struggle exploitation. to defeat imperialism and white supremacy and the building of socialism. We extend our solidarity to the women of Zimbabwe, the people of Zimbabwe, and the Republic of Zimbabwe. PAMBERI NE ZIMBABWE! National Campaign in Solidarity with the ZANU Women's League Table of Contents FIRST ZIMBABWE WOMEN'S SEMINAR Opening Speech by Comrade Robert Mugabe, Prime Minister of the Republic of Zimbabwe, President of Zimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic Front) - May 1979 2 WHY I JOINED ZANLA WOMEN'S DETACHMENT by Sarudzai Churucheminzwa, a member of the Army of the Zimbabwe African National Union 10 ZIMBABWE WOMEN by Fungai Tichavapedza, a member of the Army of the Zimbabwe African National Union 12 "OUR WOMEN ARE WOMEN OF ACTION" by Comrade Teurai Ropa, ZANU's Secretary for Women's Affairs 16 THE EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN AND THEIR ROLE TOWARDS LIBERATION STRUGGLE 18 WOMEN HAVE TOTAL INVOLVEMENT IN STRUGGLE by Comrade Teurai Ropa 20 ESTABLISHMENT OF WOMEN'S CENTRE Submitted by ZANU's Department of Women's Affairs 22 BUILD THE ZANU WOMEN'S CAMPAIGN! SUPPORT THE ZANU WOMEN'S LEAGUE! An Interview with Joyce Kangai, Publicity Secretary of the ZANU Women's League, US Branch 25 "WOMEN ARE PART AND PARCEL OF THE REVOLUTION AND PART AND PARCEL OF ZIMBABWE" An Interview with Teurai Ropa Nhongo, Minister of Youth, Sports and Recreation of the Republic of Zimbabwe 27 First Zimbabwe Women's Seminar Opening Speech by Comrade Robert Mugabe, Prime Minister of the Republic of Zimbabwe President, Zimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic Front) I wish to greet you all in the name of the Central Committee of ZANU, in the name of our National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and in the name of the seven million struggling and oppressed masses of Zimbabwe. You are happily gathered here today in response to the call by the Party, through its department of Women's Affairs, to hold a very impor• tant Seminar, and historic meeting con• vened with three definite objectives. The first is for you to study, analyse and assess the role of women in the na• tional struggle and in the effort to develop a socialist society in our coun• try. The second objective is to assist our Central Committee in organising and shaping the Department of Women's Affairs in both form and content so that we have a viable, intact and effec tive women's organ capable of serving as an instrument for educating and mobilising women alongside their men• folk both in the perfomance of revolu•Thanks to. education and enlighten• was Shona or Ndebele recognised a tionary tasks and in achieving equalityment, , some change in the attitude ofpatriarcha l society. The Head of the dignity and respect. men to women has occurred. Thanksfamil y was the man. He it was and not The third is to work out a practicaalsl o to the equalising effect of the opth• e woman who gave "his blood" to programme for women including set pressive racist settler system, cruel, ex•the children all of whom became known tasks for accomplishment this year in ploitative and suppressive to both sexesafte r him and naturally belonged to his accordance with the overall Party proalike• , men and women have jointly clan adopting both his mutupo (totem) gramme and its general tasks. and chidawo (praise totem). The The role our women should play toshare• d a common deprivation, and so womaa n continued to maintain her clan day in the bitter struggle against im• common grievance, formed a commonan d blood ties with her own family and perialism and colonialism is determinedwar-fron t and built a common fightingneve r lost her mutupo although she by the degree of their freedom, force against a common enemy - the might have lost her chidawo. She was readiness and commitment to play thacoloniat l settler regime. Thanks further thus regarded a stranger to the man's role. Custom and tradition have tendedstil l to other nations' experiences and more to favour men than women, tothei r influence upon us, there is now famila y - mwana wevaridzi. The child promote men and their status and growing opinion in our society in born of her, despite the nine months he demote women in status, to erect mefavoun r of the emancipation of women. spent in her womb, was never hers by as masters of the home, village, clan customary right of ownership; he re• and nation, but pin down worner, as It is necessary, therefore, to study themaine d her child only as long as the mistresses of the same home, village,rol e of the Zimbabwe women both marriage between her and the husband clan and nation. Admittedly, women generally in society and specifically in was good. have, even in the context of the familyth,e context of the national struggle Even when the marriage was good, village, clan and nation, been alloweagainsd t white settler colonialism, with ath e man, when angry with her over her sometimes a significant, but at other view to ascertaining the degree of hehandlinr g of children or in any other times a deplorably insignificant, role toparticipatio n and the extent to which provocative circumstances, would chide play. The general principle governing the structures of tradition and customhe r for 'mishandling', 'spoiling' or relationships between rnen and womenhav e yielded to new circumstances, the'neglecting ' "his children". The wife has, in our traditional society, alwaysla w of necessity and the call for culturatol o when fed up with the husband not been that of superiors and inferiors. transformation in her favour. infrequently appealed to him to take Our society has consistently stood onPre-colonia l Status of Women "his children" and allow her to go to the principle of masculine "her home". dominance - the principle that the manBefor e the forcible occupation of our A woman became a man's wife upon is the ruler and and the woman his country by the British settler column inpaymen t by the man to the woman's dependant and subject. 1890, tradition and customs, whether ifamilt y of dowry. In Shona and Ndebele society this was partly monetary, but could go to the front and, alongside principally, in form of cattle. men attack the enemy with spears, Customary law never regarded dowry asbattle-axe s or bows and arrows. a price paid for the woman but more as a token of gratitude from the man's This then was the traditional position family to the woman's family. The pay•before European settlement in 1890. ment of the dowry entitled the man toTh e woman's role in society was mainly marry the woman, bring her to his supplementary to that of the man. home and demand her domestic and Settler Colonialism and its impact agricultural field services. In every caseTh e instrument employed by Cecil John no woman could marry without paren•Rhodes and the British Government of tal consent. the day in acquiring our country was a Society being patriarchal, women company granted a charter for occupa• were not allowed to sit at court to heationar l purposes. The British South cases, although they were allowed to African Company was formed and become witness. Family property could sponsored by colonialist Rhodes in its only be owned by men, save in the casoperatioe n of 1890 when it hoisted a of domestic utensils, personal gifts or British flag in Harare calling it Fort direct bequests.